Herbicidal Sulfonamides

This invention relates to a novel class of sulfonamides and their use as herbicides and plant growth regulants.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,127,405 teaches compounds which are useful for controlling weeds in wheat having the formula: ##STR1## R.sub.3 and R.sub.6 are independently hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1-4 carbon atoms, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, CH.sub.3 S(O).sub.n -- or CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 S(O).sub.n --;

R.sub.4 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or methyl;

R.sub.5 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl or methoxy;

R.sub.7 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl of 1-2 carbon atoms or alkoxy of 1-2 carbon atom;

R.sub.8 is hydrogen, methyl, chlorine or bromine;

R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are independently hydrogen, methyl, chlorine or bromine;

W and Q are independently oxygen or sulfur;

n is 0, 1 or 2;

X is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, alkoxy of 1-3 carbon atoms, trifluoromethyl, CH.sub.3 S-- or CH.sub.3 OCH.sub.2 --; and

Y is methyl or methoxy; or their agriculturally suitable salts; provided that:

(a) when R.sub.5 is other than hydrogen, at least one of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 is other than hydrogen and at least two of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 must be hydrogen;

(b) when R.sub.5 is hydrogen and all of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are other than hydrogen, then all of R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 must be either chlorine or methyl; and

(c) when R.sub.3 and R.sub.7 are both hydrogen, at least one of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 must be hydrogen.

Netherlands Pat. No. 121,788, published Sept. 15, 1966, discloses the preparation of compounds of the following Formula and their use as general or selective herbicides: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may independently be alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms; and

R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may independently be hydrogen, chlorine or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,637,366 discloses compounds having the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower saturated aliphatic acyl; and

R.sub.2 is hydrogen, 2-pyrimidinyl, pyridyl, amidino, acetyl or carbamoyl.

The disclosed compounds are said to provide control of crabgrass, cress, endive, clover and Poa annua.

French Pat. No. 1,468,747 discloses the following para-substituted phenylsulfonamides, useful as antidiabetic agents: ##STR4## wherein R=H, halogen, CF.sub.3 or alkyl.

Logemann et al., Chem. Ab., 53, 18052 g (1959), disclose a number of sulfonamides, including uracil derivatives and those having the formula: ##STR5## wherein R is butyl, phenyl or ##STR6## and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl. When tested for hypoglycemic effect in rats (oral doses of 25 mg/100 g), the compounds in which R is butyl and phenyl were most potent. The others were of low potency or inactive.

Wojciechowski, J. Acta. Polon. Pharm. 19, p. 121-5 (1962) [Chem. Ab., 59 1633 e] describes the synthesis of N-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide: ##STR7## Based upon similarity to a known compound, the author predicted hypoglycemic activity for the foregoing compound.

Substituted-pyrimidinyl sulfonylureas of the following formula, which are also para-substituted on the phenyl ring, are disclosed in Farmco Ed. Sci., 12, 586 (1957) [Chem. Ab., 53, 18052 g (1959)]: ##STR8## wherein R=H or CH.sub.3.

Unexamined European Pat. No. 7687 discloses, among others, herbicidal sulfonylureas of the general structure: ##STR9## where R is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, etc.;

R.sub.6 is H or alkyl; or

R and R.sub.6 can be taken together to form --(CH.sub.2).sub.4, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.6 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --.

U.S. Ser. No. 209,307, filed Nov. 24, 1980, discloses, among others, herbicidal sulfonylureas of the general structure ##STR10## where R is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)--.sub.n'" R.sub.12, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OR.sub.12, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from 0-2 OCH.sub.3, 0-3 CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, trifluoromethylcyclohexyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 cycloalkylalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 cycloalkylalkyl substituted with 1-2 CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CN, OCH.sub.3, OC.sub.2 H.sub.5, N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR11## R.sub.6 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, allyl, CH.sub.2 CN or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN; or

R.sub.6 and R may be taken together as --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.6 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or ##STR12## provided that when R is OCH.sub.3 or OC.sub.2 H.sub.5, then R.sub.6 is H or CH.sub.3 ; when R.sub.6 is CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN or CH.sub.2 CN, then R is CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN or CH.sub.2 CN; R and R.sub.6 have a total number of carbon atoms .gtoreq.13 and that when NR.sub.6 R is other than NHOCH.sub.3, NHOC.sub.2 H.sub.5 or ##STR13## then R.sub.2 is NCO, NHC(O)B, NHC(O)SB.sup.I, NHC(O)OB.sup.II, NHC(O)NHB.sup.III, CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2 NH or CH.sub.3 SO.sub.2 NH.

