Multi-Sheet Assembly Using Autogenous Coating

This invention relates to a multi-sheet business form, a printing system for producing printed multi-ply business forms, and to a method for forming visible images in a multi-ply business form. More particularly, this invention relates to a multi-sheet envelope assembly which utilizes autogenous coatings to produce mailer forms in which data can be generated on both the inside and the outside by computer printing devices.

Mailer form assemblies known as "mailers" are stuffed, sealed envelopes which are processed through computer printers to provide various information on both the outside of the envelope and the interior of the mailer without the need for manually handling, stuffing, sealing or stamping each envelope. Such mailers are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,777,971; 3,830,141; 3,988,971; 4,081,127; and 4,095,965, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Various techniques have been utilized to provide data on both the outer plies and the inner plies of the mailer forms. One difficulty in the production of such mailers involves the printing of the outside of the envelope with only addressee information and without other information which must be provided on the inner plies. Certain mailers hide the extraneous information by using unreadable, printed characters to cover the extraneous information and render it unintelligible. However, the appearance of the envelope is undesirable. Other mailers employ spot coatings of carbon ink on the backside of a top record sheet to provide the address information on the front of the envelope to the exclusion of extraneous information. However, such record sheets employ expensive carbonizing bond paper to prevent penetration of carbon ink. Not only are such sheets expensive, but they are normally discarded prior to mailing because the data information contained thereon is generally stored in a computer making retention of the record sheet unnecessary and burdensome. Other mailers incorporate carbon ink spot coated carbon tissue in the form of a brownish thin sheet, which is located between the top record sheet and the glued mailer. This assembly has the drawback that the carbon tissue must be deleaved and disposed of before the envelope is mailed to the addressee. Such carbon ink spot coated carbonizing bond paper and carbon tissue sheets have been used between the inner plies of the glued mailer, but they have the drawback in such application of being not only costly but causing smudging of the image receiving ply.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,605 proposes the use of a chemically reactive ribbon in which the ribbon for the printer is coated with a color forming chromogenic substance in solution so as to develop images on a coating of color developer material in selected areas, for example on the front of the mailer. However, such ribbons are expensive and must be replaced frequently, thereby slowing down the printing operation. Moreover, the ribbon must be in direct contact with the underlying receiving sheet so as to permit transfer of the chromogenic material to the developer coating to provide an image.

A multi-sheet business form assembly has now been found which comprises a plurality of sheets in a superposed relationship wherein the top sheet comprises a support bearing a localized, autogenous coating which comprises both chromogen-containing microscopic pressure rupturable capsules and an electron acceptor material, on the upper surface of the top sheet, which form can be used in combination with a printing stylus, such as that in a typewriter or computer printer to provide visible images in the localized autogenous coating upon impact of the stylus, and without the need for a chromogen-impregnated ribbon or, any ribbon whatsoever. The autogenous or self-contained coating of the present invention contains both chromogen-containing microcapsules and the electron-acceptor material, so that upon impact of the stylus and rupture of the capsules, the chromogen is released and reacts with electron-acceptor in the very same coating and without transfer.

The record system of the present invention may further comprise multiple plies in which at least one underlying sheet comprises a support bearing a second localized autogenous coating comprising both chromogen-containing microscopic pressure rupturable capsules and an electron acceptor material on its upper surface, wherein the autogenous coatings are non-coextensive. In this embodiment of the present invention the use of carbon ink spot coated carbonizing bond paper or carbon tissue sheet can be completely eliminated, thus reducing the cost of mailer assembly. Thus, the localized autogenous coating of the present invention can be spot coated on the upper surface of each ply where it is desired to provide particular data thereby eliminating transfer coatings on the underside of a top record sheet for providing the addressee information or on the underside of an inner ply for providing information by transfer to an underlying ply.

Thus, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the printer is utilized without any ribbon whatsoever thereby eliminating the cost of ribbons.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a shield can be used between the stylus of the printer and the top sheet of the mailer assembly to avoid embossment caused by the impact of the printer key in the case of, for example, hard hit printers. However, such shielding means, such as a blank ribbon devoid of chromogen or other chemically reacting material, can likewise be eliminated, for example, in the case of moderately hit high speed printers.

FIG. 1 is a partial, schematic and perspective view of a multi-ply business form according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic elevational view of a preferred coating system for preparing spot coated plies for use in the business forms of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a partial, schematic and side elevational view of a continuous form stationary assembly being contacted by the stylus of a computer controlled printing head imprinting data on various plies thereof according to one embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial, schematic and side elevational view of a continuous form stationary assembly being contacted by the stylus of a computer controlled printing head imprinting data on various plies thereof according to a second embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5 is a top plan, partially sectioned view of a multi-ply business form according to the present invention.

Referring initially to FIG. 1, the multi-ply business form 10 of the present invention comprises a plurality of paper sheets in superposed relationship. In the illustrated embodiment, there are four sheets or plies 12,14,16 and 18.

