4-Amino-Cyclohexanols, Their Pharmaceutical Compositions and Methods of Use

Novel 4-aminocyclohexanols and acylates thereof are active as analgetics. These compounds are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for analgesia in mammals in need of said treatment.

In accordance with this invention there are provided compounds of Formula I, hereinafter referred to as Group A ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive; R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of one to six carbon atoms, inclusive; alkenyl of two to six carbon atoms, inclusive; alkynyl of two to six carbon atoms, inclusive, wherein the triple bonded carbon is attached to the ring; alkylenylcycloalkyl wherein alkylene is one to six carbon atoms, inclusive, and cycloalkyl is three to six carbon atoms, inclusive, alkylenylcycloalkenyl wherein alkylene is one to six carbon atoms, inclusive, and cycloalkenyl is five to seven carbon atoms, inclusive, ##STR3## and Q-E wherein Q is normal or branched alkylene of zero to six carbon atoms, inclusive, and E is ##STR4## wherein G is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, or alkoxy of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are alkyl of one to five carbon atoms, inclusive; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy or alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, each R.sub.5 at the meta or para position with the proviso that when R.sub.5 is meta or para hydroxy, R.sub.2 is not hydrogen or alkyl of one to six carbon atoms, inclusive; or a physiologically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.

Another group of compounds hereafter referred to as Group B, are the compounds of Group A wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of one to six carbon atoms, inclusive, alkenyl of two to six carbon atoms, inclusive, alkynyl of two to six carbon atoms, inclusive, wherein the triple bonded carbon is attached to the ring, ##STR5## or Q-E wherein Q is normal or branched alkylene of zero to six carbon atoms, inclusive, and E is ##STR6## wherein G is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, or alkoxy of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive.

A further group of compounds, hereafter referred to as Group C, as those compounds of Group A wherein R is hydrogen and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive.

A still further group of compounds, hereafter referred to as Group D, are those compounds of Group B wherein R is hydrogen and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive.

Another group of compounds, hereafter referred to as Group E, are those compounds of Group B wherein R.sub.2 is alkyl of one to four carbon atoms, inclusive, alkenyl of two to four carbon atoms, inclusive, with the unsaturation on the terminal carbon atom, alkynyl of two to four carbon atoms, inclusive, wherein the triple bonded carbon atom is attached to the ring, ##STR7## or Q-E wherein Q is normal or branched alkylene of one to four carbon atoms, inclusive, and E is ##STR8## wherein G is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, or alkoxy of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive.

A further group of compounds, hereafter referred to as Group F, are the compounds of Group E wherein R is hydrogen, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are alkyl of one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, and R.sub.5 is chloro, bromo, or hydroxy, each R.sub.5 at the meta or para position.

A still further group of compounds, hereafter referred to as Group G are those compounds of Group E wherein R.sub.2 is normal alkyl of one to four carbon atoms, inclusive, normal alkenyl of two to four carbon atoms, inclusive, with the unsaturation on the terminal carbon atom, alkynyl of two to four carbon atoms, inclusive, wherein the triple bonded carbon is attached to the ring, ##STR9## or Q-E wherein Q is normal alkylene of one to four carbon atoms, inclusive, and E is ##STR10## wherein G is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive, or alkoxy of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive.

Another group of compounds are those of Group G wherein R is hydrogen.

A further group of compounds are those of Group G wherein R is hydrogen, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are methyl, R.sub.5 is chloro, bromo or hydroxy, each R.sub.5 at the meta or para position, and when G is halogen, halogen is restricted to chloro or bromo.

Another aspect of the invention is pharmaceutical compositions of each of the above groups of compounds. A still further aspect of the invention is the method of using each of the pharmaceutical compositions for the utility of the invention.

As employed throughout this specification and claims, phrase "alkyl of one to six carbon atoms, inclusive" means methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and isomers thereof. Illustrative examples of isomers are isopropyl, t-butyl, neopentyl and 2,3-dimethylbutyl. Alkyl of a lower carbon atom limitation are to be interpreted in the same manner. Alkenyl and alkynyl of one to six carbon atoms, inclusive, are to be interpreted in the same manner, the alkenyl group having a double bond, the alkynyl group a triple bond. Examples of alkenyl are ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-hexene, 3-pentene and the like. Examples of alkynyl are acetylene, propyne, 1-butyne, 1-hexyne, and 3-methyl-1-pentyne. Cycloalkyl of three to six carbon atoms, inclusive, is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Examples of cycloalkenyl of five to seven carbon atoms, inclusive, are 2-cyclopentenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 4-cycloheptenyl. Halo is fluoro, chloro and bromo.

The compounds of the invention are readily prepared by chemical synthetic methods. A 4-oxocyclohexanone monoketal prepared by methods known in the art, see M. Haslanger and R. G. Lawton, Synthetic Commun., 4, 155 (1974), is reacted with an HNR.sub.3 R.sub.4 acid addition salt and an alkali metal cyanide to form a 4-dialkylamino-4-cyano-cyclohexanone ketal. The reaction between the ketal, amine acid addition salt and cyano proceeds readily and does not usually require heating. Room temperature and stirring are suitable. Standard recovery and purification methods are employed. Either potassium or sodium cyanide can be employed. With respect to the ketal, any alkylene ketal is suitable; however, an ethylene ketal prepared with an ethylene glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst such as p-toluenesulfonic acid and an organic solvent is preferred. The ketalization reaction is promoted by heating, preferably at the reflux temperature, and azeotropic removal of the water by-product.

