US 4,297,527 AGrant
Input Gain Adjusting Apparatus and Method
Issue Date:1981-10-27
•12 Claims
•5 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
In a voice operated gain adjust for a voice processor included an input range adjust (10), a sixteen channel amplifier (12), an analog to digital converter (14) and a microcomputer (16). An audio signal including voice signals and background noise is applied to the input of the range adjust (10) and the amplifier (12). The output of the input range adjust (10) is applied through the A/D converter (14) to the microcomputer (16). The microcomputer (16) distinguishes voice signals from background noise and controls the gain of the amplifier (12) in accordance with the amplitude of the voice signals. Also, the microcomputer (16) controls the gain of the input range adjust (10) so that the input signal to the A/D converter (14) is within the operating range of the converter (14).
Metadata
Assignee
- E-Systems, Inc.
Inventor
- Jerry W. Pate
Application Information
Application Number:US 0350044
Filing Date:1979-05-01
Priority Date:1979-05-01
Art Unit:235
Classifications
IPC:
H03G 330
Field of Search:
1793304553401 VC;1 VL;1 P;1 HF;100.1 VC;170.8144;124 R234148
Patent Drawings (5 sheets)
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for adjusting the gain of an amplifier to adjust the amplitude of an input signal in a communication system, and particularly relates to a voice operated gain adjust apparatus and method for adjusting the amplitude of an input signal to a voice processor to optimize the amplitude of voice signals for further processing in the voice processor.
Background of Invention
Gain adjust circuits are often employed at the input of various communication systems for adjusting the amplitude of an input signal. In most voice processors, a voice operated gain adjust circuit (VOGAD) is usually found in the analog audio input section of the system. The VOGAD monitors the amplitude of voice signals in the input signal and multiplies the input signal by a gain factor such that the voice signals are at a desired amplitude level for further processing in the voice processor.
Voice processor systems often employ a hand set with a push-to-talk control button. In this type of system, conventional VOGADs provide adequate performance by keying their operation to the signal from the push-to-talk control button. Usually, the VOGAD is enabled when the button is depressed. However, in many commercial environments of voice processors, push-to-talk type control is not used. In commercial environments, such as in a telephone system interface or in computer room applications, a high level of background noise may be present.
Background noise and changing input levels have been found to interfere with the operation of most known conventional VOGADs. In such noisy environments, conventional VOGADs often overamplify or underamplify the input signal to the voice processor so that the voice signal is not at a desired amplitude.
Thus, a need has arisen for a new VOGAD capable of performing properly in a noisy environment in which an input signal includes background noise as well as the desired signal. In particular, a need is felt for a VOGAD that distinguishes between voice signals and background noise and that is capable of amplifying the input signal to the voice processor in response to the amplitude of the voice signals alone.
Summary of Invention
The present invention solves the foregoing and other problems associated with VOGADs by providing a novel apparatus incorporating control circuitry to perform a novel technique for adjusting gain of an amplifier in response to an input signal. In accordance with the present invention, a gain adjust is provided for use in a communications system which receives an input signal that includes a desired signal and noise. An amplifier is connected for receiving the input signal and includes an adjustment circuit for controlling the gain of the amplifier. Control circuitry is responsive to the input signal and distinguishes the desired signal from the noise. The control circuitry controls the gain of the amplifier according to the amplitude of the desired signal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the gain adjust includes a preamplifier for receiving the input signal. The preamplifier includes a preamplifier adjustment circuit for adjusting the gain thereof. An analog to digital converter is responsive to the output of the preamplifier for sampling the input signal and converting the input signal samples into a digital input signal that corresponds to the analog input signal multiplied by the gain of the preamplifier. The control circuitry is responsive to the digital input signal to control the gain of the preamplifier so that the output of the preamplifier is within the operating range of the analog to digital converter.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a voice operated gain adjust is provided for use in a voice processor that receives an input signal including voice signals and noise. An analog to digital converter is provided for producing a digital input signal corresponding to the analog input signal. Control circuitry is responsive to the digital input signal for determining the average absolute amplitude of the input over a selected sample time period. The maximum absolute amplitude of the input signal during this sample time period is also determined by the microcomputer. A selected adjustment cycle includes a plurality of sample periods. During the adjustment cycle, the average absolute amplitude and the maximum absolute amplitude are determined for each sample period in the adjustment cycle. A comparison is performed to determine which of the plurality of the maximum amplitude in an adjustment cycle is the largest and to determine in which sample period the largest maximum amplitude occurred. A sliding average of the average absolute amplitudes is also taken over a sliding time period. This sliding average is used to determine a noise threshold. The gain adjust includes an amplifier having a variable gain for amplifying the analog input signal. The gain of the amplifier is adjusted according to the average absolute amplitude of the sample period in which the largest maximum amplitude occurred. However, the control circuitry adjusts the gain of the amplifier only when it is determined that the largest maximum absolute amplitude determined in an adjustment cycle is greater than the noise threshold. In this manner, the gain of the amplifier is adjusted in response to the amplitude of voice signals in the analog input signal.