US 4,434,637 AGrant
Method and Apparatus for Flattening Corrugated Heat Exchanger Plate
Issue Date:1984-03-06
•11 Claims
•2 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A method and apparatus (32) is provided for crushing a portion of a corrugated sheet (10) in an area (20, 22) extending transversely to the corrugations in the sheet without blocking the passages (14) between the crowns (12) of the uncrushed portions of the corrugated sheet (10). In accordance with the method, spacing members (58-66 and 78-88) are inserted into each of the passages (14) on either side of a ridge (12) to be crushed, and the ridge (12) between the spacing members (58-66 and 78-88) is crushed before the spacing members (58-66 and 78-88) are withdrawn. The apparatus for crushing the sheet (10) includes opposed die members (34, 36), each having a plurality of blades (58-66 and 78-88) spaced by slots (68-76 and 90-98). The slots (68-76 and 90-98) in each die member (34, 36) progressively decrease in depth and are positioned to receive the blades (58-66 and 78-88) of the opposed die member. A control circuit (46) causes the die members (34, 36) to engage each time a passage (14) in the corrugated sheet (10) is aligned with a blade (58-66 and 78-88) in a die member (34, 36).
Metadata
Assignee
- Caterpillar Tractor Co.
Inventor
- John M. Bailey
Application Information
Application Number:US 3542122
Filing Date:1982-03-03
Priority Date:1980-01-28
Art Unit:321
Classifications
IPC:
B21D 5304
Field of Search:
728322617;6;9;385;412;414;415;10371;37045
Patent Drawings (2 sheets)
Description
Description
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to heat exchangers and more particularly to a method and apparatus for use in the formation of thin metal plates used in such heat exchangers.
2. Background Art
Primary surface recuperators have been developed which incorporate thin alloy metal sheets that have been corrugated or folded to produce passages on both sides of each sheet. These passages serve to direct the flow of air and hot gasses, and heat is transferred directly through the sheets which are suitably welded together to prevent the flow of air into the gas passages. The corrugations in the sheet surface also serve to support adjacent sheets in the assembly.
Before the sheets are assembled, edge portions of the sheets are crushed to provide flattened header sections which will facilitate the cross flow of fluid. These header sections at each end of the sheet receive or deliver the air or gas from or to the appropriate passages of the assembly.
A stacked plate heat exchanger of the type described is illustrated by U.S. Pat. No. 3,759,323, to Harry J. Dawson et al. In fabricating heat exchangers of this type, difficulties have been encountered in flattening the header sections. The header sections extend transversely to the corrugations, and as the corrugations in the header sections are flattened, the corrugations expand and often completely or partially block the fluid passages defined by adjacent corrugations. Attempts to alleviate this problem have not been satisfactory. For example, comb-like devices have been employed in an attempt to open the blocked passages following the crushing of the header section corrugations, but since the blockages are irregularly spaced, the regularly spaced comb devices sometimes contribute to the blockage instead of removing it. Also the sheets have been staggered so that the transition blockage does not occur all at one zone and the fluid can pass over the blocked region, but this solution to the problem results in the use of excess heat exchanger material.
The foregoing illustrates the limitations of the known prior art. Thus it is apparent that it would be advantageous to provide an alternative to the prior art.
Disclosure of the Invention
In one aspect the present invention provides a novel method for flattening corrugated heat exchanger plates to form header sections which includes separately and progressively crushing the corrugations in a transition zone between the fluid passages and a header section before forming the remainder of the header section.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel apparatus for flattening corrugated heat exchanger plates to form header sections which includes opposed die members for progressively crushing the corrugations in a transition zone, each die member having blades which are maintained on either side of a corrugation to limit the ability of the corrugation to expand or flare outwardly during the crushing operation.