The 4-dialkylamino-4-cyanocyclohexanone ketal is then reacted with a Grignard reagent of the type ##STR11## R.sub.5 defined as above, in a Grignard reaction to form a 4-dialkylamino-4-phenylcyclohexanone ketal. When R.sub.5 in the final product is to be hydroxy, the hydroxy function of the Grignard reagent is protected by a group which can be removed under mild conditions at a convenient place further along the synthetic pathway. An example of such a group is tetrahydropyranyl or benzyl. Such a group can be removed under mild hydrolytic conditions using aqueous acid, e.g., hydrochloric, acetic, and the like, or by hydrogenolysis over a Pd/C catalyst system.

This Grignard reaction occurs when the Grignard reagent and the ketal are heated, preferably to the reflux temperature in an organic solvent medium. A suitable organic solvent medium is tetrahydrofuran, preferably anhydrous. Heating periods are relatively lengthy. Eighteen to seventy-two hours may be required, although fifteen to twenty-four hours is generally an adequate reaction time. The 4-dialkylamino-4-phenylcyclohexanone ketals are recovered in the usual manner by work-up of the reaction mixture with a neutral aqueous medium, e.g., ammonium chloride. The organic layer is purified by standard techniques.

At this point in the synthetic pathway, the ketal is cleaved, thereby forming the substituted cyclohexanone, by contacting the ketal in an aqueous mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid in the presence of an organic solvent such as methanol. This contacting time is relatively lengthy; time periods of up to forty-eight hours may be necessary. During this reaction, the hydroxy protecting group, if present, will be cleaved if susceptible to hydrolysis leaving R.sub.5 as hydroxy. Such cleavage can occur prior to the ketal conversion if desired.

The 4-dialkylamino-4-phenylcyclohexanone is then converted to compounds of this invention by appropriate means. The compounds, wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, are readily prepared by reacting the ketone with a standard reducing agent such as a metal hydride, for example lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride or sodium in ethanol. The compounds wherein R.sub.2 is alkynyl are prepared by reacting the ketone with a lithium salt complex such as Li C.sup..sym..crclbar. .tbd.CH.H.sub.2 NCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2. This particular compound is commercially available from Foote Mineral. Where other alkynyl chain lengths are desired, the appropriate alkali metal salt or Grignard agent is employed. The reaction is generally carried out at room temperature in a dry environment including a dry solvent such as a cyclic ether, e.g., tetrahydrofuran. Higher temperatures up to about 100.degree. C. may be used as needed.

For all other R.sub.2 substituents, the ketone is reacted with an appropriately substituted Grignard reagent in excess for an extended period of time, for example from about two to about four days. Typical Grignard reaction conditions and environment are employed. When G is intended to be hydroxy in the final product, it should be protected in the same manner as R.sub.5 being OH. Tetrahydropyranyl is the preferred protecting group. Elevated temperatures up to about 100.degree. C. are used although most reactions proceed at a reasonable rate at room temperature. A cyclic ether solvent such as tetrahydrofuran is employed with facility. The reaction environment is preferably maintained in a dry inert state.

It should also be noted that the compounds of the invention can be prepared by reacting the ketone with a LiR.sub.2 reagent under known reaction conditions.

The above reaction schemes prepare compounds of the invention wherein R is hydrogen. To prepare compounds of the invention wherein R is ##STR12## an acylation is undertaken. A standard acylating agent such as an anhydride, for example acetic anhydride, is reacted with the alcohol of Formula I at a low temperature, for example 0.degree. to 35.degree. C., for a period of time, e.g., 2-30 hours, followed by basic work-up to form compounds of Formula I wherein R is ##STR13##

The compounds of Formula I can occur in their cis and trans forms.

On occasion the compounds or their addition salts in their crystalline state are isolated as solvates, i.e., with a discreet quantity of solvent, e.g., water, ethanol, and the like, associated physically, and thus removable without effective alteration of the chemical entity per se.

Examples of compounds within the scope of this invention are represented in Table I below:

Compounds of Table I are converted to compounds of Formula I wherein R is ##STR33## by reaction with an acylating agent at a low temperature for a period of time followed by an aqueous neutral or basic workup. In this manner the acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl and hexanoyl esters of the compounds of Table I are prepared.

Various acid addition salts of the free base compounds of Tables I and II are prepared by adding the free base to the appropriate acid in a suitable solvent, e.g., alcohol or diethylether. For example, the hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, hydrobromic, acetic, propionic, maleic, pamoic, lauric, cyclohexanesulfamic and like acid addition salts of the compounds of Tables I and II are prepared in this manner.

Following are specific examples of the compounds of this invention. These examples are not intended to limit but are presented to exemplify the scope of the invention.

The compounds can be separated into their cis and trans forms by standard techniques. The cis and trans mixture is placed on a column of silica gel and eluted with solvent systems of increasing polarity. Typical solvent systems employed are CH.sub.3 OH/CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (different % CH.sub.3 OH); CH.sub.3 OH/CHCl.sub.3 (different % CH.sub.3 OH) and/or CH.sub.3 OH/CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 /NH.sub.4 OH (different % NH.sub.4 OH). The less polar isomer is initially eluted. The increasing polarity of the solvent system elutes the more polar isomer. Usually the less polar isomer is the trans; the more polar isomer is the cis form.

All temperatures are in .degree.C.

