Branched Ketones, Organoleptic Uses Thereof and Process for Preparing Same

The present invention relates to branched ketones of the genus of compounds having the structure: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 ' represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl; wherein one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines represents carbon-carbon single bonds, produced by the novel process of our invention, and to novel compositions using one or more of such branched ketones to augment or enhance the flavor and/or aroma of consumable materials, or impart flavor and/or aroma to consumable materials.

There has been considerable work performed relating to substances which can be used to impart (modify, augment or enhance) flavors and fragrances to (or in) various consumable materials. These substances are used to diminish the use of natural materials, some of which may be in short supply, and to provide more uniform properties in the finished product.

Woody, citrus, floral, ionone-like, incense-like, oriental, grapefruit-like, piney, fruity and rosin-like aromas with woody, citrusy, floral, ionone-like, oriental, grapefruit-like, piney, fruity and rosin-like tastes with bitter undertones are particularly desirable for many uses in foodstuff flavors, chewing gum flavors, toothpaste flavors, medicinal products flavors and chewing tobacco flavors.

Sweet, woody, oriental-like, camphoraceous, fruity and spicey aromas prior to smoking and woody, peppery and oriental-like aromas with natural tobacco nuances on smoking in the main-stream and in the side-stream are desirable in smoking tobaccos, smoking tobacco articles and in smoking tobacco flavoring compositions.

Fruity, warm, woody, amber, rum/cognac-like, sandalwood-like, sweet, floral, rich woody, vetiver-like, aromas with patchouli top-notes and minty undertones, are highly desirable in several types of perfume compositions, perfumed articles and colognes.

Unsaturated ketones including unsaturated branched aliphatic, acyclic ketones are well known for use in augmenting or enhancing the aroma and/or taste of consumable materials. Thus, Arctander, "Perfume & Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals)", published 1969, discloses at monograph No. 472, the use of butylidene acetone having the structure: ##STR3## Arctander states that butylidene acetone has a powerful, grassy, green, pungent odor and a rather poor tenacity. At monograph 2427, Vol. 2, Arctander states that Octylidene acetone having the structure: ##STR4## is useful in Jasmin compositions as a modifier for Amylcinnamic aldehyde, or in Gardenia and other heavy floral perfumes, where herbaceous-fruity notes are desirable and compatible with the fragrance picture.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,315,046 discloses the use as ingredients in perfumery of certain acylated olefins, which olefins have structures such as: ##STR5##

These materials are prepared interalia from commercial diisobutylene according to the reaction: ##STR6## wherein n is 3 or more, and R represents a hydrocarbon radical. Branched unsaturated alpha-beta ketones were known prior to that, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,246,032, issued on June 17, 1941, disclosing compounds having the generic structure: ##STR7## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.7 may be any member of the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic and cyclo paraffinic.

Also, claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,315,046 are compounds having the structures: ##STR8##

In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 2,463,742 discloses the reaction: ##STR9##

U.S. Pat. No. 3,453,317, issued on July 1, 1969, discloses certain gamma, delta unsaturated ketones as odorants for perfumery purposes at Column 4, line 33 including the group of ketones having the structure: ##STR10## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.5 are various hydrocarbon radicals.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,870,210, discloses as having aromas such as fruity, "reminiscent of apple juice" the compound 6,8-dimethyl-5-nonene-2-one having the structure: ##STR11## as well as 6,10-dimethyl-5-undecane-2-one having the structure: ##STR12##

Nothing in the prior art specifically discloses the genus of compounds having the structure: ##STR13## wherein R.sub.4 ' represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkyl; wherein one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond. And nothing in the prior art discloses the generic process: ##STR14## wherein R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' are the same or different and each represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 lower alkyl; wherein R.sub.4 ' is as defined above and wherein X is chloro or bromo. Indeed, the compounds and processes of our invention give rise to unexpected, unobvious and advantageous utilities insofar as organoleptic uses are concerned.

FIG. AA represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A using a 70% sulfuric acid catalyst at 35%C.

FIG. AB represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A using an Amberlyst.RTM. 15 acidic ion exchange resin catalyst at a temperature of 150.degree. C.

FIG. AC represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A, using an Amberlyst.RTM. 15 acidic ion exchange resin catalyst at a temperature of 150.degree. C.

FIG. AC represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A, using an Amberlyst.RTM. 15 catalyst at 100.degree. C.

FIG. AD represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A, using a sulfuric acid catalyst and an alpha-methylstyrene diluent at 35.degree. C. according to the conditions of United Kingdom Patent Specification No. 796,130 (crude reaction product).

FIG. AE represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A, using a sulfuric acid catalyst, at 35.degree. C. and an alpha-methyl styrene diluent according to the conditions of United Kingdom Patent Specification 796,130 (distilled reaction product). Distillation range: vapor temperature, 36.degree.-40.degree. C.; liquid temperature, 74.degree.-94.degree. C.; pressure, 4-5 mm/Hg.

FIG. BA represents the NMR spectrum for Peak 1 of the GLC profile of FIG. AE.

FIG. BB represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 1 of the GLC profile of FIG. AE. FIG. CA represents the NMR spectrum fir Peak 2 of the GLC profile of FIG. AE.

FIG. CB represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 2 of the GLC profile of FIG. AE.

FIG. D represents the NMR spectrum for Peak 2 of the GLC profile of FIG. AB.

FIG. 1 sets forth the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example I, containing compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR15## wherein in each molecule of the mixture, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines are carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 2A represents the infra-red spectrum of Peak 3 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2B represents the infra-red spectrum of Peak 4 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2C represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 5 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2D represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 6 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2E represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 7 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2F represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 8 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2G represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 9 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2H represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 10 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2J represents the NMR spectrum for a mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR16## produced according to Example I.

FIG. 2K represents the NMR spectrum for the compound having the structure: ##STR17## produced according to Example I.

FIG. 2L represents the NMR spectrum for the compound containing the structure: ##STR18## produced according to Example 1.

FIG. 3 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example II containing a mixture of compounds, each of which is defined according to the generic structure: ##STR19## wherein in each molecule one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines are carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 4 represents the infra-red spectrum for the product produced according to Example II containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR20##

FIG. 5 represents the mass spectrum for the reaction product of Example II, containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR21##

FIG. 6 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example III containing compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR22## wherein in each of the molecules of the mixture, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 7 represents the infra-red spectrum for the reaction product of Example III containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR23##

FIG. 8 represents the mass spectrum for the reaction product of Example III containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR24##

FIG. 9 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example IV, containing a mixture of compounds, each of which is defined according to the generic structure: ##STR25## wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 10 represents the infra-red spectrum for the reaction product of Example IV containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR26##

FIG. 11 represents the mass spectrum for the reaction product of Example IV containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR27##

FIG. 12 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example VA containing structures defined according to the genus having the structure: ##STR28## wherein in each of the molecules of the mixture, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon doulbe bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 13 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example VB containing a mixture of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR29## wherein in each of the molecules of the mixture, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 14 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example VIIA containing a mixture of compounds defined according to the genus having the structure: ##STR30## wherein in each of the molecules of the mixture, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represents carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 15 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example XXXIX containing the compound having the structute: ##STR31##

FIG. 16 is the NMR spectrum for the reaction product of Example XXXIX containing the compound having the structure: ##STR32##

FIG. 17 is the infra red spectrum for the reaction product of Example XXXIX containing the compound having the structure: ##STR33##

As discussed in application for U.S. letters patent Ser. No. 160,788 filed on June 19, 1980 and incorporated by reference herein, it has been recently ascertained that isoamylene may be dimerized to provide an inexpensive, highly useful, hydrocarbon material having commercially useful and commercially significant organoleptic properties in the field of perfumery. Thus, when isoamylene is dimerized, the following reaction takes place: ##STR34## yielding the products having the structures: ##STR35##

The compounds having the structures: ##STR36## depolymerize to form t-amylene, which, in turn, re-polymerizes to form the compound having the structure: ##STR37##

Thus, the dimerization product of diisoamylene is further reacted to form other significantly useful perfumery products, food flavor products and other organoleptically useful materials by means of acylation with either an acyl halide, or an acylanhydride according to the generic reaction: ##STR38## wherein R.sub.4 ' represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; wherein R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' are the same or different and each represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and wherein X is halogen selected from the group consisting of chloro or bromo; and wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and the other dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

Thus, it has now been discovered that novel solid and liquid foodstuff, chewing gum, medicinal products, toothpastes and chewing tobacco compositions, and flavoring compositions therefor having woody, citrus, floral, ionone-like, incense-like, oriental, grapefruit-like, piney, fruity and rosin-like aroma nuances as well as woody, citrus, floral, ionone-like, oriental, grapefruit-like, piney, fruity and rosin-like taste nuances with bitter undertones; as well as novel tobacco and tobacco flavoring compositions having sweet, woody, oriental, camphoraceous, fruity and spicey aroma and taste nuances prior to smoking, and woody, peppery and oriental-like aroma and taste nuances on smoking, in both the mainstream and the sidestream; as well as novel perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g. solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic detergents; cosmetic powders; hair preparations; fabric softener compositions; and dryer-added fabric softener articles) having an intense and long-lasting sweet, rich, warm woody, fruity, amber, rum/cognac-like, sandalwood, sweet floral and vetiver-like aroma nuances with patchouli top-notes as well as minty undertones, may be provided by the utilization of one or more branched acyclic, unsaturated ketone derivatives, defined according to the generic structure: ##STR39## wherein R.sub.4 ' represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl; wherein in each molecule, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines represents carbon-carbon single bonds.

