US 4,272,844 AGrant
Multiplex Time Division Switching Network Unit of the Time-Time Type
Issue Date:1981-06-09
•4 Claims
•14 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
Multiplex time division switching network unit comprising a plurality of P groups of N incoming and outgoing multiplex highways and P incoming and outgoing supermultiplex highways each formed of N multiplex highways and having 2aN time slots where a is the number of time slots in a multiplex highway. The supermultiplex highways are multiplexed two by two and with themselves to form double supermultiplex highways each having 2aN time slots. It results that there exists a double supermultiplex highway simultaneously containing any time slot assigned to a calling party and any time slot assigned to a called party whatever be these time slots. The buffer stores of the switching network unit can thus be rendered bidirectional and their number is P(P+1)/2 instead of P.sup.2 in the prior art.
Metadata
Assignee
- Centre National d'Etudes de Telecommunication
Inventors
- Alain Y. Roche
- Olivier F. Louvet
- Daniel J. Mell
- Perros Guirec
- Herve LeBris
Application Information
Application Number:US 0542385
Filing Date:1979-07-02
Priority Date:1978-06-30
Art Unit:236
Classifications
IPC:
H04Q 1104
Field of Search:
37066;68;58;64
Patent Drawings (14 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multiplex time division switching network and, more particularly, to a switching network of the type concerned having two time division stages, commonly called "TT" type.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The structure of an elementary multiplex time division switching network will first be reminded.
As it is well known, a multiplex time division switching network is an operator device which allows to transmit in whatever given order in the time slots of an outgoing multiplex highway information samples or words which are received in sequential order in the time slots of an incoming multiplex highway. This kind of operator device comprises a buffer store in which the words written in the time slots of the incoming multiplex highway are written in sequentially during a frame interval and a control store which controls the reading out of these words at times which correspond to the time slots of the outgoing multiplex highway which they are assigned to.
It is also well known that the multiplex time division switching networks can be input controlled or output controlled. In the multiplex time division switching networks which are output controlled, the word locations in the buffer store are assigned to the time slots of the incoming multiplex highway. In other words, the words are stored in the buffer store according to their serial order in the incoming multiplex highway. At each instant corresponding to a time slot of the outgoing multiplex highway, the control store sends to the buffer store an order to read out the word to be inserted into this outgoing multiplex highway time slot together with the address at which this word is to be read out in the buffer store. In the input controlled multiplex time division switching networks, the word locations in the buffer store are assigned to the time slots of the outgoing multiplex highway. At each instant corresponding to a time slot of the incoming multiplex highway, the control store sends to the buffer store an order to write in the word to be extracted from this incoming multiplex highway time slot together with the address at which this word is to be written in the buffer store.
Briefly, it can be said that, in the output controlled multiplex time division switching networks, writing in is cyclic while reading out is controlled by the control store and that, in the input controlled multiplex time division switching networks, reading out is cyclic while writing in is controlled by the control store.
Let us assume that time slot t.sub.1 (0.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.k-1) of the incoming multiplex highway is to be switched to time slot t.sub.j (0.ltoreq.j.ltoreq.k-1) of the outgoing multiplex highway in a multiplex time division switching network controlled by its output. The buffer store has k word locations having each b bits, i.e. as many word locations as the highways have time slots. The control store has k word locations having each log.sub.2 k bits. The buffer store has two addressing circuits, one for writing in the other for reading out. Each time slot t.sub.i is divided into two elementary time intervals t.sub.i,w and t.sub.i,r. During t.sub.i,w, the word located in time slot t.sub.i of the incoming multiplex highway is extracted from this time slot and written in the buffer store at address i. During t.sub.i,r, the word located at address i in the buffer store is read out from the buffer store and transferred into time slot t.sub.i of the outgoing multiplex highway.
Therefore, the connection t.sub.i .fwdarw.t.sub.j is implemented in two steps. At time t.sub.i,w, the word located in time slot t.sub.i of the incoming multiplex highway is written at address i in the buffer store and at time t.sub.j,r, the word located at address j in the control store is read out and sent to the buffer store. This word is the very address i at which the word to be written in time slot t.sub.j of the outgoing multiplex highway is stored in the buffer store.
The connection t.sub.i .fwdarw.t.sub.j in an input controlled multiplex time division switching network can be derived without difficulty from the previous explanations.
If there are N incoming multiplex highways and N outgoing multiplex highways each having k=32 time slots, the capacity of the buffer store and control store must be of 32.times.N words and the rate of writing in and reading out operations is
if the frame duration is 125 .mu.s. If N=32, this rate becomes equal to 16.4.times.10.sup.6 operations per second.
It is possible to "supermultiplex" the N incoming multiplex highways and to "superdemultiplex" the N outgoing multiplex highways and provide a buffer store having a capacity of 32.times.N word locations. It is also possible neither to supermultiplex nor superdemultiplex the incoming and outgoing multiplex highways and provide N partial buffer stores having each 32 word locations, each partial buffer store being connected to a single incoming multiplex highway and to a single outgoing multiplex highway. Then N words can be simultaneously written into or read from the N partial buffer stores and the writing in and reading out operation rate becomes
If N=32, this rate becomes equal to 8.4.times.10.sup.6 operations per second.