A reaction mixture consisting of 10 g. (0.085 mole) 4-hydroxycyclohexanone, 4.75 ml. ethylene glycol, 0.20 g. p-toluenesulfonic acid, and 100 ml. benzene is heated at the reflux temperature in a reaction vessel fitted with a Dean and Stark trap for two hours. After the reaction mixture has cooled, it is washed first with water and then with brine. The benzene is then removed by evaporation under reduced pressure giving the intermediate 4-hydroxycyclohexanone ethylene monoketal as a viscous oil weighing 14.12 g. The 4-hydroxycyclohexanone ethylene monoketal is dissolved in 100 ml. methylene chloride and added with stirring to a suspension consisting of 55.0 g. chromium trioxide (pre-dried for twenty-four hours under reduced pressure over phosphorous pentoxide), one liter dry methylene chloride, and 52.8 g. 3,5-dimethylpyrazole. After continued stirring for ten (10) minutes, this dark reaction mixture is poured onto a two-liter column of silica gel. When the reaction mixture has been completely adsorbed, the chromatogram is developed with a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and technical hexane (Skellysolve B-- a mixture of isomeric hexanes having a boiling range between 60.degree. and 70.degree. C.). The appropriate fractions as determined by TLC are collected and combined, after which the solvents are removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The crystals thus obtained are recrystallized from technical hexane, and there is thus obtained 10.82 g. (91% yield) of the desired cyclohexane-1,4-dione, ethylene monoketal having a melting point at 68.degree. to 69.degree. C. [The literature value is 71.5.degree. to 72.5.degree. C.]

A reaction mixture consisting of 3.0 g. (0.019 mole) of the cyclohexane-1,4-dione, ethylene monoketal prepared in Part A, above, 3.0 g. potassium cyanide, 4.5 g. dimethylamine hydrochloride, 3.0 ml. methanol, and 25 ml. saturated aqueous dimethylamine is stirred at 25.degree. C. for forty-eight hours. The reaction mixture is then extracted successively with five 40 ml. portions of diethyl ether. The ether extracts are combined and the ether is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue thus obtained is dissolved in methylene chloride. Some small amount of water present is separated, and the organic solvent portion is conserved for removal of the methylene chloride by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residual solid thus obtained is recrystallized from technical hexane to give 3.6 g. (78% yield) of the desired intermediate 4-cyano-4-dimethylaminocyclohexanone ethylene ketal having a melting point at 79.degree. to 81.degree. C.

Anal. Calcd. for C.sub.11 H.sub.17 N.sub.2 O.sub.2 : C, 62.83; H, 8.63; N, 13.33; Found: C, 62.92; H, 8.66; N, 13.58.

To a Grignard reagent prepared from 2.73 g. of p-chlorobromobenzene, 0.35 g. magnesium and 30 ml. tetrahydrofuran (THF), is added 1.50 g. (0.071 mole) of 4-cyano-4-dimethylaminocyclohexanone ethylene ketal (prepared in Part B) in 40 ml. of THF. The reaction mixture is heated for three (3) days at the reflux temperature. It is then cooled, chilled in an ice bath and 20 ml. saturated ammonium chloride in benzene added. The organic phase is separated. It is washed initially with water and then with brine. Finally, the solvents are removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue thus obtained is dissolved in diethyl ether and 4 N ethereal hydrogen chloride is added until precipitation is complete. The salt thus obtained is collected on a filter as a gummy material. It is suspended in methylene chloride and one N aqueous sodium hydroxide is added. The organic layer is separated and the methylene chloride is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue thus obtained is added onto a 200 ml. column of silica gel, the chromatogram is developed with methylene chloride containing 4% methanol and 20-ml. fractions are collected. The solvent is removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the residue is dissolved in diethyl ether. The ether solution is treated with 4 N ethereal hydrogen chloride until precipitation of the desired 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-dimethylaminocyclohexanone ethylene ketal hydrochloride is complete. The precipitate is collected on a filter and crystallized from a mixture of methylene chloride and ethyl acetate to give 0.80 g. (34% yield) of pure 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-dimethylaminocyclohexanone ethylene ketal hydrochloride having a melting point at 252.degree. to 254.degree. C.

A reaction solution consisting of 4.52 g. (0.0136 mole) of 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-dimethylaminocyclohexanone, ethylene ketal hydrochloride (prepared in Part C above), 22.5 ml. 2.5 N hydrochloric acid, and 45 ml. methanol is set aside at 25.degree. C. for forty-eight hours. The methanol medium is substantially removed by evaporation under reduced pressure to give a concentrate that is made strongly basic by additions of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide. A precipitate forms which is collected on a filter and dissolved in diethyl ether. The ether solution is washed with brine to remove the residual water and the ether is then removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue thus obtained is recrystallized from diethyl ether to give 2.30 g. (70% yield) of 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-dimethylaminocyclohexanone having a melting point at 108.degree. to 111.degree. C.

Anal. Found: C, 67.10; H, 7.36; N, 5.42.

A suspension of 4.0 g. (0.016 mole) of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-chlorophenyl)cyclohexanone in 60 ml. 95% isopropanol is warmed to dissolve the solid. Sodium borohydride (0.61 g.) is then added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for six hours. The bulk of the solvent is then removed in vacuum. The residue is taken up in water and methylene chloride. The organic layer is washed with water and brine and taken to dryness. The residual solid is recrystallized twice from acetone to afford 1.21 g. (30%) of product, melting point 148.degree.-150.5.degree. C.