The foregoing and other aspects will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are not intended as a definition of the invention but are for the purpose of illustration only.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a corrugated heat exchanger plate which is to be flattened to form header sections in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the die assembly of the present invention for receiving a moving heat exchanger plate;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the die set used for the die assembly of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of one die slot and one die blade of the die set of FIG. 3 taken along lines 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a detailed illustration of the detent switches used for the die assembly of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the control circuit for the die assembly of FIG. 2.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 discloses a corrugated heat exchanger plate indicated generally at 10 formed from a thin metal or metal alloy sheet which has been corrugated to provide raised ridges having crowns or fins 12 which define intermediate passages 14. These crowns and passages are formed on both sides of the sheet 10, and when the sheet is assembled with similarly formed sheets, will define fluid passages on opposite sides of the sheet. The broken lines 16 and 18 in FIG. 1 designate header zones 20 and 22 which must be formed on either side of a central corrugated section by flattening the corrugations in the header zones. It is this flattening process which, in the past, has resulted in blockage of the passages 14 in the vicinity of the lines 16 and 18 due to expansion or flaring of the crowns 12 as they are crushed.
In accordance with the method of the present invention, the header zones 20 and 22 may be flattened without resulting in substantial blockage of the passages 14. This is accomplished by progressively crushing each individual crown 12 within transition zones 24 and 26 bordered by the lines 16 and 18 and broken lines 28 and 30 spaced therefrom. Each crown within a transition zone is subjected individually to a plurality of successive crushing steps during which the crown is progressively flattened. During each crushing step, die set support blades are inserted into the passages 14 on either side of the crown to act as spacers to prevent the crown from expanding outwardly to block the passages. Once the transition zones 24 and 26 are completely flattened, the remainder of the header zones outboard of the transition zones may be easily flattened in a conventional manner to form transversely extending headers on either side of the central corrugated section.
The preliminary progressive flattening of the corrugations in the transition zones 24 and 26 may be accomplished by feeding the corrugated heat exchanger plate 10 between opposed die members of a die set mechanism which closes once each time the plate moves for a distance equal to the distance between two adjacent crowns 12. As the crowns move beneath the die members, they are progressively received in slots of ever decreasing depth as the die members close. At least one passage 14 between the first crown to be crushed and the next adjacent crown to be crushed receives a die support blade which extends into the passage for substantially the total depth thereof to act as a locator blade for following die set blades. This locator blade also stabilizes and reinforces the heat exchanger plate 10 during the flattening operation.
A novel die assembly 32 constructed in accordance with the present invention is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 2. This die assembly includes an upper die 34 and a lower die 36 having opposed die surfaces which are engaged and disengaged by the operation of upper and lower hydraulic cylinders 42 and 44 respectively. The upper and lower dies 34 and 36 are connected to hydraulic pistons in cylinders 42 and 44 by rod means 38 and 40, although other suitable known driving units may be employed to engage and disengage the upper and lower dies.
The operation of the hydraulic cylinders 42 and 44 is controlled by a die control circuit 46 which controls a valve in each cylinder to cause the rods 38 and 40 to extend or retract. When the rods extend to bring the upper and lower dies 34 and 36 together, the crowns 12 on the heat exchanger plate 10 are crushed.
The heat exchanger plate 10 is fed between the upper and lower dies 34 and 36 by a suitable drive means such as opposed driven rollers 48 and 50. Ideally, essentially a continuous feeding motion is imparted to the heat exchanger plate 10, and consequently, the operation of the upper and lower dies must be accurately timed. This timing sequence is accomplished in response to sensing switches 52 54 and 56A and 56B.
To comprehend the manner in which the die assembly 32 operates, it is first necessary to consider the structure of the upper and lower dies 34 and 36 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. The face of the upper die 34 is formed to provide a plurality of downwardly extending sequential blades 58, 60, 62, 64 and 66 which are spaced by intervening slots 68, 70, 72, 74 and 76. Similarly, the face of the lower die 36 is formed to provide a plurality of upwardly extending sequential blades 78, 80, 82, 84, 86 and 88 which are spaced by intervening slots 90, 92, 94, 96 and 98. When the upper and lower dies are engaged, the blades 80-88 enter the slots 68-76 respectively while the blades 58-66 enter the slots 90-98 respectively. It will be noted that some clearance is left between a slot and the blade received thereby to accomodate the heat exchanger plate 10.
The heat exchanger plate 10 is fed between the upper and lower dies 34 and 36 from the left in FIG. 3. The blades 58, 78 and 80 constitute entrant blades and are the first blades to enter into passages 14 in a heat exchanger plate as the plate moves between the dies. The blade 58 enters a passage on the top side of the plate while the blades 78 and 80 enter individual passages on the bottom side of the plate. These entrant blades and the slots 68 and 90 which receive them are full size and receive and support the heat exchanger plate without crushing the crowns 12. If desirable, a second full sized slot and blade combination 60 and 92 may be provided so that the top and bottom passages 14 are supported by two blades on either side of the heat exchanger plate 10 at the entrant end of the die set.