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the above described voice operated gain adjust circuit (VOGAD) also includes an input range adjust for sampling at a predetermined frequency, amplifying and holding the analog input signal. The gain of the input range adjust is variable through a selected number of different gains. The analog to digital converter is connected to the output of the range adjust and produces the digital input signal corresponding to the analog input signal multiplied by the gain of the input range adjust. The control circuitry is operable to control the gain of the input range adjust so that the output thereof is within the operating range of the analog to digital converter.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the frequency of the input signal is monitored by the control circuitry by counting the number of positive to negative transistions in a selected time period. The frequency of the input signal is sampled for a plurality of selected time periods during one adjustment cycle. Gain adjustment of the amplifier is allowed for an adjustment cycle only if the frequency of the analog input signal is within predetermined frequency criteria. If a predetermined number of consecutive frequency samples in a single adjustment cycle fall within a frequency qualification range, the control circuitry is permitted to adjust the gain of the amplifier. However, if during an adjustment cycle, the predetermined number of consecutive frequency samples within the qualification range does not occur, the control circuitry is prevented from adjusting the gain of the amplifier.
In the preferred embodiment, an adjustment cycle includes twelve time periods in which the frequency of the input signal is determined. If the frequency of the input signal falls within the qualification frequency range indicating the presence of voice signals for three consecutive time periods in the adjustment cycle, then the control circuitry is permitted to adjust the gain of the amplifier providing other conditions are correct. However, if no three consecutive time periods have an input frequency falling within the qualification range, the control circuitry is prevented from adjusting the gain of the amplifier for the adjustment cycle.
In accordance with the present invention, a method of adjusting the amplitude of an input signal including a desired signal and background noise is provided. The input signal is monitored and an average absolute amplitude of the input signal is calculated over a first period of time. The maximum absolute amplitude of the input signal over this first period of time is also determined. A second time period or adjustment cycle includes a plurality of first time periods. The average absolute amplitude of the input signal in an adjustment cycle is determined by averaging the average absolute amplitude of the plurality of first time periods occurring in the adjustment cycle. The largest of the maximum absolute amplitudes and the particular first time period in which it occurred are also determined for each adjustment cycle. The average absolute amplitude for an adjustment cycle is used to calculate a sliding average for a sliding time period. A threshold is determined by adding a predetermined amount to this sliding average. The largest maximum absolute amplitude is compared to the threshold to determine which is greater. The largest maximum absolute amplitude being greater indicates the presence of the desired signal. The frequency of the input signal is also monitored to determine whether the input signal frequency is within predetermined frequency criteria indicating the presence of the desired signal. Then, the gain of the amplifier is adjusted to adjust the amplitude of the input signal in accordance with the average absolute amplitude occurring in the same first time period as the largest maximum absolute amplitude. However, the gain is adjusted only if the largest maximum absolute amplitude is greater than the threshold and only if the input signal frequency is within the predetermined frequency criteria.
In accordance with the present invention, a method of adjusting the amplitude of an analog input signal that includes speech signals and background noise comprises the following steps: converting the analog input signal into a digital input signal; digitally processing the digital input signal for detecting the speech signals in the presence of background noise; producing a control signal in accordance with the amplitude of the speech signals only when the speech signals are detected; and adjusting the gain of an amplifier to adjust the amplitude of the input signal in response to the control signal in accordance with predetermined adjustment criteria.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The present invention may best be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following Detailed Description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the preferred embodiment of the invention showing a voice operated gain adjust;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an analog to digital converter, an input range adjust for the analog to digital converter, and an audio amplifier having a variable gain that is controlled by a plurality of feedback loops;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the microcomputer used in the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c are a flow chart depicting the operation of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Referring now to the drawings in which like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is shown in FIG. 1 a block diagram of the preferred embodiment of the invention, a voice operated gain adjust. An audio input signal is applied to an input range adjust 10 and a sixteen channel gain adjust amplifier 12. The audio input signal includes voice signals as well as background noise. The term background noise will be taken to include sounds such as produced by slamming doors or the operation of typewriters and printers, as well as electrical noise and other noise commonly present in communications systems.