The presence of undesired vegetation causes substantial damage to useful crops, especially agricultural products that satisfy man's basic food and fiber needs, such as cotton, rice, corn, wheat, and the like. The current population explosion and concomitant world food shortage demand improvements in the efficiency of producing these crops. Prevention or minimizing the loss of a portion of valuable crops by killing, or inhibiting the growth of undesired vegetation is one way of improving this efficiency. A wide variety of materials useful for killing, or inhibiting (controlling) the growth of undesired vegetation is available; such materials are commonly referred to as herbicides. The need still exists however, for more effective herbicides.

This invention relates to compounds of Formula I and their agriculturally suitable salts, suitable agricultural compositions containing them and their method of use as general and/or selective pre-emergence and/or post-emergence herbicides and as plant growth regulants. ##STR14## wherein A is a five- or six-membered aromatic heterocycle, a five- or six-membered dihydroaromatic heterocycle or a six-membered tetrahydroaromatic heterocycle which contains 1-4 heteroatoms selected from 0-1 oxygen atoms, 0-1 sulfur atoms, and/or 0-4 nitrogen atoms; the heterocycles may be optionally substituted with 1-4 CH.sub.3, 1-2 OCH.sub.3, 0-1 SCH.sub.3, 0-1 Cl, 0-1 N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, or 0-1 CN groups;

R is H or CH.sub.3 ;

R.sub.1 is H, F, Cl, Br, CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 or NO.sub.2 ;

R.sub.2 is H or CH.sub.3 ;

R.sub.3 is H or CH.sub.3 ;

R.sub.4 is ##STR15## X is CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3 or Cl; Y is H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, OCH.sub.3, OC.sub.2 H.sub.5, CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3, NH.sub.2, NHCH.sub.3 or N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ;

Y.sub.1 is H, Cl, CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3 ; and

Z is CH, CCH.sub.3 or N

provided that

(1) the bond between N--R and A is attached to a nitrogen or carbon atom of A;

(2) when A is a thiophene or furan ring, the bond between NR and A is not at the 2- or 5-position of the heterocycle; and

(3) when X is Cl, then Z is CH and Y is CH.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, NH.sub.2, NHCH.sub.3 or N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.

Preferred for higher herbicidal activity and/or more favorable ease of synthesis are:

(1) Compounds of Formula I wherein A is an unsubstituted or substituted six-membered aromatic heterocycle containing one to three nitrogen atoms;

(2) Compounds of Formula I wherein A is an unsubstituted or substituted six-membered dihydroaromatic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms;

(3) Compounds of Formula I wherein A is an unsubstituted or substituted five-membered aromatic heterocycle containing one to four nitrogen atoms;

(4) Compounds of Formula I wherein A is an unsubstituted or substituted five-membered aromatic heterocycle containing one or two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen or one sulfur atom;

(5) Compounds of Formula I wherein A is an unsubstituted or substituted five-membered aromatic heterocycle containing one oxygen or one sulfur atom;

(6) Compounds of Formula I wherein A is an unsubstituted or substituted five-membered dihydroaromatic heterocycle containing one nitrogen atom and optionally one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur;

(7) Compounds of Formula I wherein A is an unsubstituted or substituted six-membered tetrahydroaromatic heterocycle containing one nitrogen atom and optionally one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur;

(8) Compounds of Preferred (1)-(7) wherein ##STR16## Y is CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3 ; and Z is CH or N; (9) Compounds of Preferred (8) wherein A is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with 0-4 CH.sub.3 or 0-2 OCH.sub.3 groups;

(10) Compounds of Preferred (9) wherein A is a pyridine, a pyrimidine or a 1,3,5-triazine;

(11) Compounds of Preferred (9) wherein A is a pyrrole, an imidazole, a pyrazole, or a 1,2,4-triazole;

