US 4,409,587 AGrant
Altimeter Code Converter
Issue Date:1983-10-11
•3 Claims
•6 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An altimeter code converter that converts a parallel signal of a first code to a serial signal of a second code; The code converter of this invention includes a code conversion means having memory means with an addressable look-up table to convert Gray code to a binary code; a data conversion means having parallel-to-series shift registers connected in series and a flip-flop parity generator for converting the parallel signal to a serial signal; and operably connected to the above means are means for forming and outputting timing and initializing signals.
Metadata
Assignee
- The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force
Inventor
- Robert G. Scott
Application Information
Application Number:US 3430316
Filing Date:1982-01-27
Priority Date:1982-01-27
Art Unit:214
Classifications
IPC:
H03K 1324
Field of Search:
340250235244371347 M;347 CC;347 P;347 AD231 SE92 MP180-18249
Patent Drawings (6 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a parallel to serial code converters for receiving digital information in parallel form and transmitting it in serial form, and in particular, to an altimeter code converter that converts parallel Gray code to serial binary code.
2. Description of the Prior Art
One method of obtaining a parallel-to-serial conversion is by use of shift registers and a general purpose computer. The shift registers convert the parallel Gray code to a serial Gray code that is input to a computer having an algorithm that converts the serial Gray code altimeter information into serial binary code having the same information. This information is then processed by other devices requiring a serial binary input for display, et cetera.
The Gray code output of the altimeter is divided into two sections, the seven high order bits which designate the altitude in 500 foot increments and the three low order bits, which when properly decoded, represent 100 foot increments. Straight Gray code to binary code is not possible for two reasons. First, the zero Gray code output of the altimeter represents an altitude of -1000 feet which means some arithmetic or special decoding has to be performed in order to obtain the correct altitude in 500 foot increments. Second, because the three low order bits represent the altitude in 100 foot increments special decoding would also be necessary to determine whether 0, 100 or 200 feet should be added or subtracted to the corrected 500 foot increment.
Although the above devices accomplish the intended purpose, it is extremely expensive because of the use of a general purpose computer and the required programming associated therewith. Additionally, a non-controllable time delay occurs because of the general purpose computer as the data flow is governed by the computer's conversion time. Therefore, it is clearly evident that a converter which is not only less expensive to produce and operate than converters of the past, but also operating at a greater operating speed would be highly desirable.
Summary of the Invention
This invention converts a parallel signal having Gray code data therein received from an altimeter to a serial signal having binary code data therein. The converter in effect changes a parallel signal to a serial signal and changes the code of the data therein. The serial signal is input into a computer for processing and thereby overcomes the problems set forth hereinabove.
The device of the present invention includes therein essentially memory means for code conversion and shift registers for parallel-to-serial signal conversion. The parallel signal output from the altimeter is input to the parallel address inputs of a memory means such as a read-only-memory device (ROM). Each parallel signal addresses one memory location in the ROM wherein an altitude coded in binary is stored. This binary altitude information is then output on the parallel outputs of the ROMs and input to shift registers that serialize the parallel signal. This device has also input and output data interfaces and data control circuits. These latter devices condition the data for processing and sequence the data through the altimeter code converter.
One object of this invention is to provide a code converter designed to convert a parallel signal to a serial signal and change codes of the data therein.
Another object of this invention is to provide a code converter that minimizes cost by utilizing inexpensive components.
Another object of this invention is to provide a code converter having an output data rate dependent upon an external clocking signal considering the cumulative propagation delays of the individualized components as the limiting factor.
A further object of this invention is to provide a code converter that converts parallel Gray code data to Digital Air Data System (DADS) code for input to a Delco Carousel IV Computer.
Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the claims and the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the altimeter code converter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an input data interface of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a code conversion device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a data conversion device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an output data interface of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of preset devices of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a data control device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of power supply means of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 9 is a timing diagram illustrating various signals of FIG. 1.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
The code converter of this invention performs code conversion by use of memory means with a conversion table stored therein and performs signal conversion by use of parallel-to-series shift register means.