The input range adjust 10 samples and amplifies the audio input signal and holds such signal at its output, thus, performing a sample and hold function. The output of the input range adjust 10 is applied to an analog to digital converter 14 which produces a digital input signal corresponding to the audio input signal multiplied by the gain of the input range adjust 10. The digital input signal from the analog to digital converter 14 is applied to a microcomputer 16 that is used as control circuitry in the present invention for controlling the gain of the input gain adjust 10 and the amplifier 12.
The microcomputer 16 is programmed to control the gain of input range adjust 10 and the amplifier 12 in response to the digital input signal. Every digital input signal transmitted to the microcomputer 16 is examined to determine whether the output of the input range adjust 10 is within the operating range of the analog to digital converter 14. If it is determined that this output signal is too small, the gain of the input range adjust 10 is increased. If the output signal is too large, the gain of the input range adjust 10 is diminished. If the output signal is too large and the input range adjust 10 is presently operating at its lowest gain, it is assumed that the audio input signal is overdriving the amplifier 12. Thus, when this latter condition occurs, the gain of the amplifier 12 is decreased.
The microcomputer 16 is programmed to distinguish voice signals from background noise. When the presence of voice signals is detected, the peak amplitude of the voice signal is used to determine the proper gain for the sixteen channel gain adjust amplifier 12. Thus, when voice signals are detected by the microcomputer 16, a control signal is transmitted to the amplifier 12 to adjust the gain of the amplifier to a proper level for the voice signals of the incoming audio input signal. In this manner, the audio output of the amplifier 12 includes voice signals amplified to a proper level for further processing in a voice processor. The operation of the input range adjust 10, the analog to digital converter 14, the microcomputer 16, and the amplifier 12 will be hereinafter described in greater detail.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the analog components of the present invention are shown in detail. Specifically, the input range adjust 10, the analog to digital converter 14, and the gain adjust amplifier 12 are schematically shown in FIG. 2.
The input range adjust 10 includes a switching circuit 18 interconnected with four amplifiers 20, 24, 26 and 28 that are manufactured as one component by Harris, Semiconductor Products Division, part no. HA1-2405-5. The output of each of these amplifiers is connected to the mixing amplifier 30 whose output is connected to a one microfarad capacitor 32. Capacitor 32 holds the output voltage of the mixing amplifier 30 which constitutes the output of the input range adjust 10.
The gain of the amplifiers 20, 24, 26 and 28 is controlled by the feedback lines 34, 36, 38 and 40, respectively. Thus, the feedback loop to amplifier 20 includes the 32 k ohm resistor 42. The feedback loop to amplifier 24 includes the series connection of resistor 42 and a 4 k resistor 44. The feedback loop to the amplifier 26 includes the series connection of resistors 42, 44 and a 2 k resistor 46. Finally, the feedback loop to the amplifier 28 includes the series connection of resistors 42, 44, 46 and a 1 k resistor 48, and the line 40 is also connected to ground through a 1 k resistor 50. In this configuration, amplifier 20 has a gain of 5, amplifier 24 has a gain of 10, amplifier 26 has a gain of 20, and amplifier 28 has a gain of 40.
The switching circuit 18 selectively enables one of the amplifiers 20, 24, 26 or 28 for a predetermined length of time to sample the audio input signal. The audio input signal is applied to the input of each of these amplifiers through line 52. Thus, the switching circuit 18, by selecting one of four amplifiers, is operable to select the gain of the input range adjust 10.
The gain of the input range adjust 10 is controlled by the microcomputer 16 through control lines 54 and 56. The voltage appearing on lines 54 and 56 determines which of the amplifiers 20, 24, 26 or 28 is enabled by the switching circuit 18.
An end of conversion signal is also applied to the switching circuit 18 on the control line 58. The end of conversion signal indicates that the analog to digital converter 14 has completed a conversion. In response to the end of conversion signal on line 58, the switching circuit 18 is enabled and the audio input signal on line 52 is again sampled. The voltage detected on line 52 is amplified and held on the capacitor 32.