An elementary multiplex time division switching network has the advantage of being without blocking, i.e. any time slot of any incoming multiplex highway can be switched to any time slot of any outgoing multiplex highway whatever may be the state of occupation of the other time slots. However, such a switching network has a limited capacity since the greater the number N of elementary highways the higher the operating rate of the buffer and control stores. Capacity is limited by technology. At the present time, one cannot exceed N=64 using fast memories implementing 16.times.10.sup.6 operations per second, i.e. with a cycle of 62 ns.
The structure of a two time stage multiplex time division switching network will now be reminded.
Such a switching network is composed by an input stage and an output stage each comprising P elementary multiplex time division switching networks. Each elementary multiplex time division switching network is connected to an incoming supermultiplex highway formed by the supermultiplexing of N incoming elementary multiplex highways and to an outgoing supermultiplex highway which is demultiplexed into N outgoing elementary multiplex highways. The input elementary multiplex time division switching networks are connected to the output elementary multiplex time division switching networks through multiplex links having (32 N/P) time slots per frame. There are P multiplex links outgoing from each input elementary multiplex time division switching network and each of said multiplex links is connected to an output elementary multiplex time division switching network.
The elementary switching networks of the input stage are input controlled and the elementary switching networks of the output stage are output controlled. A connection between elementary channel i (0.ltoreq.i.ltoreq.31) of incoming elementary multiplex highway IH.sub.n,p (0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.N-1 and 0.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.P-1) and elementary channel j (0.ltoreq.j.ltoreq.31) of outgoing elementary multiplex highways OH.sub.m,q (0.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.N-1 and 0.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.P-1) is implemented as follows:
The information word in time slot i of incoming multiplex highway IH.sub.n,p is transferred during the supermultiplexing operation into time slot .alpha. of the incoming supermultiplex highway of serial number p and is written at address (.gamma.,q) in the buffer store of the input elementary switching network of serial number p which is input controlled. This buffer store address (.gamma.,q) is supplied by the input control store at address .alpha. of the latter. The information word is read out during time slot .gamma. of the multiplex link connecting the input elementary switching network of serial number p to the output elementary switching network of serial number q. This reading out is cyclic and performed by a time base. The output elementary switching network is output controlled. The information word in time slot .gamma. of the multiplex link is written at address (.gamma.,p) in the buffer store of this output elementary switching network under the control of the time base. The word in the buffer store is read out during time slot .beta. of the outgoing supermultiplex highway under the control of the output control store which contains (.beta.,p) at its address .beta.. Finally, the information word in time slot .beta. is transferred during the supermultiplexing operation into time slot j of outgoing multiplex highway OH.sub.m,q.
The number of unit memories (bit memories) of a "time-time" multiplex time division switching network dealing with P groups of N incoming and outgoing time slots is
per elementary multiplex highway.
Summary of the Invention
The general object of the invention is to significantly reduce the number of unit memories in a "time-time" multiplex time division switching netxork.
In the prior art "time-time" multiplex time division switching network which has just now been reminded, there is an imput buffer store, an output buffer store, an input control store and an output control store per group of N incoming and outgoing multiplex highways.
In the "time-time" multiplex time division switching network of the invention, there remain only one buffer store and one control store per group of N incoming and outgoing multiplex highways. Further the number of buffer stores is additionally and substantially reduced by making these buffer stores bidirectional and bringing them to operate two times in writing in and two times in reading out in each frame. If the calling party and the called party pertain the first to the group of serial number p and the second to the group of serial number q of elementary multiplex highways, the buffer store which performs the connection of the calling and called parties is unique and the word location in the buffer store is unique and the same for the two directions of the communication. In other words, there is a single buffer store for the direction of the communication going from the group of order p of elementary multiplex highways to the group of order q of elementary multiplex highways and for the direction of the communication going from the group of order q of elementary multiplex highways to the group of order p of elementary multiplex highways. The information word in a time slot of one of the elementary multiplex highways of the highway group of order p which is transferred to time slot .alpha. of the incoming supermultiplex highway is written in the buffer store at address .gamma. at time .alpha. and the information word in a time slot of one of the elementary multiplex highways of the highway group of order q which is transferred to time slot .beta. of the incoming supermultiplex highway is also written at address .gamma. of the buffer store at time .beta.. The information word stored at the buffer store address .gamma. and intended to the time slot of one of the elementary multiplex highways of the highway group of order q which is to be transferred to time slot .beta. of the outgoing supermultiplex highway is read from the buffer store at time .beta. and the information word stored at the buffer store address .gamma. and intended to the time slot of one of the elementary multiplex highways of the highway group of order p which is to be transferred to time slot .alpha. of the outgoing supermultiplex highway is read from the buffer store at time .alpha..
The time slots .alpha. and .beta. are split into two parts for allowing time enough for a writing in and a reading out operations.