(12) Compounds of Preferred (9) wherein A is an isoxazole, an oxazole, a 1,3,4-oxadiazole, a thiazole, a 1,2,3-thiadiazole, or a 1,3,4-thiadiazole;

(13) Compounds of Preferred (9) wherein A is a 4,5-dihydroimidazole, a 4,5-dihydroisoxazole, a 4,5-dihydrooxazole, a 4,5-dihydropyrazole, or a 4,5-dihydrothiazole;

(14) Compounds of Preferred (9) wherein A is a tetrahydropyrimidine, a tetrahydro-1,2,-oxazine, a tetrahydrol, 3-oxazine, or a tetrahydro-1,3-thiazine;

(15) Compounds of Preferred (10)-(14) wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are H, and A is unsubstituted, or, optionally substituted with one methyl group.

Specifically Preferred for highest herbicidal activity and/or most favorable ease of synthesis are:

2-[[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-N-(4,6-dimeth ylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzamide;

2-[[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-N-(2-pyr idinyl)benzamide;

2-[[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]aminocarbonyl]-N-(1,2,4-triaz ol-3-yl)benzamide;

2-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-N-( 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)benzamide;

2-[[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-N-(thiaz ol-2-yl)benzamide;

2-[[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]aminosulfonyl]-N-(1,3,4 -thiadiazol-2-yl)benzamide; and

N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)-2-[[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl ]aminosulfonyl]benzamide.

The compounds of Formula I can be prepared from the corresponding esters by reaction with the heterocyclic amine III in the presence of an equivalent amount of trimethylaluminum according to Equation 1. ##STR17##

According to the procedure of A. Basha, M. Lipton, and S. W. Weinreb, Tetrahedron Letters, 4171 (1977), the heterocyclic amine and the trimethylaluminum are mixed in methylene chloride, followed by the addition of a methyl ester of Formula II. The mixture is then heated at reflux for 12 to 24 hours.

The product can be isolated by addition of aqueous hydrochloric acid to decompose and dissolve the aluminum complexes and salts. Direct filtration of the precipitate or separation of the methylene chloride phase followed by evaporation yields the desired product which may be purified by crystallization or column chromatography.

The preparation of esters of Formula II is described in European Patent Application No. 7687.

Agriculturally suitable salts of compounds of Formula I are also useful herbicides and can be prepared in a number of ways known to the art. For example, metal salts can be made by treating compounds of Formula I with a solution of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt having a sufficiently basic anion (e.g. hydroxide, alkoxide, carbonate or hydride) quaternary amine salts can be made by similar techniques. Detailed examples of such techniques are given in U.S. Pat. No. 4,127,405, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.

The compounds of this invention and their preparation are further illustrated by the following examples wherein temperatures are given in degrees centigrade and all parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

To 1.44 g of trimethylaluminum (10 ml of a 2M solution of trimethylaluminum in toluene) in 100 ml of methylene chloride was added 2.5 g of 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine with stirring at ambient temperature. To this mixture was added 4.0 g of N-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-methoxycarbonylbenzenesul fonamide and the solution refluxed for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid and the precipitated product was found to be nearly pure by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel with an eluting solvent of ethyl acetate. Trituration of the solid with methylene chloride resulted in pure product (1.8 g); m.p. 198.degree.-199.degree. C.; IR: 3200 cm.sup.-1, NH, 1720 cm.sup.-1 sulfonylurea carbonyl, 1700 cm.sup.-1 amide carbonyl.

NMR: 2.2 ppm s, 6H, CH.sub.3 on pyrimidine, 3.9 ppm s, 6H, OCH.sub.3 on pyrimidine, 5.8 ppm, s, 1H proton in 5-position on the dimethoxypyrimidine, 6.7 ppm s, 1H, proton in 5-position of dimethylpyrimidine, 7.4-7.8 ppm and 8.0-8.4 ppm M, 4H, aromatic protons.

To a slurry of 4.0 g of N-[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-methoxycarbonylbenze nesulfonamide in 100 ml of methylene chloride was added by syringe 10 ml of a 2M solution of trimethylaluminum in toluene (1.44 g of Al(CH.sub.3).sub.3). Evolution of methane gas was seen and the solution became homogeneous. 2-Aminopyrimidine (1.9 g) was then added and the mixture was heated at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid and the precipitated product was purified by trituration in methylene chloride, 1.35 g, m.p. 206.degree.-207.degree. C., IR: 1710 cm.sup.-1 sulfonylurea carbonyl, 1680 cm.sup.-1 amide carbonyl.