The slots 70, 72, 74 and 76 in the top die 34 and the slots 94, 96 and 98 in the bottom die 36 decrease progressively in depth so that the slots 76 and 98 at the exit end of the die set are very shallow. Thus the crowns 12 of the heat exchanger plate are progressively crushed as they move into slots of decreasing depth. To aid in this crushing operation, a projection 100 extends from the root of each slot while the opposing blade has a scalloped end as indicated at 102 in FIG. 4.
It is important to assure that an individual passage 14 on the top of the heat exchanger plate 10 cleanly and sequentially receives the blades 58, 60, 62, 64 and 66 as the plate progresses from the entrant to the exit ends of the die set. Simultaneously, an adjacent passage on the bottom side of the heat exchanger plate sequentially receives the blades 78, 80, 82, 84, 86 and 88. This is accomplished under the control of the detent switch 52 which causes the die control circuit 46 to trigger the die cylinders 42 and 44 to close the upper and lower dies 34 and 36 when the heat exchanger plate is in a precise location.
The structure of the detent switch 52 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 5. The switch includes a detent ball 104 mounted on a spring arm 106 which spring biases the ball downwardly against the crowns 12 on the heat exchanger plate 10. The ball consists of two electrically conductive halves 108 and 110 which are electrically separated by a central insulating strip 112. Electrical conductors 114 and 116 are each connected to one of the conductive halves, so that when the ball is nested in a passage 14 as shown in FIG. 5, an electrical circuit is completed between the conductors by the conductive halves 108 and 110 and the heat exchanger plate. When the ball is not in contact with the crowns 12 on both sides of a passage 14, no electrical circuit is completed between the conductors 114 and 116.
The die control circuit 46 is identical in structure and operation, for flattening both zones 24 and 26 and consequently will be described with reference to the structure of die control circuit 46 shown in FIG. 6. This circuit includes input terminals 118 and 120 which supply power to control the operation of cylinder 42 (FIG. 2), and input terminals 122 and 124 which supply power to a holding circuit. These input terminals may be connected to the same or separate power supplies, such as a battery power supply 140.
When an electrical circuit is completed between the conductors 114 and 116 by the detent switch 52, power may be provided from the terminal 118 across the detent switch to energize the coil 126 of a holding relay and close relay contact 128 to keep the holding relay actuated in the "hold" position. Power from the holding relay will flow through solenoids 130A and 130B which control a valve or other control member for the cylinders 42 and 44, and the die piston rods 38 and 40 will be extended. From the solenoids 130A and 130B, power then passes across closed contact 134 and back to terminal 120.
The contact 134 is part of a holding relay including a holding relay coil 136 which is kept energized from terminal 122 across normally closed switches 56A and 56B after the contacts 138 have been initially closed by a brief closure of switch 54 to energize the coil 136. Switches 56A and 56B open at the end of each die stroke.
Industrial Applicability
The heat exchanger plate 10 is moved between the upper and lower dies 34 and 36 by the driving wheels 48 and 50. The switches 56A and 56B are normally closed and the switch 54 is open. Therefore, the holding relay coil 136 is normally energized with the contacts 134 and 138 closed. As the heat exchanger plate is located in the correct position for the crushing operation, the detent switch 52 momentarily closes to energize holding relay coil 126 and close contacts 128. Current now flows from terminal 118 across contacts 128 and through coil 126, control solenoids 130A, 130B and contacts 134 back to terminal 120. The energization of solenoids 130A and 130B causes cylinders 42 and 44 to expand die piston rods 38 and 40 driving the dies 34 and 36 together. As the rods 38 and 40 reach the outer extent of their travel, switches 56A and 56B are momentarily opened to deenergize holding relay coil 136. This opens contacts 134 and 138 causing the deenergization of control solenoids 130A, 130B and holding relay coil 126. Upon deenergization of the control solenoids, the rods 38 and 40 are retracted to disengage the upper and lower dies 34 and 36 and reclose the switches 56A and 56B. During movement of the sheet to the next passage a switch 54 is normally closed. The switch 54 is similar to switch 52 but is positioned to close during movement of the sheet and prior to closure of switch 52 to affect the next die stroke. Switch 54 is positioned approximately 1/2 passage pitch different from switch 52 so that movement of the sheet alternately engages switches 52 and 54. This assures that switch 54 will close prior to the point where the passage in position for switch 52 to close and actuate the die stroke.