The output of the input range adjust 10 corresponds to the audio input signal multiplied by the selected gain of the input range adjust 10. This output is applied through line 60 to the analog to digital converter 14 that converts this analog signal into an eight bit digital word. The particular A/D converter used in the preferred embodiment is part no. ADC 0800 PD manufactured by National Semiconductor. The function of the amplifiers 20, 24, 26 and 28 is to amplify the audio input signal before it is applied to the A/D converter 14. These amplifiers are performing a preamplification function and, thus may be referred to collectively as a preamplifier. The output of the analog to digital converter 14 is applied to the microcomputer 16 through the eight output lines 62. The start signal is applied on line 64 to begin the operation of the analog to digital converter 14, and a clock signal is applied to the converter 14 through input line 66. The end of conversion signal is applied to line 58 through line 68 to indicate that the converter 14 has completed the conversion of an analog sample into a digital signal.
The sixteen channel gain adjust amplifier 12 includes an operational amplifier 70 (part no. 3403, manufactured by Fairchild), and a switching circuit 72 (part no. DG-605 BR, manufactured by Siliconix). The output of the amplifier 70 is connected to the input of the switching circuit 72, and the input of the amplifier 70 is connected to the switching circuit 72 through sixteen different resistive paths 74. The switching circuit 72 is operable to connect the output of the amplifier 70 through one of the sixteen different resistive paths 74 to the input of the amplifier 70. In this manner, the switching circuit 72 is operable to select the gain of the amplifier 70.
Each of the sixteen resistive paths 74 has a different resistance to provide a varying gain for the amplifier 70 according to which one of the resistive paths 74 is connected in a feedback loop with the amplifier 70. In the preferred embodiment, resistors are chosen for the sixteen resistive paths 74 so that the gain of the amplifier 70 may be incremented from 0 db to 15 db through 1 db steps. Thus, resistors are chosen to provide the following gains: 1.0, 1.1, 1.26, 1.33, 1.50, 1.78, 1.96, 2.16, 2.55, 3.14, 3.55, 3.92, 4.30, 4.70, and 5.29.
The operation of the switching circuits 72 is controlled by four control lines 75 that are connected to the microcomputer 16. A four bit digital word is transmitted from the microcomputer 16 through the control line 75 to the switching circuit 72 to select one of the sixteen different resistive paths 74. In this manner, the microcomputer 16 selects the feedback loop for the amplifier 70, thus controlling the gain of the amplifier.
The audio input signal is supplied to the input of the amplifier 70 on line 76. The output of the amplifier 70 corresponds to the audio input signal multiplied by a gain selected by the microcomputer 16. This output of amplifier 70 is transmitted on line 78 for use in a communication system such as a voice processor.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a schematic diagram of a microcomputer 16. The microcomputer includes an 8085 microprocessor 90 interconnected with an 8755A read only memory (ROM) 92 and an 8156 random access memory (RAM) 94, all of which are manufactured by Intel Corporation. The microcomputer 16 is interconnected basically as the 8085 minimal system as shown on page 2-22 of the MCS-85 TM USERS MANUAL published January 1978 by Intel Corporation. The interconnections between and the operations of the processor 90, the ROM 92 and the RAM 94 are described in the USERS MANUAL.
An eight bit digital word is input into the RAM 94 on lines 62 and constitutes a digital input signal corresponding to the audio input signal multiplied by the gain of the input range adjust 10. Lines 75 are interconnected between the RAM 94 and the switching circuit 72 for controlling the gain of the amplifier 70 shown in FIG. 2. Likewise, lines 54 and 56 are connected between the RAM 94 and the switching circuit 18 shown in FIG. 2. The end of conversion signal is applied to the RAM 94 on line 58, and the clock signal is connected to the RAM 94 on line 66. The start signal is transmitted on line 64.
An inhibit signal may be applied to the RAM 94 through the inhibit line 100. The inhibit signal is generated externally, such as by the push button of a push to talk hand set. When the inhibit signal is present, the microcomputer 16 will not adjust the gain of the amplifier 12.
A reset signal may be applied to the processor 90 through line 102. Such reset signal may be generated by any appropriate external source. Alternately, a reset button 104 may be actuated to apply a reset signal to the processor 90. When the reset signal appears, the processor 90 will cause a return to the beginning of the program and execution will start again.
A flow chart is shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d using standard symbolism and illustrating the operation of the microcomputer 16.
