US 4,440,986 AGrant
Microprocessor Controller for Simultaneously Controlling a PBX and Providing Multiple User Access for General Purpose Data Processing
Issue Date:1984-04-03
•25 Claims
•17 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A microprocessor controller has a central processor, including a microprocessor, to centrally control a PBX and also provide general processor capability to a plurality of data terminals. Any typical centrally controlled PBX design which processes and switches telephone calls between a plurality of trunk ports and a plurality of line ports, as is known in the art, may be connected to applicant's controller with the program control for same loaded into a dedicated PBX memory of the microprocessor controller. A supervisory program controls the microprocessor's processing time by dividing it into slices which are allocated to the various data ports and the PBX portion, with provision for interrupting and aborting time slots not calling for processor time to ensure efficient and reliable operation of the PBX. Each of up to six data ports is allocated a partition of memory and access to other partitions is denied to preserve the integrity and confidentiality of data and programs stored by each data port. A command terminal connection is provided and the supervisory program allows the command terminal to access all of the processor's memory, including the partitioned data port memory and the PBX memory, so that changes and monitoring of processor use may be made by a limited group of personnel having access thereto. The command terminal also provides ready access for troubleshooting of equipment failure in any portion of the controller.
Metadata
Assignee
- Douglas; Walter L.
Inventor
- John T. Thorson
Application Information
Application Number:US 200965&
Filing Date:1980-10-27
Priority Date:1979-02-21
Art Unit:214
Classifications
IPC:
H04M 1100H04Q 354
Field of Search:
1793703403642 DP;18 ES;18 AD;2 CA85;62;66;79;80;91152 R;154;825.27;870.01200;900
Patent Drawings (17 sheets)
Description
There has been rapid change and innovation in the design of private automatic branch exchanges (PABX, PBX) and this has been partially caused by the virtually exploding technology in the art of electronic components. Since the first electronic switching PBX, practically every new development in the art of electronic components lends itself to a new design for an electronic PBX. However, there is always some delay between the introduction of a new electronic device and its used in a PBX because of its relatively high cost when it is first manufactured, as well as the design time required to incorporate the new device into a PBX design. As a PBX manufacturer generally has an existing design, new electronic technology is not always used to its best advantage but instead is merely substituted for an existing circuit which takes some advantage of it without going through a complete redesign. Hence, many PBXs have evolved which incorporate successive levels of new technology but which are locked into an old approach to solving the problem of telephone communication switching and which therefore make poor use of the power and capability of new electronic technology.
To take full advantage of the power and capability of medium scale and large scale integration it is necessary to group logic and memory functions so that a single chip might be used in the place of individual components. This led to a trend in designs having distributed logic and memories at each port of a PBX and some sort of central logic which is accessed as called for by the port logic and memory. This minimizes the complexity of central logic which was in keeping with the state of the art in medium scale and large scale integration type logic devices. It has only been recently with the development of the microprocessor that it has become economically feasible to concentrate all the logic and memory for the processing of telephone communications into a central processor. These computer controlled branch exchanges (CBX) are known in the art. However, with a central processor consisting of a microprocessor a much greater effort is required to develop a software package than is required with the distributed memory tape of PBX. This software effort adds significantly to the already higher cost of a new hardware design for a CBX, and while the customer may be provided with extra features and benefits, it is generally considered that the distributed memory tape PBX provides adequate features at a significant cost savings. Thus, the CBX has met with only limited acceptance.
Concurrently with the sophisticiation of the PBX, the general public has grown to accept the concept of personalized and individualized computers for use both in small businesses and in the home. This general acceptance of the computer has led to the ever expanding market of business applications for the computer. Every year, smaller and smaller businesses are finding that they can economically take advantage of a computer in operating their business. Various tasks such as accounting, payroll, inventory control, routing of shipments, sales reporting, intermediate profit and loss statements, cost controls, etc. are efficiently and quickly handled by a computer. In addition, once a business starts using a computer, it soon finds that its needs for processing capability rapidly increase as its managers learn new and better ways to utilize the powers of the computer to aid them in making management decisions. What is at first considered a luxury soon becomes a necessity to successfully compete against competitors who also have the advantage of a computer.
I have succeeded in inventing a microprocessor controller which is a radical departure from the distributed memory type of design, and which solves the cost problem experienced in CBX equipment by providing a general purpose computer to the businessman. Indeed, my microprocessor controller generally represents a substantial savings over the combined cost of a separate PBX or CBX and a mini or micro computer system with software support. This increased capability can be provided in the same physical equipment size as a CBX or PBX and installed in the same telephone equipment room. The customer then need only add peripheral equipment to access the microprocessor. A unique programming technique provides both a PBX program and a supervisory program to service a plurality of input/output terminals on a time sharing basis with program controls to ensure satisfactory operation of the PBX equipment, even under the heaviest traffic patterns.