Unless otherwise specified, representation herein of carbon-carbon double bonds are intended to indicate a "cis" isomer, a "trans" isomer, or a mixture of "cis" and "trans" isomers with respect to that carbon-carbon double bond in the event that the carbon-carbon double bond is susceptible of such "cis-trans" isomerism.

The novel branched, unsaturated ketones of our invention may be prepared by first preparing diisoamylene as by dimerizing isoamylene according to the reaction: ##STR40## The resulting diisoamylene material thus produced, is used "as is" in the subsequent acylation reaction. Thus, for example, the subsequent acylation reaction may be carried out on the mixture of diisoamylene molecules according to the reaction: ##STR41## wherein the acylation is carried out using an organic acid anhydride or a mixed anhydride, or an acyl halide. In the foregoing reaction, R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' represent the same or different C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl or i-butyl; and X represents chloro or bromo; and one of the dashed lines in the reaction product represents a carbon-carbon double bond, and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds. This reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst, which may be either a Lewis acid or a mineral acid. When using Lewis acids, such as boron trifluoride etherate, zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, zinc bromide, diethyl aluminum chloride, ethyl aluminum dichloride, stannic chloride or zinc bromide, the temperature of reaction may vary between -80.degree. C. and +80.degree. C. with a preferred reaction temperature of between -80.degree. C. and 50.degree. C. When using a mineral acid, such as, methane sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, or a mixture of methane sulfonic acid and phosphorous pendoxide, the temperature of reaction may vary between 25.degree. C. and 150.degree. C. with a preferred reaction temperature of between 40.degree. C. and 110.degree. C.

The mole ratio of dimer of isoamylene:acylating agent (e.g., acyl anhydride) may vary between 1:1.1 and 2:1.0, with a preferable mole ratio of diisoamylene:dimer:acylating agent being about 1:0.7. Various acyl anhydrides or acyl halides may be used, for example:

Acetic anhydride

Propionic anhydride

n-Butyric anhydride

i-Butyric anhydride

Acetic propionic anhydride

Acetic n-butyric anhydride

Acetic i-butyric anhydride

Propionic i-butyric anhydride

Propionic n-butyric anhydride

Acetyl chloride

Iso-valeryl chloride

Iso-butyryl chloride

n-Propionyl chloride

n-Propionyl bromide

The concentration of catalysts in the reaction mass may vary from 2.5 weight percent to 150 weight percent with a preferred concentration (Lewis acid or mineral acid) being between 5 and 10% by weight of the reaction mass.

Although an inert solvent may be used in the reaction mass (e.g., benzene, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and mixtures of methylene dichloride and pyridene) with certain catalysts it is preferred that no solvent be used and with other catalysts it is preferred that specific solvents be used in order to achieve specific effects. Thus, when using acetic anhydride in the presence of a boron trifluoride etherate catalyst, it is preferred that no additional solvent be used. On the other hand, when using iso-valeryl chloride as a reactant it is preferred that the solvent used is a mixture of methylene dichloride and pyridene when using a stannic chloride catalyst.

Although pressures greater than or less than atmospheric pressure may be used, no specific advantages are seen in using higher or lower pressures insofar as conversion, yield or time of reaction is concerned.

Accordingly, it is most preferred to use atmospheric pressure as a reaction condition.

Interestingly, when iso-valeryl chloride is used as a reactant with the diisoamylene reaction product, at a temperature of -78.degree. C. using a stannic chloride catalyst and a methylene dichloride and pyridine solvent, substantially pure isomer having the structure: ##STR42## is formed and this effect in it of itself is surprising and unexpected.

The following table sets forth specific reaction products contemplated within the scope of our invention, and their individual organoleptic properties; that is insofar as smoking tobacco aroma and taste are concerned, food flavor is concerned, and perfume aroma is concerned:

When the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivatives of our invention are used as food flavor adjuvants, the nature of the co-ingredients included with each of the said unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivatives in formulating the product composition will also serve to alter, modify, augment or enhance the organoleptic characteristics of the ultimate foodstuff treated therewith.

As used herein in regard to flavors, the terms "alter", "modify" and "augment" in their various forms means "supplying or imparting flavor character or note to otherwise bland, relatively tasteless substances or augmenting the existing flavor characteristic where a natural flavor is deficient in some regard or supplementing the existing flavor impression to modify its quality, character or taste".

The term "enhance" is used herein to mean the intensification of a flavor or aroma characteristic or note without the modification of the quality thereof. Thus, "enhancement" of a flavor or aroma means that the "enhancement" of a flavor or aroma means that the enhancement agent does not add any additional flavor note.

As used herein, the term "foodstuff" includes both solid and liquid ingestible materials which usually do, but need not, have nutritional value. Thus, foodstuffs include soups, convenience foods, beverages, dairy products, candies, vegetables, cereals, soft drinks, snacks and the like.

As used herein, the term "medicinal product" includes both solids and liquids which are ingestible non-toxic materials which have medicinal value such as cough syrups, cough drops, aspirin and chewable medicinal tablets.

The term "chewing gum" is intended to mean a composition which comprises a substantially water-insoluble, chewable plastic gum base such as chicle, or substitutes therefor, including jelutong, guttakay, rubber or certain cosmetible natural or synthetic resins or waxes. Incorporated with the gum base in admixture therewith may be plasticizers or softening agents, e.g., glycerine; and a flavoring composition which incorporates one of the unsaturated branched-chain ketones of our invention, and in addition, sweetening agents which may be sugars, including sucrose or dextrose and/or artificial sweeteners such as cyclamates or saccharin. Other optional ingredients may also be present.

Substances suitable for use herein as co-ingredients or flavoring adjuvants are well known in the art for such use, being extensively described in the relevant literature. It is a requirement that any such material be "ingestibly" acceptable and thus non-toxic and otherwise non-deleterious particularly from an organoleptic standpoint whereby the ultimate flavor and/or aroma of the consumable material used is not caused to have unacceptable aroma and taste nuances. Such materials may in general be characterized as flavoring adjuvants or vehicles comprising broadly stabilizers, thickeners, surface active agents, conditioners, other flavorants and flavor intensifiers.

Stabilizer compounds include preservatives, e.g., sodium chloride; antioxidants, e.g., calcium and sodium ascorbate, ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole(mixture of 2- and 3-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole),butylated hydroxytoluene (2,6-di-tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol), propyl gallate and the like and sequestrants, e.g., citric acid.

Thickener compounds include carriers, binders, protective colloids, suspending agents, emulsifiers and the like, e.g., agar agar, carrageenan, cellulose and cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose; natural and synthetic gums such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth; gelatin, proteinaceous materials; lipids; carbohydrates; starches, pectins, and emulsifiers, e.g., mono and diglycerides of fatty acids, skim milk powder, hexoses, pentoses, disaccharides, e.g., sucrose, corn syrup and the like.

Surface active agents include emulsifying agents, e.g., fatty acids such as capric acid, caprylic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid and the like, mono and diglycerides of fatty acids, lecithin, defoaming and flavor-dispersing agents such as sorbitan monostearate, potassium stearate, hydrogenated tallow alcohol and the like.

Conditioners include compounds such as bleaching and maturing agents, e.g., benzoyl peroxide, calcium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide and the like; starch modifiers such as peracetic acid, sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, propylene oxide, succinic anhydride and the like, buffers and neutralizing agents, e.g., sodium acetate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium phosphate, citric acid, lactic acid, vinegar and the like; colorants, e.g., carminic acid, cochineal, tumeric and curcuma and the like; firming agents such as aluminum sodium sulfate, calcium chloride and calcium gluconate; texturizers, anticaking agents, e.g., aluminum calcium sulfate and tribasic calcium phosphate; enzymes; yeast foods, e.g. calcium lactate and calcium sulfate; nutrient supplements, e.g., iron salts such as ferric phosphate, ferrous gluconate and the like, riboflavin, vitamins, zinc sources such as zinc chloride, zinc sulfate and the like.