Referring to FIG. 1, a data input device 12 such as a conventional altimeter 14 outputs a ten bit parallel signal 16 of Gray code to a data interface device 18 that is of conventional design. Data interface device 18 outputs an adjusted parallel signal 36 to the code converter of this invention. Code conversion device 38 outputs a sixteen bit parallel signal 46 of binary code to a data conversion device 56 that outputs a thirty-two bit serial signal 62 of binary code to an output data interface device 86 of conventional design that outputs an adjusted serial signal 99 of binary code to a data processing device 106 such as a conventional computer 108. A data control device 122 and a preset device 112 of the code converter provide initializing and timing signals to the above noted devices to sequence the data from the altimeter to computer 108. A power means 146 provides regulated voltages to the various devices and outputs a voltage failure signal so as to flag invalid information flowing to computer 108.
As to data input device 12, altimeter 14 outputs ten bits of Gray code data in a first code on parallel signal 16. The Gray code word is composed of ten bits being divided between two fields wherein the first field has three low order bits addressed as A1, A2, and A4 representing 100 foot increments and transmitted on bit signals 16A, 16B, and 16C respectively; and the second field has seven bits addressed as B1, B2, B4, C1, C2, C4 and D5 representing the altitude in 500 foot increments and transmitted on bit signals 16D, 16E, 16F, 16G, 16H, 16I, and 16J respectively. Parallel signal 16 is input to input data interface 18.
Referring to FIG. 2, input data interface 18 includes isolating means 20 such as diode 22 that isolates the code converter from other equipment using altimeter 14, and minimum loading means 24 to reduce the current load on altimeter 14.
For example, this invention uses three LM 139 quad comparators having 4 operational amplifiers 24 per LM 139 to interface bit signals 16A to 16J to memory device 40. An equal number of isolating diodes 22 are also utilized. Each operational amplifier 24 is used to minimize loading. A pull-up resistor 25 is used on the output of operational amplifier 24 for adjusting the voltage output level between 0 and +5 volts. Each bit signal, 16A to 16J, corresponding to Gray code bit addresses previously noted, is applied to one set of isolating and minimizing means. Adjusted parallel signal 36 of data interface 18 is composed of adjusted bit signals 36A to 36J. Table I summarizes corresponding addresses and signals.
Referring to FIG. 3, adjusted parallel signal 36, composed of bit signals 36A to 36I is applied to parallel address inputs 48 of ROMS 44 of memory device 40.
In this embodiment, Gray code data is converted to binary code data. A computer is programmed to take each unique Gray code word having ten bits and changing the first code to a second code being binary. Over 600 separate conversions are needed to decode Gray code altitude between -1000 feet and 62,400 feet in 100 foot increments. The resulting binary word is of necessity sixteen bits long.
Table II depicts information input, stored, and output from memory means 40. Column 1 is the word location number in memory. Column 2 is a sequential list of each particular Gray code in hexidecimal or the address needed to reach a corresponding word location. Column 3 is the binary hexidecimal representation of the corresponding Gray code. Column 4 is the elevation in feet. Column 5 shows how column 2, Gray code hexidecimal number, is obtained. For example, word 45, Gray code number 29, corresponds to an altitude of 1800 feet represented as 01C2A in binary hexidecimal stored therein.
Table III is a memory map of memory means 40 when Gray code is converted to binary in the altitude range noted in Table II. ##SPC1## 15/924
Each adjusted parallel signal 36, having bit signals 36A to 36I, of FIG. 3 addresses one memory location and causes parallel signal 46, having sixteen bit signals 46A to 46P, to be output from memory device 44.
In order to accomplish this code conversion, four 5204 EPROMs having 512 words each with an 8 bit length are provided. To produce the sixteen bit word, two EPROMs of 8 bit words are wired into adjusted parallel signal 36 as shown in FIG. 3. The other two are similarly wired. Depending on adjusted bit signal 36J which changes value upon the altimeter reaching a given altitude, a first group of ROMs such as 50 and 52 are selected by memory select device 42.
Analogous procedures can be used to change a first code to a second code by use of a memory device having an addressable table therein.
It should be understood that although EPROMs were used for this particular embodiment, other memory devices such as PROMs or ROMs are available for such depending on the production level required.