In my preferred embodiment, up to six external users may access the central processor on a time sharing basis at the same time and the supervisory program provides the necessary control to ensure that the PBX operation is not significantly impaired and that switching of lines or trunks is not unduly delayed. The supervisory program partitions the memory and limits the access each data port has to the processor's memory so that, for example, the engineering department would not have access to the payroll records which may be in another partition of memory specifically assigned to the accounting department data port. This preserves the confidentiality of program information and data files to deter computer theft. Also, this eliminates the possibility of an external user accessing the PBX program and inadvertently interrupting the PBX operation, or even erasing portions of the PBX program.
A command terminal is provided which has unlimited access to both the PBX portion and the external user partitions of memory so that changes and modifications may be made to the PBX program (such as for class of service changes) and the activities of each of the data ports can be monitored. The control allowed the command terminal is dependent upon the particular software controls employed. The command terminal may be used to terminate programs that are being processed, erase programs in the library of any particular data port, modify any partition memory including deleting data files, and deny access to off-line memory granted to a data port by the supervisory program, i.e. such as in a floppy disc. In my preferred embodiment, the command terminal must be attached to a connector inside the equipment cabinet. Access to the command terminal may then be limited by physically locking the telephone equipment room or by locking the machine hardware cabinet closed. However, the command terminal may be programmed for any other data port to suit the needs of the particular installation.
In the preferred embodiment, space is provided for increasing the memory size by the addition of up to eight printed circuit boards, each of which can accommodate either 16K of PROM or 4K of RAM memory. This additional memory capacity is beyond the 8K of PROM and 1K of RAM memory provided on the microprocessing unit printed circuit board of MPU board which includes the microprocessor. The amount of extra memory that can be accommodated is dependent upon the addressing capability of the microprocessor and as the size and power of microprocessors increase in the future, it is anticipated that memory packages will be provided having greater densities which can be utilized. In addition, various addressing schemes can be used, i.e. such as paging, or the use of folded memory to increase the size of available memory for each partition assigned to a data port and thereby significantly increase the programming capability.
An assembly language, such as BASIC, may be provided in a commonly accessible memory location and a repertoire of sub-routines may be programmed into the supervisory program to increase the programming power. In order to ensure complete partitioning, it may be desirable to dump the assembly language into the partitioned memory when called for before a data port is permitted to begin programming. This would increase the memory requirements and an addressing scheme such as mentioned above could be used along with higher density memories.
Thus, my invention of a stored program controlled microprocessor controller provides a central program control for a PBX and also provides a general purpose computer which is accessible on a time sharing basis by a plurality of data ports, all in an economically priced package which is ideally suited to the small business. These and other advantages are more fully explained in the drawings and description of the preferred embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 depicts the system block diagram;
FIGS. 2A-2C depict the MPU printed circuit board including the microprocessor and memory;
FIGS. 3A-3C depict a 16K PROM printed circuit board;
FIGS. 4A-4C depict a 4K RAM printed circuit board;
FIGS. 5A-5D depict a serial interface input/output printed circuit board with four data ports;
FIGS. 6A-6B depict an interface printed circuit board for connection of a disc drive and other peripherals;
FIGS. 7A-7B depict a PBX interface printed circuit board with buffering and signal conditioning to interface the microprocessor controller with a typical PBX;
FIG. 8 is a chart explaining the allocation of processing time.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As shown in FIG. 1, my microprocessor controller 20 is particularly suited to modular construction, and each element in the system may be mounted on a printed circuit board and the entire system rack mounted in a shelf in the same equipment rack as any typical electronic PBX 39. Each shelf may be designed to accept a common number of printed circuit boards, such as 17, and each element of the system may be assigned to one or more slots in the shelf. For instance, slot 1 may be assigned to a ring generator PBX board (not shown) which would generate a ring signal or busy signal to the line ports as controlled by the microprocessor controller 20. A second board slot may be assigned to a paging printed circuit board (not shown) which would provide the necessary addressing logic to expand the memory addressable by the controller 20. The third board slot may be assigned to the microprocessing unit (MPU) printed circuit board 22. The command terminal 24 is shown as directly accessing the MPU board 22 for security purposes. However, the command terminal 24 may be connected to any input/output data port if the software addressing is adjusted accordingly. An example of a typical device suitable for use as a command terminal is Catalog No. D-311 manufactured by Informer, Inc., although other devices could be used as well, as is known in the art. Slots 4-11 may be assigned for additional memory in the form of either 16K PROM printed circuit boards 26 or 4K RAM printed circuit boards 28. In my preferred embodiment, seven 4K RAM boards and one 16K PROM board are provided. I