Other flavorants and flavor intensifiers include aldehydes, esters, natural oils, alcohols, sulfides, ketones, lactones, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons such as heliotropin, terpineol-4, benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, phenyl acetaldehyde, benzyl formate, benzyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl benzoate, methyl hexanoate, hexanal, eucalyptol, eugenol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, turpentine gum oil, limonene, gum camphor, isobornyl acetate, borneol, cinnamic aldehyde, cuminic aldehyde, furfural, methyl cinnamate, cassia oil, vanillin, maltol, parahydroxybenzyl acetone, dimethyl sulfide, alpha-ionone, acetic acid, isobutyl acetate, acetone, butyric acid, formic acid, valeric acid, amyl acetate, amyl butyrate, anethol, benzyl salicylate, diacetyl, di-methyl anthranilate, ethyl methylphenylglycidate, ethyl succinate, ethyl valerate, geraniol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 2-hexenyl acetate, 2-hexenyl butyrate, 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, beta-ionone, isobutyl cinnamate, jasmine, lemon essential oil, methyl butyrate, methyl caproate, methyl disulfide, methyl p-naphthyl ketone, orris butter, rose absolute, terpenyl acetate, gammaundecalactone, vanilla and alcohol.

The specific flavoring adjuvant selected for use may be either solid or liquid depending upon the desired physical form of the ultimate product, i.e., foodstuff, whether simulated or natural, should, in any event, (i) be organoleptically compatible with the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivatives of our invention by not covering or spoiling the organoleptic properties (aroma and/or taste) thereof; (ii) be nonreactive with the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivatives of our invention and (iii) be capable of providing an environment in which the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivatives can be dispersed or admixed to provide homogeneous medium. In addition, selection of one or more flavoring adjuvants, as well as the quantities thereof will depend upon the precise organoleptic character desired in the finished product. Thus, in the case of flavoring compositions, ingredient selection will vary in accordance with the foodstuff, chewing gum, medicinal product or toothpaste to which the flavor and/or aroma are to be imparted, modified, altered or enhanced. In contradistinction, in the preparation of solid products, e.g. simulated foodstuffs, ingredients capable of provuding normally solid compositions should be selected such as various cellulose derivatives.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the amount of unsaturated branched-chain ketones employed in a particular instance can vary over a relatively wide range, depending upon the desired organoleptic effects to be achieved. Thus, correspondingly, greater amounts would be necessary in those instances wherein the ultimate food composition to be flavored is relatively bland to the taste, whereas relatively minor quantities may suffice for purposes of enhancing the composition merely deficient in natural flavor or aroma. The primary requirement is that the amount selected to be effective, i.e., sufficient to alter, modify or enhance the organoleptic characteristics of the parent composition, whether foodstuff per se, chewing gum, per se, medicinal product per se, toothpaste per se, or flavoring composition.

The use of insufficient quantities of unsaturated branched-chain ketones will, of course, substantially vitiate any possibility of obtaining the desired results while excess quantities prove needlessly costly and, in extreme cases, may disrupt the flavor-aroma balance, thus proving self defeating. Accordingly, the terminology "effective amount" and "sufficient amount" is to be accorded a significance in the context of the present invention consistent with the obtention of desired flavoring effects.

Thus, and with respect to ultimate food compositions, chewing gum compositions, medicinal product compositions and toothpaste compositions, it is found that quantities of unsaturated branched-chain ketones ranging from a small, but effective amount, 0.05 parts per million up to about 100 parts per million based on total composition are suitable. Concentrations in excess of the maximum quantity stated are not normally recommended, since they fail to prove commensurate enhancement of organoleptic properties. In those instances, wherein the unsaturated branched-chain ketones are added to the foodstuff as an integral component of a flavoring composition, it is, of course, essential that the total quantity of flavoring composition employed be sufficient to yield an effective unsaturated branched-chain ketones concentration in the foodstuff product.

Food flavoring compositions prepared in accordance with the present invention preferably contain the unsaturated branched-chain ketones in concentrations ranging from about 0.1% up to about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the said flavoring composition.

The composition described herein can be prepared according to conventional techniques well known as typified by cake batters and fruit drinks and can be formulated by merely admixing the involved ingredients within the proportions stated in a suitable blender to obtain the desired consistency. homogeneity of dispersion, etc. Alternatively, flavoring compositions in the form of particulate solids can be conveniently prepared by mixing the unsaturated branched-chain ketones with, for example, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, carrageenan and the like, and thereafter spray-drying the resultant mixture whereby to obtain the particular solid product. Pre-prepared flavor mixes in powder form, e.g., a fruit-flavored powder mix are obtained by mixing the dried solid components, e.g., starch, sugar and the like and the unsaturated branched-chain ketones in a dry blender until the requisite degree of uniformity is achieved.

It is presently preferred to combine with the unsaturated branched-chain ketones of our invention, the following adjuvants:

Heliotropin;

Terpineol-4;

Benzaldehyde;

Anisaldehyde;

Phenyl acetaldehyde;

Benzyl formate;

Benzyl acetate;

Cis-3-hexenyl benzoate;

Methyl Hexanoate;

Hexanal;

Eucalyptol;

Eugenol;

Acetaldehyde;

Ethyl acetate;

Ethyl butyrate;

Turpentine gum oil;

Limonene;

Gum camphor;

Isobornyl acetate;

Borneol;

Cinnamic aldehyde;

Cuminic aldehyde;

Furfural;

Methyl cinnamate;

Cassia oil;

Vanillin;

Maltol;

Parahydroxybenzylacetone;

Dimethyl sulfide;

Alpha-ionone;

Acetic acid;

Isobutyl acetate;

Acetone;

Butyric acid;

Formic acid;

Valeric acid;

Amyl acetate;

Amyl butyrate;

Anethol;

Benzyl salicylate;

Diacetyl;

Dimethyl anthranilate;

Ethyl methylphenylglycidate;

Ethyl succinate;

Ethyl valerate;

Geraniol;

Cis-3-hexen-1-ol;

2-Hexenyl acetate;

2-Hexenyl butyrate;

Hexyl butyrate;

4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone;

Beta-ionone;

Isobutyl cinnamate;

Jasmine;

Lemon essential oil;

Methyl butyrate;

Methyl capronate;

Methyl disulfide;

Methyl p-naphthyl ketone;

Orris butter;

Rose absolute;

Terpenyl acetate;

Gamma-undecalactone;

Vanilla; and

Alcohol.

An additional aspect of our invention provides an organoleptically improved smoking tobacco product and additives therefor, as well as methods of making the same which overcome problems heretofore encountered in which specific desired sweet, woody, oriental, spicey and fruity flavor characteristics of natural "Turkish-like" tobacco (prior to smoking and, on smoking, in the mainstream and in the sidestream) are created or enhanced or modified or augmented and may be readily controlled and maintained at the desired uniform level regardless of variations in the tobacco components of the blend.

This invention further provides improved tobacco additives and methods whereby various desirable natural aromatic tobacco flavoring characteristics with sweet, woody, oriental type, camphoraceous, fruity and spicey, as well as peppery taste and aroma nuances may be imparted to smoking tobacco products, and may be readily varied and controlled to produce the desired uniform flavoring characteristics.

In carrying out this aspect of our invention, we add to smoking tobacco materials or a suitable substitute therefor (e.g., dried lettuce leaves) an aroma and flavor additive containing as an active ingredient one or more unsaturated branched-chain ketones of our invention.

In addition to the unsaturated branched-chain ketones of our invention other flavoring and aroma additives may be added to the smoking tobacco material or substitute therefor either separately or in mixture with the unsaturated branched-chain ketones as follows:

Beta-ethyl-cinnamaldehyde;

Eugenol;

Dipentene;

Damascenone;

Maltol;

Ethyl maltol;

Delta undecalactone;

Delta decalactone;

Benzaldehyde;

Amyl acetate;

Ethyl butyrate;

Ethyl valerate;

Ethyl acetate;

2-Hexenol-1;

2-Methyl-5-isopropyl-1,3-nonadiene-8-one;

2,6-Dimethyl-2,6-undecadiene-10-one;

2-Methyl-5-isopropylacetophenone;

2-Hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)decahydronaphthalene;

Dodecahydro-3a6,6,9a-tetramethyl-naphtho-(2,1 furan

4-Hydroxyhexanoic acid, gamma lactone; and

Polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons defined in Example V of U.S. Pat. No. 3,589,372 issued on June 29, 1971.

Celery seed oil;

Coffee extract;

Bergamot Oil;

Cocoa extract;

Nutmeg Oil; and

Origanum oil.

An aroma and flavoring concentrate containing one or more unsaturated branched-chain ketones of our invention and, if desired, one or more of the above indicated additional flavoring additives may be added to the smoking tobacco material, to the filter or to the leaf or paper wrapper. The smoking tobacco material may be shredded, cured, cased and blended tobacco material or tobacco substitutes (e.g., lettuce leaves) or mixtures thereof. The proportions of flavoring additives may e varied in accordance with taste but insofar as enhancement or the imparting of natural and/or sweet notes and/or woody notes and/or oriental-like notes and/or camphoraceous notes and/or fruity notes and/or spicey notes and/or peppery notes, we have found that satisfactory results are obtained in the proportion by weight of the sum total of unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) to smoking tobacco material is between 50 ppm and 1,500 ppm (0.015%-0.15%). We have further found that satisfactory results are obtained if the proportion by weight of the sum total of unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivatives used to flavoring material is between 1,500 and 15,000 ppm (0.15%-1.5%).