Anal. Found: C, 66.52; H, 7.98; N, 5.52.

To an ice cooled solution of 0.71 g. (2.8 mmole) of 4-dimethylamio-4-(p-chlorophenyl)cyclohexanol in 20 ml. tetrahydrofuran, there is added under nitrogen 1.66 ml. 1.62 N butyl lithium in pentane. At the end of thirty minutes stirring, 0.27 ml. of acetic anhydride is added. At the end of six hours at room temperature the solvent is removed in vacuum. The residue is treated first with a small amount of ice and then made basic with NaHCO.sub.3. This mixture is then extracted thoroughly with methylene chloride and the extracts taken to dryness. The residue is dissolved in ether and treated with 3 N hydrogen chloride in ether. The precipitated solid is recrystallized from methylene chloride:ethyl acetate to afford 0.81 g. (87%) of product, melting point 226.degree.-228.5.degree..

Anal. Found: C, 57.25; H, 7.06; N, 4.35.

Lithium acetylide ethylene diamine complex (1.30 g., 13 mmole) is added to a solution of 1.50 g. (6.5 mmole) of 4-(dimethylamino)-4-p-tolyl-cyclohexanone in 20 ml. of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture is stirred under N.sub.2 at room temperature for six days and then cooled in ice water. Water (10 ml.) is added and the organic layer washed three times with 10 ml. water and one time with 5 ml. brine. The residue which remains when the organic fraction is taken to dryness is again subjected to the above reaction conditions using 2.60 g. of the acetylide complex in 40 ml. of tetrahydrofuran. Following nine days of stirring at room temperature, the reaction is worked up as above. The residue is chromatographed on a 1".times.48" high pressure liquid chromatography silica gel column (elution with 7.5% MeOH:CHCl.sub.3). A first series of fractions containing similar material by thin layer chromatography (TLC) is combined, the solvent evaporated and the residue recrystallized from aqueous methanol to yield 0.13 g. of isomer A, m.p. 148.degree.-151.degree..

Anal. Calcd. for: C.sub.17 H.sub.23 NO.1/3H.sub.2 O: Found: C, 77.66; H, 9.04; N, 5.46.

Another series of fractions follows. Those which are similar by TLC are combined, concentrated, and recrystallized from acetone: Skellysolve to yield 0.48 g. of material, m.p. 175.degree.-176.degree..

Anal. Calcd. for: C.sub.17 H.sub.23 NO: Found: C, 79.58; H, 9.04; N, 5.69.

To an ice-cooled solution of 10 ml. of 3 M methyl magnesium bromide in Et.sub.2 O is added a solution of 1.25 g. (0.005 mole) of 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-(dimethylamino)cyclohexanone in 25 ml. of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture is stirred under nitrogen in the cold for one-half hour and then at room temperature for forty-eight hours. Following ice bath cooling there is added 20 ml. of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, 10 ml. of water, 10 ml. diethyl ether and 25 ml. benzene. The organic layer is washed with 10 ml. water and 10 ml. brine and taken to dryness. The residue is chromatographed on a 1".times.48" high pressure liquid chromatography column (elution with 3% MeOH in chloroform). Starting ketone is first eluted followed by a second material. Those fractions containing the second material are combined, concentrated to dryness and crystallized from CH.sub.3 CN:H.sub.2 O to yield 0.20 g. of the tertiary alcohol, melting point 119.degree.-120.degree..

Anal. Calcd. for: C.sub.15 H.sub.22 ClNO: Found: C, 67.38; H, 8.52; N, 5.40.

Preferred compounds are compounds of Formula I wherein R is hydrogen and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are methyl:

R.sub.2 is methyl, R.sub.5 is p-methyl;

R.sub.2 is phenethyl, R.sub.5 is p-bromo;

R.sub.2 is p-chlorophenethyl, R.sub.5 is p-chloro;

R.sub.2 is cyclopentylethylene, R.sub.5 is p-chloro.

The less polar of the two isomers is more preferred.

Following the synthetic procedures disclosed in this application, particularly Examples 1-4, the compounds of Tables IV and V are prepared. The isomer labeled trans (t) is the less polar of the two as determined by silica gel chromatography. The isomer labeled cis (c) is the more polar of the two.

The compounds are administered orally, parenterally and rectally for systemic action.

The compositions of the present invention are presented for administration to humans and animals in unit dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, and oral solutions or suspensions, and oil-water emulsions containing suitable quantities of a compound of Formula I or its pharmacologically acceptable salts.

Pharmaceutical dosage unit forms are prepared in accordance with the subsequent general specific descriptions to provide analgetically effective amounts of the essential active ingredient per dosage unit form.

Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms are either solid or liquid. The solid dosage forms are tablets, capsules, granules, and bulk powders. Types of oral tablets are, for example, compressed (including chewable and lozenge), tablet triturates, enteric-coated, sugar-coated, film-coated, and multiple compressed. Capsules are either hard or soft elastic gelatin. Granules and powders are either effervescent or non-effervescent.

Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in compressed tablets are binders, lubricants, diluents, disintegrating agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, flow inducing agents, and wetting agents. Tablet triturates (either molded or compressed) utilize diluents and binders. Enteric-coated tablets, due to their enteric-coating, resist the action of stomach acid and dissolve or disintegrate in the alkaline intestine. Sugar-coated tablets are compressed tablets to which usually four different layers of pharmaceutically acceptable substances have been applied. Film-coated tablets are compressed tablets which have been coated with a water soluble cellulose polymer. Multiple compressed tablets are compressed tablets made by more than one compression cycle utilizing the pharmaceutically acceptable substances previously mentioned. Coloring agents are utilized in the above dosage forms. Flavoring and sweetening agents are utilized in compressed tablets, tablet triturates, sugar coated, multiple compressed and chewable tablets. Flavoring and sweetening agents are especially useful in the formation of chewable tablets and lozenges.

Examples of binders include glucose solution (25-50%), acacia mucilage (10-20%), gelatin solution (10-20%), sucrose and starch paste. Lubricants include, for example, talc, starch, magnesium or calcium stearate, lycopodium and stearic acid. Diluents include, for example, lactose, sucrose, starch, kaolin, salt, mannitol, and dicalcium phosphate. Disintegrating agents include, for example, corn starch, potato starch, bentonite, methylcellulose, agar and carboxymethylcellulose. Coloring agents include, for example, any of the approved certified water-soluble FD and C dyes, mixtures thereof, and water insoluble FD and C dyes suspended on alumia hydrate. Sweetening agents include, for example, sucrose, lactose, mannitol, and artificial sweetening agents such as sodium cyclamate and saccharin, and any number of spray dried flavors. Flavoring agents include natural flavors extracted from plants such as fruits and synthetic blends of compounds which produce a pleasant sensation. Flow inducing agents include, for example, silicon dioxide and talc. Wetting agents include, for example, propylene glycol monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, diethylene glycol monolaurate and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether. Enteric-coatings include, for example, fatty acids, fats, waxes, shellac, ammoniated shellac and cellulose acetate phthalates. Pharmaceutically acceptable substances for the first layer, an undercoating of sugar-coated tablets, include, for example, dextrin and gelatin. The second layer, an opaque zone, includes, for example, starch, talc, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate. The third layer, a translucent zone, includes, for example, sucrose. The fourth layer, a glaze, includes, for example, beeswax, carnauba wax, or a mixture of these waxes. Film coatings include, for example, hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol 4000 and cellulose acetate phthalate.

Hard gelatin capsules, sizes 5 through 1000, are made largely from gelatin and may be either clear or colored. These capsules may be filled with either a powder or coated pellets (sustained release).

The diluents utilized in powder filled capsules are the same as those illustrated above for tablets. Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized for coating pellets include, for example, stearic acid, palmitic acid, glyceryl myristate, cetyl alcohol, fats, waxes, polymeric substances sensitive to small changes in pH of the gastrointestinal tract, polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl cellulose and mixtures of beeswax, carnauba wax or bayberry wax with glyceryl monostearate.

Soft elastic gelatin capsules contain sufficient glycerin so that they are permanently flexible. Pharmaceutically acceptable liquid diluents used in soft elastic gelatin capsules are those which do not dissolve or harm the capsule and which are non-toxic, including, for example, corn oil, cottonseed oil, polysorbate 80, DMA and triacetin.

Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in non-effervescent granules, for solution and/or suspension, include diluents, wetting agents, flavoring agents and coloring agents. Examples of diluents, wetting agents, flavoring agents and coloring agents include those previously exemplified.

Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in effervescent granules and powders include organic acids, a source of carbon dioxide, diluents, wetting agents, flavoring agents and coloring agents.

Examples of organic acids include, for example, citric acid and tartaric acid. Sources of carbon dioxide include, for example, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. Examples of sweetening agents include, for example, sucrose, calcium cyclamate and saccharin. Examples of diluents, wetting agents and coloring agents include those previously exemplified.

Bulk powders have the compound of the Formula I uniformly dispersed throughout a pharmaceutically acceptable powdered carrier diluent. Examples of the diluents include those previously exemplified.

The individual oral solid pharmaceutical dosage forms, tablets and capsules, are packed individually, unit-dose, or in quantity, multiple-dose containers, for examples, bottles of 50, 100 or 500.

The amount of compound of the Formula I analog per dose unit is adjusted so that it provides the patient with an effective amount. The exact dose depends on the age, weight and condition of the patient or animal as is known in the art. For example, tablets and capsules are given in sufficient number and frequency to obtain the desired pharmacological effect.

The sustained release tablets and capsules provide an effective amount upon ingestion and continue to release a sufficient amount of the active material to keep the concentration at an effective level for increased periods of time, for example, twelve hours.

Non-effervescent granules and powders are packaged in predetermined amounts, such that when reconstituted with a specified quantity of an appropriate liquid vehicle, usually distilled water, a solution and/or suspension results providing a uniform concentration of the compound of the Formula I after shaking, if necessary. The concentration of the solution is such that a teaspoonful (5 ml.), a tablespoonful (one-half ounce or 15 ml.) or a fraction or a multiple thereof will provide an effective amount to produce the desired pharmacological effect. The exact dose depends on the age, weight and condition of the patient or animal as is known in the art.

Effervescent granules and powders are packaged either in unit-dose, for example, tin foil packets, or in bulk, for example, in 4 oz. and 8 oz. amounts, such that a specific amount, either a unit-dose or, for example, a teaspoonful, tablespoonful or a fraction or a multiple thereof of bulk granules, when added to a specific amount of liquid vehicle, for example, water, yields a container of liquid dosage form to be ingested. The concentration of the active material in the granules is adjusted so that a specified amount when mixed with a specific amount of water yields an effective amount of the active material and produces the desired pharmacological effect. The exact amount of granules to be used depends on age, weight and condition of the patient as is known in the art.