Top outer sheet 12 has on its upper or outer surface at least one localized or spot coated autogenic coating 20 comprising both chromogen-containing microscopic, pressure rupturable capsules and an electron acceptor material. Autogenic coating 20, along with other localized coatings which can be provided on the outer surface of sheet 12, can cover substantially less than the entire surface of sheet 12. A printing stylus applying pressure to the outer surface of top sheet 12 only forms visible images in the localized coating 20 upon impact directly under the stylus. No visible images are formed on the outer surface of top ply 12 when the stylus contacts the top sheet upper surface outside the area of the localized coating. In this manner, the visible images on the outer surface of sheet 12 are formed without a chromogen-impregnated ribbon or any other image forming ribbon since coating 20 is autogenous.

Second sheet 14 supports an autogenous coating 22 which can be localized or cover substantially the entire surface of sheet 14. Coating 20 and coating 22 are not coextensive. Thus, a printing stylus contacting the outer surface of sheet 12 outside of coating 20 will form no visible image on sheet 12, but will form a visible image on sheet 14 if the impact occurs within the area of coating 22. By preselecting the coating areas on sheets 12 and 14, all printing can be accomplished in a single sweep by the printing stylus contacting only the outer surface of sheet 12 while selectively forming each character only on sheet 12, only on sheet 14, or on both sheet 12 and sheet 14.

Sheet 16 can also support localized autogenous coatings 24 to form selected visible images thereon by the printer stylus contacting sheet 12. Sheet 18 can comprise a backing sheet.

Autogenous coating 20 may be formed using any formulation normally utilizable in the production of self-containing copy sheets to provide an autogenous layer comprising both pressure-rupturable microcapsules, which contain chromogenic material (color-precursors), and electron-acceptor (color-developer) material. For example, suitable formations for preparing autogenic or self-contained coatings are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,906,123; 3,663,256; 3,732,120; 3,554,781; 3,576,660; 4,170;488; and 4,197,346, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The autogenous coating comprises microcapsules having walls formed, for example, from coacervated gelatin, polycondensates from interfacial cross-linking, or hydrolyzed isocyanatoamidine product. Preferably, the microcapsules are formed by a microencapsulation process described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,317,743 to J. C. H. Chang dated Mar. 2, 1982, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preferred electron-acceptor materials for inclusion in the autogenous layer are the Lewis acids conventionally used to prepare carbonless copy papers. Preferred Lewis acids include, for example, alkylphenol-formaldehyde novolac resins, zinc salts of alkylsalicylic acids, acid activated clays, and the like.

The microcapsules contain an oily solution of a chromogen. Suitable chromogens include, for example, crystal violet lactone, benzoyl leuco methylene blue, fluorans, phthalides, rhodamine lactams, and the like. Suitable chromogens are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,954,803 and 4,012,419 to D. N. Vincent and C. H. Chang, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The microcapsules may be of any suitable size, for example, and have an average diameter of between about 1 to about 20 microns, preferably, between about 3 to about 7 microns. The amount of chromogen used is generally the amount needed to react with the Lewis acid in the autogenous layer, and may be present in amounts of, for example, from about 5 parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight chromogen, preferably, from about 8 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight chromogen per 100 parts by weight electron acceptor in the autogenous layer.

Preferably, the autogenous layer additionally contains a color suppressant to prevent premature coloration during the coating process. The color suppressant must be so chosen that it will not inhibit or adversely affect the color formation in the final product. Preferred color suppressants include, for example, ammonium hydroxide, alkanolamines, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, and the like, condensates of amine-formaldehyde, such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, and the like. Suitable amounts of such color suppressants include from about 0.1 to about 10, preferably from about 0.5 to about 4 percent by weight based on the total dry weight of the coating composition. Other suitable color suppressants are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,010,292 and 4,170,483, which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Any suitable means may be utilized for applying a spot or localized coating of the autogenous slurry, which comprises a mixture of microcapsules and electron acceptor material, to the paper substrate. A preferred system is shown in FIG. 2 wherein paper web 40 passes through a nip formed by cylinder roll 42, which carries a generally rectangular plate 44. Roll 42 is in nip-forming relation with roll 46. The autogenous coating material is provided in slurry form in feed tray 48 and is picked up by etched gravure cylinder 50, which is provided with a reverse-angled doctor blade 52. The autogenous coating is transferred from roll 50 to plate 44 which then comes in contact with paper web 40 to provide a spot coating 54 on the web. The spot coated web is then passed through dryer 56 and the dried spot coating 58 is passed to a wind-up roll (not shown). Surprisingly, the two-roll gravure offset unit of FIG. 2 provides a very uniform self-contained spot coating with a controlled coat weight.

FIGS. 3 and 4 schematically illustrate two alternative systems for printing business forms 25. Each embodiment includes a computer controlled printer 26 having a printer head or stylus 28. The business forms are passed between printing head 28 and a backup roll 30. Printer 28 and the feed of business forms 25 can be controlled automatically by the computer. The visible images on the sheets are formed by impact of the stylus against the outer surface of sheet 12 either directly (as illustrated in FIG. 3) or through a buffer or shield 32 (as illustrated in FIG. 4). Shield 32 prevents embossing of sheet 12 by the impact of the printer stylus which can occur in hard hit printers and protects the stylus from becoming clogged with pressure sensitive material used to form colored markings. The shield can be an endless loop ribbon of a woven fabric or a synthetic material which passes between printer stylus 28 and business forms 10 during the printing operation, but which does not bear any pressure sensitive material used to form a colored marking, such as carbon, a chromogen or the like.