disclose and describe these particular configurations although other configurations are possible and would be limited only by the available technology and the addressing capabilities of the central processor. Slots 12, 13 and 14 may be assigned to serial input/output data PC boards 30. As shown, operator consoles 32 which serve as the main control for the PBX and various peripheral input devices 34 may be selectively connected to these input/output data boards 30. Slot 15 may be assigned to an interface PC board 36. As shown, a disc memory unit 38 may be connected to interface PC board 36 and provides an expanded moderate speed memory which may be partitioned for each of the peripheral input devices 34. Also, the interface PC board 36 may provide driving connection to various peripheral devices required for PBX operation. A PBX interface PC board 40 may be assigned to slot 16 and provide the necessary buffering and signal conditioning of command signals for interconnection to an extended bus way in a centrally controlled PBX. As is known in the art, a PBX 39 includes a switching network 41 for selectively connecting a plurality of trunk lines 43 connected to the network 41 at a plurality of trunk ports 45, to a plurality of telephone extensions 47 connected to a plurality of line ports 49. Slot 17 may be assigned to a common timing and buffering board (not shown) to generate timing signals logic decode for PAM or PCM operation and also provide another layer of buffering between the extended bus way and the microprocessor controller 20 which controls the PBX.
As disclosed, the microprocessor controller may consist of a plurality of printed circuit boards, each of which performs a specified function and all of which are mounted in a shelf with specific slots assigned for interconnection. This modular shelf of PC boards can be easily rack mounted on an existing PBX or provided as part of a centrally controlled PBX all within the same cabinet. As is further described below, my controller includes sufficient interfacing and protection of its circuits to permit its use with any PBX setup for central computer control where the address and data bits of information are distributed throughout the system to control both trunk ports for incoming Bell Telephone Company trunk lines and line ports for connection to telephone sets distributed throughout the particular installation. The features and options and method of controlling the PBX switching is selected through software, and my controller is adapted to be operated with almost any imaginable software package for controlling a PBX using various kinds of telecommunication techniques including PAM, PCM, and others.
I will now describe in further detail each of the modular elements of his system. Each modular element corresponds to a PC board and typical electronic component type members are shown in the drawings, although equivalent devices may be used.
MPU Board
As shown in FIGS. 2A-C, the MPU printed circuit board includes a microprocessor 42, such as a Motorola.TM. MC6800, with an eight bit data bus 44 and a sixteen bit address bus 46. A total of four 2K PROM memories 48 and a pair of 1K by four bit RAM memories 50 are mounted to the board and provide a base memory. A two megahertz clock 52 and a twenty millisecond timing circuit 54 provide timing pulses for use by microprocessor 42. A serial input/output port 56 may be strapped to baud rate generator 57 through option strap 58 and standard input circuitry 60 extends between port 56 and strap connector 62 to provide a connection point for the command terminal 24. Input circuitry 60 as is known in the art and option strap 62 may be jumpered as appropriate to select a baud rate for the type of data source used as the command terminal 24. Input circuitry 60 will accommodate data from either a TTY, or RS232 data source.
An address decoder 64 along with inverters 66 and 68 provide a control signal to access the 4K RAMs 50. Similarly, an address decoder 70 provides a control signal for the 2K PROM memories 48. An option strap 72, option strap 74, and decoder 76 provide multiple connections to accommodate the address decoding for different sized PROM memories. A third address decoder 78 develops the EXIO control signal to preselect a portion of memory and minimize the number of address bits which must be distributed to other printed circuit boards in the controller. A bi-directional buffer 80 is provided in the data bus 44 and acts as a termination point on the MPU PC board 22. Similarly, a unidirectional buffer 82 is provided as a termination point for the address bus 46 as well as the bus 84 distributing the r/w signal and the VMA .phi.2 bus 86. Both buffers 80 and 82 may be inhibited to prevent spurious signals from passing therethrough. The incoming portion of the data buffer 80 is inhibited by an inhibit receive circuit 88 which is activated whenever microprocessor 42 reads from a PROM 48 or RAM 50 memory located on the MPU boards 22. Data buffer 80 is inhibited in the write direction whenever the microprocessor 42 reads, causing r/w to go high. Address buffer 82 is inhibited whenever the microprocessor 42 is cycled off as in a DMA grant mode. Also included are several power supplies 90 to provide voltage sources, as required. Other connections are provided as shown and labeled as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
16K PROM Board
The 16K PROM board 26 as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C provides additional memory to the microprocessor 42 and includes eight 2K PROM chips 92, an eleven bit address bus 94, an eight bit data bus 96, and a three bit power bus 98. An address decoder 100 uses three bits of address data to select one of four possible PROM boards 26 and a second address decoder 102 uses three bits of address data to select one of eight PROM chips 92 on the PROM board 26. A data buffer 104 and an address buffer 106 are provided to terminate the data bus 96 and address bus 94 respectively. The data buffers 104 are selectively inhibited by the inhibit gates 108 until the board select decoder 100 produces a pulse corresponding to the microprocessor 42 accessing the particular PROM board 26.
