US 4,393,022 AGrant
Eraser and Process for Its Manufacture
Issue Date:1983-07-12
•2 Claims
Abstract
An eraser based on polyvinyl chloride having particles of a crosslinked polymeric natural or synthetic rubber embedded in the polyvinyl chloride structure. Such erasers have high strength and good aging resistance. Additionally, conventional softeners in the eraser do not undergo significant migration and consequently, the eraser does not smudge. A process for manufacturing the eraser is also disclosed.
Metadata
Assignee
- Staedtler; J. S.
Inventor
- Werner Handl
Application Information
Application Number:US 3189236
Filing Date:1981-11-06
Priority Date:1978-08-25
Art Unit:142
Classifications
IPC:
B29C 1714
Field of Search:
26415525148;176;178 R;211;201;236;202424;298;299;300239
Patent Drawings
This patent does not have any drawings.
Description
Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an eraser based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which also contains softeners, fillers, and optionally, dyes and/or other additives.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Erasers based on PVC are known, for example, from German Pat. No. 932,540. Furthermore, from German Pat. No. 21 34 792, U.S. Pat. No. 2,919,180 as well as U.S. Pat. No. 3,738,951, rubber erasers are known whose matrixes consist of several rubber components.
Each type of known erasers has inherent disadvantages which are largely caused by the respective basic materials. For example, the previously known PVC erasers have relatively little strength and their softeners have a tendency to migrate. Rubber erasers have little resistance to aging and tend to smudge when used under certain conditions. Additionally, rubber erasers can be manufactured only by relatively complicated procedures.
Summary of the Invention
I have discovered an eraser which does not have the disadvantages described and accordingly, has a high relative strength and good aging resistance. Moreover, the softeners do not significantly migrate and the eraser does not smudge. Additionally, I have discovered a simple and extremely inexpensive method for manufacturing the eraser.
Particularly, I have discovered that such an eraser of the PVC type can be formed from, in addition to softeners, fillers, along with optional dyes and/or an accelerator, an unvulcanized natural or synthetic rubber in powder or pourable form, mixed in with the polyvinyl chloride or the PVC copolymer. This mixture is as extrudable as a pure PVC or a PVC copolymer material and the eraser rubber obtained combines the desirable properties of the previously known PVC type erasers, but not the negative properties.
Previously, it was thought possible to produce PVC erasers only by extrusion, while rubber erasers were manufactured by a casting or a rolling process. However, with the inventive mixture, it is possible for the first time to also extrude erasers containing rubber. However, the basic requirement for doing this is that the rubber be present in unvulcanized form as a powdered or pourable material.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
In order to obtain the rubber components of the mixture in the unvulcanized state in powder or pourable form, various known methods, e.g., freeze-drying, may be used. Such "powdered rubbers" are obtainable as items of commerce. For the process of the present invention, the rubber material should preferably be present in particle sizes of less than 50 .mu.m.
According to the invention, the multidimensionally, crosslinkable polymers of the rubber which, under the influence of external temperature, UV or cathode radiation or similar effects, form a multidimensional structure between individual molecules by crosslinking, are embedded in the softened PVC or PVC copolymer and firmly anchored there. The PVC preferably has a K value of about 70 and the PVC copolymer a K value between 55 and 80. Polyvinyl chloride/polyvinyl acetate may be used as the copolymer.
Rubbers or similar polymers, suitable for the purposes of the invention, include, for example:
1. natural rubber material in its various forms;
2. butadiene styrene;
3. butadiene acrylonitrile; or
4. sulfur and chlorosulfur factice.
One or several of these or similar polymers in mixture with one another are mixed in with the PVC plastisol compounded with the softener, as a result of which, for example, under the action of heat, the polymer particles crosslink and become embedded or firmly anchored in the PVC structure. As a result, the most essential properties of the eraser are incorporated while this mixture remains extrudable.
The invention is described in the following examples. All quantities refer to parts by weight.
Example 1
In an agitator or a high-speed, high-performance mixer, PVC plastisol is prepared by stirring a softener into the powdered PVC. The polymer is stirred into this plastisol. The material so obtained is subsequently evacuated and mixed with the filler. This flowable mixture, referred to as "dry blend", is extruded at temperature ranges of 90/110/120/130/ and 135 degrees C. The strand, emerging from the orifice of the extruder, is conveyed on a roller conveyor, cooled after about 30 seconds in a water bath and subsequently cut into appropriate usable pieces.
Example 2
The above mixture is processed as described in Example 1.
Example 3
The above mixture is processed as described in Example 1
Example 4
The above mixture is processed as described in Example 1.
The material to be used as the filler, may be chalk, pumice powder, powdered quartz of the most widely differing particle size or a similar material, which may be more or less abrasive, depending on the intended area of application. Additional materials, which may be mixed in, are oils or waxes as extrusion aids (lubricants), sulfur or similar materials as vulcanization aids, etc.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for the manufacture of an eraser based on polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride copolymer comprising preparing a polyvinyl chloride plastisol or polyvinyl chloride-copolymer plastisol in connection with unvulcanized synthetic or natural rubber, wherein first a pourable or flowable homogeneous substance is produced from mixing the polyvinyl chloride plastisol or polyvinyl chloride-copolymer plastisol and the rubber, and this substance is then fed into an extruder which has varying temperature ranges which increase from approximately 90.degree. to 135.degree. C. and from whose nozzle the cured or vulcanized eraser strand emerges and is cut into usable eraser size pieces after passing through a cooling zone.
2. A method for the manufacture of an eraser based on polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride copolymer comprising preparing a polyvinyl chloride plastisol or polyvinyl chloride copolymer plastisol, mixing an unvulcanized rubber selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, butadiene styrene or butadiene acrylonitrile, in with said plastisol to produce a dry, flowable mixture, extruding this mixture at vulcanizing temperatures in an extruder whose temperature range increases toward the exit as follows: 90.degree./110.degree./120.degree./130.degree. and 135.degree. C., and cutting into usable eraser size pieces after passing through a cooling zone.
Patent Citations (2)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3786011 | 1974-01-01 | Price et al. | |
| US3936417 | 1976-02-01 | Ronden |