Patient Treating Mattress

It is known to treat patients for decubitus ulcers, bed sores, etc. with a mattress having alternatingly inflatable structures on the mattress for providing alternating support areas for the patient. Some of these mattresses include holes in a top of the mattress for venting a portion of the inflating gas, such as air, to further treat the patient. Examples of such mattresses are described in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. Armstrong, 2,998,817; Glass, 3,467,081; Lapidus 3,653,083; and Tringali et al, 4,197,837, all of which have ventilating openings. Examples of patient treating pads without ventilation openings are described in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. Bates et al, 2,896,612; Grant, 3,199,124; and Whitney, 3,701,173.

A major problem with prior patient treatment mattresses on the market which had alternatingly inflatable structures was their tendency to "crawl" during use. This crawling was also aggravated by movement of the patient upon the mattress. Some such mattresses after a period of time were found to be sticking out the side of the patient's bed with the patients almost being unsupported by the treatment mattress. The reason for this problem is not fully understood, but it is believed that the sequential inflation and deflation of portions of the mattress acts somewhat like raising and lowering alternating feet of a multi-legged caterpillar or worm causing such caterpillar to "crawl." The exposed surface of these mattresses were usually of a thermoplastic film material, and the outer surface of such thermoplastic film may also contribute to a very small, almost imperceptible sliding motion of the inflated structures on the mattress during each inflation and deflation cycle.

To overcome the "crawling" problem, the manufacturers of alternatingly inflatable patient support mattresses have utilized expensive, full width end extensions of the mattresses, such as shown at 16 in Grant, 3,199,124, for folding over and tucking under the complete width of a conventional mattress upon which the patient treatment mattress rests. Such end extensions, which have been made of a very thick plastic material for firm control, cause the patient treating mattress to be very expensive, thus necessitating the recleaning of the mattress for use with many different patients. Current mattresses on the market cannot be economically disposed of after a single patient use as is highly desirable to reduce the chance of cross-contamination between patients.

It should be noted that different kind of pads, such as shown in the Gammons et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,149,541, do not have the "crawl" problem because they do not alternately inflate different passages. Instead, such pads are continuously inflated with a circulating liquid and there is no sequential inflation and deflation of adjoining sections. A fabric layer on such continuously inflated pads is primarily for comfort at patient's skin contact or for retaining a liquid on the surface for hot or cold liquid therapy.

The applicants have unexpectedly found that "crawl" can be substantially reduced by the incorporation of a crawl resistant layer, such as a nonwoven fabric, on at least one external surface of the thermoplastic panels forming the mattress. Preferably, this crawl resistant layer is secured directly to a panel that has nonlinear passages, such as zigzag or intersecting T-shapes, in a portion of the mattress adapted to support the major weight of the patient. In one form of the invention, the inflatable passages are separated along a central portion of the mattress so that inflated protruding sections of the mattress can more readily conform to the contour of a patient's body. The mattress is formed of panels sealed together, and either one or both of the panels can be performed by vacuum or pressure molding. Such molding during the manufacture of the mattress causes a flexible protruding pattern on such panel to provide less strain at the sealed areas between the panels forming the mattress. This construction for a patient treatment mattress is intended for one-patient use. It is also suitable for mattresses incorporating thicker plastic panel members intended for multi-patient use.

FIG. 1 is an exploded side elevational view of a bed with the patient treatment mattress;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary prospective view showing the contour of a patient supporting section of the mattress;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view showing a second embodiment of the patient supporting area of the mattress with inflatable passages separated by cuts in the mattress;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the first embodiment of the mattress showing a zigzag pattern of the inflation channels;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of a third embodiment of the mattress showing the inflation passages being formed with interconnecting T-shapes;

FIG. 7 is a reduced top plan view showing the mattress of the second embodiment with separations between inflation channels;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 7; and

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along an inflation passage of the mattress showing an alternate embodiment in which crawl resistant layers are bonded to both top and bottom of the mattress.

In the exploded view of FIG. 1, a bed 1 is shown supporting a conventional mattress 2. Superimposed upon conventional mattress 2 is a patient treating mattress 3 over which lies a porous gas ventilating diffusion pad 4. Pad 4 can be of an open cell foam material.

During use the patient treatment mattress 3 can be secured to corners of the conventional mattress 2 by corner loops 5 and 6. Preferably, these loops are on each of the four corners of the patient treatment mattress. As will be explained later, the reduced crawl tendency of the present invention eliminates the need for the elongated end flaps of prior patient treatment pads that wrapped around ends of the conventional mattress 2 across the entire width of the mattress in an effort to stabilize the patient treatment mattress. Prior attempts to use less than the expensive end flaps with marketed patient treatment mattresses resulted in excessive crawl or mobility of the mattress beneath the patient.