Liquid oral dosage forms include, for example, aqueous solutions, emulsions, suspensions, solutions and/or suspensions reconstituted from non-effervescent granules and effervescent preparations reconstituted from effervescent granules. Aqueous solutions include, for example, elixirs and syrups. Emulsions are either oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o).

Elixirs are clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic preparations. Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in elixirs include, for example, solvents. Syrups are concentrated aqueous solutions of a sugar, for example, sucrose, and may contain a preservative. An emulsion is a two-phase system in which one liquid is dispersed in the form of small globules throughout another liquid. O/w emulsions are much preferred for oral administration over w/o emulsions. Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in emulsions are non-aqueous liquids, emulsifying agents and preservatives. Suspensions utilize pharmaceutically acceptable suspending agents and preservatives. Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in non-effervescent granules, to be reconstituted into a liquid oral dosage form, include, for example, diluents, sweeteners, and wetting agents. Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in effervescent granules, to be reconstituted into a liquid oral dosage form, include, for example, organic acids and a source of carbon dioxide. Coloring and flavoring agents are utilized in all of the above dosage forms.

Solvents include, for example, glycerin, ethyl alcohol and syrup. Examples of preservatives include glycerin, methyl and propylparaben, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and alcohol. Examples of non-aqueous liquids utilized in emulsions include, for example, mineral oil and cottonseed oil. Examples of emulsifying agents include, for example, gelatin, acacia, tragacanth, bentonite, and surfactants such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. Suspending agents include, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, tragacanth, Veegum and acacia. Diluents include, for example, lactose and sucrose. Sweetening agents include, for example, sucrose, syrups, glycerin and artificial sweetening agents such as sodium cyclamate and saccharin. Wetting agents include, for example, propylene glycol monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, diethylene glycol monolaurate and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether. Organic acids include, for example, citric and tartaric acid. Sources of carbon dioxide include, for example, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. Coloring agents include, for example, any of the approved, certified water soluble FD and C dyes, and mixtures thereof. Flavoring agents include, for example, natural flavors extracted from plants, such as fruits, and synthetic blends of compounds which produce a pleasant taste sensation.

The concentration of the compound of the Formula I throughout the solutions must be uniform. Upon shaking, the concentration of the compound of the Formula I throughout the emulsions and suspensions must be uniform.

The concentration of the compound of the Formula I is adjusted so that a teaspoonful (5 ml.), a tablespoonful (one-half ounce or 15 ml.) or a fraction or multiple thereof, will provide an effective amount to produce the desired pharmacological effect. The exact dose depends on the age, weight and condition of the patient or animal as is known in the art.

The liquid oral dosage forms may be packaged, for example, in unit-dose sizes of 5 ml. (teaspoonful), 10 ml., 15 ml. (tablespoonful) and 30 ml. (one ounce), and multiple dose containers, including for example, 2 oz., 3 oz., 4 oz., 6 oz., 8 oz., pint, quart, and gallon sizes.

Non-effervescent granules are packaged in predetermined amounts such that when reconstituted with a specified quantity of an appropriate liquid vehicle, usually distilled water, a solution and/or suspension results providing a uniform concentration of the compound of the Formula I after shaking, if necessary. The concentration of the solution is such that a teaspoonful (5 ml.), a tablespoonful (one-half ounce or 15 ml.) or a fraction or multiple thereof will provide an effective amount to produce the desired pharmacological effect. The exact dose depends on the age, weight, and condition of the patient or animal as is known in the art.

Effervescent granules are packaged either in unit dose, for example, tin foil packets, or in bulk, for example, in 4 oz. and 8 oz. amounts such that a specific amount, either a unit-dose or for example, a teaspoonful, a tablespoonful or a fraction or multiple thereof of bulk granules when added to a specific amount of liquid vehicle, for example, water, yields a container of liquid dosage form to be ingested. The concentration of the compound of the Formula I in the granules is adjusted so that a specified amount when mixed with a specific amount of water yields an effective amount of the active material to produce the desired pharmacological effect. The exact amount of granules to be used depends on age, weight and condition of the patient as is known in the art.

Parenteral administration includes intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and the like.

Preparations for parenteral administration include sterile solutions ready for injection, sterile dry soluble products ready to be combined with a solvent just prior to use, including hypodermic tablets, sterile suspensions ready for injection, sterile dry insoluble products ready to be combined with a vehicle just prior to use and sterile emulsions. The solutions may be either aqueous or nonaqueous.

Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in parenteral preparations include aqueous vehicles, non-aqueous vehicles, antimicrobial agents, isotonic agents, buffers, antioxidants, local anesthetics, suspending and dispersing agents, emulsifying agents, sequestering or chelating agents and other pharmaceutical necessities.

Examples of aqueous vehicles include Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringers Injection, Isotonic (5 percent) Dextrose Injection, Sterile Water for Injection, Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection and Lactated Ringers Injection. Nonaqueous parenteral vehicles include fixed oils of vegetable origin, for example, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil and peanut oil. Antimicrobial agents in bacteriostatic and fungistatic concentrations must be added to parenteral preparations packaged in multiple-dose containers (vials) which include phenol or cresols, mercurials, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, methyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, thimerosal, benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride. Isotonic agents include, for example, sodium chloride and dextroxe. Buffers include, for example, phosphate and citrate. Antioxidants include, for example, sodium bisulfite. Local anesthetics include, for example, procaine hydrochloride. Suspending and dispersing agents include, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Emulsifying agents includes, for example, Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80). A sequestering or chelating agent of metal ions include, for example, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Pharmaceutical necessities include, for example, ethyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol for water miscible vehicles and sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, citric acid or lactic acid for pH adjustment.