Any convenient method for incorporating the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) into the tobacco product may be employed. Thus, the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) taken alone or along with other flavoring additives may be dissolved in a suitable solvent such as ethanol, diethyl ether and/or volative organic solvents and the resulting solution may either be spread on the cured, cased and blended tobacco material or the tobacco material may be dipped into such solution. Under certain circumstances, a solution of the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) taken alone or taken further together with other flavoring additives as set forth above, may be applied by means of a suitable applicator such as a brush or roller on the paper or leaf wrapper for the smoking product, or it may be applied to the filter by either spraying or dipping, or coating.

Furthermore, it will be apparent that only a portion of the tobacco or substitute therefor need be treated and the thus treated tobacco may be blended with other tobaccos before the ultimate tobacco product is formed. In such cases, the tobacco treated may have the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) in excess of the amounts or concentrations above indicated so that when blended with other tobaccos, the final product will have the percentage within the indicated range.

In accordance with one specific example of our invention, an aged, cured and shredded domestic burley tobacco is sprayed with a 20% ethyl alcohol solution of the compound having the structure: ##STR51## in an amount to provide a tobacco composition containing 800 ppm by weight of said compound on a dry basis. Thereafter, the alcohol is removed by evaporation and the tobacco is manufactured into cigarettes by the usual techniques. The cigarette, when treated as indicated has a desired and pleasing aroma which is defined as woody and peppery with oriental and fruity and spicey undertones detectable in the main and the sidestreams when the cigarette is smoked. This aroma is described as being sweeter, more aromatic, more Turkish tobacco-like and having sweet, fruity, peppery, woody and oriental nuances which cause the burley tobacco to equate Turkish-like.

While our invention is particularly useful in the manufacture of smoking tobacco, such as cigarette tobacco, cigar tobacco and pipe tobacco, other tobacco products, formed from the sheeted tobacco dust or fines may also be used. Likewise, the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) of our invention can be incorporated with materials such as filter tip materials (e.g., cellulose acetate filte-s wherein sweet, woody, oriental, spicey and/or fruity effects are desired), seam paste, packaging materials and the like which are used along with tobacco to form a product adapted for smoking. Furthermore, the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) can be added to certain tobacco substitutes of natural or synthetic origin (e.g., dried lettuce leaves) and, accordingly, by the term "tobacco" as used throughout this specification is meant any composition intended for human consumption by smoking or otherwise, whether composed of tobacco of tobacco plant parts or substitute materials or both.

The unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) and one or more auxiliary perfume ingredients, including, for example, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, nitriles, esters, lactones or cyclic ester, synthetic essential oils and natural essential oils, may be admixed so that the combined odors of the individual components produce a pleasant and desired fragrance, particularly and preferably in the woody, sandalwood-like, patchouli-like, amber and/or vetiver and/or fruity fragrances. Such perfume compositions usually contain (a) the main note or the "bouquet" or foundation stone of the composition; (b) modifiers which round off and accompany the main note; (c) fixatives which include odorous substances which lead a particular note to the perfume throughout all stages of evaporation and substances which retard evaporation; and (d) topnotes which are usually low boiling fresh smelling materials.

In perfume composition, it is the individual components which contribute to their particular olfactory characteristics, however the over-all sensory effect of the perfume composition will be at least the sum total of the effects of each of the ingredients. Thus, one or more of the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) of our invention can be used to alter, modify or enhance the aroma characteristics of a perfume composition, for example, by utilizing or moderating the olfactory reaction contributed by another ingredient in the composition.

The amount of unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) of our invention which will be effective in perfume compositions as well as in perfumed articles and colognes depends on many factors, including the other ingredients, their amounts and the effects which are desired. It has been found that perfume compositions containing as little as 0.01% of unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) or even less (e.g., 0.005%) can be used to impart a sweet, rich, warm woody, fruity, amber, rum/cognac-like, sandalwood-like, sweet, floral, long-lasting vetiver-like aromas with patchouli top-notes and minty undertones to soaps, cosmetics, detergents (including anionic, nonionic and cationic detergents) or other products. The amount employed can range up to 70% of the fragrance components and will depend on considerations of cost, nature of the end product, the effect desired on the finished product and the particular fragrance sought.

The unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) of our invention are useful (taken alone or together with other ingredients in perfume compositions) in detergents and soaps, space odorants and deodorants, perfumes, colognes, toilet water, bath preparations, such as lacquers, brillantines, pomades and shampoos; cosmetic preparations, such as creams, deodorants, hand lotions and sun screens; powders, such as talcs, dusting powders, face powders and the like. As little as 1% of the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) will suffice to impart an intense piney note to woody perfume formulations. Generally, no more than 3% of the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) based on the ultimate end product, is required in the perfume composition.

In addition, the perfume composition or fragrance composition of our invention can contain a vehicle, or carrier for the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s). The vehicle can be a liquid such as a non-toxic alcohol, a non-toxic glycol, or the like. The carrier can also be an absorbent solid, such as a gum (e.g., gum arabic), or components for encapsulating the composition (such as gelatin).

It will thus be apparent that the unsaturated branched-chain ketone derivative(s) of our invention can be utilized to alter, modify or enhance sensory properties, particularly organoleptic properties, such as flavor(s) and/or fragrance(s) of a wide variety of consumable materials.

The following Example A sets forth procedures for preparing presursors of the compounds of our invention, the unsaturated branched-chain ketones.

The following Examples I-VIII and XXXIX set forth procedures for preparing the unsaturated branched-chaing ketones of our invention.

The ramainder of the examples set forth the uses of the unsaturated branched-chain ketones of our invention for their organoleptic properties.

It will be understood that these examples are illustrative and that the invention is to be considered restricted thereto, only as indicated in the appended claims.

All parts and percentages given herein are by weight, unless otherwise specified.

Reaction: ##STR52## (wherein in each of the molecules indicated, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines are carbon-carbon single bonds).

Di-isoamylene is prepared according to one of the procedures set forth in the following references:

i--Murphy & Lane, Ind. Eng. Chem., Prod. Res. Dev., Vol. 14, No. 3, 1975 p. 167 (Title: Oligomerization of 2-Methyl-2-Butene in Sulfuric and Sulfuric-Phosphoric Acid Mixtures).

ii--Whitmore & Mosher, Vol. 68, J. Am. Chem. Soc., February, 1946, p. 281 (Title: The Depolymerization of 3,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-hexene and 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-heptene in Relation to the Dimerization of Isoamylenes)

iii--Whitmore & Stahly, Vol. 67, J. Am. Chem. Soc., December, 1945, p. 2158 (Title: The Polymerization of Olefins. VIII The Depolymerization of Olefins in Relation to Intramolecular Rearrangements. II)

iv--U.S. Pat. No. 3,627,700, issued on Dec. 14, 1971, (Zuech)

v--U.S. Pat. No. 3,538,181, issued on Nov. 3, 1970, (Banks)

vi--U.S. Pat. No. 3,461,184, issued on Aug. 12, 1969 (Hay, et al)

vii--Gurwitsch, Chemische Berichte, 1912, Vol. 2, p. 796 (Production of Di-isoamylene From Isoamylene Using Mercury Acetate Catalyst)

As an illustration, and not by way of limitation, the following example sets forth the preparation of diisoamylenes useful in producing the unsaturated branched-chain ketones which are useful in producing the fragrances, foodstuff flavor formulations, other flavor formulations and aromatized tobaccos of our invention.

Over a period of ten hours, 2-methyl-2-butene is pumped through a 5'.times.5/8 (0.625 inch) tube packed with 15.0 g of polystyrene sulfonic acid catalyst, at a temperature of 100.degree. C. and at a pressure of 400 psig.

The resulting material was distilled in a fractionation column in order to separate the diisoamylene from the higher molecular weight polymers, which are formed during the reaction as by-products. This material distills at 36.degree.-40.degree. C. vapor temperature; 74.degree.-94.degree. C. liquid temperature and 4-5 mm/Hg pressure. This material will be used in the syntheses in the following examples.

FIG. AA represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A using a 70% sulfuric acid catalyst at 35%C.

FIG. AB represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A using an Amberlyst.RTM. 15 acidic ion exchange resin catalyst at a temperature of 150.degree. C.

FIG. AC represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A, using an Amberlyst.RTM. 15 catalyst at 100.degree. C.

FIG. AD represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A, using a sulfuric acid catalyst and an alpha-methylstyrene diluent at 35.degree. C. according to the conditions of United Kingdom Patent Specification No. 796,130 (crude reaction product).