The patient treatment mattress 3 has at least two sets of independent massaging passages that are alternately inflated by a pumping means designated at 10 which can be energized by an electrical source through cord 11. In FIG. 1, a tube 12 is inflating passages, such as 13 and 14, in the patient treatment mattress. During this cycle of inflation, the set of passages connecting with tube 15 are in a deflated mode.

In the first embodiment of the mattress shown in FIG. 2, passages 13 and 14 are shown in inflated condition with a passage 18 located therebetween being in deflated condition. The passages 13 and 14 have left and right bends which preferably extend over the entire area of the surface, but most importantly in the area to support the major weight of the patient, such as the buttocks area. When the passages 13 and 14 are inflated, upstanding ridges form in a top panel 20 of the patient treatment mattress and a corresponding downwardly extending ridge protrudes from a bottom panel 21. Panels 20 and 21 can be of thermoplastic material having a thickness in the range of 0.003 to 0.020 inch. A mattress of polyurethane material in which the bottom layer is 0.005 inch thick and a top layer of 0.009 inch thick works very well for an economical, reliable, disposable mattress.

Secured to a bottom surface of bottom panel 21 is a crawl resistant layer 22 which can be a nonwoven fabric. It has been found in actual practice that the nonwoven fabric layer 22 tends to reduce the "crawling" of the mattress when the passages 13 and 14 are alternately inflated and deflated in an opposite manner to passage 18. In this first embodiment, the passages have both left and right bends and form a zigzag configuration as shown in FIG. 2. During inflation of the respective sets of passages, vent holes such as 24 and 25 permit a portion of the inflating gas, such as air, to ventilate the patient through the porous pad 4. If desired, vertical holes could be through both top and bottom panels, such as shown as 24 and 24a of FIG. 3, so the mattress could be reversible.

In FIG. 4, the full top view of the mattress of the first embodiment is shown with the passages having left and right bends. First and second manifold sections 28 and 29 extending longitudinally along opposed edges of the mattress are formed by top and bottom panels of the mattress. These manifold sections connect respectively to separate sets of the inflatable passages extending transversely across the mattress. Connecting ports 30 and 31 connect to the manifold respectively and join through tubes 12 and 15 (not shown in FIG. 4) to the pumping means 10. In FIG. 4, three rows of vent holes are shown in the patient treatment mattress.

In the enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG. 5, the operation of the mattress is shown in more detail. Here the crawl resistant layer 22 alternately changes its pressure contact with the conventional supporting mattress 2 as different sets of the passages are inflated and deflated in sequence. This crawl resistant layer 22 is believed to help prevent the very minute lateral sliding with each inflation and deflation cycle and thus support the mattress in a stable manner beneath the patient through numerous inflation and deflation cycles. A crawl resistant layer, such as 22, can also be sealed to the upper surface of panel 20, but here such crawl resistant layer must be sufficiently porous to permit exit of gas through holes 24 and 25 when it is desired to use a ventilating type patient treatment mattress. Such upper crawl resistant layer is shown at 35 in FIG. 9. Crawl resistant layer 35 can have a porosity either through natural openings or through formed perforations for passing ventilating gas through crawl resistant layer 35.

In a second embodiment of the invention, the applicants have unexpectedly found that "crawl" can be reduced by forming a separation, such as 36 and 37 of FIG. 3, between inflatable passages 38 and 39. Thus, the individual inflatable passages and the respective ridges they create can move independently of each other for more readily conforming to the contour of a patient's body. This separation between the inflatable passags can be made by a cut through the top and bottom panels at the time the top and bottom panels are heat sealed to each other through a fusion process. FIG. 7 shows a mattress with inflatable passages having a few left and right bends with separations between the passages designated at 36 and 37. These separation areas can be formed by a simple cut, which is preferred, or if desired, material can be removed from these separation areas to form a wider spacing as shown in FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 8, the inflation of a particular passage tends to create a substantial peeling stress on a heat seal between the top and bottom panels of the mattress. This peeling stress occurs with each inflation cycle along inner edges of the heat seals because the top and bottom panels were of originally flat material at the time of forming the heat seal. This peeling stress can be reduced by vacuum or pressure forming the top and bottom panels into the general configuration of flexible ridges shown in the mattresses described in this application.

FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the mattress in which a manifold 50 and a manifold 51 with left and right bends interconnect to separate sets of inflatable passages such as indicated at 52 and 53. Here each passage has left and right bends forming a backbone ridge system as shown in dotted line at 54 in FIG. 6. Interconnecting rib ridges, such as 55 and 56, communicate with the backbone ridge system to form the pattern of interconnecting T-shaped passages. In this embodiment, as well as the first and second embodiments, the inflation passages have boundaries which define a generally uniform width, although not linear, of the passages so that a ridge that is inflated has a sufficiently uniform height so as to form an elongated crest system for supporting the patient.

In the foregoing description, specific examples have been used to describe this invention. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art that certain modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.