To determine whether the first group, consisting of ROMs 50 and 52, or the second group of ROMs shown in FIG. 3, is used for the code conversion, a memory select device 42 receives a chip select signal (CS) 142, adjusted bit signal 36J, and a preset signal 118 (VH1). Referring also to FIG. 9 which illustrates various data control signals, CS signal 142 is high during the last two cycles of a five cycle control period 154. VH1 signal 118 is high after the converter is powered up. Thus depending on adjusted bit signal 36J which changes value when an altitude threshold is crossed one group or the other is selected. For example, if bit signal 36J is high, ROMs 50 and 52 output sixteen bits of parallel signal 46 of binary code. ROM 52 outputs eight bits of binary code data, the first eight bits of sixteen bit signal 46, 46A to 46H binary bit signals, and ROM 50 outputs the second eight bits of sixteen bit signal 46, 46I to 46P binary bit signals. If and when bit signal 36J changes to a low signal, the other pair of ROMs output binary parallel signal 46. Two ROMs are required in each group since each ROM has only 512 memory addresses but over 600 addresses are required for the code conversion. Increasing the bit length of parallel signal 46 requires ROMS of larger word length, for example 16 bits to make a 32 bit parallel signal 46. Also additional ROMs can be added if adjusted signal parallel 36 has more parallel bits than ten as occurred in this example.
Data conversion device 56, FIG. 4, converts sixteen binary bits of parallel binary signal 46 to thirty-two binary bits of serial binary signal 64. Parallel signal 46, having binary bit signals 46A to 46P, is input to a shift register device 58. In this particular embodiment four, 74165 shift registers 58A to 58D having 8 parallel inputs each and connected in series for outputting a non-parity serial binary signal 62.
The format of non-parity serial signal 62 is controlled by shift register device 58. The first eight bits identifies the sending device, i.e. altimeter code converter; the next four bits are blank; the next nineteen bits contain the binary data with three blank bits; and the last bit is for a parity signal to be inserted by a parity generator 50. This particular format is required by the Delco III Carousel computer. Other data formats are equally possible by grounding certain inputs of shift registers 58A to 58D.
Referring to FIG. 4, sixteen bit parallel signal 46 is input into shift register device 58 along with VH1 signal 118, being a constant high from power-up of the converter; also input is a data clock signal (CLK) 134 which is used to shift the bits out of register 58; and input also is a load signal 144 (LOAD) used to enable the parallel inputs of register 58 or to enable the serial output, this signal going low one cycle before a data shift period 156, FIG. 9, to enable the serial output. After the serial output is enabled, thirty-two high-low cycles of CLK signal 134 shift the data out of register 58 as non-parity serial signal 62 in the format noted above. The address of the device is wired into the first shift register in the line of four. Of course, more or less shift registers can be used depending on the input and output signals.
Computer 108, being only one type of data processing device, requires input signal and formats to be of a particular form. In this embodiment, a Delco Carousel IV Computer requires that the serial data input be of odd parity, i.e. the number of "1's" transmitted during the thirty-two cycles data shift period 156 be odd in number. This is accomplished by a parity generator 50. Generator 50 inserts a "1" into the 32nd bit position of serial signal 62 as determined by generator 50.
This is accomplished by shift register 58 transmitting a serial signal 62 to a NAND gate 66 which toggles a 7474 D-type flip-flop 70 upon each high data pulse allowed to pass through gate 66 by a data gating signal 136 (DGATE), FIG. 4. A timing signal 138 (X6), being high during control period 154 and a voltage failure signal 152 (VFAIL) are input to a NAND gate 72 which resets flip-flop 70 before data period 156. VFAIL signal 152 and X6 signal 138 are input to a NAND gate 76. If VFAIL signal 152 goes high, indicating a voltage failure in the power supply, flip-flop 70 is set to insert an even parity in the data stream. If the parity of the serial data is odd, a high is placed at an output 78 of flip-flop 70. If even, a low is output. This toggling action results from the input signals to NAND gate 66.
Before the 32nd bit is transmitted by parity generator 50, a parity signal 140 is normally high and only goes low during the 32nd bit cycle, as shown in FIG. 9. A high parity signal 140 is inverted and inhibits output 78 at gate 75 and also causes a constant high at an input 80 of a NAND gate 74. The high parity signal 140 applied to a NAND gate 68 allows signal 62 to be applied at an input 84 of NAND gate 74 inverted. Since input 80 is high, signal 62 appears correctly at an output 82.