4K RAM PC Board
The 4K RAM board 28 as shown in FIGS. 4A-4C includes a board select decoder 110 using four bits of address data to select one of sixteen boards. A row select address decoder 112 uses two bits of address data to select one of four rows. There are thirty-two 1 bit 1K chips 114, each of which stores one bit of an eight bit byte of a data word. Data buffers 116 are provided along with a r/w inhibit circuit 118 to selectively isolate the chips 114 and allow data flow only in the read or write direction, as selected.
Serial Input/Output Data Board
The serial input/output data board 30 as shown in FIGS. 5A-5D contains four bi-directional data ports 120 each of which can convert serial input data to parallel format and parallel output data to serial format to permit a peripheral device having a serial format to communicate with the microprocessor 42. A board address decoder 122 generates a control signal when the specific board is addressed with address bits A3-A7 and EXIO. A data buffer 124 is provided and an inhibit gate 126 selectively enables data buffer 124 in response to a r/w signal and a board select signal. An interface circuit 128 is provided at each data port 120 and has selectable strapping to accommodate data from either a TTY, RS232, or TTL source, as is known in the art. Also, a baud rate generator 130 and option strap 131 permit the selection of a data rate corresponding to the data source at each data port 120. An IRQ circuit 133 conditions an interrupt request from any of the data ports 120 when data conditions exist which require immediate microprocessor 42 attention. At least one telephone operator's console (32 in FIG. 1) may be connected to one of the data ports 120 and used to centrally control the PBX portion of the controller 20. As mentioned above, up to three serial input/output data boards 30 may be provided in my preferred embodiment.
Interface Board
The interface board 36 as shown in FIGS. 6A-6B includes two data ports 132 and interface circuitry 134 for a disc type memory including disc data circuitry 136, disc command circuitry 138, and disc monitoring circuitry 140. A plurality of relay drivers 142 are also provided to operate relays in place of the hook switch on the operator's console 32 and night bells for the PBX. Data buffer 144 is provided and an inhibit gate 146, which operates similarly to those previously described. A board select address decoder 148 generates a control signal, as before, and an IRQ circuit 150 issues the IRQ signals generated by the data port 132.
The PBX Interface Board
The PBX interface board 40 as shown in FIGS. 7A-7B may be assigned to slot 16 and provides buffering and signal conditioning to interface my controller 20 with various designs of PBXs. For some PBX designs, it might not be necessary to include a PBX interface board 40 as the buffering and signal conditioning may be provided on the input side of the PBX or may not be required. The circuitry shown will accommodate a typical PBX and is described for illustration only.
Included in the board are two address latches 152 which stabilize the address information and allow it to remain available to the PBX for an extended length of time. An address decoder 154 preselects one of four groups of what may be shelfs or trunk ports or line ports. For example, four bits of address data may be used to select one of sixteen shelves (MA6-MA9), two bits of address data may be used to select which group of sixteen out of sixty-four shelves (control signals SB0-SB3), four bits of address data to select one of sixteen boards in a shelf (MA2-MA5), one bit of address data to select one of two ports on a board (MA1), and one bit of address data to select one of two sub-functions at that port (MA0).
Similarly, two data latches 156 stabilize the data for writing into two data buffers 158. Data buffers 158 and address latches 152 are enabled to permit the transmission of data therethrough. As data is transmitted in both the read and write direction on the data bus, bus ways 160 bypass data latches 156 in the read mode which eliminates the requirement of enabling signals for data latches 156. An address decoder 162 decodes four bits of address data to enable the signal conditioning circuit 164 only when the microprocessor 42 is reading or writing data into the PBX circuit downstream of the PBX interface board 40. The output of address decoder 162 is inverted by inverter 166 which provides one of the primary inputs into signal conditioning circuit 164. The other primary input is taken from the r/w signal generated by the microprocessor 42. Inverter 166 output is used directly to enable address latches 152. Signal conditioning circuit 164 utilizes the output of inverter 166 and the r/w signal and the output of inverter 168 which inverts the r/w signal to produce a master select signal of read or write and a master strobe signal which are output on busses 170 and 172 respectively.