For carrying out the operations which have just been explained, it is necessary that time slots .alpha. and .beta. are comprised in the same supermultiplex highway. Therefore and according to a general feature of the invention, the supermultiplex highways which are P in number are multiplexed two by two in order to form double supermultiplex highways which are P(P-1)/2 in number. To provide for the case where the calling and the called parties pertain to the same group of elementary multiplex highways (that is where p=q), the supermultiplex highways are equally multiplexed with themselves in order to form double supermultiplex highways which are P in number. Therefore, the number of double supermultiplex highways is
More precisely, the incoming supermultiplex highway of serial number p and the incoming supermultiplex highway of serial number q (q being equal to or different from p) are multiplexed together at the input of the single bidirectional buffer store for giving an incoming double supermultiplex highway and the outgoing double supermultiplex highway is demultiplexed at the output of the single bidirectional buffer store to form two outgoing supermultiplex highways of respective serial numbers p and q.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will now be described in detail in relation with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 represents a block diagram of a "time-time" multiplex time division switching network according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 is an explanatory block diagram showing how the switching network of the invention derives from the prior art by omitting one out of two buffer stores;
FIG. 3 is an explanatory block diagram further showing how the switching network of the invention derives from the prior art by omitting one out of two control stores;
FIG. 4 is an explanatory time diagram representing the writing in and reading out operations in the buffer store;
FIG. 5 represents a switching network unit according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram representation of the switching network unit of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 represents in diagrammatic form a switching module;
FIG. 8 represents a switching module and two control modules of the switching network of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 represents a marker circuit;
FIGS. 10A and 10B represent in block diagram form switching modules respectively adapted to two types of double supermultiplex highways;
FIG. 11 represents an alternative embodiment of the switching network unit of FIG. 6;
FIGS. 12A and 12B represent an alternative embodiment of the switching modules of FIGS. 10A and 10B;
FIGS. 13A and 13B represent another alternative embodiment of the switching modules of FIGS. 10A and 10B;
FIG. 14 represents a switching module and two control modules of a switching network unit of a type selectively allowing bidirectional, unidirectional and diffusion communications; and
FIGS. 15A-15C shows a time diagram for explaining the operation of the switching network unit of FIG. 14.
Referring first to FIG. 1 relative to the prior art, the input stage comprises the elementary multiplex time division switching networks 1.sub.O to 1.sub.p-1 and the output stage comprises the elementary multiplex time division switching networks 2.sub.O to 2.sub.p-1. Switching networks 1.sub.O to 1.sub.p-1 include respective buffer stores 10.sub.O to 10.sub.p-1 and respective control stores 11.sub.O to 11.sub.p-1. Switching networks 2.sub.O to 2.sub.p-1 include respective buffer stores 20.sub.O to 20.sub.p-1 and respective control stores 21.sub.O to 21.sub.p-1. The current incoming elementary multiplex highway is designated by IH.sub.n,p and the current outgoing elementary multiplex highway is designated by OH.sub.m,q. The incoming multiplex highways IH.sub.O,p to IH.sub.N-1,p are multiplexed, through a supermultiplexer 30.sub.p, into an incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.p which is connected to buffer store 10.sub.p. The outgoing supermultiplex highway 41.sub.q issuing from buffer store 20.sub.q is demultiplexed through a superdemultiplexer 40.sub. q into outgoing multiplex highway OH.sub.O,q to OH.sub.N-1,q. Each input switching network 1.sub.p is connected to all the output switching networks 2.sub.O to 2.sub.p-1 through multiplex links LH.sub.p,O to LH.sub.p,P-1. The current multiplex link is designated by LH.sub.p,q.
As already explained in the introductory part, a connection between time slot i in incoming elementary multiplex highway IH.sub.n,p and time slot j in outgoing elementary multiplex highway OH.sub.m,q is implemented in the following way:
The word in the incoming channel (i,n,p) (time slot i in multiplex incoming highway n of the group p connected to input elementary switching network 1.sub.p) is transferred to time slot .alpha. of incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.p via input supermultiplexer 30.sub.p and is written in input controlled buffer store 10.sub.p at an address (.gamma.,q) thereof supplied by control store 11.sub.p at address .alpha. of the latter. This word is read out thanks to a time base which scans cyclically the word locations in buffer store 10.sub.p and is transferred to time slot .gamma. of multiplex link LH.sub.p,q. It is written in buffer store 20.sub.q at address (.gamma.,p) thereof thanks to a time base which cyclically scans the word locations in buffer store 20.sub.q. It is read out from output controlled buffer store 20.sub.q at address (.gamma.,q) thereof supplied by control store 21.sub.q at address .beta. of the latter and transferred to time slot .beta. of outgoing supermultiplex highway 41.sub.q and the word in this time slot .beta. is transferred to time slot j of outgoing elementary multiplex highway OH.sub.m,q.