The flow chart of FIGS. 4a, 4b, and 4c are a simplified flow diagram illustrating the function of the present invention. The title, as shown in block 110, is VOGAD. The first step, shown in block 112, is initialization. During this step, all in/out ports of the microprocessor and all variables are given an initial value. In the next step, indicated by block 114, a microprogrammable timer is monitored to determine whether it is time for a new analog to digital conversion. The microprogrammable timer is set for a fixed period of time and determines the rate at which the audio input signal will be sampled. If it is time for a new conversion, the program will restart the conversion timer as indicated by block 116. If it is not time for a new conversion, block 114 will be repeated until the answer is yes. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sample rate is 8,000 hertz. After the timer expires, it is restarted as indicated by block 116, and, as indicated by block 118, a check is made to insure the analog to digital conversion is complete. If the end of conversion signal is not present, the program will continue to check to determine whether the analog to digital conversion is complete.
In the next stop of the program, block 120, the digitized sample is stored in the RAM 94, and the gain setting of the input range adjust 10 is also stored in the RAM for use in later scaling of the sample.
After these values have been stored, the sample is then examined for an overdrive condition (block 122). If the sample is greater than a predetermined amount, a check is made to determine whether the input gain adjust 10 is set at minimum gain (block 124). If the input range adjust 10 is not set at its minimum gain, the gain thereof is decreased on step (block 126), and the program returns to the step indicated by circles 130 and 132.
If, however, the preamplifier of the input range adjust 10 is set at a minimum gain, it is assumed that the gain adjust amplifier 12 is also overdriven. At this point, the inhibit signal is checked (block 128) to determine whether a gain adjustment of the amplifier 12 is permissible. If so, the gain of amplifier 12 is decreased one step. If not, a wait period follows to insure that the input audio signal is not decreased due to a momentary large peak in the audio input signal. After the wait, the program is returned to block 114 as indicated by circles 138 and 132.
Referring again to block 122, if the analog to digital converter 14 is not overdriven, a check is made to determine whether a sufficient number of samples have been acquired (block 140). If so, the program proceeds to block 146 as indicated by circles 142 and 144. If not, the program returns to block 114, as indicated by circles 138 and 132 and sampling continues.
Provided sufficient samples have been acquired, the calculations indicated by block 146 are performed. First, the absolute value of each sample is found, and each sample is scaled to form a normalized number based on the gain setting of the input range adjust 10. Each sample is also checked to see if it is larger than any previous sample taken during the present input adjustment period. If it is, it becomes the new largest maximum sample value. This new maximum sample value and its corresponding average sample value are recorded. When a negative signed sample is followed by a positive signed sample, one zero crossing is counted. Each scaled sample is also accumulated or summed to generate a number that will be used to find the average of the present sample period. After the processing of block 146 is completed for all samples, the sample acquisition counter is restarted and the inhibit line is again checked for an inhibit signal (block 148). If the inhibit signal is present, the program remains at block 148 until the inhibit signal is absent.
Assuming the inhibit signal is absent, the current adjustment period sample is descaled to compensate for the gain of the input range adjust 10 (block 150). Next, the current peak sample is checked to determine if it is less than a predetermined amount that would indicate that the audio input signal is too weak for proper analysis. When the sample is found to be too small, the gain of the input range adjust 10 is increased. Should the gain already be set at a maximum gain, processing continues (blocks 152, 154 and 156).
Next, the computer calculates a sample average referred to as T-SAMPLE from accumulated samples. In the preferred embodiment, 32 samples are taken at 8,000 hertz, one sample every 125 microseconds. Each sample is scaled according to the value of the gain of the input range adjust 10. The absolute value of each sample is then generated, and this scaled absolute value is accumulated from 32 samples and then divided by 32. This yields an average value for a four millisecond time sample (32.times.125 microseconds equals four milliseconds). This is the sample given the label T-SAMPLE.
Also, as previously described, the samples taken every 125 microseconds are monitored to determine the maximum sample value, and this sample and its corresponding average sample value are recorded. The processing of the 32 samples requires six milliseconds. During this time no input samples are taken.
Each T-SAMPLE is stored in a buffer until a predetermined number of them are recorded. In the preferred embodiment, sixteen T-SAMPLES are stored. These samples are then averaged, and the average is labeled T-16 which represents an average over 160 milliseconds.