The master write signal and strobe signal are produced as follows. A negative pulse is input to inverter 168 which produces a positive pulse output to one input of AND gate 174. The other input of AND gate 174 is a positive pulse from inverter 166 which is produced as a result of a proper address to address decoder 162. AND gate 174 outputs a negative pulse to trigger flip flop 176 and produce a negative pulse on bus 170. Simultaneously, flip flop 176 outputs a positive pulse to enable data buffers 158 over bus 178. Also simultaneously, output of AND gate 174 is inverted by inverter 180 and fed into two timed Schmitt triggers 182 and 184. The first Schmitt trigger 182 provides a 200 to 250 nanosecond delay and its output is used to enable data latches 156, so that both data latches 156 and data buffers 158 are enabled in the write condition. The second Schmitt trigger 182 provides a 1.1 microsecond delay which produces a negative pulse to NOR gate 186, producing a positive output to inverter 188 which in turn produces a negative pulse output to master select A along bus 172. Thus, signal conditioning circuit 164 produces a negative write latch signal along bus 170 and a write strobe signal of limited duration along bus 172 while enabling data latches 156, data buffers 158, and address latches 152.
In the read mode, the read signal is input to AND gate 190 along with the output of inverter 166 which turns on AND gate 190, thereby producing a negative pulse output to NOR gate 186 which in turn produces a negative pulse strobe signal through inverter 188 along bus 172. A read pulse is produced by Schmitt trigger 192 whose input is the output of inverter 166. Schmitt trigger 192 triggers flip flop 176 to produce a positive going pulse along bus 170 and also provide a positive input to AND gate 194. The other positive input is provided by the output of inverter 166 and AND gate 194 produces a negative pulse to enable the data buffers 158 along the read enable bus 196. Thus, signal conditioning circuit 164 produces a positive read pulse along bus 170, a read strobe along bus 172, and a read enable signal to data buffers 158 along bus 196.
I have also included on this board a protective circuit to cause a master reset of the entire controller 20 should a write signal fail to occur approximately once every 42 milliseconds. This failure would indicate that there was a microprocessor 42 malfunction as a microprocessor 42 is more apt to "stick" in the read condition instead of the write condition which would therefore cause a period of time longer than 42 milliseconds to occur between write signals. As shown, this protective circuit 198 has an input of a master bus reset signal which is used to reset address latches 152 and data latches 156 after being conditioned by inverters 200. Schmitt trigger 202 switches on transistor 204 in response to each bus reset signal which provides a discharge path for capacitor 206 through resistor 208. With a time constant of approximately half a second, capacitor 208 will not discharge, as a bus reset pulse occurs much more frequently than every half a second. Capacitor 206 keeps transistors 210 and 212 turned on and a voltage across resistor 214 so that Schmitt trigger 216 maintains a negative signal into the negative input gate of one shot 218. Negative write pulses are input to one shot 220 which has a time constant of approximately 42 milliseconds. Thus, if a negative write pulse is input more often than once every 42 milliseconds, the timing circuit of one shot 220 does not time out and an output pulse will never be produced by one shot 220. However, should the microprocessor 42 stick in the read mode, then one shot 220 would produce an output pulse which would trigger one shot 218 and turn transistor 222 on and cause a master reset signal back on the MPU board 22. This protective circuit as well as others may be easily included in the PBX interface board 40 to suit any particular application.
Operation
As disclosed, my microprocessor controller includes a central processor with memory and necessary interface circuitry which is suitable for stored program control. One portion of the software package would control the PBX portion of the computer's tasks including switching, connecting, and necessary processing of telephone communications including generating and decoding of dial pulses and control tones and the necessary logic to provide the desired optional features in a PBX, as is known in the art. Additionally, program control is required to set up a time sharing capability between the six input/output data ports and the associated functions including partitioning of memory to limit access to memory locations, provision of an interpretive language such as BASIC, and other necessary functions, as is known in the art. These individual sections of program control must be combined in a manner so as to ensure continuous and reliable operation of the PBX portion of the device while also making time available to the individual data ports so that processing times are not unduly long. To provide access to both the PBX portion and the time sharing portion of the programs, I have provided a guarded connector to which a command terminal may be connected and the supervisory program control includes further non-obvious program keys or programmer's labels which, if known to the operator, permit the command terminal to gain access, modify, delete, and add to the individual partitions of memory assigned to each input/output terminal as well as the PBX data and file information, such as would be required to change automatic billing, class of service, etc. By locating the command terminal connector inside the controller cabinet, greater security and confidentiality may be ensured to prevent computer theft and fraud or even the inadvertent tampering with what should be inaccessible data, such as the PBX program. As the command terminal is given its powers by the software package, my device can accommodate a command terminal at any port by merely changing the supervisory program accordingly. The command terminal may also be used to troubleshoot any equipment failures and provides ready access at the equipment location for the serviceman as is desirable in troubleshooting equipment.