The concentration of the pharmaceutically active ingredient is adjusted so that an injection, for example, 0.5 ml., 1.0 ml., 2.0 ml., and 5.0 ml. or an intraarterial or intravenous infusion, for example, 0.5 ml./min., 1.0 ml./min., 1.5 ml./min., and 2.0 ml./min. provides an effective amount to produce the desired pharmacological effect. The exact dose depends on the age, weight and condition of the patient or animal as is known in the art.

The unit-dose parenteral preparations are packaged, for example, in an ampul or a syringe with a needle. The multiple-dose package, for example, is a vial.

All preparations for parenteral administration must be sterile, as is known and practiced in the art.

Illustratively, intravenous or intraarterial infusion of a sterile aqueous solution containing an active material is an effective mode of administration. Another embodiment is a sterile aqueous or oily solution or suspension containing an active material injected as necessary to produce the desired pharmacological effect.

Pharmaceutical dosage forms for rectal administration are rectal suppositories, capsules, tablets for systemic effect.

Rectal suppositories are used herein mean solid bodies for insertion into the rectum which melt or soften at body temperature releasing one or more pharmacologically or therapeutically active ingredients.

Pharmaceutically acceptable substances utilized in rectal suppositories are bases or vehicles and agents to raise the melting point.

Examples of bases or vehicles include, for example, cocoa butter (theobroma oil), glycerin-gelatin, carbowax, (polyoxyethylene glycol) and appropriate mixtures of mono-, di- and triglycerides of fatty acids. Combinations of the various bases may be used. Agents to raise the melting point of suppositories include, for example, spermaceti and wax. Rectal suppositories may be prepared either by the compressed method or by molding. The usual weight of a rectal suppository is about 2.0 g.

Tablets and capsules for rectal administration are manufactured utilizing the same pharmaceutically acceptable substance and by the same methods as for formulations for oral administration.

Rectal suppositories, tablets or capsules are packaged either individually, in unit-dose, or in quantity, multiple dose, for example, 2, 6, or 12.

The pharmaceutically therapeutically active compounds of the Formula I are administered orally, parenterally or rectally in unit-dosage forms or multiple-dosage forms. Unit-dose forms as used in the specification and claims refers to physically discrete units suitable for human and animal subjects and packaged individually as is known in the art. Each unit-dose contains a predetermined quantity of the therapeutically active compound sufficient to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent. Examples of unit-dose forms include ampuls and syringes (parenteral), individually packaged tablet or capsule (oral-solid) or individually packaged teaspoonful or tablespoonful (oral-liquid). Unit-dose forms may be administered in fractions or multiples thereof. A multiple-dose form is a plurality of identical unit-dosage forms packaged in a single container to be administered in segregated unit-dose form. Examples of multiple-dose forms include vials (parenteral), bottles of tablets or capsules (oral-solid) or bottles of pints or gallons (oral-liquid). Hence, multiple dose form is a multiple of unit-doses which are not segregated in packaging. The specifications for the unit-dosage form and the multiple dosage form are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristic of the therapeutically active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such a therapeutically active compound for therapeutic or prophylactic.

In addition to the administration of a compound of Formula I as the principal active ingredient of composition for the treatment of the conditions described herein, the said compound can be included with other types of compounds to obtain advantageous combinations of properties. Such combinations include a compound of Formula I with other analgesics such as aspirin, phenacetin, acetaminophen, propoxyphene, pentazocine, codeine, meperidine, oxycodone, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen; muscle relaxants such as methocarbamol, orphenadrine, carisoprodol, meprobamate, chlorphenesin carbamate, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, and chlorzoxazone; analeptics such as caffeine, methylphenidate and pentylenetetrazol; corticosteroids such as methylprednisolone, prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethansone; antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine, cyprohetadine, promethazine and pyrilamine.

The compounds of the Formula I have analgetic activity and can be used for the relief of pain without loss of consciousness. The compounds can be used to treat the pain of headache, muscle spasm, arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions, e.g., bursitis, relieve mild to moderate postoperative and postpartum pain; dysmenorrhea and pain of traumatic origin. Additionally, the compounds of Formula I can be administrated for the treatment of severe pain, e.g., pain associated with adenocarcinoma, amputation of a limb, and third degree burns over a major portion of the body in animals and humans.

The compounds are also useful for inducing a state of anesthesia and/or analgesia wherein surgical procedures can be performed. The compounds can therein be used in combination with sedatives such as promazine or droperidol or with muscle relaxants.

The dosage of the compound of Formula I for analgetic purposes varies for the particular isomer. The less polar isomer, provisionally designated trans throughout this application, is far more potent in the standard analgetic measuring tests that its "cis" isomer. Differences in potency between the "trans" and "cis" isomer up to 100,000 times have been observed. Therefore, a separate dosage range for each isomer is provided. For "trans" isomers of the compounds of Formula I a range of from about 1.0 to about 100 mg./day divided between two to three daily doses brings about effective analgetic action. A preferred dosage range is from about 5 to about 80 mg./day. The "cis" isomer is dosed in a range of from about 10 to about 500 mg./day in two to three divided doses. A preferred dosage range is from about 25 to about 300 mg./day. A mixture of cis and trans should be administered in a manner which is midway between the cis and trans individual dosage ranges.