In short for establishing connection (i, n,p).fwdarw.(j, m, q) supermultiplexer 30.sub.p makes the automatic, uncontrolled transfer:
and superdemultiplexer 40.sub.q makes the automatic, uncontrolled transfer: .beta..fwdarw.(j, m, q)
Control store 11.sub.p makes the transfer: .alpha..fwdarw.(.gamma., p, q) where (.gamma., p, q) is time slot .gamma. in multiplex link LH.sub.p,q and control store 21.sub.q makes the transfer: (.gamma., p, q).fwdarw..beta. .gamma. being comprised between 0 and 32(N/P)-1.
Before the writing in control stores, it is necessary to find an idle time slot in the multiplex links for each direction of the communication.
Referring now to FIG. 2, instead of having input buffer stores and output buffer stores, the multiplex time division switching network unit of the "TT" type only comprises one stage of buffer stores which are controlled by the input control stores as regards writing in and by the output control stores as regards reading out. Thus, the buffer stores are simultaneously input controlled and output controlled.
FIG. 2 shows again the input supermultiplexers 30.sub.O to 30.sub.P-1 and the output superdemultiplexers 40.sub.O to 40.sub.P-1, the input control stores 11.sub.O to 11.sub.P-1 and the output control stores 21.sub.O to 21.sub.P-1. There are now P groups of P buffer stores 50.sub.O,O to 50.sub.O,P-1 all connected to supermultiplexer 30.sub.O and control store 11.sub.O, . . . 50.sub.p,O to 50.sub.p,P-1 all connected to supermultiplexer 30.sub.p and control store 11.sub.p, . . . 50.sub.P-1,O to 50.sub.P-1,P-1 all connected to supermultiplexer 30.sub.P-1 and control store 11.sub.P-1.
The buffer stores 50.sub.O,q, . . . 50.sub.p,q, . . . 50.sub.P-1,q are connected to superdemultiplexer 40.sub.q and control store 21.sub.q.
The operation is the following:
The information word in time slot i of the incoming elementary multiplex highway IH.sub.n,p is transferred by supermultiplexer 30.sub.p to time slot .alpha. of incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.p. It is written at address (.gamma.,q) in the buffer stores 50.sub.p,O to 50.sub.p,P-1, i.e. at address .gamma. in buffer store 50.sub.p,q under the control of control store 11.sub.p positioned on address .alpha.. Then it is read out at address (.gamma.,p) of buffer store 50.sub.p,q under the control of control store 11.sub.q positioned on address .beta.. Finally, superdemultiplexer 40.sub.q transfer this information word from time slot .beta. of the outgoing supermultiplexer highway 41.sub.q to time slot j of outgoing elementary multiplex highway OH.sub.m,q.
For the reverse direction of the communication, the information word in time slot j of the incoming elementary multiplex highway IH.sub.m,q is transferred by supermultiplexer 30.sub.q to time slot .beta. of the incoming supermultiplexer highway 31.sub.q. It is written at address (.delta.,p) in the buffer stores 50.sub.q,O to 50.sub.q,P-1, i.e. at address .delta. in buffer store 50.sub.q,p under the control of control store 11.sub.q positioned on address .beta.. Then it is read out at address (.delta.,q) of buffer store 50.sub.q,p under the control of control store 21.sub.p positioned on address .alpha.. Finally, superdemultiplexer 40.sub.p transfers this information word from time slot .alpha. of the outgoing supermultiplex highway 41.sub.p to time slot i of outgoing elementary multiplex highway OH.sub.n,p.
The switching network of FIG. 2 is a "TT" type two stage multiplex time division switching network which only comprises a single buffer store for the two stages per each group of incoming and outgoing multiplex highways. These single buffer stores are each controlled by two control stores; they are input controlled for writing in and output controlled for reading out.
A multiplex time division switching network unit with only a single buffer store and only a single control store per group of incoming and outgoing multiplex highways will now be described in relation with FIG. 3. It will be said that the switching network unit has a "folded" control.
In FIG. 3, the information word location .gamma. in buffer store 50.sub.p,q for one direction of a bidirectional communication and the information word location .delta. in buffer store 50.sub.q,p have the same address .gamma.=.delta.. It results that control stores 11.sub.p and 21.sub.p both contain at address .alpha. thereof the information (.gamma.,q) which designates the word location .gamma. in buffer store 50.sub.p,q (out of buffer stores 50.sub.p,O to 50.sub.p,P-1) or word location .gamma. in buffer store 50.sub.q,p (out of buffer stores 50.sub.O,p to 50.sub.P-1,p). In the same way, the control stores 11.sub.q and 21.sub.q both contain at address .beta. thereof the information (.gamma.,p) which designates the word location .gamma. in buffer store 50.sub.q,p (out of buffer stores 50.sub.q,O to 50.sub.q,P-1) or word location .gamma. in buffer store 50.sub.p,q (out of buffer stores 50.sub.O,q to 50.sub.P-1,q).
