Process for Producing Sodium Percarbonate

This invention relates to a process for economically and efficiently producing sodium percarbonate having high quality and excellent storage stability by reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide, and more specifically, to a process wherein the above reaction is carried out in the presence of an N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)diaminoalkane having a branched chain as a stabilizer in a working solution.

In the present invention, "sodium percarbonate" denotes a hydrogen peroxide adduct of sodium carbonate, which is represented by the composition formula 2Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3.3H.sub.2 O.sub.2.

Sodium percarbonate can be easily obtained by reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous reaction medium. Industrial sodium carbonate usually contains metals such as Fe, Mn and Cu which accelerate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly, if industrial sodium carbonate is used as the starting material without purification, the loss of hydrogen peroxide in the working solution by decomposition is great. Consequently, the yield of crystals based on hydrogen peroxide is low, and the final product does not have good storage property.

Many attempts have been made in the past to remove these metals from the starting sodium carbonate prior to the reaction and to synthesize sodium percarbonate crystals in good yields. One of these attempts is a process which comprises dissolving sodium carbonate in deionized water, adding magnesium sulfate and sodium silicate, removing metals together with the resulting magnesium silicate by filtration, and feeding the resulting aqueous solution of purified sodium carbonate into the reaction system; or providing a purifying step in the process of continuous manufacture of sodium percarbonate, adding required amounts of sodium carbonate and water to the filtrate resulting from separation of sodium percarbonate by filtration, removing transition metals in the same way as above, and feeding the resulting aqueous solution of purified sodium carbonate again into the reaction system. According to this process, metals which may accelerate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be removed relatively easily. However, as a result of this procedure, a large excess of water remains in the reaction system, and the amount of sodium percarbonate dissolved in the excess water is extremely large. Consequently, the amount of sodium percarbonate recovered is small, and the yield of the crystals based on hydrogen peroxide is extremely low. Various efforts have therefore been made to increase the yield of the crystals by, for example, a method which comprises salting out the dissolved sodium percarbonate by adding sodium chloride, alcohol, etc., or by evaporating the excess water under vacuum to increase the concentration of the crystals, and so on. Since, however, the amount of the water is too large, the salting-out effect is insufficient, and in industrial practice, disposal of a large amount of the excessive water in the reaction medium gives rise to a problem. When the excess water is to be removed by evaporation under vacuum, the hold-up of the reactor is increased, and the loss of hydrogen peroxide by decomposition is large. After all, the yield of the crystals based on hydrogen peroxide does not become high.

A method has also been suggested which comprises dissolving sodium carbonate in deionized water and thereafter, concentrating or cooling the solution to form sodium carbonate monohydrate or sodium carbonate decahydrate, and reacting it with hydrogen peroxide. The sodium carbonate monohydrate or decahydrate obtained by this method scarcely contains metals which may accelerate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, and the loss of hydrogen peroxide by decomposition is small. According to this method, however, the feeding of sodium carbonate hydrate to the reaction system results in an increase of excess water in the system. Consequently, the yield of sodium percarbonate crystals is decreased because of the decrease of the concentration of the slurry containing sodium percarbonate. Particularly, the increase of the excessive water is remarkable in continuous long-period operations. Furthermore, a step of concentrating or crystallizing an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is required so as to provide sodium carbonate monohydrate or decahydrate, and the process steps become complex. This is by no means advantageous to industrial practice.

Another method suggested in the past is to add a stabilizer as an organic chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or an inorganic salt such as a phosphate or silicate to the reaction system without purification of sodium carbonate or use of sodium monohydrate or sodium decahydrate. However, the conventional organic chelating agent or inorganic salt do not give entirely satisfactory results.

It is an object of this invention therefore to provide a process for producing sodium percarbonate from sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide while minimizing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide without any treatment of sodium carbonate.

In order to achieve the object of the invention, the present inventors have made extensive investigations, and found a stabilizer of an organic chelating agent type which exhibits an excellent effect against the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

According to this invention, there is provided a process for producing sodium percarbonate which comprises reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a stabilizer against the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in a working solution consisting of sodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide and water, said stabilizer being at least one N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-diaminoalkane of the following formula ##STR3## wherein R is either ##STR4## and n is 0 or 1 to 4.

According to this invention, the introduction of excess of water into the reaction system, which is one cause of the decreased yield of sodium percarbonate crystals, is obviated, and the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by metals derived from the starting sodium carbonate is fully inhibited by using a much smaller amount of the aforesaid stabilizer than known stabilizers. Hence, the yield of sodium percarbonate crystals formed on the basis of hydrogen peroxide is increased, and sodium percarbonate having excellent storage stability can be produced.

Typical examples of the N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)diaminoalkane having a branched chain which is represented by the general formula (A) include N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-1,2-diaminopropane, N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-2,3-diaminobutane, N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-1,3-diaminobutane, and N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-2,4-diaminopentane. Of these, N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-1,2-diaminopropane and N,N,N',N-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-2,3-diaminobutane are preferred.