The odd parity of signal 62 is inserted in the 32nd bit position by means of output 78 from parity flip-flop 70. A low parity signal 140, occurring at the 32nd bit cycle, causes a high at input 84. The low parity signal is inverted and places a high at the input of gate 75. This allows the parity generated signal 78 to pass through gates 75 and 74, thus inserting the proper parity in the 32nd bit position. This completes the formation of thirty-two bit serial binary signal 64 acceptable in format.
As to the Delco Carousel IV computer, thirty-two bit adjusted serial signal 99 is transmitted over a two wire (twisted and shielded pair) circuit. It must be a return to zero system so that if no data is being transmitted both lines will remain at zero volts. The waveform must exhibit a voltage level transition at the beginning of each data bit and return to zero in the middle of the bit cycle. A blank consisting of zero volts on both lines for a minimum of four cycles must exist between data words transmitted by the altimeter code converter. This period, control period 154 in FIG. 9, provides the necessary synchronization for the receiving equipment and provides the five cycles of time needed for setup of a data control device 122. Output data interface 86 provides for the above requirement.
Referring to FIG. 5, this format is obtained by output data interface 86 using a signal adjusting device 88 and an output driver 90.
As a result of inputting 32 binary bits of serial signal 64 and a timing signal (DGATE) 136 for passing data which replicates CLK signal 134 during data period 156, a Y signal 96 and an X signal 98 are output as noted in Table 2.
The data bits of signal 64 are clocked out of data conversion device 56 at the same rate as DGATE signal 136 changes. When binary signal 64 and DGATE are high, X signal 98 and Y signal 96 are both low. X signal 98 and Y signal 96 are the compliment when DGATE is low. When binary signal 64 is low and DGATE is high, X and Y signals are both high.
As to output driver 90, X signal 98 and Y signal 96 are applied to output driver 90, shown in FIG. 5, and as a result an adjusted serial signal 99 composed of a B driver signal 102 and an A driver signal 104 changes in relation to X and Y signals are noted in Table V.
Two operational amplifiers 92 and 94, of the type LH0041G, are used to accomplish this result. CMOS devices are used in output driver 90 to insure the proper voltage levels to computer 108. For example, if X signal is 5 volts and Y signal is 0 volts, a voltage 100 is less than zero because of a voltage divider therein. The voltage output of amplifier 92 is 0 volts (ground) in this case. When both X and Y signals are 5 or 0 volts, B and A signal are as noted in Table V thus satisfying the signal input requirements to the Delco Carousel IV Computer.
FIG. 6 illustrates two type of preset devices 114 and 116 for outputting 2 high level initializing signals 118 (VH1) and 120 (VH2) after power-up of the converter.
FIG. 7 illustrates data control device 122. A computer strobe signal 109 of 9600 HZ is applied to a clock strobe signal device 128 of an operational amplifier 130 which adjusts the computer strobe 109 to a clock strobe signal 132 of a proper voltage level. Clock strobe signal 132 is a 9600 HZ signal as noted in FIG. 9.
Clock strobe signal 132 is applied to two 74163 counters 124. Counters 124 output various counting signals 124 A,B,C,D,E,F, and G (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, and X7 respectively) which are input to a timing signal generator 126 that combines the counting signals to form timing signals as illustrated in FIG. 9 and noted in the above disussion to control the flow of data through the altimeter code converter.
FIG. 8 illustrates power means 146 and is composed of a power supply 148 having an input voltage of 115 VAC. In this particular embodiment, a 115 VAC supply is available in the aircraft; otherwise the aircraft 28 volt supply is used to obtain the necessary regulated voltage. A model MPI-750/212-100 Modular Encapsulated Power Supply is used to obtain the proper regulated voltages.
