Biopsy Needle

This application is also related to Biopsy Needle, Ser. No. 354,421, filed Mar. 3, 1982, assigned to the same assignee. This application is also related to Bone Marrow Aspiration Needle, Ser. No. 354,421, filed Dec. 24, 1981, assigned to the same assignee.

1. Field of the Invention--The present invention pertains to a surgical instrument and, more particularly, pertains to a bone marrow biopsy needle which can be either disposable or reusable.

2. Description of Prior Art--The prior art biopsy needles have all presented some type of drawbacks when used by the physician or surgeon, and which are particularly less than desirable. Some prior art instruments are disposable and cast with very few structural details attended to, with the result that the interlocking between the stylet and the cannula provides for considerable play and the instrument can come apart in the user's hands, resulting in injury not only to the patient but more so to the user by the sharp metal edges poking upwards into the physician's hands. Other prior art devices have some form of interlocking structure but the interlocking structure is not positive, resulting in play between the cannula and stylet during the process of incision into the patient resulting in considerable discomfort. Other types of prior art structures have numerous components which during surgery are not practical in utilization by the user due to the screwing and unscrewing of the fittings.

More importantly, all of the prior art devices have grips which do not really fit into the physician's hand to provide for positive gripping by the physician but have grips which are required to be engaged by the physician in a negative way making the process of biopsy as uncomfortable to the physician/surgeon using the biopsy needle as to the patient. The prior art has failed to recognize that the handles of a biopsy needle must securely engage into the physician's or surgeon's palm for optimum control of the instrument during a biopsy. It is also necessary that the stylet and cannula be engaged to each other during the biopsy process for providing total control to the physician or surgeon.

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of prior art references by providing a biopsy needle having a winged handle and detent locking between the stylet and cannula.

The general purpose of the present invention is to provide a bone marrow biopsy needle having a cannula and a stylet, both of which engage and interlock with respect to each other, and which can be conveniently grasped by the physician or surgeon in the palm of the hand to provide secure control during the biopsy process.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopsy needle having a cannula and stylet which interlock with each other, the cannula including a cannula having one end with at least one and preferably two formed members extending outwardly from the end, the other end having a swaged bevel ground and buffed tip providing sharp knife edges in the range of 30.degree.-45.degree. with respect to a molded housing, the molding housing molded about the formed members for securing thereto and including two vertically positioned hand wings of decreasing size extending outwardly therefrom, a button extending outwardly from an upward vertical member of reduced diameter with respect to the housing, and an internal bore extending through the housing to the top of the formed end of the cannula for accepting a syringe for drawing of bone marrow during the biopsy, and a stylet including one end having a bend for securing into a stylet cap and the other end having a beveled end in the range of 30.degree.-60.degree. and buffed to a polished end having a knife-sharp edge about the tip, the stylet cap secured about the bent end of the stylet and having a spring detent locking groove for engaging under and about the button of the cannula in a detented air-locking fashion, and an interior bore of a height to mate with the vertical member of the cannula and engage on the rim of the cannula formed between the housing and the vertical member whereby the stylet is engaged into the cannula housing and detent locks between the button on the cannula housing and the detent locking groove in the stylet cap providing for proper engagement between the knife-sharp edges of the cannula and the stylet, thereby providing for proper instrumentation during biopsy.

A significant aspect and feature of the present invention is a biopsy needle having wing-shaped handles facilitating gripping and engagement by the physician or surgeon user.

Another significant aspect and feature of the present invention is an interlocking stylet and cannula providing for not only interlocking of the structural members in a positive detent fashion but also predetermined orientation between the knife sharp edges of the cannula and the stylet. The interlocking structure also positions the stylet at a proper distance from the cannula, providing for consistent and secure biopsy surgery.

A further significant aspect and feature of the present invention is a bone marrow biopsy needle which can be constructed either as a disposable instrument or as a reusable instrument depending upon the type of molded material chosen for the cannula and stylet housings.

An additional significant aspect and feature of the present invention is a biopsy needle which can be constructed in different sizes for different sized individuals or for different applications.

Having described one embodiment of the present invention, it is the principal object hereof to provide a bone marrow biopsy needle including a cannula and stylet which interlock with each other. The disclosure also applies to needle structure per se, and is not to be construed as being limited to only biopsy needles, as other applications are inherent within the scope of this disclosure.

Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the figures thereof and wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a cannula and a stylet;

FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of the cannula;

FIG. 3 illustrates a sectional view of the stylet;

FIG. 4 illustrates a view of a biopsy needle including the engaged cannula and stylet; and,

FIG. 5 illustrates an enlarged section of the cannula and stylet knife-sharp edges oriented with respect to each other.