The detent switch 52 is located closely adjacent the blades 58 and 80 at the entrant end of the die set and is spaced relative to these blades so that these entrant blades serve as locators for the remaining blades in the die set. Each time a detent switch bridges two adjacent crowns 12, the die set comes together and the blades formed in the faces of the opposed dies enter the passages 14 which are aligned therewith. The slots 70-76 and 94-98 progressively crush the crowns 12 received thereby while the intervening blades prevent the crushed crowns from expanding to block the passages 14. Each crown is subjected to a plurality of separate successive crushing operations until it reaches either the slot 76 or the slot 98. These final exit slots are so shallow that full crushing of the transition zones 24 and 26 is completed thereby. After these transition zones are completely crushed, the remainder of the header zones 20 and 22 is crushed in the conventional manner.
It is obvious that the blades in the faces of the upper and lower dies 34 and 36 will be formed to conform to the configuration of the passages 14 in the heat exchanger plate 10. Therefore, when the passages are wavy in configuration as shown in FIG. 1, to enhance heat transfer, the blades will be similarly configured to conform therewith. Also, if the passages in one side of the plate vary in width from the passages on the opposite side, the width of the blades will also vary accordingly. Thus, as will be noted in FIG. 3, the blades in the face of the lower die 36 are wider than those in the face of the upper die 34.
The foregoing has described a method and apparatus for use in the formation of thin metal plates used in heat exchangers.
It is anticipated that aspects of the present invention, other than those specifically defined in the appended claims, can be obtained from the foregoing description and the drawings.
Claims
I claim:
1. An apparatus (32) for crushing the ridges (12) in a corrugated electrically conductive sheet (10) comprising die set means (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44) for receiving said sheet (10) and moving into and away from engagement therewith, control means (46) for initiating the movement of said die set means (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44), and sensing means (52,54) for sensing the position of said sheet (10) relative to said die set means (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44) and operating to cause said control means (46) to initiate movement of said die set means (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44) into engagement with said sheet (10) when the sheet (10) reaches predetermined positions, said sensing means (52, 54) including switch means (52, 54) in contact with said sheet (10), said switch means (52,54) including a bridging member (104) of sufficient size to span the distance between two adjacent ridges (12) in said corrugated electrically conductive sheet (10), said bridging member (104) including two sections of electrically conductive material (108, 110) and insulating means (112) electrically separating said sections (108,110), and electrical connector means (114,116) extending from each of said electrically conductive sections (108,110) to said control means.
2. The apparatus (32) according to claim 1 wherein said control means (46) includes a power source (118, 120), and die set activating means (130A, 130B) operative when energized to initiate movement of said die set means (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44) into engagement with said sheet (10), the electrical connector means (114) for one conductive section (108) of said bridging member (104) being connected to receive power from said power source (118, 120) and the electrical connector means (116) for the remaining conductive section (110) of said bridging means (104) being connected to provide power to said die set activating means (130A, 130B).
3. An apparatus (32) for crushing a portion (24,26) of a corrugated sheet (10) in an area (20, 22) extending transversely to the corrugations without blocking the passages (14) between the ridges (12) of the uncrushed portion of said corrugated sheet (10) comprising die set means (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44) having an entrant end and an exit end for progressively crushing the ridges (12) of said corrugated sheet (10) in the area (24,26) to be crushed as said sheet moves between said entrant and exit ends, said die set means (34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44) including an upper die (34) and a lower die (36) each having an entrant end and an exit end, said upper and lower dies (34,36) having opposed die faces, each such die face including a plurality of projecting spacing means (60-66 and 80-88) arranged between said entrant and exit ends and a plurality of elongate slots (70-76 and 94-98) with one slot separating adjacent spacing means for a distance sufficient to permit a spacing means to be freely inserted into each of the passages (14) on both sides of a ridge (12) to be crushed, each of said slots being of substantially uniform depth along the length thereof, the slots (70-76 and 94-98) decreasing progressively in depth from the entrant end to the exit end of each said upper and lower die, the depth of at least two of said slots being less than the depth of said passages (14) and driving means (38, 40, 42, 44) to move the opposed faces of said upper and lower dies (34,36) into and away from engagement with an intervening corrugated sheet (10), and control means (46, 52, 54, 56A, 56B) connected to said driving means (38, 40, 42, 44) to cause said driving means to move the opposed faces of said upper and lower dies (34,36) into and away from engagement with an intervening corrugated sheet.