The control of the buffer stores can be summarized as follows:
Referring to FIG. 3, it shows that the output control stores 21.sub.O, . . . 21.sub.p, . . . 21.sub.q, . . . 21.sub.p-1 have been omitted and that their part are played by input control stores 111.sub.O, . . . 111.sub.p, . . . 111.sub.q, . . . 111.sub.P-1 respectively. Each word in control store 111.sub.p comprises (i) a number between O and (P-1) designating a buffer store 50.sub.p,q out of those which it has access to for writing in and a buffer store 50.sub.q,p out of those which it has access to for reading out and (ii) a number between 0 and [32N/P-1] designating a word location in the buffer store. Assuming that the information words are octets, the number of unit memories that is the number of bit stores in the buffer stores is, for P.sup.2 buffer stores each having a capacity of 32N/P octet locations:
and the number of bit stores in the control stores is, for P control stores each having a capacity of 32 N words of each log.sub.2 32(N/P) bits (words .gamma.) and 32 N words of log.sub.2 P bits: ##EQU1##
The number of bit stores for all the buffer and control stores is
which corresponds for one elementary multiplex highway to:
Let us consider the buffer stores 50.sub.p,q and 50.sub.q,p. We see in FIG. 4 that 50.sub.p,q is controlled as regards writing in during time slot .alpha. and as regards reading out during time slot .beta., whereas 50.sub.q,p is controlled as regards writing in during time slot .beta. and as regards reading out during time slot .alpha.. The result is that it is possible to "confuse" buffer stores 50.sub.p,q and 50.sub.q,p.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, there are P.sup.2 unidirectional buffer stores connected to P incoming supermultiplex highways and P outgoing supermultiplex highways. In FIG. 5, according to the invention, the buffer stores are bidirectional and their number is reduced from P.sup.2 to P(P+1)/2.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.O is connected to P buffer stores 60.sub.O,O to 60.sub.O,P-1 through P supermultiplex highway selectors and multiplexers respectively 61.sub.O,O to 61.sub.O,P-1 each having two inputs. The incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.p is connected to (P-p) buffer stores 60.sub.p,p to 60.sub.p,P-1 through (P-p) supermultiplex highway selectors and multiplexers respectively 61.sub.p,p to 61.sub.p,P-1. The incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.q is connected to (P-q) buffer stores 60.sub.q,q to 60.sub.q,P-1 through (P-q) supermultiplex highway selectors and multiplexers 61.sub.q,q to 61.sub.q,P-1. The incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.P-1 is connected to one buffer store 60.sub.P-1,P-1 through one supermultiplex highway selector and multiplexer 61.sub.P-1,P-1.
Each supermultiplex highway selector and multiplexer is connected to two distinct supermultiplex highways and multiplexes these two supermultiplex highways for giving a double supermultiplex highway. For example, multiplex highway selector and multiplexer is connected to multiplex highways 31.sub.p and 31.sub.q and forms the double supermultiplex highway 32.sub.p,q.
In FIG. 5, q is assumed to be greater than p. Therefore, buffer store 60.sub.p,q exists but buffer store 60.sub.q,p does not exist. The number of buffer store is
The P(P+1)/2 selectors and multiplexers produce double supermultiplex highways each having 64 N time slots per frame. All the supermultiplex highways are multiplexed two by two and also each one with itself. It results that during each frame the information word located in time slot .alpha. assigned to the calling subscriber and included in incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.p and the information word located in time slot .beta. assigned to the called subscriber and included in incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.q are both contained in double supermultiplex highway 32.sub.p,q. If the words from the calling and called subscribers are contained in the same incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.p it would not be theoretically necessary to provide for a double supermultiplex highway 32.sub.p,p but this double supermultiplex is nevertheless formed in order for the buffer store not to operate at two different rates, one for the double supermultiplex highways and the other for the simple supermultiplex highways.
The buffer stores are also connected to outgoing double supermultiplex highways and the latter are demultiplexed into two supermultiplex highways by outgoing supermultiplex selectors and demultiplexers.
The P buffer stores 60.sub.O,O to 60.sub.O,P-1 are connected to P outgoing double supermultiplex highways 42.sub.O,O to 42.sub.O,P-1. The (P-p) buffer stores 60.sub.p,p to 60.sub.p,P-1 are connected to (P-p) outgoing double stores highways 42.sub.p,p to 42.sub.p,P-1. The (P-q) buffer stores 60.sub.q,q to 60.sub.q,P-1 are connected to (P-q) outgoing double supermultiplex highways. Finally, the single buffer store 60.sub.P-1,P-1 is connected to single outgoing double supermultiplex highway 42.sub.P-1,P-1.
It is to be noticed that the incoming double supermultiplex highways 32, the outgoing double supermultiplex highways 42, the supermultiplex selectors and multiplexers 61, the supermultiplex selectors and demultiplexers 62 and the buffer stores 60 have reference numerals with two subscripts, the first subscript always being smaller than or equal to the second subscript.
The P control stores 111.sub.O to 111.sub.P-1 are in all points identical to the control stores of the same reference numerals in FIG. 3.