Also, the adjustment period counter is incremented in this step (block 158). This counter sets the normal gain adjustment interval for the variable gain section of the input range adjust 10.
Next, as indicated by block 160, a check is made to determine whether the appropriate number of T-SAMPLES have been generated. If so, a check is made to determine if the number of zero crossings is within the qualification range for this adjustment period. The zero crossing counter value has been recorded every 120 milliseconds. The value is calculated twelve times every adjustment cycle. If three consecutive zero crossing values fall into a specified qualification frequency range, then an adjustment of gain during the current adjustment cycle is approved, and a zero crossing control flag is set to indicate that it is permissible to adjust the gain (blocks 162 and 164). Next, as indicated by block 166, the T-SAMPLES are averaged to determine an average over a longer period of time. As previously described, in the preferred embodiment, sixteen T-SAMPLES are averaged to determine T-16.
Next, as indicated by block 168, a sliding average is determined. The sliding average is used as an indication of background noise level. In the preferred embodiment, the sliding average covers a period of approximately 5.12 seconds. The sliding average will be labeled as TWO, and is determined by the following equation:
The calculated value of TWO' replaces the old value of TWO in memory and is used for the next TWO calculation. After calculation of the sliding average TWO, a noise threshold value is calculated by simply adding a predetermined amount to the sliding average TWO (block 170). In the preferred embodiment, 26h (hexidecimal) is added to TWO to determine the threshold value (26h=38.sub.10).
In the next step (block 172), a check is made to determine whether the adjustment period is complete. At this point in the program, a decision is made as to whether it is time to adjust the audio gain of the amplifier 12. If the adjust period is not complete, the program returns to block 114 as indicated by circles 174 and 132. If the adjustment period is complete, the program continues to block 180 as indicated by circles 176 and 178. Several tests will now be made prior to permitting actual adjustment of the audio gain of amplifier 12.
The first check determines whether the maximum sample value for the adjustment cycle is greater than the threshold (block 180). If so, a check is made to determine whether or not the zero crossing flag has been set indicating that the frequency check indicates that the desired signal such as voice signals are present (block 182). If so, a check is made to determine whether an inhibit signal is present. If the inhibit signal is not present, the program proceeds to block 186.
However, if the answer to the checks in blocks 180 or 182 is no, or if the answer to the check of block 184 is yet, the program proceeds to block 188. In such case, the adjustment period counter is restarted and the program returns to block 114 as indicated by circles 190 and 132.
If the inhibit is not active (block 184), the average absolute amplitude for the sample period having the largest maximum amplitude taken during the adjustment period or cycle is compared to a table stored within the memory of the ROM 92. This table is simply a look-up table used to determine the appropriate gain for a particular amplitude audio input signal. Thus, the values in the table may be set according to desired performance or operating criteria.
In the next step (block 192), a check is made to determine whether a gain increase is required. If no change or a decrease in gain is required, the program proceeds to block 194 and the gain of the amplifier is set immediately and directly. However, if a gain increase is required, the program proceeds to block 196, and a check is made to determine whether the required gain increase is greater than four steps or four db. in the preferred embodiment. If so, the program proceeds to block 198, and the gain of amplifier 12 is increased only four steps regardless of the amount of gain increase called for by the look-up table. However, if the gain is equal to or less than four steps, the program proceeds to block 194, and the amplifier 12 is set with the new gain required by the table.
Finally, the program proceeds to block 188, the adjustment period counter is restarted, the program returns to the beginning (block 114), and the program is repeated.
It will be appreciated that many functions performed by the microcomputer 16 are redundant or repetitive. The same check steps may be performed more than once, or two different checks may be performed for the purpose of determining the same condition. For example, the presence or absence of a desired signal such as voice is determined using both an amplitude check and a frequency check. The presence or absence of the inhibit signal is also checked more than once during the program. It will be appreciated that this redundancy is provided to insure accurate operation of the voice operated gain adjust circuit of the present invention.
