Fluid Treatment Device

This invention relates generally to hydromagnetic devices and more particularly to a device in which scale-forming minerals in a fluid are more efficiently crystallized and precipitated within the fluid. In addition to water softening, prior crystallization on the pipes and walls of equipment is reduced, thereby improving fluid flow and heat transfer while reducing energy consumption and maintainance costs. It has been found that certain very specific conditions are required in order to improve efficiency. The fluid must pass through magnetic flux fields at such flow rates and velocities that the liquid experiences appropriately spaced alternating and reinforcing flux densities to the correct intensity to treat the substances.

Numerous magnetic devices and/or systems have been proposed and are in use for the purpose of water treatment. Typical designs patented to Vermeiren in U.S. Pat. No. 2,652,925, to Mack in U.S. Pat. No. 2,825,464, and to Sanderson in U.S. Pat. No. 3,951,807 have in common devices that include several opposed permanent magnets which provide what is technically known as magnetic stray fields for the liquid to pass. Even though each of the above is essentially a concentric arrangement, the flux density and, consequently, the treatment of the fluid varies from location to location within the device because of this dependence upon stray fields. To compensate for distortion and bias of the fields, some devices rotate the fluid path to cut lines of force in a more orthoganal manner. Devices such as patented to Kottmeier in U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,660, and to Kottmeier and Happ in U.S. Pat. No. 3,669,274 and 3,680,705 utilize a helical path for such an improvement. Brown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,146,479 provides disc type magnets which may be individually rotated to improve flux line cutting. Devices such as U.S. Pat. No. 4,157,963 to Jessop et.al. implant their device in a non flowing liquid tank, while U.S. Pat. No. 4,210,535 to Risk, U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,754 to Menold, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,755 to Zimmerman fasten to the outside of fluid conducting tubes and provide unsymmetrical conditioning as the greatest amount of the fluid flows through the center of the conduit where the flux densities are either nonexistent or are the weakest. In a similar clampon apparatus, Fujita in U.S. Pat. No. 4,188,296, varies field strength by adjusting air gap spacing in an application of magnetic fields to finer dispersal of dust and oil particles in fuels prior to combustion.

The device patented by Shalhoob contains a concentric arrangement of magnetic fields that increases the flow velocity of the water at the poles of the permanent magnets by reducing the cross section of the water flow thusly accelerating the fluid flow at the magnetic poles. A ferrous rod and washers are included to concentrate the magnetic flux at the poles. Although several of the references cited show knowledge of the importance of obtaining maximum fluid exposure to a high flux density, none touch the importance of the spacial distribution of repeated exposures to highly concentrated fields. It has been found herein that performance can be improved by changing the repetitive alternating field exposure time and spacial cutting rate as a function of fluid velocity.

The source of magnetic flux within this circuit is created and maintained by true permanent magnetic materials of the ferrite type. Ferrite magnets possess coercive force of such magnitude that they are safe from their own magnetic induction, that of other materials and from accident. Flat ring type magnets were chosen because a higher magnetic flux density is obtainable within the inner diameter of magnets than around their perimeter.

By collecting the flux lines from the pole areas of the magnets in flat collector rings of soft magnetic materials and concentrating those lines down to a very narrow cross section before transmitting them across the fluid path to an equally defined receiver, the stray fields are virtually eliminated and the effectiveness of the magnetic field greatly increased.

The magnetic circuit starts with flat ring type magnets, a collector ring collects and condenses the flux lines from the magnet poles and transmits those flux lines across the fluid path to the concentrator core in the center of the assembly. The flux lines then flow from the concentrator core back across the fluid path to the opposite collector ring, and the circuit is completed by returning the flow lines back through the magnet. A concentrator can may be added to the outside diameter of the assembly to collect the stray fields at that point and direct the force by way of the collector rings to the inner diameter to increase the flux density to even a greater extent.

The amount of time a given quantity of fluid is exposed to magnetic fields is important to its treatment. This invention with its short individual magnet exposure time makes it possible to increase the inpulse flux cutting freuency for higher velocity streams by tailoring of its flux separators.

This invention restricts the liquid flow to an annular cross section to insure a uniform exposure to the magnetic fields as it is known that the velocity of fluids flowing through an open tube increases parabolically toward the center of the tube resulting in a wide variety of flow rates at different locations of the cross section. It is a primary object of this invention therefore to provide an improved device for enhancing crystallization and precipitation of scale-forming minerals in a fluid stream by repeat exposure to narrow multiple spaced apart alternating magnetic fields.

It is further object to provide such spaced multiple exposures in a device in which the spacing between magnets may be adjusted to optimize efficiency at specified flow rates.

It is further object to provide a device in which individual magnetic exposure time is reduced by use of magnetic concentrator rings to narrow flux distribution.

It is a further object to provide a more uniform magnetic exposure by use of flat disc magnets operating on an annular fluid cross section.

It is a further object to provide a more efficient magnetic circuit in which stray flux lines are minimized by providing a definite magnetic flow path.

It is a further object to provide a device in which variations in exposure time is reduced by reducing the variation in fluid velocity across the fluid cross section.

FIG. 1, represents a fragmentary side view of the fluid treatment device.

FIG. 2, represents a cross section view of the fluid treatment device.

FIG. 3, represents the magnetic flow through the magnetic circuit.

FIG. 4, represents a half cross section view of the effect of tapering the edges of the collector disks and concentrator can and core.

With the following description of the configuration and operation of the fluid treatment device reference shall be made to the drawings FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4. Such references to the figures are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather are illustrative of the principles of the invention. Further embodiments will be considered within the description.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the fluid treatment device is shown to be comprised of a cylindrical conduction tube 1 of nonferrous materials through which the liquid 2 is passed. Around this tube is placed a polarity of flat ring permanent magnets 3. Collector disks 4 of soft steel are positioned on each face of the magnets. Each of the magnet collector disk assemblies is separated from the next with nonferrous flux separators 5. A ferrous collector 7 may be fitted around the outside of and in contact with the sharpened edges of collector rings. A nonferrous, cylindrical sleeve 8 is located over the assembly and end caps 6 snapped in place to form a protecting covering.

Inside the fluid conductor tube is concentrically located a nonferrous concentrator core tube 9 of smaller diameter than the fluid conduction tube 1. The difference between the outside diameter of this concentrator core tube 9 and the inside diameter of the fluid conduction tube 1 determines the cross section of fluid 2 that flows through the device. Inside the concentrator core tube 9 is located a threaded soft steel or other soft magnetic material concentrator core 10.

FIG. 3 describes the magnetic circuit. It shows the inner flux lines 11 being transmitted from the magnets 3 through the collector disks 4 across the fluid path 2 to the concentrator core 10 and then back to the magnet 3. The outer flux lines 12 originate in the magnet 3, go through the collector disk 4 to the concentrator can 7 and back to the magnet.

FIG. 4 depicts the collecting and concentrating effect of the tapered transmission points of the collector disks 4, concentrator can 7 and concentrator core 10. It is to be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the invention and that the scope of the invention is not to be limited thereto, but is to be determined by the scope of the appended claims.