The buffer stores 60 have two addressing terminals 63 and 64 for respectively writing in and reading out. Control store 111.sub.p is connected to writing in addressing terminals 63.sub.p,p, . . . 63.sub.p,q, . . . 63.sub.p,P-1 and to reading out addressing terminals 64.sub.O,p, . . . 64hd p,p, therefore to (P+1) terminals on the whole. Control store 111.sub.q is connected to writing in addressing terminals 63.sub.q,q, . . . 63.sub.q,P-1 and to reading out addressing terminals 64.sub.O,q, . . . 64.sub.p,q, . . . 64.sub.q,q therefore to (P+1) terminals on the whole. Finally, control store 111.sub.P-1 is connected to writing in addressing terminal 63.sub.P-1,P-1 and to reading out addressing terminals 64.sub.O,P-1, . . . 64.sub.p,P-1, . . . 64.sub.q,P-1, . . . 64.sub.P-1,P-1 therefore to (P+1) terminals on the whole.
FIG. 6 represents the switching network unit of FIG. 5 in a block diagram form in which the buffer store 60.sub.x,y, the selectors and multiplexers 61.sub.x,y and the selectors and demultiplexers 62.sub.x,y have been unified as a single block or module 6.sub.x,y.
It can be seen that the modules 6.sub.x,y are disposed in an arrangement which resembles to half a square matrix with P rows and P columns retaining its diagonal terms. The diagonal modules 6.sub.x,x are connected to one incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.x and to one outgoing supermultiplex highway 41.sub.x and the non-diagonal modules 6.sub.x,y are connected to two incoming supermultiplex highways 31.sub.x and 31.sub.y and to two outgoing supermultiplex highways 41.sub.x and 41.sub.y.
Each incoming supermultiplex highway 31.sub.p is connected to p modules 6.sub.O,p to 6.sub.p-1,p situated along a matrix row, to a diagonal module 6.sub.p,p and to (P-p-1) modules 6.sub.p,p+1 to 6.sub.p,P-1 situated along a matrix column. It is therefore connected to P modules. Each outgoing supermultiplex highway 41.sub.q is connected to q modules 6.sub.O,q to 6.sub.q-1,q situated along a matrix row, to a diagonal module 6.sub.q,q and to (P-q-1) modules 6.sub.q,q+1 to 6.sub.q,P-1 situated along a matrix column.
The operation of the switching network unit of FIGS. 5 and 6 will be now explained. Buffer store 60.sub.p,q has 64 N time intervals per frame for the writing in operations and 64 N time intervals per frame for the reading out operations. The time intervals for writing in and reading out respectively are interleaved. Each time slot .alpha. in a double supermultiplex highway, 32.sub.p,q ot 42.sub.p,q, is divided into a writing in time slot interval .alpha..sub.W and a reading out time slot interval .alpha..sub.R.
During time slot .alpha., the octet in time slot .alpha. in the double supermultiplex highway 32.sub.p,q is present at the input of buffer store 60.sub.p,q and the addressing terminals 64.sub.p,q and 63.sub.p,q are successively operated. The octet in word location .gamma. of 60.sub.p,q is transferred to time slot .alpha. in double supermultiplex highway 42.sub.p,q during time interval .alpha..sub.R ; then the octet in time slot .alpha. of the double supermultiplex highway 32.sub.p,q is transferred to word location .gamma. of 60.sub.p,q during time interval .alpha..sub.W. During time slot .beta., the octet in time slot .beta. in the double supermultiplex highway 32.sub.p,q is present at the input of buffer store 60.sub.p,q and the addressing terminals 64.sub.p,q and 63.sub.p,q are successively operated. The octet in word location .gamma. of 60.sub.p,q is transferred to time slot .beta. in double supermultiplex highway 42.sub.p,q during time interval .beta..sub.R ; then the octet in time slot .beta. of the double supermultiplex highway 32.sub.p,q is transferred to word location .gamma. of 60.sub.p,q during time interval .beta..sub.W. Thus it appears that during a frame the word location .gamma. of 60.sub.p,q is used two times for two different words:
.alpha..sub.R reading out of word No. 2
.alpha..sub.W writing in of word No. 1
.beta..sub.R reading out of word No. 1
.beta..sub.W writing in of word No. 2
The number of bit stores of the switching network unit of FIG. 5 can be deduced from the number of bit stores of the switching network unit of FIG. 3 by replacing in expression (1) P.sup.2 by P(P+1)/2.
One finds
bit stores per multiplex highway which is to be compared with expression (2).
It is to be noticed that the supermultiplex highways 31.sub.p and 31.sub.q are multiplexed two by two in order to form double supermultiplex highways 32.sub.p,q not only when p.noteq.q which gives C.sub.P.sup.2 =P(P-1)/2 double supermultiplex highways but also when p=q which gives P double supermultiplex highways. Thus the number of double supermultiplex highways is:
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a block 6.sub.p,q comprising a buffer store 60.sub.p,q, a supermultiplex highway selector and multiplexer 61.sub.p,q and a supermultiplex highway selector and demultiplexer 62.sub.p,q. It is controlled by two control stores 111.sub.p and 111.sub.q through control leads 63.sub.p,q and 64.sub.p,q as already represented in FIG. 5.