FIG. AE represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example A-1 using a sulfuric acid catalyst at 35.degree. C. and an alpha-methyl styrene diluent according to the conditions of United Kingdom Patent Specification No. 796,130 (distilled reaction product). Distillation range: 36.degree.-40.degree. C. vapor temperature; 74.degree.-94.degree. C. liquid temperature and 4-5 mm/Hg pressure.

FIG. BA represents the NMR spectrum for Peak 1 of the GLC profile of FIG. AE.

FIG. BB represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 1 of the GLC profile of FIG. AE.

FIG. CA represents the NMR spectrum for Peak 2 of the GLC profile of FIG. AE.

FIG. CB represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 2 of the GLC profile of FIG. AE.

FIG. D represents the NMR spectrum for Peak 2 of the GLC profile of FIG. AB.

Reaction: ##STR53## wherein in each of the structures containing dashed lines, these structures represent mixtures of molecules wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines respresent carbon-carbon single bonds.

Into a 2-liter reaction flask equipped with stirrer, thermometer, reflex condenser and heating mantle, is placed 1000 g of acetic anhydride and 80 g of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The resulting mixture is heated to 80.degree. C. and, over a period of 40 minutes, 690 g of diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration in Example A-1, supra is added. The reaction mass is maintained at 82.degree.-85.degree. C. for a period of 5.5 hours, whereupon it is cooled to room temperature. The reaction mass is then added to one liter of water and the resulting mixture is stirred thereby yielding two phases; an organic phase and an aqueous phase. The organic phase is separated from the aqueous phase and neutralized with two liters of 12.5% sodium hydroxide followed by one liter of saturated sodium chloride solution. The resulting organic phase is then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and distilled in a one plate distillation column, yielding the following fractions:

The resulting material is then distilled on a multi-plate fractionation column, yielding the following fractions at the following reflux ratios:

Fractions 5-9 of the above distillation are bulked for organoleptic evaluation in the following examples. GLC, NMR, IR and mass spectral analyses yield the information that the resulting material is a mixture of cis and trans isomers having a generic structure: ##STR54## wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon single bond and, primarily, this mixture contains the molecular species (cis and trans isomers) as follows: ##STR55##

FIG. 1 sets forth the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example I, containing compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR56## wherein in each molecule of the mixture, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines are carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 2A represents the infra-red spectrum of Peak 3 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2B represents the infra-red spectrum of Peak 4 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2C represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 5 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2D represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 7 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2E represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 7 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2F represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 8 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2G represents the infra-red spectrum for Peak 9 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2H represents the infra-red spectrum for peak 10 of the GLC profile of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2J represents the NMR spectrum for a mixture of compounds having the structure: ##STR57## produced according to Example I.

FIG. 2K represents the NMR spectrum for the compound having the structure: ##STR58## produced according to Example I.

FIG. 2L represents the NMR spectrum for the compound containing the structure: ##STR59## produced according to Example I.

Reaction: ##STR60## wherein in each of the structures containing dashed lines, these structures represent mixtures of molecules wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

Into a 5-liter reaction flask equipped with reflux condenser, addition funnel, thermometer, "Thermowatch", heating mantle and nitrogen purge accessory is placed 1000 g (7.45 moles) of propionic anhydride, 94% and 91.4 ml (0.745 moles) of boron trifluoride etherate. The resulting mixture is heated to 65.degree. C. Over a twenty-five minute period, 1,501 ml (7.45 moles) of the diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added while maintaining the reaction mass at 65.degree.-70.degree. C. The reaction mass is then stirred for a period of thirty minutes at 65.degree. C. whereupon it is cooled and poured into a 3 liter separator funnel. 75 ml water is then added, followed by 75 ml 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide and another 25 ml water. The reaction mass is then poured into a 4 liter beaker and cooled to room temperature using a dry ice-isopropyl alcohol bath. The reaction mass is then added to a 5-liter separatory funnel and the lower aqueous layer is removed. The upper organic phase is washed with 500 cc of saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase is then washed with 500 cc 5% sodium hydroxide followed by 500 cc saturated sodium chloride, followed by 500 cc of 5% sodium hydroxide. The pH of the oil is now in a range of 6-7. The oil is then again washed with 500 cc saturated sodium chloride.

The aqueous phase is extracted with 400 ml diethyl ether. The resulting material is then distilled on a two inch splash column yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 5, 6 and 7 are then bulked for redistillation and the bulked material is distilled on a one-inch Goodloe Silver Mirror Column, yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 2-10 are then bulked and redistilled on a 1-foot Goodloe Silver Mirror Column, again yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 3-7 of the foregoing distillation are bulked for organoleptic evaluation and for testing in flavor and fragrance examples, infra.

The resulting material is analyzed using GLC, IR, mass spectral and NMR analyses yielding information that the resulting material is a mixture of compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR61## wherein in each molecule of the mixture, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines are carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 3 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example II containing a mixture of compounds, each of which is defined according to the generic structure: ##STR62## wherein in each molecule one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines are carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 4 represents the infra-red spectrum for the product produced according to Example II containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR63##

FIG. 5 represents the mass spectrum for the reaction product of Example II, containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR64##

Reaction: ##STR65## wherein in each of the structures containing dashed lines, these structures represent mixtures of molecules wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

Into a 5-liter reaction flask equipped with electric stirrer, heating mantle, thermometer, 24/40 "Y" joint, addition funnel and reflux condenser is added 960 g of n-butyric anhydride, followed by 105 ml boron trifluoride. The resulting mixture is heated to 65.degree. C. and a Thermowatch is attached (reaction must not exceed a pot temperature of 65.degree. C.).

The reaction mass is heated to 65.degree. C. and dropwise addition of 1,725 ml of diisoamylene, prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added over a period of 3.5 hours while maintaining the reaction mass at a temperature of 65.degree. C.

At the end of the addition, the reaction mass is cooled to 38.degree. C. and then transferred to a 5-liter separatory funnel. 75 ml of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide and 100 ml water are then added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass now exists in two phases; an aqueous phase and an organic phase. The organic phase is washed with one liter of saturated sodium chloride solution thereby creating a pH of 4-5. The reaction mass is then washed with 1-liter of 12.5% sodium hydroxide, stirred for fifteen minutes, and then separated. The resulting organic phase is then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilled on a 1-inch Stone column yielding the following fractions:

The resulting fractions 7, 8 and 9 are bulked and redistilled on a 2 foot stainless steel column yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 3 and 4 of the foregoing distillation are bulked for use in subsequent examples and for organoleptic evaluations.

FIG. 6 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example III containing compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR66##

Reaction: ##STR67## wherein in each of the structures containing dashed lines, these structures represent mixtures of molecules wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

Into a 5-liter reaction flask, equipped with reflux condenser, addition funnel, thermometer, Thermowatch, heating mantle and nitrogen purge accessory is placed 1361 g (8.6 moles) of isobutyric anhydride. 105 ml (0.86 moles) of boron trifluoride etherate is then added to the isobutyric anhydride. The resulting mixture is then heated to 65.degree. C. Over a period of 4 hours, 1725 g (8.6 moles) of diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added to the reaction mass, while maintaining the reaction mass at a temperature of 83.degree.-85.degree. C.

The reaction mass is then cooled to room temperature and is added to a 5-liter separatory funnel. 75 ml of 50% sodium hydroxide (aqueous) and 100 ml water is then added to the reaction mass thus yielding two phases, an aqueous phase and an organic phase. The lower aqueous phase is removed and the organic phase is washed as follows:

A--1 liter saturated sodium chloride

B--1 liter 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide

C--1 liter saturated sodium chloride

D--1 liter 12.5% sodium hydroxide

E--1 liter 12.5% sodium hydroxide

The reaction mass is the distilled on a two inch splash column packed with stones yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 5 and 6 of the resulting distillate are then bulked and redistilled yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 3-9 of this distillation are then rebulked and redistilled on a 12 inch Goodloe Silver Mirror column yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 4-7 of the foregoing distillation are bulked for organoleptic evaluation and for use in the following flavor and flavor utility examples.

The resulting reaction product is analyzed by means of GLC, NMR, IR and mass spectral analyses and this confirms that the reaction product is a mixture of compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR68## wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other two of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds. The major components of this mixture are compounds having the structures: ##STR69##

FIG. 9 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example IV, containing a mixture of compounds, each of which is defined according to the generic structure: ##STR70## wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represent a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 10 represents the infra-red spectrum for the reaction product of Example IV containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR71##

FIG. 11 represents the mass spectrum for the reaction product of Example IV containing the compounds having the structures: ##STR72##

Reaction: ##STR73##

Into a 5-liter reaction flask equipped with electric stirrer, thermometer, addition funnel, 24/42 y-tube, condenser, heating mantle and nitrogen purge accessories are added 41 ml of 70% methane sulfonic acid followed by 30 g of phosphorus pentoxide. The resulting mixture exotherms to 60.degree. C.