If the aircraft's 28 volt supply failed, computer 108 was informed of this fact which alarmed personnel to disregard data because of a power failure. A power failure device 150, shown in FIG. 8, sends high signal 152 (VFAIL) if the 28 volt supply fails. VFAIL signal 152 is input to parity generator 50 which causes an even parity to be formed causing the computer to disregard the data sent. Referring to FIG. 2, two voltages +28 V and +12 V are applied through diodes 30 and 32. This insures that if the 28 V aircraft system failed, strobe signal 109 is able to operate clock strobe device 128 and send data to the carousel computer. A failure would be noted by the computer since VFAIL signal 152 goes high and is still sent to the computer.
Mode of Operation
In operation, a parallel signal 16 of Gray code data is sent by altimeter 14 to input data interface 18. An adjusted parallel signal 36 is output to code conversion device 38 that converts the Gray code to binary code. A parallel signal 46 of binary code is output by code conversion device 38. Data conversion device 56 changes parallel signal 46 to serial signal 64 of the proper format. Output data interface 86 adjusts serial binary signal 64 to be compatible with Delco Carousel IV Computer 61 requiring input data to be in the Digital Air Data System Code (DADS)
It is to be noted that although there have been described the fundamental and unique features of my invention as applied to a preferred embodiment, various other embodiments, variations, adaptations, substitutions, additions, omissions, and the like may occur to, and can be made by, those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An altitude code converter that has input a parallel signal being Gray coded for altitude information and that outputs a binary serial word acceptable to a computer comprising: an input data interface connected for receiving the altitude information coded parallel signal and connected for outputting an adjusted parallel signal having a plurality of adjusted bit signals, said input data interface having a plurality of adjusting circuits equal in number to the number of bit signals of the parallel signal, each of said adjusting circuits having buffer amplifying means therein; a conversion device connected for receiving the adjusted parallel signal output from said input data interface and connected for outputting a binary serial signal, said conversion device including a code conversion circuit for converting the adjusted parallel signal to a binary parallel signal representing actual altitude in binary notation, said code conversion circuit being memory means having a lookup table therein, said memory means addressed by a plurality of said adjusted bit signals and outputting a 16 bit binary parallel signal having a decimal equivalent value of an altitude input to said altitude code converter in Gray code, and a memory select circuit connected for selecting read-only memories to be addressed; a data conversion circuit for receiving the binary parallel signal and outputting a binary serial signal having a predetermined bit length and having a parity bit inserted therein, said data conversion circuit including at least one parallel-to-serial shift register for outputting a 32 bit serial signal without parity and a parity generator connected for inserting a parity bit into said 32 bit serial signal; and a data control circuit for outputting timing signals to said code conversion circuit and said data conversion circuit, said data control circuit including a pair of counters connected for having input initializing signals from said condition present circuit and a strobe signal from said computer and outputting a plurality of counting signals to a timing signal generator comprising a plurality of gates and inverters, said timing signal generator outputting a clock signal, a data gating signal during a data shift period, a data enable signal, a parity signal, a chip select signal, and a load signal; an output data interface connected for receiving the binary serial signal and for outputting said binary serial computer word; a condition preset circuit connected for initializing said conversion device; means for powering, said means for powering including a circuit connected for providing a plurality of fixed voltages to said code converter and a circuit connected for indicating external power failure to said conversion device.
2. An altitude code converter that has input a parallel signal being Gray coded for altitude information and that outputs a binary serial word acceptable to a computer as defined in claim 1 wherein said buffer amplifying means further includes one of said bit signals applied to a first diode, said first diode connected to a negative input of an operational amplifier through a first resistor, a first positive voltage connected to a positive input of said operational amplifier, a second positive voltage applied to said first resistor through a voltage divider network, said first and second voltages driving said operational amplifier through diodes, and a pullup resistor connected to the output of said operational amplifier with a third voltage applied thereon.
3. An altitude code converter that has input a parallel signal being Gray coded for altitude information and that outputs a binary serial word acceptable to a computer as defined in claim 1 wherein said parity generator includes: a first gate connected for inserting parity in case of voltage failure having input a power failure signal and a data shift signal, a second gate connected for toggling having input said 32 bit serial signal and a data gating signal, a third gate connected for resetting having input the inverse of the power failure signal and the data shift signal, and a flip-flop circuit having input outputs of said first, second and third gates, said flip-flop connected for outputting a parity bit if said 31 bit serial signal is odd.
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