In FIG. 8, the control stores 110.sub.p and 110.sub.q are represented embodied in control modules 111.sub.p and 111.sub.q. The control stores 110.sub.p, 110.sub.q are connected to decoders respectively 1111.sub.p and 1111.sub.q. The control modules send to the buffer module the address .gamma. of the word location together with a bit V.sub.p,q or V.sub.q,p the signification of which is the following one. If V.sub.p,q is equal to 1, the time slot .alpha. is supermultiplex highway (31.sub.p +41.sub.p) is to be switched into or from the buffer store. If V.sub.q,p is equal to 1, the time slot .beta. in supermultiplex highway (31.sub.q +41.sub.q) is to be switched into or from the buffer store.
FIG. 10A represents a switching module 6.sub.p,q according to the invention. It comprises supermultiplex highway selector and multiplexer 61.sub.p,q, supermultiplexer highway selector and demultiplexer 62.sub.p,q, buffer store 60.sub.p,q, incoming supermultiplex highways 31.sub.p and 31.sub.q, outgoing supermultiplex highways 41.sub.p and 41.sub.q, incoming double supermultiplex highway 42.sub.p,q already shown in FIG. 5. It also comprises two control stores 121.sub.p,q and 122.sub.p,q respectively associated to double supermultiplex highways 32.sub.p,q and 42.sub.p,q which each contain 32(N/P) words of 5+log.sub.2 (N/P) bits, two counters 123.sub.p,q and 124.sub.p,q which address control stores 121.sub.p,q and 122.sub.p,q and two marker circuits 125.sub.p,q and 126.sub.p,q respectively associated to control stores 121.sub.p,q and 122.sub.p,q.
FIG. 10B represents a switching module 6.sub.p,p similar to that of FIG. 10A but intended for the case where P=q. The switching module is then controlled by a single control module 111.sub.p,p. Switching module 6.sub.p,p only comprises a single control store 121.sub.p,p, a single counter 123.sub.p,p and a single marker circuit 125.sub.p,p.
The operation of control stores 121.sub.p,q and 122.sub.p,q will now be explained. The function of these control stores is to address the buffer store with an address comprised between 0 and [32(N/P-1]. Each word of control store 121.sub.p,q is associated to a time slot in the supermultiplex highway (31.sub.p +41.sub.p). Each word of control store 122.sub.p,q is associated to a time slot in the supermultiplex highway (31.sub.q +41.sub.q). The number of word locations in the buffer store is (32 N/P) while the number of time slots in the multiplex highways is 32 N. Therefore, it is not possible to rigidly assign a word location in the buffer store to a time slot in a multiplex highway. The assignment of a word location to a time slot must be a controlled assignment. The word location assignment is a stack assignment.
In order to fiw one's ideas, let us assume N=32. The double supermultiplex highways then have 2048 time slots. Further, let us assume that the following connections are already established:
time slot .alpha..sub.1 =100 to time slot .beta..sub.1 =40 through buffer store word location .gamma..sub.1 =10;
time slot .alpha..sub.2 =200 to time slot .beta..sub.2 =20 through buffer store word location .alpha..sub.2 =0;
time slot .alpha..sub.3 =1000 to time slot .beta..sub.3 =10 through buffer store word location .gamma..sub.3 =120;
The contents of control store 121.sub.p,q is then the following:
word location 0 contains .gamma..sub.1 =10 (relative to communication .alpha..sub.1 =100 to .beta..sub.1 =40);
word location 1 contains .gamma.=0 (relative to communication .alpha..sub.2 =200 to .beta..sub.2 =20);
word location 2 contains .gamma..sub.3 =120 (relative to communication .alpha..sub.3 =1000 to .beta..sub.3 =10).
The contents of control store 122.sub.p,q is the following
word location 0 contains .gamma..sub.3 =120 (relative to communication .alpha..sub.3 =1000 to .beta..sub.3 =10);
word location 1 contains .gamma..sub.2 =0 (relative to communication .alpha..sub.2 =200 to .beta..sub.2 =20);
word location 2 contains .gamma..sub.1 =10 (relative to communication .alpha..sub.1 =100 to .beta..sub.1 =40).
The reading out addressing of control store 121.sub.p,q (or 122.sub.p,q) is controlled by binary counter 123.sub.p,q (or 124.sub.p,q) which advances by one step each time V.sub.p,q (V.sub.q,p) takes the value 1 and which is reset at the beginning of each frame.
