Electroplating Arrangements

The invention relates to electroplating arrangements and in particular to the use of electroplating baths in the formation of stamper plates for moulding disc records.

It is well known that a negative impression of a recording may be formed on a stamper plate, which may be utilized to create a positive impression by moulding a plastics material to form a disc record. Typically, nickel electroplating is involved in the production of stamper plates, which require a high quality surface finish. Demands for increased plating rates must be balanced against the surface physical characteristics required. A typical problem encountered with the higher current densities necessary for faster electro plating is the formation of nodules on the plated surface, resulting in defects being formed on the disc record. Nodules are generally a consequence of particulate and organic contamination of the electroplating electrolyte, necessitating stringent filtering techniques.

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved electroplating arrangement, reducing impurity contamination and allowing substantially nodule free electroplating at higher current densities.

According to the invention there is provided an electroplating apparatus, for forming a disc record stamper plate, comprising a bath capable of holding an electrolyte, a filter screen dividing said bath into a cathode region and an anode region, a cathode, at which said stamper plate is formed, in said cathode region, an anode in said anode region, said anode facing and lying substantially parallel to said cathode, said anode comprising anode material in the form of pellets contained in an open mesh container, an electrolyte inlet pipe entering said cathode region through said anode with an open end protruding through said filter screen to face said cathode, and an electrolyte outlet in said anode region, circulating means operative in use of the apparatus to continuously circulate electrolyte through said bath, said circulating means including pump means connected between said outlet and said inlet pipe to create a high pressure region between said filter screen and said cathode thereby continuously flushing the cathode with fresh electrolyte and creating a major return flow path to said outlet directly through said screen and through said anode which substantially purges said anode of contaminating material.

For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example only, to the accompanying drawing, the single FIGURE of which illustrates an electroplating arrangement in accordance with one example of the invention.

An electroplating bath arrangement comprises an inclined plating cell 1, a side wall 2 of which, is set at an angle to vertical, preferably 30.degree.. An anode bag 3 is disposed adjacent wall 2 and comprises typically an open mesh titanium basket retaining anode material 5 and permitting free flow of electrolyte 4 through the anode material, which may conveniently be in the form of pellets. A continuous anode feed system can be operated by addition of further pellets through the open end of node bag 3 as anode material is consumed. Electrical connection is made between the anode bag and the positive terminal 6a of a power supply (not shown) by any suitable means, for example mechanical connections.

A cathode 7 is located adjacent and parallel to the anode bag and spaced therefrom by a gap of 2 inches for example. The cathode may have attached to it an article to be electroplated, for example a stamper plate (not shown). A shaft 8 of a motor 9 is connected by suitable means to the cathode 7, allowing it to be rotated by the motor 9. The shaft 8 is electrically conducting and connected by suitable means to the negative terminal 6b of the aforementioned power supply. Therefore, the shaft 8, which is electrically isolated from the motor 9, maintains the cathode 7 at a negative potential.

A filter screen 10 having a mesh dimension of 2 microns for example, is disposed between the anode and cathode thus defining an anode region between the filter screen and anode, and a cathode region between the filter screen and cathode. An adjustable valve 11 is set into base 12 of the plating cell 1, and located on the anode side of the filter screen 10. Both cell and valve typically comprise materials unlikely to be reactive in the plating environment. A tube 13 of electrically insulating plastics material for example, is arranged to pass through anode bag 3 with its end-point arranged to rest just through filter screen 10. Some form of shaped tube end-point may be used. Fresh electrolyte from a reservoir 14 is pumped through pipe 13 towards cathode 7, creating a high pressure zone immediately adjacent the cathode. This may be accentuated by the provision for example, of a ring of plastics material 15 around the perimeter of the cathode 7. Incomplete rings and other shapes and materials may achieve the same result.

Valve 11 may be adjusted to allow a flow volume equivalent to 80-90% of that entering through tube 13 to pass out of the cell. Consequently the electrolyte in the high pressure zone around cathode 7 may pass through the anode area as illustrated, cleaning the bag and removing suspended inpurities. This impure electrolyte subsequently passes out of the cell through valve 11, where it is filtered by a filter 16 before returning to the reservoir 14. The remaining 10-20% of electrolyte which typically escapes around pieces 15, passes out of the cell through an overflow pipe 17 before filtering and return to the reservoir 14.

By means of this arrangement fresh electrolyte from the reservoir is supplied to the cathode area and a flow towards the anode is created that purges the anode bag of any particulate matter likely to encourage nodule formation; the contaminated elecyrolyte is rapidly removed from the bath and purified for re-use.

The electroplating bath disclosed hereinabove is of particular use with nickel electroplating employed in the formation of stamper plates utilized in the manufacture of audio and video disc records. The electrolyte solution includes a major proportion of nickel sulphamate and a minor proportion of nickel chloride dissolved in a buffered aqueous solution. For increased plating uniformity, the cathode may be rotated, at 150 r.p.m. for example. By the use of a continuous nickel anode feed system and a bath electrolyte change rate of 8-10 times an hour, substantially nodule free stamper plates have been produced for current densities of up to 400 ASF.

It will be understood that the embodiment illustrated shows an application of the invention in one form only for the purposes of illustration. In practise the invention may be utilized for many different applications, the detailed embodiments being straightforward for those skilled in the art to implement.