Although various kinds of supervisory programs may be developed to suit particular installations, I have devised a unique approach to allocating the processing time of the central processor which ensures both the desirable goals of prompt phone service and PBX operation without undue delay in processing information for the input/output ports. This supervisory program is disclosed herein at the end of the preferred embodiment. A functional description of its operation follows.
As shown in FIG. 8, the central processor processing time is divided into cycles of 160 milliseconds, each cycle having eight slices of 20 milliseconds, each of which is further sub-divided as shown in the drawings. If all data ports are being utilized, and the PBX is being operated at close to its maximum capacity, then the machine processing time would continue in cycles of 160 milliseconds around the complete circle as shown in the drawing. However, as explained more fully below, if one or more of the input terminals are not being used, or if the supervisory programs senses either than an input/output port is not calling for processor time and is either in the input or output mode, or that the PBX program is demanding processor time, or that the supervisory program has completed its checks without using all of its processing time, then various portions of each slice may be skipped over or aborted so that processor idle time is not experienced. This significantly increases the time sharing capabilities of the central processor and ensures optimum PBX operation. This approach also allows me to make maximum use of the hardware capability to drive expanded chunks of memory and peripheral devices.
Referring now to FIG. 8, a first slice is sub-divided into four sections, the first of which being SI1. During SI1, the processor is used to compute and update the time of day and to check to see if the next slice is calling for processing time. Presuming processing time is called for, the processor is then assigned to the PBXI program which checks for the sensing or sending of dial pulses and its decoding as well as the accumulation and decoding of tones which are used to provide options at each extension of the PBX, as is known in the art. PBXI takes from one half millisecond to ten milliseconds of processing time. The next portion of program to run would be SI2 which checks for any program which is calling for processing time. During this slice, the supervisory program would receive top priority and if it was calling for processing time, processing time would then follow as shown in the figure. If no processing time was being called for, then program control would shift and abort the supervisory run portion of this time slice and the next program requesting processing time which would be PBX. If PBX was not calling for processing time, then the shift would be made all the way through each of the individual data ports until one was found calling for processing time; or if none then back to PBX for its designated time span. Presuming supervisory program was calling for processing time, it would normally be used to supervise the trunk and line ports to detect changes of status, or scan the various data ports including the disc port to input, output or process data. The processing time of supervisory would be 0.15 milliseconds minimum and the maximum would be 20 milliseconds minus the time required to process the first time slice portions.
As indicated in the drawing, the first three portions are repeated for each time slice and each data port is given top priority for demanding processing time from the computer at least once during each 160 milliseconds cycle, presuming there would be no aborting or collapsing of time slices.
My approach is unique in that the allocation of processing time is maximized and parsimoniously distributed amongst the various programs which may be loaded and running. This technique takes maximum advantage of the processing time available and ensures maximum utilization of the hardware.
While I have disclosed a specific embodiment utilizing the teachings of his invention, it is disclosed for purposes of illustration only. Changes and modifications would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and I intend that the scope of his invention be limited only by the claims appended hereto. ##SPC1## ##SPC2## ##SPC3## ##SPC4## ##SPC5##
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A stored program controlled microprocessor controller includes a microprocessor with means to operate said microprocessor in a time sharing mode to simultaneously service a centrally program controlled PBX and a data processing system, said controller having a first memory dedicated to storing the program for controlling PBX operation, said PBX including a plurality of trunk ports, each of which has means to connect to an incoming trunk, and a plurality of line ports, each of which has means to connect to a telephone extension; thedata processing system having a plurality of data ports for accessing the microprocessor to input, process and output data and programming information unrelated to the operation of said PBX, said controller having an additional memory means, means to partition said additional memory means and assign at least one of said partitions to each of said data ports, each data port thereby having access to no partition other than its assigned partition, and means to allocate and prioritize the processing time of said microprocessor between said PBX and said data processing system.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said microprocessor and its associated structure are mounted on printed circuit boards, said boards being suitable for sheld mounting.