Over a period of 7 minutes, 235 ml acetic anhydride is added to the reaction mass while maintaining same at a temperature of 65.degree. C. Over a period of 30 minutes while maintaining the reaction temperature at 80.degree. C., 516 ml of diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added dropwise to the reaction mass. At the end of the addition of the diisoamylene, GLC analysis indicates 42% product.

The reaction mass is added to a 5 gallon open head separatory flask containing 1 liter of water.

The resulting mixture is washed with 1 liter of 12% sodium hydroxide followed by 1 liter of saturated sodium chloride solution. 100 ml toluene is added to help separation.

GLC, NMR, IR and mass spectral analyses yield the information that the resulting organic phase is a mixture of compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR74## wherein in each of the molecules one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other two of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

The resulting reaction product is then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and distilled on a 3-inch stone column yielding the following fractions:

Fraction 2, 3 and 4 are bulked and evaluated for their organoleptic properties and for use in subsequent examples which cover flavor and fragrance utilities.

FIG. 12 represents the GLC profile for the reaction product of Example VA containing structures defined according to the genus having the structure: ##STR75## wherein in each of the molecules of the mixture, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

To a 500 ml reaction flask equipped with reflux condenser, addition funnel, thermometer, Thermowatch, heating mantle, cooling bath and nitrogen purge accessories, is added 406 ml of acetic anhydride and 30 ml boron trifluoride etherate. Fractions 2 and 3 are bulked for organoleptic evaluation for use in subsequent examples. The reaction mass is heated to 60.degree. C. and while maintaining the reaction mass at 60.degree. C. over a period of 30 minutes, diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added. The resulting reaction mass is then heated, with stirring at 60.degree. C. for a period of 12 hours. At the end of the 12 hour period, the reaction mass is distilled yielding the following fractions:

The resulting mass, by GLC, IR, NMR and mass spectral analyses consist of compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR76## wherein in each of the molecules one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other two of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 13 sets forth the GLC profile for the reaction product of this Example VB.

Reaction: ##STR77##

Into 5000 ml reaction flask equipped with reflux condenser, addition funnel, thermometer, Thermowatch, heating mantle, cooling bath and nitrogen purge accessory, is added 415 ml propionic anhydride, 11 g of methane sulfonic acid and 35 ml of boron trifluoride etherate. The reaction mass is heated to 60.degree. C. and over a period of 30 minutes, 1850 ml of diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added. The reaction mass is then stirred at 60.degree. C. for a period of 12 hours. At the end of the 12 hour period, the reaction mass is distilled on a Goodloe fractionation column to yield a mixture of compounds having the generic structure: ##STR78## wherein in each of the molecules therein one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond. The reaction structures are confirmed by GLC, NMR, IR and mass spectral analyses.

The product distills at a vapor temperature of 68.degree.-70.degree. C. and a pressure of 1.0 mm/Hg. This product is utilized for its organoleptic properties and for use in the flavor and fragrance examples, infra.

Reaction: ##STR79## wherein in each of the structures containing dashed lines, these structures represent mixtures of molecules wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

Into a 5000 ml reaction flask equipped with reflux condenser, addition funnel, thermometer, Thermowatch, heating mantle, cooling bath and nitrogen gas purge accessory, is added 953 ml (6.0 moles) of isobutyric anhydride; 183 g of polyphosphoric acid and 135 ml 70% methane sulfonic acid. The reaction mass exotherms to 65.degree. C.

Over a period of 20 minutes, while maintaining the reaction mass at 65.degree. C. 1725 g (8.6 moles) of diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass is then heated to 85.degree. C. and maintained at that temperature for a period of 10 hours. At the end of the 10 hour period, the reaction mass is cooled and 100 g of sodium acetate and 1 liter of water are added thereto. The resulting mixture is added to a 5 liter separatory funnel and the organic layer is then washed as follows:

A--1 liter 12.5% sodium hydroxide

B--2 liter 12.5% sodium hydroxide

C--1 liter of saturated sodium chloride

The reaction mass is then distilled on a 1 foot Goodloe column yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 3-5 are bulked and the bulking is utilized for organoleptic evaluation and for subsequent examples.

GLC, NMR, IR and mass spectral analyses confirm the information that the resulting product is a mixture of compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR80## wherein in each molecule of the mixture, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other two of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

FIG. 14 sets forth the GLC profile for the reaction product of this Example VIIIA. (Conditions: SF 96 column, six foot.times.1/4 inch; operated at 180.degree. C. isothermal).

Into a 5000 ml reaction flask equipped with reflux condenser, addition funnel, thermometer, Thermowatch, heating mantle, cooling bath and nitrogen gas purge accessory, is added 953 g (6.0 moles) of isobutyric anhydride and 105 ml (0.86 moles) of boron trifluoride etherate. The reaction mass is heated to 65.degree. C. and over a period of 30 minutes 1725 ml (8.6 moles) of diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added. The reaction mass is then heated to 63.degree.-65.degree. C. and maintained with stirring at that temperature for a period of 12 hours.

The reaction mass is then cooled to room temperature and 82 g of sodium acetate are added. The reaction mass is then poured into a 5 liter separatory funnel and washed as follows:

A--1 liter water

B--1 liter 12.5% aqueous sodium hydroxide

C--1 liter 12.5% aqueous sodium hydroxide

D--1 liter 12.5% aqueous sodium hydroxide

E--1 liter saturated sodium chloride

The organic layer is then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and distilled on a 12 inch Goodloe column yielding the following fractions:

Fractions 4-7 are bulked and the resulting bulked product is utilized for subsequent flavor and fragrance examples and for organoleptic evaluation.

GLC, NMR, IR and mass spectral analyses confirm that the resulting product is a mixture of compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR81## wherein in each of the molecules in the mixture one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

Reaction: ##STR82## wherein in each of the structures containing dashed lines, these structures represent mixtures of molecules wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond and each of the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds.

Into a 5 liter reaction flask equipped with electric stirrer, thermometer, addition funnel "y" tube, condenser, heating mantle and nitrogen purge accessory are added 55 ml of 70% methane sulfonic acid and 30 g of phosphorous pentoxide. The reaction mass exotherms to 60.degree. C. while maintaining the reaction mass at 65.degree. C. over a period of 10 minutes, 400 ml n-butyric anhydride is added to the reaction mass. Over a period of 40 minutes while maintaining the reaction mass at 84.degree. C., 400 ml of diisoamylene prepared according to the illustration of Example A-1 is added to the reaction mass. The reaction mass is stirred for a period of 4 hours at 84.degree. C.

The reaction mass is then transferred to a 5 gallon open head separatory flask containing 2 liters water. The reaction mass is washed as follows:

A--1 liter 12% aqueous sodium hydroxide

B--1 liter saturated sodium chloride solution

The reaction mass is then distilled on a 12 inch Goodloe Silver Mirror column to yield a mixture of compounds defined according to the generic structure: ##STR83## wherein in each of the molecules of the mixture, one of the dashed lines represents carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines represent carbon-carbon single bonds. The foregoing is confirmed by GLC, NMR, IR and mass spectral analyses.

The resulting material distills at a vapor temperature of 70.degree.-75.degree. C. and a pressure of 1.0 mm/Hg. The resulting material is utilized for organoleptic evaluation and for the flavor and fragrance examples, infra.

The unsaturated branched-chain ketones produced according to Examples I-VI have very long lasting sweet, rich, warm, woody, fruity, amber, rum/cognac-like, sandalwood-like, sweet floral, vetiver-like aroma nuances which may be utilized to a great extent in inexpensive, functional products. The following pine fragrance demonstrates the use of these materials in perfume compositions. In each of the cases the unsaturated branched-chain ketones are used in an amount of 47.9%:

The presence of the various unsaturated branched-chain ketones of my invention, supports various notes as indicated below, and produces a considerable savings in the cost of the formulations.

A cosmetic powder is prepared by mixing in a ball mill, 100 g of talcum powder with 0.25 g of one of the substances set forth in Table II below. The resulting cosmetic powder has a pleasant aroma as set forth in Table II below.

Concentrated liquid detergents (Lysine salt of n-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid as more specifically described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,948,818, issued on Apr. 6, 1976) with fragrance profiles as defined in Table II of Example X are prepared containing 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30% and 0.35% of the substance as set forth in Table II of Example X. They are prepared by adding and homogeneously mixing the appropriate quantity of substance as set forth in Table II of Example X in the liquid detergent. The detergents all possess excellent intense aromas as defined according to the profiles of Table II of Example X, the intensity increasing with greater concentrations of said substance as set forth in Table II of Example X.

Substances as set forth in Table II of Example X are each individually incorporated into colognes at concentrations of 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5% and 5.0% (in 75%, 80%, 85% and 90% aqueous food grade ethanol); and into handkerchief perfumes at concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% (in 95% aqueous food grade ethanol). Distinctive and definitive long-lasting warm aromas as defined according to Table II of Example X are all imparted to the colognes and to the handkerchief perfumes at all levels as indicated above.