Some "trans" compounds are extremely more potent than others when administered parenterally. For these compounds, particular care is required in dosing. Compounds of this type are "trans" compounds wherein R.sub.2 is alkenyl of four to six carbon atoms inclusive, phenalkyl and p-fluorophenalkyl wherein alkyl is one to two carbon atoms, inclusive, alkylenylcycloalkyl wherein alkylene is one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, and cycloalkyl is three to six carbon atoms, inclusive, and alkylenylcycloalkenyl where alkylene is one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, and cycloalkenyl is five to seven carbon atoms, inclusive, and ##STR46## A dosage range of from about 1 .mu.g. to about 500 .mu.g., preferably 5 .mu.g. to about 150 .mu.g. per day divided among two to three doses can be employed for parenteral administration.

One thousand two-piece hard gelatin capsules for oral use, each containing 10 mg. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol are prepared from the following types and amounts of materials:

4-Dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol: 10 g.

Lactose: 150 g.

Corn starch: 25 g.

Talc: 20 g.

Magnesium stearate: 2 g.

The materials are thoroughly mixed and then encapsulated in the usual manner.

The foregoing capsules are useful for the treatment of headache in adult humans by the oral administration of one capsule every four hours.

One thousand two-piece hard gelatin capsules for oral use, each containing 60 mg. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol and 325 mg. of aspirin, are prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:

4-Dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol: 60 g.

Aspirin: 325 g.

Talc: 35 g.

Magnesium stearate: 2 g.

The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and then encapsulated in the usual manner.

The foregoing capsules are useful for the treatment of headache in adult humans by the oral administration of one capsule every six hours.

One thousand tablets for oral use, each containing 50 mg. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol are prepared from the following types and amounts of materials:

4-Dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol: 50 g.

Lactose: 125 g.

Corn starch: 65 g.

Magnesium stearate: 2.5 g.

Light liquid petrolatum: 3 g.

The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and slugged. The slugs are broken down by forcing through a number sixteen screen. The resulting granules are then compressed into tablets, each tablet containing 50 mg. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol.

The foregoing tablets are useful for treatment of arthritic pain in adult humans by oral administration of one tablet every four hours.

One thousand oral tablets, each containing 30 mg. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol and a total of 400 mg. of chlorphenesin carbamate are prepared from the following types and amounts of materials:

4-Dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol: 30 g.

Chlorphenesin carbamate: 400 g.

Lactose: 50 g.

Corn starch: 50 g.

Calcium stearate: 2.5 g.

Light liquid petrolatum: 5 g.

The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and slugged. The slugs are broken down by forcing through a number sixteen screen. The resulting granules are then compressed into tablets, each containing 30 mg. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol and 400 mg. of chlorphenesin carbamate.

The foregoing tablets are useful for treatment of low back pain by the oral administration of one tablet every six hours.

One thousand ml. of an aqueous suspension for oral use, containing in each 5 ml. dose 30 mg. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-tolyl)-1-methylcyclohexan-1-ol is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:

4-Dimethylamino-4-(p-tolyl)-1-methylcyclohexan-1-ol: 6 g.

Citric acid: 2 g.

Benzoic acid: 1 g.

Sucrose: 700 g.

Tragacanth: 5 g.

Lemon oil: 2 ml.

Deionized water q.s.: 1,000 ml.

The citric acid, benzoic acid, sucrose, tragacanth, and lemon oil are dispersed in sufficient water to make 850 ml. of solution. The 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-tolyl)-1-methylcyclohexan-1-ol is stirred into the syrup until uniformly distributed. Sufficient water is added to make 1,000 ml.

The composition so prepared is useful in the treatment of headache in adult humans at a dose of 1 teaspoonful (5 ml.) four times a day.

A sterile aqueous solution for intramuscular use, containing in one ml. 60 .mu.g. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-cyclopentylethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol is prepared from the following types and amounts of materials:

4-Dimethylamino-4-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-cyclopentylethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol: 60 mg.

Lidocaine hydrochloride: 4 g.

Methylparaben: 2.5 g.

Propylparaben: 0.17 g.

Water for injection q.s.: 1,000 ml.

The ingredients are dissolved in the water and the solution sterilized by filtration. The sterile solution is filled into vials and the vials sealed.

One thousand suppositories, each weighing about 2 g. and containing 75 mg. of 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol are prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:

4-Dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol: 75 g.

Propylene glycol: 162.5 g.

Polyethylene glycol 4000 q.s.: 2000 g.

The 4-dimethylamino-4-(p-bromophenyl)-1-phenethylcyclohexan-1-ol is added to the propylene glycol and the mixture milled until the powders are finely divided and uniformly dispersed. The polyethylene glycol 4000 is melted and the propylene glycol dispersion added slowly with stirring. The suspension is poured into unchilled molds at 40.degree. C. The composition is allowed to cool and solidify and then removed from the mold and each suppository foil wrapped.

The suppositories are useful in the treatment of headache by the insertion rectally of one suppository every six hours.

In a manner similar to Examples 6-12, the compounds of Examples 1-4 and Table IV are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions and used for analgetic purposes as in Examples 6-12.