The program used in the preferred embodiment is listed hereinbelow. This program is specifically written for the minimal system using the 8085 processor manufactured by Intel Corporation. However, it will be understood that the program may be adapted for use in other processors or computers. ##SPC1## ##SPC2##
Although a preferred embodiment has been described in the Detailed Description, it will be understood that the invention is capable of numerous modifications and rearrangements without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims
I claim:
1. A voice operated gain adjust apparatus for use in a voice processor that receives an analog input signal including voice signals and background noise, comprising: means for converting the analog input signal into a digital input signal; an amplifier having a variable gain for amplifying the analog input signal, said amplifier includes a plurality of different feedback loops and a switching circuit for connecting any of said feedback loops to the amplifier to determine the gain thereof; and controller means including a central processing unit, a nonvolatile memory for storing a program, and a volatile memory for use in executing the program, each of said memories being interconnected with said central processing unit, said controller means being responsive to the digital input signal and the stored program for detecting the presence and absence of voice signals in the analog input signal and for generating a control signal which is applied to said switching circuit for varying the gain of said amplifier according to the amplitude of the analog input signal occurring in selected time periods only when the presence of voice signals is detected.
2. A voice operated gain adjust apparatus for use in a voice processor that receives an analog input signal including voice signals and background noise, comprising: means for converting the analog input signal into a digital input signal; controller means including a central processing unit, a nonvolatile memory for storing a program, and a volatile memory for use in executing the program, each of said memories being interconnected with said central processing unit, said controller means being responsive to the digital input signal and the stored program for determining an average absolute amplitude of the analog input signal over first selected time periods, for determining a largest maximum absolute amplitude of the analog input signal occurring during a second selected time period that includes a plurality of first selected time periods, for determining a threshhold by adding a predetermined amount to the average of the average absolute amplitudes occurring in the second selected time period, and for comparing the largest maximum absolute amplitude occurring in the second selected time period to the threshold; an amplifier having a variable gain for amplifying the analog input signal, said amplifier includes a plurality of different feedback loops and a switching circuit for connecting any of said feedback loops to the amplifier to determine the gain thereof, said controller means being operable to control said switching circuit to select the gain of the amplifier; and said controller means being operable to produce a control signal which is applied to said switching circuit to adjust the gain of said amplifier according to the average absolute amplitude of the first selected time period in which the largest maximum absolute amplitude occurred, the gain of said amplifier being adjusted only when the largest maximum absolute amplitude is greater than the threshold so that the gain of said amplifier is adjusted in response to the voice signals in said analog input signal.
3. The voice operated gain adjust apparatus of claim 2 wherein said controller means is operable to determine the frequency of said analog input signal, said controller means being operable to adjust the gain of said amplifier only when the frequency of the input signal is within predetermined frequency criteria.
4. The voice operated gain adjust apparatus of claim 2 wherein said controller means is operable to determine the frequency of said analog input signals for a plurality of selected time periods by counting the number of negative to positive transitions of the analog input signal in the selected time periods and is operable to adjust the gain of said amplifier only when the frequency of said analog input signal is within predetermined frequency criteria, said predetermined frequency criteria being chosen so that said controller means is operable to adjust the gain of said amplifier only in the presence of voice signals in the analog input signal.
5. The voice operated gain adjust apparatus of claim 4 wherein said controller means is operable to adjust the gain of said amplifier only when the frequency of the analog input signal is within a predetermined frequency range for a selected consecutive number of said selected time periods within an adjustment cycle of a number of said selected time periods.
6. The voice operated gain adjust apparatus of claim 4 wherein said controller means is operable to adjust the gain of said amplifier only when the frequency of the analog input signal is within a predetermined frequency range for three consecutive time periods in an adjustment cycle that includes twelve time periods.
7. The voice operated gain adjust apparatus of claim 2 wherein said controller means is operable to increase the gain of said amplifier only a predetermined amount in a single adjustment cycle of a selected time period.
8. The voice operated gain adjust apparatus of claim 2 wherein said controller means is responsive to an external inhibit signal indicating the absence of voice signals in said analog input signal, said controller means being operable to adjust the gain of said amplifier only in the absence of an inhibit signal.
9. Gain adjusting apparatus for adjusting the amplitude of an input signal in the presence of noise, comprising: preamplification means for receiving and amplifying the input signal, said preamplification means including adjustment means for adjusting the gain thereof; amplification means for receiving and amplifying the input signal, said amplification means including adjustment means for controlling the gain thereof; an analog-to-digital converter responsive to the output of the preamplification means for producing a digital output signal corresponding to the input signal; and controller means responsive to the output signal of the digital-to-analog converter for distinguishing the noise on the input signal and for controlling the gain of said amplification means in response to the output of said analog-to-digital converter and for controlling the gain of said preamplification means to maintain the output thereof within the operating range of said analog-to-digital converter.