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a biopsy needle 10 having separated components of a cannula member 12 and a stylet member 14. The cannula member 12 includes a longitudinal cannula 16 having a sharp knife edge 18 which has been swaged, beveled, ground and buffed as later described in detail, formed ends 20a and 20b illustrated in FIG. 2 extending outwardly at an angular tubular relationship, a molded housing 22 of ABS material or the like having the shape as illustrated and having molded thereto left-hand wing 24 and right-hand wing 26, a vertical member 28 extending upwardly, an elongated button 30 extending outwardly, and a chamber 32 running vertically downward from the top of member 28 to the top of the cannula 16 as also illustrated in FIG. 3. The stylet member 14 includes a metal stylet 34 having a sharp edge 36 which has been ground, buffed and polished, a bent end 38 for securing into a molded cap 40, a detent locking groove 42 having a spring member 44 including positive locking member 46. A downward extending boss 48 extends downwardly internal to the cap 40 for engagement with a rim 28a of the cannula housing 22. Locking vertical grooves 50 are provided about the cap for engagement by physician or surgeon user, and a rounded top 52 is provided for an individual's hand.

FIG. 2, which illustrates a cross-sectional view of the cannula member 12, shows the particular detail of the formed ends 20a and 20b securing the cannula 16 into the housing 22 about the vertical chamber 32 which decreases from a large diameter to a small diameter in a lure taper, then to a chamfer, and finally to a diameter which is slightly larger than the internal diameter of the cannula 16 so that a syringe can be inserted into the chamber 32 to draw bone marrow up into the cannula. A probe can be utilized to freely push the bone marrow out through the formed end of the cannula and onto a slide, without damaging or distorting the bone marrow. The detent button 30 and the rim 28a provide for engagement of the stylet member 14 in proper predetermined orientation. The particular detail of the tip 18 of the cannula is also illustrated providing that the angle between the vertical plane and the tip is in the range of 30.degree.-45.degree. and preferably 35.degree. plus or minus 5.degree.. The angle between the edge of the cannula and the vertical plane is 131/2.degree. plus or minus 1.degree.. This tip structure 18 is obtained through swaging, beveling and grinding, and buffing to provide for a consistent tip for ease of surgery during the biopsy in a process later described in detail.

FIG. 3 illustrates a sectional view of the stylet member 14 where all numerals correspond to those elements previously described. The end of the stylet has an angle between horizontal and the edge of 45.degree. plus or minus 2.degree. while the angle may be in the range of 30.degree.-60.degree.. The tip is buffed and polished to maintain a sharp knife edge. The upper end 38 of the stylet 34 is bent for securing into the cap 40.

FIG. 4 illustrates the biopsy needle 10 of the present invention where the stylet member 14 is engaged and interlocked to the cannula member 12. The detent button 30 provides for locking of the members 12 and 14 together by engagement through the groove 42, and up and over the spring member 44 into the positive locking detent 46. A spring member 44 provides a positive sensory digital feedback signal that the members are engaged where button 30 resides in the chamber area of positive locking member 46. The button 30 and positive locking chamber 46 always provide that the knife edges 18 of the cannula 16 and 36 of the stylet 34 are always oriented with respect to each other as illustrated in the figure, and as also illustrated in FIG. 5, providing least minimum effort on the physician's/surgeon's part during the biopsy surgery. The boss 48 of the stylet member 14 seats the stylet onto the cannula at a proper predetermined distance and provides for the orientation of the knife edges. The beveled tips of the stylet and cannula provide for the proper cutting action through the bone due to the wedge action of the tips. The particular angles of the wedges and orientation with respect to each other is one of the keys to obtaining a suitable bone marrow sample during the biopsy process. The contour of the handles 24 and 26 and the winged configuration provide for positive feel to the physician/surgeon during the biopsy. The formed ends 20a and 20b secure the cannula 16 into the housing 22, and maintain round configuration of the cannula tube end 16 in the housing 22, providing for passage of a sample without damaging or distorting the sample.

The end 18 of the cannula 16 is processed according to the predetermined relationship set forth below where:

offset=1/2 (tan (bevel angle).tan(tip angle).(I.D.)) and where I.D. is internal diameter of the cannula 16 and offset is the distance between the grinding centerline and the cannula tube centerline.

In processing the cannula, first the cannula is formed at the housing end and then swaged over a mandrel to a predetermined internal diameter over a predetermined length from the lower end. Then the cannula is eccentrically rotated about the offset centerline and ground at the same time to achieve the 35.degree. plus or minus 5.degree. tip angle in conjunction with 131/2.degree. plus or minus 1.degree. chamfer beveled angle. The beveling of the edge is done at specific orientation to the housing as illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawing to obtain the predetermined result. After the rotating and grinding operation, the end is buffed and blended to the sharp knife edge for achieving the product by process as illustrated in FIG. 5.

Various modifications to the biopsy needle of the present invention can be made without departing from the apparent scope thereof. The disclosure is applicable to generic needles and is not to be construed as being limited to biopsy needles. The disclosure is applicable to attachment on a needle to structure in general and for forming a predetermined tip at the end of the needle.