Indexing Device

This invention relates to an indexing device.

Indexing devices are used with machine tools to provide, for example, controlled rotation of a workpiece or of a toolholder carrying several tools. In use, an indexing device may be mounted on the table of a milling machine with a workpiece supported on a face plate of the indexing device. The face plate can be rotated by precise angles to present required portions of the workpiece to the cutter of the milling machine. To drive the face plate, the indexing device may have a motor projecting to one side of the indexing device. It is important that the projecting motor does not come into contact with parts of the milling machine when the table of the milling machine is traversed. In conventional indexing devices, the position of the motor is fixed, and this imposes a constraint on the position of the indexing device on the table of the milling machine. For example, if it is possible for the indexing device to be mounted at the left hand end of the table of a milling machine with the motor projecting away from structural parts of the milling machine for one operation, it may not be possible to move the indexing device to the other end of the table and to turn it round through 180.degree., because the motor would then project in the opposite direction and may come into contact with parts of the milling machine. Previously, when such circumstances have arisen, it has been necessary to use a different indexing device of which the motor projects in the opposite direction.

According to the present invention, there is provided an indexing device comprising a face plate, which is rotatably mounted in a housing, and a drive unit including a motor, the drive unit being adapted to be fitted to the housing in driving engagement with the face plate in either one of two mutually angularly offset positions.

With an indexing device constructed in accordance with the present invention, the drive unit, including the motor, can be removed from the housing, rotated through, for example, 180.degree., and replaced, the motor then projecting from the opposite side of the indexing device. This facility greatly increases the versatility of the indexing device.

For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an indexing device;

FIG. 2 is a partly sectioned view of the device of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 3 is a partly sectioned view taken along the lines III--III in FIG. 2.

As seen in FIG. 1, the indexing device comprises a housing 2 in which a face plate 4 is rotatably supported. A drive unit 6 is provided for driving the face plate 4, this drive unit 6 including a stepping motor 8.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the stepping motor 8 is connected to drive a worm 10 which meshes with a worm wheel 12 connected to the face plate 4 by screws 14. The rotary axis of the motor 8 lies in a plane which is perpendicular to the rotary axis of the face plate 4.

The worm 10 is formed on a shaft 16 which is supported by taper roller bearings 20 in a block 18 of the drive unit. The bearings 20 are preloaded by end caps 22 and 23 of the drive unit which are secured by screws 24, only one of which is shown in FIG. 2. The end caps 22 and 23 act on the bearings 20 through spacers 26, and the magnitude of the preload can be altered by changing the axial length of the spacers 26. Sealing rings 28 provide a seal between the shaft 16 and the end caps 22 and 23.

The output shaft 30 of the stepping motor 8 is received in a bore in one end of the shaft 16, where it is rotationally fixed by a key 32. The stepping motor 8 is secured to the block 18 and to the housing 2 by screws 34, which extend through the end cap 22.

At the end of the shaft 16 away from the motor 8, there is a flange 36 which has a zero mark. A pointer 38 is provided for indicating an initial reference position of the shaft 16. The pointer can be rotated manually by a knob 40. The pointer 38 and the flange 36 are visible through a transparent cover 42 which is bonded to the end cap 23 and is held in position by a screw 44. The end cap 23 is secured to the block 18 and the housing 2 by screws 46, only one of which is shown in FIG. 2.

As shown in FIG. 3, the block 18 is clamped to the housing 2 by screws 48, only one of which is shown in FIG. 3. The block 18 has two shoulders 50, and laminated "peel-off" shims 52 are provided between the shoulders 50 and the housing 2. These shims 52 are made up of steel wafers, each wafer being, for example, 0.002 inches thick.

The face plate 4 has a hollow shaft 54 which is supported in the housing 2 by bearings 56. The shaft 54 is axially retained within the housing 2 by a retaining nut 58 and spacer rings 60 and 62. The periphery 64 of the face plate 4 is marked with graduations which move past a reference indication on a ring 66 when the face plate rotates. The ring 66 is secured to the housing 2 by screws 68. A sealing ring 70 is provided between the face plate 4 and the ring 66, and a sealing ring 72 is provided between the worm wheel 12 and the housing 2.