3. A stored program controlled microprocessor controller includes a microprocessor with means to operate said microprocessor in a time sharing mode to simultaneously service a telephone system and a data processing system, said telephone system including a plurality of trunk ports and a plurality of line ports, said microprocessor having means to control the switching and processing of telephone communications between said trunk ports and said line ports, said data processing system including at least six data ports having means to access said microprocessor and actively interact therewith to thereby utilize the data processing capability of said microprocessor to input, process, and output data and programming information unrelated to the operation of said telephone system, said microprocessor having means to service said data ports in a time sharing mode including means to allocate the processing time of said microprocessor between the telephone system and the data processing system and means to prioritize the processing time to ensure reliable telephone system operation, thereby providing means for each of six external users to actively interact with said microprocessor to input, process, and output data and programming information unrelated to the operation of said telephone system.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein the means to allocate includes means to define a series of recurring time slots, wherein said means to allocate assigns itself to a first one of said time slots, and means to assign the telephone system to a second one of said time slots, said first and second time slots being dedicated to said means to allocate and said telephone system, respectively.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein said means to allocate includes means to assign an external user and his associated data port to any one of said series of time slots not previously assigned.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein said data processing system includes at least six of said data ports and said series of time slots includes at least six time slots, any one of which is available for assignment to an external user and data port.
7. The device of claim 5 wherein the means to allocate includes means to abort the time slot of processing time assigned to an external user when his associated data port is either inputting or outputting data.
8. The device of claim 7 wherein the controller further comprises a first memory means, said means to allocate being stored therein, and a second memory means, said means to allocate having means to assign an individual partition of said second memory means to each of said data ports, each of said ports thereby having access to only its assigned partition and none other.
9. The device of claim 8 further comprising a command terminal, said command terminal including an input/output data port with means to access said first memory means, and all partitions of said second memory means.
10. The device of claim 8 wherein said command terminal has means to terminate a data port's access to said microprocessor.
11. A stored program controlled microprocessor controller includes a microprocessor with means to operate said microprocessor in a time sharing mode to simultaneously service a telephone system and a data processing system, said telephone system including a plurality of trunk ports and a plurality of line ports, said microprocessor having means to control the switching and processing of telephone communications between said trunk ports and said line ports, said data processing system including at least one data port having means to access said microprocessor and actively interact therewith to thereby utilize the data processing capability of said microprocessor to input, process, and output data and programming information unrelated to the operation of said telephone system, said microprocessor including a PROM memory means and a RAM memory means, with an address bus and a data bus interconnecting said microprocessor and said PROM means and RAM means, a first buffer terminating said address bus, a second buffer terminating said data bus, said buffers thereby conditioning and stabilizing data and address information sent and received by said microprocessor, a first means to selectively inhibit said first buffer and a second means to selectively inhibit said second buffer to selectively block the flow of information through said buffers.
12. The device of claim 11 further comprising an address decoding means to enable said microprocessor to address a specific partition of memory with a number of address bits smaller than the number of bits required to individually address all memory means.
13. The device of claim 11 further comprising a command terminal data port connected to said address bus and data bus for accessing the microprocessor and all of said memory means, and interface circuitry to condition data from either a TTY, TTL or RS232 input/output device.
14. The device of claim 11 further comprising means to add a plurality of additional memory means addressable by said microprocessor.
15. The device of claim 11 further comprising at least one additional memory means, said additional memory means having an address buffer and a data buffer, means interconnecting the address and data buffers associated with each of the microprocessor and the additional memory means so that said microprocessor may selectively access said additional memory means, a first means to selectively inhibit said memory address buffer, and a second means to selectively inhibit said memory means data buffer so that address and data information is permitted to flow only when said additional memory means is accessed.
16. The device of claim 15 further comprising address decoding means connected to said address bus to selectively produce a control signal for operating said first and second inhibit means.
17. The device of claim 14 wherein said additional memory means includes a plurality of data ports, means interconnecting each of said data ports with an address buffer and a data buffer associated with the microprocessor so that information may flow between them, each port having means to convert data from serial format to parallel format and parallel format to serial format, and each port having interface circuitry to condition data received from or transmitted to an input/output device.
18. The device of claim 17 wherein each data port further includes a data port data buffer, said interconnecting means being connected to said data port data buffer, means to selectively inhibit said data port data buffer; said device further comprising data port address decoding means to selectively produce a control signal for said data ports and said inhibit means so that data information is permitted to flow only when said data port is accessed.
19. The device of claim 14 further comprising a disc type memory, and a data port and interface circuitry to interconnect said disc memory to said microprocessor.