4. The apparatus (32) of claim 3 wherein said upper and lower dies (34,36) are secured to said driving means (38, 40, 42, 44) and relatively positioned to permit the slots (70-76) of said upper die (34) to receive the spacing means (80-88) of said lower die (36) and the slots (94-98) of said lower die (36) to receive the spacing means (60-66) of said upper die (34) when the opposed faces of said upper and lower dies (34,36) move toward engagement.
5. The apparatus (32) of claim 4 wherein said upper and lower dies (34,36) each include at least one entrant spacing means (58,80) and adjacent entrant slot (68,90) which are at least equal in depth to the depth of the passages (14) in said corrugated sheet (10), said entrant slot (68,90) being adjacent to the entrant end of each said die and the first slot in said die (34,36) to receive a ridge (12) to be crushed, the remaining slots in said die (34,36) progressively decreasing in depth from the depth of said entrant slot.
6. The apparatus (32) of claim 5 wherein said control means (46, 52, 54, 56A, 56B) includes sensing means (52, 54) operative to trigger said control means each time a passage (14) in said corrugated sheet is aligned with said entrant spacing means (58, 80).
7. The apparatus (32) of claim 6 wherein said control means includes a power source (118,120) and die set activating means (130A,130B) operative to control the operation of said driving means (38, 40, 42, 44), said sensing means (52,54) including a switch means (52) in contact with said corrugated sheet, said switch means (52) being electrically connected between said power source (118,120) and said die set activating means (130A,130B).
8. The apparatus (32) of claim 7 wherein said switch means (52) includes a bridging member (104) of sufficient size to span the distance between two adjacent ridges (12) in said corrugated sheet (10), said bridging member (104) including two sections of electrically conductive material (108,110) and electrical insulating means (112) electrically separating said sections of electrically conductive material (108,110).
9. An apparatus (32) for crushing the ridges (12) in a corrugated electrically conductive sheet (10) comprising die set means (34,36) having an entrant end for receiving said sheet (10) and operative to move into and away from engagement therewith, control means (46) for initiating the movement of said die set means (34,36), and sensing means (52,54) actuated by the ridges (12) of said corrugated sheet for sensing the position of said sheet (10) relative to said die set means (34, 36, 38, 40, 42,44) and operating to cause said control means (46) to initiate movement of said die set means (34,36, 38, 40, 42, 44) into engagement with said sheet (10) when the sheet (10) reaches predetermined positions relative to said die set means, said sensing means including a first switch means (52) and a second switch means (54) in contact with said conductive sheet, said first and second switch means being normally open but adapted to be closed by engagement with the ridges (12) of said conductive sheet (10), said switch means (52,54) being relatively positioned and positioned relative to the entrant end of said die set means to cause said second switch means (54) to be closed prior to said first switch means (52) as said conductive sheet passes into the entrant end of said die set means.
10. The apparatus (32) of claim 9 wherein said control means includes driving means (38, 40, 42, 44) to move said die set means (34,36) into engagement with said corrugated sheet (10), a power source (118,120), die set activating means (130A,130B) operative when energized to cause said driving means (38, 30, 42, 44) to move said die set means (34,36) into engagement with said corrugated sheet (10), holding circuit means (134, 136,138) connected between said power source and said die set activating means and operative when energized to connect said die set activating means to said power source, said second switch means (54) being electrically connected between said holding circuit means and said power source and operative when closed to energize said holding circuit means, said first switch means (52) being electrically connected between said power source and said die set activating means (130A,130B).
11. The apparatus (32) of claim 10 which includes die set control switch means (56A,56B) electrically connected between said power source and said holding circuit means (134, 136, 138), said die set control switch means being normally closed to complete an electrical circuit between said power source and holding circuit means and operating to break said electrical circuit when said die set means is in engagement with said corrugated sheet (10).