A brake constituted by a piston 74 is accommodated in the housing 2 at the end away from the face plate 4. A friction lining 76 is screwed to the piston 74 and, as shown, is in contact with a collar 78 which is fastened to the shaft 54 by screws 80. There is a sealing ring 82 between the collar 78 and the piston 74. An annular plate 84 is secured to the housing 2 by screws 86 and defines, with the piston 74, a chamber 88. Plungers 90, of which only one is shown in FIG. 3, are received in bores 92 in the piston 74. Each plunger 90 is pushed by a stack of disc springs 94 outwardly of its bore 92 into engagement with a surface of the housing 2. To increase the braking effect, the force of the springs 94 may be assisted by introducing air or other fluid under pressure into a chamber 93 between the piston 74 and the housing 2. In some cases, the springs 94 may be dispensed with, the braking force being applied solely by air or fluid supplied to the chamber 93. Sealing rings 96 are provided between the piston 74 on one hand and the housing 2 or the end plate 84 on the other hand. There is also a sealing ring 98 between the end plate 84 and the housing 2.

For operation, the housing 2 is bolted to the table of a milling machine or other machine tool. When the face plate 4 is not being rotated, the disc springs 94 press the friction lining 76 into contact with the collar 78, so locking the face plate 4 to the housing 2. For this purpose the piston 74 is fixed against rotation relatively to the housing 2 by means which are not shown in the drawings. To release the braking force applied by the friction lining 76, fluid, for example air, under pressure is admitted to the chamber 88 through ducts which are not visible in the drawings. This moves the piston 74 to the left as seen in FIG. 3, so compressing the disc springs 94 and moving the friction lining 76 out of contact with the collar 78. Where the braking force is applied by pressurized fluid in the chamber 93, the braking force is released by only venting the chamber 93. To rotate the face plate 4, the stepping motor 8 is activated by electrical pulses which drive the face plate through the reduction gearing constituted by the worm 10 and the worm whee1 12. The frequency of the pulses may be varied to vary the speed of rotation of the face plate. By electronically counting the number of pulses applied to the stepping motor 8, it is possible to determine the precise angle through which the face plate 4 has been rotated. It should be noted that, where the braking force is applied by the springs 94 and released by compressed air in the chamber 88, failure of the air supply will automatically cause the brake to be applied, so locking the face plate 4 in position until the air supply resumes.

The indexing device illustrated is suitable for use with tape controlled machines. When the machine finishes an operation on one part of a workpiece supported by the face plate 4, the machine delivers a signal to a control unit for the indexing device which results in a predetermined number of pulses being applied to the stepping motor 8 to rotate the workpiece by the required amount to present the next part of the workpiece to the milling machine for machining.

As will be appreciated from FIG. 2, the stepping motor 8 projects to one side of the housing 2. In some circumstances, it may be necessary to position the indexing device on the machine tool in such a position that the stepping motor 8, in the position illustrated in FIG. 2, might come into contact with parts of the milling machine to which the indexing device is fitted, and this could severely damage the indexing device. Alternatively, it may be inconvenient for other reasons to have the stepping motor 8 projecting in the direction indicated in FIG. 2. To avoid these inconveniences, the indexing device illustrated has the facility that it is possible to remove the drive unit 6, including the stepping motor 8, and to replace it the other way round, so that the stepping motor 8 projects to the right of the housing 2 as seen in FIG. 2 and as shown in dotted outline in FIG. 1. This changeover is achieved by unscrewing the screws 44, 46 and 48, removing the motor 8, unscrewing the screws 24, lifting out the assembly comprising the block 18, the end caps 22 and 23 and the worm 10 and replacing them the other way round. The screws 24 can then be inserted again to apply the correct preload to the roller bearings 20, the motor 8 replaced and the screws 44, 46, and 48 replaced and tightened.

The shims 52 govern the extent of the meshing between the worm 10 and the worm wheel 12. As these components wear, the amount of blacklash between them will increase. This undesirable situation can be rectified by moving the axis of the shaft 16 closer to the axis of the worm wheel 12, thus moving the teeth of the worm 10 deeper between those of the worm wheel 12. This is achieved by peeling off the required number of wafers from each of the shims 52.

Although the indexing device has been described as a device for supporting workpieces in machine tools, it can also be used for other purposes. For example, it could be used as an automatic tool-changer, where a number of tools are connected to the face plate at different angular positions, so that rotation of the face plate would bring a different one of the tools into a machining position.