20. The device of claim 19 wherein said disc memory includes a disc memory data buffer to condition and stabilize the data transmitted and received by said disc memory, and further comprising means interconnecting said disc memory data buffer and the microprocessor data buffer, means to selectively inhibit said disc memory data buffer, and address decoding means to selectively produce a control signal for said data port and said inhibit means.
21. The device of claim 14 further comprising interface circuitry between said microprocessor and said telephone system, said interface circuitry including a data latch and an address latch to stabilize the data and address information to be written into said telephone system, said telephone system having a data bus, a data buffer to isolate the telephone data bus from the microprocessor data bus, a partition of memory addresses being assigned to said telephone system, address decoding means including a signal conditioning means to produce a control signal for said telephone partition of memory, said signal conditioning means also producing a read/write strobe signal for said telephone partition of memory, and means to sense the non-occurrence of a write signal for a predetermined time period and cause a reset signal to be generated.
22. The device of claim 1 further comprising a command terminal, said command terminal having means to access all partitions of said additional memory means and said first memory through said microprocessor to thereby be capable of supervising both the data processing system and the PBX.
23. The device of claim 1 further comprising means to allocate processing time to each of the data ports including means to selectively abort the processing time of any data port.
24. A stored program controlled microprocessor controller comprising a plurality of printed circuit boards, each of said boards being substantially the same size, a first of said boards having mounted thereon a microprocessor, a read/write bus interconnecting said microprocessor with said other circuit boards, an associated timing circuit, a plurality of memory means, a data port, a baud rate generator, a common bus network including an address bus and a data bus between said microprocessor and said memory means and said data port, buffer means terminating said common bus network with means to selectively inhibit information flow through said buffer means, and address decoding means; a second of said boards having mounted thereon a plurality of PROM memory means, a second common bus network including a second address bus and a second data bus interconnecting said PROM memory means, a second address decoding means to produce an enable signal when said second board is addressed, and a second buffer means terminating said second common bus network with means to selectively inhibit information flow through at least said second data bus; a third of said boards having mounted thereon a plurality of RAM memory means, a third common bus network including a third address bus and a third data bus interconnecting said RAM memory means, a third address decoding means to produce an enable signal when said third board is addressed, a write enable circuit to produce a write enable signal to said RAM memory means when said third board is addressed and said microprocessor produces a write signal on its read/write bus, a read enable circuit to produce a read enable signal to said RAM memory means when said third board is addressed and said microprocessor does not produce a write signal on its read/write bus, and a third buffer means terminating said third common bus network including means to selectively inhibit information flow through at least said third data bus; a fourth of said boards having mounted thereon a plurality of bi-directional data ports, each of said ports having means to convert data from serial format to parallel format and parallel format to serial format, a baud rate generator having a plurality of outputs with an option strap to selectively connect one of said baud rate generator outputs to each of said data ports, a fourth address decoding means to produce an enable signal when said fourth board is addressed, a read/write enable circuit which produces a read or write enable signal when said fourth board is addressed and said microprocessor produces either a read or write signal on its read/write bus, a fourth common bus network including a fourth address bus and a fourth data bus interconnecting said data ports, a fourth buffer means terminating said fourth common bus network including means to selectively inhibit at least the fourth data bus, and means to produce an interrupt request when any of said data ports is operative; and a fifth of said boards having mounted thereon at least two bi-directional data ports, said ports having means to control and access a disc memory, means to drive relays corresponding to an operator hook switch, and means to drive relays corresponding to unattended night bell alarms, a fifth common bus network including a fifth address bus and a fifth data bus interconnecting said data ports, a fifth buffer means terminating at least said fifth data bus with means to selectively inhibit said fifth data bus, a fifth address decoding means to produce an enable signal when said fifth board is addressed, means to produce an interrupt request when one of said ports is operative and means operatively interconnecting all of said buffer means.
25. The device of claim 24 further comprising a sixth board having mounted thereon an address latch to stabilize address information transmitted to said sixth board, a sixth address decoding means to produce a control signal for addressing a first preselected portion of addressable equipment, a data latch to stabilize data information transmitted to or from said sixth board, means to selectively inhibit said address latch and data latch, a sixth buffer means, means to selectively inhibit said sixth buffer means, a seventh address decoding means to produce a control signal for addressing a second preselected portion of addressable equipment, a master select circuit and a master read/write circuit, said master read/write circuit conditioning the read/write signal from said microprocessor to enhance its further transmission, said master select circuit producing a strobe pulse for each read or write signal produced by said master read/write circuit, a protective circuit, said protective circuit having means to sense the absence of a write signal on the microprocessor read/write bus for a preselected time period and means to produce a master reset signal in response thereto, and means to initialize the address latch and data latch.
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