NMR: in TFA, 2.8 ppm, CH.sub.3 on pyrimidine, 4.3 ppm, OCH.sub.3 on pyrimidine, 6.8 ppm, proton in 5-position of pyrimidine, 7.8-8.0 ppm and 8.4-8.6 ppm, aromatic protons.

To a slurry of 4.0 g of N-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-methoxycarbonyl benzenesulfonamide in 100 ml of methylene chloride was added by syringe 10 ml of a 2M solution of trimethylaluminum in toluene (1.44 g of Al(CH.sub.3).sub.3). Evolution of methane gas was seen. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (1.7 g) was then added and the mixture was heated at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid and the precipitated product was purified by trituration in methylene chloride, 0.63 g, m.p. 176.degree.-179.degree. C. NMR in TFA 2.9 ppm s, CH.sub.3 on triazine, 4.4 ppm s, OCH.sub.3 on triazine, 7.8-8.0 ppm and 8.2-8.5 ppm M, aromatic.

To a solution of 2-aminotriazole (2.1 g) in 100 ml of methylene chloride was added 10 ml of a 2M solution in toluene of trimethylaluminum (1.44 g of Al(CH.sub.3).sub.3) by syringe. Evolution of methane gas was seen and the solution became homogeneous. To this mixture was added 4.0 g of N-[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-methoxycarbonylbenze nesulfonamide and the homogeneous solution was heated at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then heated with aqueous hydrochloric acid and the precipitated product isolated by filtration, 1.42 g, m.p. 185.degree.-187.degree. C. IR: 1690 cm.sup.-1 and 1700 cm.sup.-1 unresolved double carbonyl, NMR: in TFA 2.7 ppm s, CH.sub.3 pyrimidine, 4.2 ppm s, OCH.sub.3 on pyrimidine, 6.7 ppm s, proton in 5-position on pyrimidine, 7.8-8.0 ppm and 8.4-8.5 ppm M, aromatic, 7.6, 7.7 ppm D, thiazole.

To a solution of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2.1 g) in 100 ml of methylene chloride was added 10 ml of a 2M solution in toluene of trimethylaluminum (1.44 g of Al(CH.sub.3).sub.3) by syringe. Evolution of methane gas was seen from the homogeneous solution. To this mixture was added 4.0 g of N-[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl-2-methoxycarbonylbenzen esulfonamide and the slurry was heated at reflux for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then heated with aqueous hydrochloric acid and the precipitated product was purified by trituration in methylene chloride, 1.61 g, m.p. 172.degree.-173.degree. C. IR: 1700 cm.sup.-1 unresolved carbonyls, NMR: in TFA 2.9 ppm s, CH.sub.3 pyrimidine, 4.4 ppm s, OCH.sub.3 on pyrimidine, 5.4 ppm s, thiadiazole, 6.9 ppm s, proton in 5-position on pyrimidine, 8.1 and 8.5 ppm M, aromatic.

Using the procedures and examples described above and choosing the appropriate compounds of Formulae II and III (as illustrated in Table I), the compounds described in Tables II-VII may be prepared.

Useful formulations of the compounds of Formula I can be prepared in conventional ways. They include dusts, granules, pellets, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates and the like. Many of these may be applied directly. Sprayable formulations can be extended in suitable media and used at spray volumes of from a few liters to several hundred liters per hectare. High strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation. The formulations, broadly, contain about 0.1% to 99% by weight of active ingredient(s) and at least one of (a) about 0.1% to 20% surfactant(s) and (b) about 1% to 99.9% solid or liquid diluent(s). More specifically, they will contain these ingredients in the following approximate proportions:

Lower or higher levels of active ingredient can, of course, be present depending on the intended use and the physical properties of the compound. Higher ratios of surfactant to active ingredient are sometimes desirable, and are achieved by incorporation into the formulation or by tank mixing.

Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins, et al., "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, N.J., but other solids, either mined or manufactured, may be used. The more absorptive diluents are preferred for wettable powders and the denser ones for dusts. Typical liquid diluents and solvents are described in Marsden, "Solvents Guide," 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950. Solubility under 0.1% is preferred for suspension concentrates; solution concentrates are preferably stable against phase separation at 0.degree. C. "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, N.J., as well as Sisely and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1964, list surfactants and recommended uses. All formulations can contain minor amounts of additives to reduce foaming, caking, corrosion, microbiological growth, etc.

The methods of making such compositions are well known. Solutions are prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. Fine solid compositions are made by blending and, usually, grinding as in a hammer or fluid energy mill. Suspensions are prepared by wet milling (see, for example, Littler, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084). Granules and pellets may be made by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See J. E. Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp. 147ff. and "Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook", 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973, pp. 8-57ff.

For further information regarding the art of formulation, see for example:

H. M. Loux, U.S. Pat. No. 3,235,361, Feb. 15, 1966, Col. 6, line 16 through Col. 7, line 19 and Examples 10 through 41;

R. W. Luckenbaugh, U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,192, Mar. 14, 1967, Col. 5, line 43 through Col. 7, line 62 and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138-140, 162-164, 166, 167 and 169-182;

H. Gysin and E. Knusli, U.S. Pat. No. 2,891,855, June 23, 1959, Col. 3, line 66 through Col. 5, line 17 and Examples 1-4;

G. C. Klingman, "Weed Control as a Science", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pp. 81-96; and

J. D. Fryer and S. A. Evans, "Weed Control Handbook", 5th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1968, pp. 101-103.

In the following examples, all parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

The ingredients are blended, hammer-milled until all the solids are essentially under 50 microns, reblended, and packaged.

The ingredients are blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles essentially all below 10 microns in diameter. The product is reblended before packaging.

A slurry of wettable powder containing .apprxeq.25% solids is sprayed on the surface of attapulgite granules in a double-cone blender. The granules are dried and packaged.

The ingredients are blended, hammer-milled and then moistened with about 12% water. The mixture is extruded as cylinders about 3 mm diameter which are cut to produce pellets about 3 mm long. These may be used directly after drying, or the dried pellets may be crushed to pass a U.S.S. No. 20 sieve (0.42 mm openings) may be packaged for use and the fines recycled.

The ingredients are ground together in a sand mill until the solid particles have been reduced to under about 5 microns. The resulting thick suspension may be applied directly, but preferably after being extended with oils or emulsified in water.

The ingredients are thoroughly blended. After grinding in a hammer-mill to produce particles essentially all below 100 microns, the material is reblended and sifted through a U.S.S. No. 50 sieve (0.3 mm opening) and packaged.

The active ingredient is dissolved in the solvent and the solution is sprayed upon dedusted granules in a double cone blender. After spraying of the solution has been completed, the blender is allowed to run for a short period and then the granules are packaged.

The ingredients are blended and ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all under 5 microns in size.

The salt is added directly to the water with stirring to produce the solution, which may then be packaged for use.

The active ingredient is dissolved in a solvent and the solution is sprayed upon dedusted granules in a double-cone blender. After spraying of the solution has been completed, the material is warmed to evaporate the solvent. The material is allowed to cool and then packaged.

The ingredients are blended and milled to pass through a 100 mesh screen. This material is then added to a fluid bed granulator, the air flow is adjusted to gently fluidize the material, and a fine spray of water is sprayed onto the fluidized material. The fluidization and spraying are continued until granules of the desired size range are made. The spraying is stopped, but fluidization is continued, optionally with heat, until the water content is reduced to the desired level, generally less than 1%. The material is then discharged, screened to the desired size range, generally 14-100 mesh (1410-149 microns), and packaged for use.

The ingredients are blended and ground in a hammer-mill to produce a material essentially all passing a U.S.S. No. 50 screen (0.3 mm opening). The concentrate may be formulated further if necessary.

The ingredients are blended and ground in a hammer-mill to produce particles essentially all below 100 microns. The material is sifted through a U.S.S. No. 50 screen and then packaged.

The ingredients are thoroughly blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles essentially all below 10 microns in size. The material is reblended and then packaged.

The ingredients are combined and ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all below 5 microns. The product can be used directly, extended with oils, or emulsified in water.