One hundred grams of soap chips (IVORY.RTM., produced by the Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio) are admixed with one gram of the substance as set forth in Table II of Example X until homogeneous compositions are obtained. In each of the cases, the homogeneous compositions are heated under three atmospheres pressure at 180.degree. C. for a period of three hours and the resulting liquids are placed into soap molds. The resulting soap cakes, on cooling, manifest excellent, long-lasting, warm aromas as set forth in Table II of Example X.

Detergents are prepared from the following ingredients according to Example I of Canadian Pat. No. 1,007,948:

This detergent is a "phosphate-free" detergent. A total of 100 grams of said detergent is admixed with 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 grams of the substance as set forth in Table II of Example X. Each of the detergent samples have excellent, warm aromas as indicated in Table II of Example X.

Utilizing the procedure of Example I of column 15 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,632,396. a non-woven cloth substrate useful as a dryer-added fabric softening article of manufacture prepared wherein the substrate, the substrate coating and the outer coating and the perfuming material are as follows:

1. a water "dissolvable" paper ("Dissolvo Paper")

2. Adogen 448 (m.p. about 140.degree. F.) as the substrate coating; and

3. An outer coating having the following formulation (m.p. about 150.degree. F.):

57 percent C.sub.20-22 HAPS

22 percent isopropyl alcohol

20 percent antistatic agent

1 percent of one of the substances as set forth in Table II of Example X

Fabric softening compositions containing substances as set forth in Table II of Example X essentially consist of a substrate having a weight of about 3 grams per 100 square inches of substrate coating, of about 1.85 grams per 100 square inches of substrate and an outer coating of about 1.4 grams per 100 square inches of substrate, thereby providing a total aromatized substrate and outer coating weight ratio of about 1:1 by weight of the substrate. The aromas as set forth in Table II of Example X are imparted in a pleasant manner to the head space in the dryer on operation thereof, using the said drier-added fabric softening non-woven fabric.

In the following examples, Aromox.RTM. DMC-W and Aromox.RTM. DMMC-W are 30% aqueous solutions of dimethyl cocoamine oxide; and Aromox.RTM. NCMDW is a 40% aqueous solution of N-cocomorpholine oxide produced by Armac division of AKZO of Chicago, Illinois.

Four drops of one of the substances set forth in Table II of Example X is added to two grams of Aromox.RTM. DMC-W to produce a clear premix. The clear premix is added to 200 grams of CLOROX.RTM. with stirring resulting in a clear stable, single phase solution. Sufficient 1 M aqueous NaOH is added to bring the pH of the mixture up to 12.8. The solution remains substantially stable at 120.degree. F. for a period of seven days. When the 5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution is used as a laundry bleach, the resulting laundry, on dry-out in an atmosphere of 65% relative humidity yields substantially no characteristic "hypochlorite" odor, but does have a faint pleasant aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X. Furthermore, no such characteristic "hypochlorite" aroma is retained on the hands of the individual handling such laundry in both the wet and the dry states.

Aromox.RTM. DMMC-W in various quantities is mixed with 0.1 grams of one of the substances set forth in Table II of Example X. The resulting premixes are then added to 200 grams of an aqueous 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Sufficient 12.5 M aqueous NaOH is added to bring the pH of the mixture up to 13. The following results are obtained:

When the 5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution is used as a laundry bleach, the resulting laundry on dry-out, in an atmosphere of 65% relative humidity, yields substantially no characteristic "hypochlorite" odor, but does have a faint, pleasant aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X. Furthermore, no such characteristic "hypochlorite" aroma is retained on the hands of the individual handling such laundry in both the wet and the dry states.

Two grams of Aromox.RTM. DMMC-W is admixed with eight drops of one of the substances set forth in Table II of Example X. The premix is then added with stirring to 200 grams of a 7% aqueous solution of lithium hypochlorite. Sufficient 3 M aqueous LiOH is added to bring the pH of the solution to 13.4. The mixture is then heated to 120.degree. F. and maintained at that temperature with stirring for a period of 1 week. The resulting solution remains clear in a single phase. When used as a laundry bleach, the resulting bleached laundry, on dry-out in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity retains a "clean" warm aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X whereas without the use of the substance set forth in Table II of Example X, the bleached laundry has a faint characteristic disagreeable "hypochlorite" aroma.

Two grams of Aromox.RTM. DMMC-W is admixed with eight drops of one of the substances of Table II of Example X. This premix is then added, with stirring, to 200 grams of a mixture containing 4.5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite and 4.5% aqueous lithium hypochlorite. Sufficient 4 M aqueous LiOH is added to bring the pH of the solution to 13.4. The mixture is then heated to 120.degree. F. and maintained at that temperature for a period of one week. The resulting solution remains clear in a single phase. When used as a laundry bleach, the resulting bleached laundry on dry-out in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity retains a "clean fresh" warm aroma as wet forth in Table II of Example X; whereas without the use of the substance set forth in Table II of Example X, the bleached laundry has a faint characteristic disagreeable "hypochlorite" aroma.

Two grams of Aromox.RTM. DMMC-W is admixed with eight drops of one of the substances set forth in Table II of Example X. This premix is then added with stirring to 200 grams of a mixture containing 4.5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite and 4.5% aqueous lithium hypochlorite. Sufficient 2 M aqueous NaOH is added to bring the pH of the solution to 13.4. The mixture is then heated to 110.degree. F. and maintained at that temperature with stirring for a period of 2 weeks. The resulting solution remains clear as a single phase when used as a laundry bleach. The resulting bleached laundry, on dry-out in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity, retains an aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X whereas without the use of the substance set forth in Table II of Example X, the bleached laundry has a faint characteristic disagreeable "hypochlorite" aroma.

Four drops of one of the substances set forth in Table II of Example X is added to 1.5 grams of Aromox.RTM. NCMDW to produce a clear premix. The clear premix is added to 200 grams of CLOROX.RTM. with stirring resulting in a clear stable single phase solution. Sufficient 1 M aqueous NaOH is added to bring the pH of the mixture up to 12.8. The solution remains substantially stable at 120.degree. F. for a period of 7 days. When the 5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution is used as a laundry bleach, the resulting laundry on dry-out in an atmosphere of 65% relative humidity yields substantially no characteristic "hypochlorite" odor but does have a faint pleasant warm, long-lasting aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X. Furthermore, no such characteristic "hypochlorite" aroma is retained on the hands of the individual handling such laundry in both the wet and dry states.

Four drops of one of the substances set forth in Table II of Example X is added to 1 gram n-undecyl dimethylamine oxide to produce a clear premix. The clear premix is added to 200 grams of CLOROX.RTM. with stirring resulting in a clear stable single phase solution. Sufficient 1 M aqueous NaOH is added to bring the pH of the mixture up to 12.8. The solution remains substantially stable at 120.degree. F. for a period of 7 days. When the 5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution is used as a laundry bleach, the resulting laundry on dry-out in an atmosphere of 65% relative humidity yields substantially no characteristic "hypochlorite" odor but does have a faint pleasant warm aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X. Furthermore, no such characteristic "hypochlorite" aroma is retained on the hands of the individual handling such laundry in both the wet and the dry states.

Four drops of one of the substances as set forth in Table II of Exampoe X are added to 1 gram of n-dodecyl dimethylamine oxide to produce a clear premix. The clear premix is added to 200 grams of CLOROX.RTM. with stirring resulting in a clear, stable single phase solution. Sufficient 1 M aqueous NaOH is added to bring the pH of the mixture up to 12.8. The solution remains substantially stable at 120.degree. F. for a period of 7 days. When the 5% aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution is used as a laundry bleach, the resulting laundry on dry-out in an atmosphere of 65% relative humidity yields substantially no characteristic "hypochlorite" aroma, but does have a warm, pleasant, long-lasting aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X. Furthermore, no such characteristic "hypochlorite" aroma is retained on the hands of the individual handling such laundry in both the wet and the dry states.

One gram of n-tridecyl dimethylamine oxide is admixed with eight drops of one of the substances as set forth in Table II of Example X. This premix is then added with stirring to 200 grams of a 7% aqueous solution of lithium hypochlorite. Sufficient 3 M aqueous LiOH is added to bring the pH of the solution to 13.4. The mixture is then heated to 120.degree. F. and maintained at that temperature with stirring for a period of one week. The resulting solution remains clear in a single phase. When used as a laundry bleach, the resulting bleached laundry on dry-out in an atmosphere of 50% relative humidity retains a warm, fresh aroma described in Table II of Example X; whereas without the use of one of the substances of Table II of Example X, the bleached laundry has a faint characteristic disagreeable .-+.hypochlorite" aroma.

A "soft-feel, good-hold" hair spray is produced containing the following ingredients:

The PVP/VA copolymers are first dissolved in alcohol and all other ingredients are added until uniform. The propellant is then pressurized and used as an aerosol. The resulting hairspray has a pleasant aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X.