The amount of the stabilizer in accordance with this invention is 100 to 1000 ppm, preferably 100 to 500 ppm, based on the working solution. If the amount is less than 100 ppm, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained. Even if it is more than 1000 ppm, no marked effect is obtained. The N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)diaminoalkane is a known compound and can be easily obtained by adding formalin dropwise to a mixed solution of a diaminoalkane whose alkyl moiety corresponds to R in general formula (A), phosphorous acid and hydrochloric acid.

Usually, solid powdery sodium carbonate of industrial grade having a purity of about 99% and containing metal impurities such as iron, manganese and copper is used as the starting sodium carbonate without any pre-treatment, and hydrogen peroxide is used in the form of an aqueous solution having a concentration of generally at least 35%, preferably 60 to 75%.

The ratio between the sodium carbonate and the hydrogen peroxide is such that when the composition of sodium peroxide is taken as 2Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3.3H.sub.2 O.sub.2, the hydrogen peroxide is used in an amount about 1.2 to about 2.0 times the theoretical amount.

The process of this invention can be conveniently carried out generally by preparing in a reactor a working solution containing 2.4 to 4.5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide and 9.5 to 12.4% by weight of sodium carbonate from the aforesaid industrial grade Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and a 60% aqueous solution of H.sub.2 O.sub.2, adding a predetermined amount of the N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)diaminoalkane, then reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide at a reaction temperature of 10.degree. to 30.degree. C., preferably 15.degree. to 20.degree. C. and a stirring speed of 200 to 500 rpm while adjusting the residence time of the crystal slurry to 0.5 to 1.5 hours, preferably 0.5 to 1.0 hour to crystallize sodium percarbonate, continuously withdrawing the resulting slurry from the reactor, collecting the crystals by filtration, and drying them.

The invention is not limited to the above procedure, and the reaction can also be carried out under reaction conditions known heretofore.

According to this invention, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide can be fully inhibited even in continuous long-term operation by using a much smaller amount of the stabilizer than in the case of using a conventional stabilizer of the organic chelating agent type. The process of the invention can thus provide sodium percarbonate having high quality and excellent storage stability in which the ratio of hydrogen peroxide to sodium carbonate in the crystals is close to the theoretical value.

The following Examples illustrate the present invention more specifically.

A working solution containing 2.4% by weight of hydrogen peroxide and 12.1% by weight of sodium carbonate was prepared in a 500 ml reactor equipped with an agitator and thermometer, and N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-1,2-diaminopropane (TPDT) was added to the working solution in an amount of 100 ppm, and then sodium carbonate and a 60% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide were charged continuously at a rate of 94 g/hr and 75 g/hr, respectively, with stirring. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 15.degree. C. and a stirring speed of 300 rpm continuously for 5 hours while adjusting the residence time of the crystal slurry to 30 minutes. The crystal slurry was continuously withdrawn from the reactor after a predetermined residence time. The crystral slurry was collected by separation, and dried. The weight of the resulting crystals and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the crystals were measured, and the yield of crystals per unit time based on added hydrogen peroxide was calculated. The resulting crystals were left to stand for 30 days in the open state in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 80% at 35.degree. C. The ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the crystals was used was a measure of storage stability. The results are shown in Table 1.

The H.sub.2 O.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 ratio of the resulting crystals was from 0.470 to 0.475.

Example 1 was repeated except that the amount of TPDP added was changed to 500 ppm. The yield after the lapse of 1 hour was 90%, and at this time, the ratio of decomposition of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 as a measure of the storage stability of the crystals, was 13.5%. After the lapse of 5 hours, the yield was 96%, and at this time, the ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as a measure of the storage stability of the crystals was 11.0%.

Example 1 was repeated except that 500 ppm of N,N,N',N'-tetra(phosphonomethyl)-2,3-diaminobutane (TPDB) was added instead of TPDP. The yield after the lapse of 1 hour was 96%, and at this time, the ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was 14%. After the lapse of 5 hours, the yield was 94%, and the ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was 12%.

Example 1 was repeated except that the amount of TPDP was changed at 300 ppm, and the operating time was changed to 48 hours. The results are shown in Table 2.

Example 1 was repeated except that 2000 ppm of EDTA was added instead of TPDP. After the lapse of 1 hour, the yield was 90%, and the ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was 27%. After the lapse of 5 hours, the yield was 85%, and the ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was 26%. The resulting crystals had an H.sub.2 O.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 ratio of from 0.465 to 0.470.

Example 1 was repeated except that EDTP (ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid) was used instead of TPDP, and the operating time was changed to 48 hours. After the lapse of 5 hours, the yield was 90%, and the ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was 20%. After the lapse of 20 hours, the yield was 85%, and the ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was 31%. At the end of 48 hours, the yield was 80%, and the ratio of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was as high as 38%.