The compounds of the present invention are powerful herbicides. They have utility for broadspectrum pre- and/or post-emergence weed control in areas where complete control of all vegetation is desired, such as around fuel storage tanks, ammunition depots, industrial storage areas, parking lots, drive-in theaters, around billboards, highway and railroad structures. Some of the compounds are useful for the selective control of weeds in crops such as wheat and alfalfa.

The rates of application for the compounds of the invention are determined by a number of factors, including their use as selective or general herbicides, the crop species involved, the types of weeds to be controlled, weather and climate, formulations selected, mode of application, amount of foliage present, etc. In general terms, the subject compounds should be applied at levels of around 0.125 to 10 kg/ha, the lower rates being suggested for use on lighter soils and/or those having a low organic matter content, or for situations where only short-term persistence is required.

The compounds of the invention may be used in combination with any other commercial herbicide examples of which are those of the triazine, triazole, uracil, urea, amide, diphenylether, carbamate and bipyridylium types.

The herbicidal properties of the subject compounds were discovered in a number of greenhouse tests. The test procedures and results follow.

Seeds of crabgrass (Digitaria sp.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), wild oats (Avena fatua), cassia (Cassia tora), morningglory (Ipomoea sp.), cocklebur (Xanthium sp.), sorghum, corn, soybean, rice, wheat and nutsedge tubers (Cyperus rotundus) were planted in a growth medium and treated pre-emergence with the chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. At the same time, cotton having five leaves (including cotyledonary ones), bush beans with the third trifoliolate leaf expanding, crabgrass, barnyardgrass and wild oats with two leaves, cassia with three leaves (including cotyledonary ones), morningglory and cocklebur with four leaves (including the cotyledonary ones), sorghum and corn with four leaves, soybean with two cotyledonary leaves, rice with three leaves, wheat with one leaf, and nutsedge with three to five leaves were sprayed. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for sixteen days, whereupon all species were compared to controls and visually rates for response to treatment.

The ratings are based on a numerical scale extending from 0=no injury, to 10=complete kill. The accompanying descriptive symbols have the following meanings:

C=chlorosis/necrosis;

D=defoliation;

E=emergence inhibition;

G=growth retardation;

H=formative effects;

I=increased chlorophyl;

S=albinism;

U=unusual pigmentation;

X=axillary stimulation; and

6Y=abscised buds or flowers.

The ratings for the compounds tested by this procedure are presented in Table A.

Some of the compounds included in this table, e.g. compounds 1, 3, 4 and 6, were relatively inactive at the very low rates of applications selected, i.e. 0.05 kg/ha. It can reasonably be expected that they would have performed better at higher treatment levels.

Two plastic bulb pans were filled with fertilized and limed Fallsington silt loam soil. One pan was planted with corn, sorghum, Kentucky bluegrass and several grass weeds. The other pan was planted with cotton, soybeans, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and several broadleaf weeds. The following grassy and broadleaf weeds were planted: crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), wild oats (Avena fatua), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii), cheatgrass (Bromus secalinus), mustard (Brassica arvensis), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), cassia (Cassia tora), teaweed (Sida spinosa), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). A 12.5 cm diameter plastic pot was also filled with prepared soil and planted with rice and wheat. Another 12.5 cm pot was planted with sugar beets. The above four containers were treated pre-emergence with several test compounds within the scope of the invention.

Twenty-eight days after treatment, the plants were evaluated and visually rated for response to the chemical treatments utilizing the rating system described previously for Test A. The data are summarized in Table B. Note that certain compounds have relative tolerance for wheat.

Twenty-five cm diameter plastic pots filled with Fallsington slit loam were planted with soybeans, cotton, alfalfa, corn, rice, wheat, sorghum, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), Cassia (Cassia tora), morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), crabgrass (Digitaria sp.), nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii) and wild oats (Avena fatua). Approximately 21/2 weeks after planting, the young plants and the soil around them were sprayed overall with the test chemicals dissolved in a non-phytotoxic solvent. Two weeks after treatment, all species were compared to untreated controls and visually rated for response to treatment. The rating system was as described previously for Test A. The data are presented in Table C. Note that one compound is especially tolerant to alfalfa.