10. A voice operated gain adjusting apparatus for use in a voice processor that receives an analog input signal including voice signals and background noise, comprising: input range adjusting means for sampling, amplifying and holding the analog input signal at a predetermined sampling frequency, the gain of said input range adjusting means being variable; an analog-to-digital converter connected to the output of said input range adjusting means for producing a digital signal corresponding to the analog input signal; controller means responsive to the digital signal to control the gain of said input range adjusting means to maintain the output thereof within the operating range of the analog-to-digital converter, said controller means further responsive to the digital signal for determining an average absolute amplitude of the analog input signal over first selected time periods, for determining a largest maximum absolute amplitude of the analog input signal occurring during a second selected time period that includes a plurality of first selected time periods, for determining a threshold by adding a predetermined amount to the average of the average absolute amplitudes occurring in the second selected time period, and for comparing the largest maximum absolute amplitude occurring in the second selected time period to the threshold; an amplifier having a variable gain for amplifying the analog input signal, said amplifier including means for adjusting the gain thereof; and said controller means being operable to produce a control signal for being applied to said means for adjusting to adjust the gain of said amplifier according to the average absolute amplitude of the first selected time period in which the largest maximum absolute amplitude occurred, the gain of said amplifier being adjusted only when the largest maximum absolute amplitude is greater than the threshold so that the gain of said amplifier is adjusted in response to the voice signals in said analog input signal.
11. A voice operated gain adjusting apparatus for use in a voice processor that receives an analog input signal including voice signals and background noise, comprising: a preamplifier connected to receive the analog input signal; a plurality of feedback loops; a switching circuit for connecting any of said feedback loops to said preamplifier to control the gain thereof; an analog-to-digital converter connected to the output of said preamplifier for generating a digital signal corresponding to the analog input signal multiplied by the gain of said preamplifier; controller means operable to control said switching circuit to select the gain of said preamplifier to maintain the output thereof within the operating range of said analog-to-digital converter, said controller means further responsive to the digital signal for determining an average absolute amplitude of the analog input signal over first selected time periods, for determining a largest maximum absolute amplitude of the analog input signal occurring during a second selected time period that includes a plurality of first selected time periods, for determining a threshold by adding a predetermined amount to the average of the average absolute amplitudes occurring in the second selected time period, and for comparing the largest maximum absolute amplitude occurring in the second selected time period to the threshold; an amplifier having a variable gain for amplifying the analog input signal, said amplifier including means for adjusting the gain thereof; and said controller means being operable to produce a control signal for being applied to said means for adjusting to adjust the gain of said amplifier according to the average absolute amplitude of the first selected time period in which the largest maximum absolute amplitude occurred, the gain of said amplifier being adjusted only when the largest maximum absolute amplitude is greater than the threshold so that the gain of said amplifier is adjusted in response to the voice signals in said analog input signal.
12. A voice operated gain adjust apparatus for use in a voice processor that receives an analog input signal including voice signals and background noise, comprising: first and second amplifiers for independently amplifying the input signal by first and second variable gains, respectively; a first plurality of different feedback loops; a second plurality of different feedback loops; a first switching circuit for connecting any of said first feedback loops to said first amplifier to determine the gain thereof; a second switching circuit for connecting any of said second feedback loops to said second amplifier to determine the gain thereof; an analog to digital converter connected to the output of said second amplifier for producing a digital input signal corresponding to the analog input signal multiplied by the gain of said second amplifier; a computer responsive to the digital input signal for calculating an average absolute amplitude of the analog input signal for a selected period of time, for determining the largest absolute amplitude of the analog input signal occurring in a selected period of time, for determining the frequency of the analog input signal by counting the number of negative to positive transitions in the digital input signal occurring in a selected time period, for generating a first control signal corresponding to voice signals in the analog input signal to control the gain of said first amplifier only when the largest absolute amplitude is greater than the average absolute amplitude by a specified amount and only when the frequency of the analog input signal is within predetermined frequency criteria, and for generating a second control signal corresponding to the digital input signal for controlling the gain of the said second amplifier; means for applying the first control signal to the first switching circuit to adjust the gain of said first amplifier according to the amplitude of speech signals in the analog input signal; and means for applying the second control signal to the second switching circuit to adjust the gain of said second amplifier so that the output signal of the second amplifier is within the operating range of the analog to digital converter.
Patent Citations (1)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US4068092 | 1978-01-01 | Ikoma et al. |
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