A scouring cleanser composition is prepared in accordance with Example I, at columns 11 and 12 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,193,888, issued on Mar. 18, 1980. To this composition, a substance as set forth in Table II of Example X is added at the level of 0.250% as set forth in the Table in said Example I of U.S. Pat. No. 4,193,888 yielding an aroma on using said cleanser in ordinary circumstances which is quite pleasant and described in said Table II of Example X.

A fabric softening article prepared substantially as set forth in Example VIII of Canadian Pat. No. 1,069,260 is prepared containing 0.21% by weight of a perfuming substance as set forth in Table II of Example X infra, and yielding on use in a drier, a faint aroma as set forth in Table II of Example X infra.

The following formulation is prepared:

The above formulation is split into two portions. To the first portion is added, at the rate of 1%, the n-butyryl diisoamylene derivative mixture prepared according to Example III, defined according to the structure: ##STR98## wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon single bond. The second portion contains nothing additional added thereto. Both formulations, with and without said n-butyryl diisoamylene derivative prepared according to Example III are combined with water at the rate of 100 ppm. The flavor with the n-butyryl diisoamylene derivative mixture, prepared according to Example II has a more winey, fruity, piney character and is closely similar to the flavor of wild blueberries. It is therefor preferred to the basic blueberry formulation which does not contain said n-butyryl diisoamylene derivative.

Into a 20 mm cellulose acetate filter is added: the i-butyryl diisoamylene derivative mixture prepared according to Example IV defined according to the generic structure: ##STR99## wherein in each of the molecules, one of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines is a carbon-carbon single bond. At the rate of 1000 ppm (10 micro liter of a 10% solution of said isobutyryl diisoamylene derivative is added to the filter). The filter is then attached to a full flavor cigarette on the market, e.g. (1) Marlboro.RTM., (2) Winston.RTM. or (3) Viceroy.RTM., as well as on a Kentucky 1A3 reference cigarette (produced by the University of Kentucky, at Lexington, Ky.) yielding the following results:

1. Both cigarettes containing the isobutyryl diisoamylene derivative when compared to a cigarette having a filter without said isobutyryl diisoamylene derivative, give rise to a sweet, woody, oriental-like and peppery aroma on smoking, with a pleasant woody, effect and rather noticeable reduced harshness.

2. Both cigarettes containing said isobutyryl diisoamylene derivative mixture, have a lesser degree of "hotness" and give rise to a "Turkish" taste on smoking.

The following formulation is prepared:

The flavor formulation is divided into two portions. 40 Parts per million of isobutyryl diisoamylene derivative mixture prepared according to Example IV is added to the first portion and nothing is added to the second portion. A definite aroma improvement, more natural grapefruit juice aroma and taste as well as pleasant sour effect, and generally improved taste is created as a result of the addition of the isobutyryl diisoamylene derivative mixture prepared according to Example IV. In general, the isobutyryl diisoamylene derivative mixture prepared according to Example IV supplies a natural grapefruit juice note to this grapefruit flavor.

20 Grams of the flavor composition of Example XXIX is emulsified in a solution containing 300 gm gum acacia and 700 gm water. The emulsion is spray-dried with a Bowen Lab Model Drier utilizing 260 c.f.m. of air with an inlet temperature of 500.degree. F., an outlet temperature of 200.degree. F. and a wheel speed of 50,000 rpm.

The following mixture is prepared:

The Cab-O-Sil is dispersed in the liquid blueberry flavor composition of Example XXIX with vigorous stirring, thereby resulting in a viscous liquid. 71 Parts by weight of the powder flavor composition of Part A, supra, is then blended into the said viscous liquid, with stirring at 25.degree. C. for a period of 30 minutes resulting in a dry, free flowing sustained release flavor powder.

10 Parts by weight of 50 Bloom pigskin gelatin is added to 90 parts by weight of water at a temperature of 150.degree. F. The mixtures is agitated until the gelatin is completely dissolved and the solution is cooled to 120.degree. F. 20 Parts by weight of the liquid flavor composition of Example XXIX is added to the solution which is then homogenized to form an emulsion having particle size typically in the range of 2-5 microns. This material is kept at 120.degree. F. under which conditions the gelatin will not jell.

Coacervation is induced by adding, slowly and uniformly 40 parts by weight of a 20% aqueous solution of sodium sulphate. During coacervation the gelatin molecules are deposited uniformly about each oil droplet as a nucleus.

Gelation is effected by pouring the heated coacervate mixture into 1,000 parts by weight of 7% aqueous solution of sodium sulphate at 65.degree. F. The resulting jelled coacervate may be filtered and washed with water at temperatures below the melting point of gelatin, to remove the salt.

Hardening of the filtered cake, in this example, is effected by washing with 200 parts by weight of 37% solution of formaldehyde in water. The cake is then washed to remove residual formaldehyde.

100 Parts by weight of chicle are mixed with 4 parts by weight of the flavor prepared in accordance with Example XXXII. 300 Parts of sucrose and 100 parts of corn syrup are added. Mixing is effected in a ribbon blender with jacketed side walls of the type manufactured by the Baker Perkins Co.

The resultant chewing gum blend is then manufactured into strips 1 inch in width and 0.1 inches in thickness. The strips are cut into lengths of 3 inches each. On chewing, the chewing gum has a pleasant, long lasting blueberry flavor.

100 Parts by weight of chicle are mixed with 18 parts by weight of the flavor prepared in accordance with Example XXXIII. 300 Parts of sucrose and 100 parts of corn syrup are then added. Mixing is effected in a ribbon blender with jacketed side walls of the type manufactured by the Baker Perkings Co.

The resultant chewing gum blend is then manufactured into strips 1 inch in width and 0.1 inches in thickness. The strips are cut into lengths of 3 inches each. On chewing, the chewing gum has a pleasant, long lasting blueberry flavor.

The following separate groups of ingredients are prepared:

PROCEDURE:

B 1. The ingredients in Group "A" are stirred and heated in a steam jacketed kettle to 160.degree. F.

2. Stirring is continued for an additional three to five minutes to form a homogeneous gel.

3. The powders of Group "B" are added to the gel, while mixing, until a homogeneous paste is formed.

4. With stirring, the flavor of "D" is added and lastly the sodium n-lauroyl sarcosinate.

5. The resultant slurry is then blended for one hour.

The completed paste is then transferred to a three roller mill and then homogenized, and finally tubed.

The resulting toothpaste when used in a normal toothbrushing procedure yields a pleasant blueberry flavor, of constant strong intensity throughout said procedure.

The flavor material produced according to the process of Example XXIX is added to a Chewable Vitamin Tablet Formulation at a rate of 10 gm/Kg which chewable vitamin tablet formulation is prepared as follows:

In a Hobart Mixer the following materials are blended to homogeneity:

Preliminary tablets are prepared by slugging with flat-faced punches and grinding the slugs to 14 mesh. 13.5 G dry Vitamin A Acetate and 0.6 g Vitamin D are then added as beadlets. The entire blend is then compressed using concave punches at 0.5 g each.

Chewing of the resultant tablets yields a pleasant, long-lasting, consistently strong blueberry flavor for a period of 12 minutes.

Onto 100 pounds of tobacco for chewing (85% Wisconsin leaf and 15% Pennsylvania leaf) the following casing is sprayed at a rate of 30%:

The resultant product is redried to a moisture content of 20%. On chewing, this tobacco has an excellent substantially consistent, long-lasting licorice nuance in conjunction with the tobacco note.

Reaction: ##STR100##

Into a 250 ml reaction flask equipped with stirrer, addition funnel, thermomether, condenser and dry ice/acetone bath is placed 20.0 grams (0.077 moles) of stannic chloride and 40 ml of methylene dichloride. 10.0 grams (0.083 moles) of isovaleryl chloride dissolved in 40 ml methylene chloride is added dropwise under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature with stirring over a period of 10 minutes. The reaction mass is chilled to -73.degree. C. and 14.0 grams (0.1 moles) of diisoamylene prepared according to Example A-1, dissolved in 40 ml methylene dichloride is added over a period of 1.5 hours. The reaction temperature is set between -76.degree. and -70.degree. C. during addition. The reaction mass is stirred for a period of 0.5 hours at -73.degree. C. 30 ml pyridine is then added rapidly to the reaction mass. The reaction temperature rises to 0.degree. C. The reaction mass is then poured into 500 ml anhydrous diethyl ether and a slurry results. The slurry is filtered under slight vacuum. The resulting filtrated is washed with three volumes of water followed by two volumes of saturated sodium chloride and is then dried and concentrated. The GLC profile for the reaction mass is set forth in FIG. 15.

The reaction mass is then distilled yielding the following fractions:

FIG. 16 is the NMR spectrum for the resulting isomer having the structure: ##STR101##

FIG. 17 is the infra-red spectrum for the resulting isomer.