Visible images are formed in the coated areas on the sheets by direct or indirect impact on the coatings 20,22 and 24. No visible image is formed on any sheet when impact occurs on a particular sheet outside of the area of an autogenous coating thereon.

Coatings 22 and 24 for forming images on the inner plies 14 and 16, can be replaced by other image forming systems. For example, carbon spots can be formed on the bottom surface of sheet 12 and the bottom surface of sheet 14, or on separately interleaved plies, to form visible images on inner plies 14 and 16, respectively. Additionally, a microencapsulated color former may be coated on one of two adjacent ply surfaces with a color developer on the lower of the two adjacent ply surfaces to form a colored image on the lower of the two adjacent plies by impacting the outer surface of the upper of the two adjacent plies. Thus, coating 24 as illustrated in FIG. 1 can be a transfer medium, such as a carbon spot or such as a color developer or former, formed on the lower surface of underlying sheet 14.

A typical use of the business form of the present invention is illustrated by the mailer of FIG. 5. With this mailer, the information printed on the various plies is formed in a single sweep of the mailer through the printing apparatus. The various mailers are formed from continuous sheets which are attached together and are separated into different pre-stuffed envelopes by perforated lines 134.

The form illustrated in FIG. 5 comprises an envelope, a customer copy of the bill, and a self-addressed return envelope. The envelope is formed by top sheet 112 and bottom or back sheet 118 which are adhered along their adjacent peripheral edges. Top sheet 112 forms the front face of the envelope and supports localized coatings 120 for printing the recipient's name and address, the return address, and other information, such as a request for an address correction.

Sheet 114 forms the customer's billing copy upon which the confidential billing information is imprinted. Coating 122 covers most of the surface of sheet 114, except for those areas for which no printing upon sheet 114 is desired. Since coating 122 extends beyond the boundaries of coatings 120 on sheet 112, the printing impact for the confidential billing information is applied against those areas of sheet 112 which are outside of the coatings 120. The printing of confidential billing information does not form a visible image on sheet 112, but does form visible images on sheet 114. In this manner, the confidential billing information only appears within the mailer and not on the envelope thereof without a record ply.

Sheet 116 forms a return envelope. Spot coatings 124 provided on sheet 116 permit individualized printing of the recipient's name and address and of the return address for separate mailers.

The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

Thirty grams of capsule slurry containing 0.2 gram of crystal violet lactone and 1.6 grams of polyvinylalcohol were made basic with 18 grams of ammonium hydroxide. Eighteen grams of melamine formaldehyde condensate were mixed into the resulting slurry. Nine grams of starch (commercially available as Keestar 327 from Kenkel Corporation) were added, followed by the addition of 12 grams of a phenolic novolac resin dispersion at 57 weight percent solids. The resulting mixture was spot-coated on the face side of mailers, using a two-roll gravure offset unit at a coat weight of about 2 pounds per 1,300 square feet of area.

The spot-coated mailers were processed on a computer printer without a ribbon. Dark blue images were developed within the coated area, while the other private (confidential) information did not appear outside the coated area.

To 510 grams of capsule slurry containing 6.3 grams of 2'-(bis-phenylmethylamine)-6'-(diethylamino)-4'-methyl-spiro[isobenzofluor an-1-(3H),9'-(9H)-xanthene]-3-one, 2.1 grams of a phthalide orange color former from Hilton-Davis, 0.9 gram of crystal violet lactone, 4.1 grams of a phthalide red color former from Hilton-Davis and 43.6 grams of benzylated gelatin were added the following materials in sequence: 280 grams of water, 450 grams of melamine formaldehyde condensate, 23 grams of ammonium hydroxide, 450 grams of the Keestar starch of Example 1, and 236 grams of phenolic novolac resin at 57% solids.

The resulting capsule slurry was then spot-coated on the face of mailers and also in the insert ply at about 3 pounds per 1,300 square feet of paper substrate.

Black images were obtained on those coated areas when processed on a computer printer, using a shield in the form of a blank ribbon free from chemically reactive material.

Three hundred grams of capsule slurry containing 3 grams of 6'-(cyclohexyl methylamino)-3'-methyl-2'-(phenylamino)-spiro[isobenzofluoran-1-(3H), 9'-(9H)xanthene]-3-one and 26.3 grams of gelatin were added to a mixture of 70 grams of titanium dioxide, 45 grams of vinyl acetate acrylic resin, 13 grams of ammonium hydroxide, and 20 grams of melamine formaldehyde condensate. Under a mild agitation, 400 grams of water, 200 grams of Keestar starch and 170 grams of a phenolic novolac resin dispersion at 47% solids were added to the slurry. The resulting mixture was spot-coated on the face of mailers and the inside plies at a coat weight of about 2 pounds per 1,300 square feet.

Black images were produced within the spot-coated areas on a computer printer without a ribbon.