The arrangement thus disclosed presents some complexity when an additional connection is to be established. Let us assume that one wishes to establish the new connection
.alpha..sub.4 =150 to .beta..sub.4 =8 through word location .gamma..sub.4 =5
Then one must write in 121.sub.p,q the following information:
word location 0 must contain .gamma..sub.1 =10 for .gamma..sub.1 =100.rarw..fwdarw..gamma..sub.1 =40
word location 1 must contain .gamma..sub.4 =5 for .gamma..sub.4 =150.rarw..fwdarw..beta..sub.4 =8
word location 2 must contain .gamma..sub.2 =0 for .gamma..sub.2 =200.rarw..fwdarw..beta..sub.2 =20
word location 3 must contain .gamma..sub.3 =120 for .gamma..sub.3 =1000.rarw..fwdarw..beta..sub.3 =10
and the following information is to be written in 122.sub.p,q :
word location 0 must contain .gamma..sub.4 =5 for .gamma..sub.4 =150.rarw..fwdarw..beta..sub.4 =8
word location 1 must contain .gamma..sub.3 =120 for .gamma..sub.3 =1000.rarw..fwdarw..beta..sub.3 =10
word location 2 must contain .gamma..sub.2 =0 for .gamma..sub.2 =200.rarw..fwdarw..beta..sub.2 =20
word location 3 must contain .gamma..sub.1 =10 for .gamma..sub.1 =100.rarw..fwdarw..beta..sub.1 =40
The words in the control store 121.sub.p,q are written in the increasing order of the .alpha.'s. The words in the control store 122.sub.p,q are written in the incoming order of the .beta.'s.
It appears in the given example that the establishment of a new communication generally imposes to shift an information which is the address of a word location in the buffer store from a word location to another word location of the control store. Thus the storing arrangement is before the establishment of the new communication
after the establishment of the new communication
The marker circuit 125.sub.p,q is shown in FIG. 9. The marker circuit 126.sub.p,q is identical to it. Marker circuit 125.sub.p,q comprises two registers 1252.sub.p,q and 1253.sub.p,q, an adder 1250.sub.p,q and a combination logic 1251.sub.p,q. Adder 1250.sub.p,q allows to decrement the value of counter 123.sub.p,q by two units and the output of adder 1250 p,q controls writing into control store 121.sub.p,q.
Let us look back to the example given above in which the address sequence 10, 0, 120 must be replaced by the address sequence 10, 5, 0, 120.
The value .gamma.=5 is written in register 1253.sub.p,q. During time slots 0 to 199, the operation of control store 121.sub.p,q is in accordance with the operation disclosed above. During time slot 200, the contents of 121.sub.p,q (which is .gamma.=0) is transferred into 1252.sub.p,q and addresses the buffer store 60.sub.p,q. Then the contents of 1253.sub.p,q (which is .gamma.=5) is written into 121.sub.p,q at address 1 given by 123.sub.p,q in lieu of .gamma.=0 which has been transferred to 1252.sub.p,q. During the other time slots, control store 121.sub.p,q supplies the information for addressing 60.sub.p,q. Thus, the sequence 10, 5, 0, 120 at addresses 0, 1, 2, 3 of control store 121.sub.p,q has been substituted for the sequence 10, 0, 120 at addresses 0, 1, 2. It must be well understood that this proceeding is necessary because the control store 121.sub.p,q has 32 N/P addresses while the buffer store has 32 N addresses.
Another embodiment of the switching network unit according to the invention is represented in FIG. 11. In this embodiment, the control modules 111.sub.p and 111.sub.q associated with the switching module 6.sub.p,q and producing the switching fields V.sub.p,q, V.sub.q,p are omitted.
The switching modules 8 are represented in FIGS. 12A and 12B.
Switching modules 8.sub.p,q comprises all the circuitry already disclosed with respect to switching module 6.sub.p,q but has further two additional control stores 127.sub.p,q and 128.sub.p,q of each 32 N words of 1 bit which locally generate the informations V.sub.p,q and V.sub.q,p. The operation of control module 8.sub.p,q is exactly the same of control module 6.sub.p,q.
The control module 8.sub.p,p of FIG. 12B comprises all the circuitry of control module 6.sub.p,p plus a control store 127.sub.p,p with 32 N words of 1 bit generating the information V.sub.p,p.
In FIG. 13A, the control module 8.sub.p,q comprises buffer store 60.sub.p,q, supermultiplex highway selector and multiplexer 61.sub.p,q and supermultiplex highway selector and demultiplexer 62.sub.p,q as already represented in FIG. 12A and further two associative control stores 131.sub.p,q and 132.sub.p,q each having (32 N/P) word locations. As it is well known, an associative store is addressed by its contents. More previsely, control store 131.sub.p,q is addressed by the numbers of the time slots which are written therein. Of course, as control store 131.sub.p,q has (32 N/P) word locations and buffer store 60.sub.p,q has 32 N word locations, only the time slots which are seized are written in control store 131.sub.p,q.
Control module 8.sub.p,p is similar to control module 8.sub.p,q but it only has a single associative control store 131.sub.p,p.
Referring now to FIG. 14, one finds again buffer store 60.sub.p,q, incoming double supermultiplex highway 32.sub.p,q, outgoing double supermultiplex highway 42.sub.p,q and the control stores 111.sub.p and 111.sub.q. A strobe and control device 211 is associated to each control store.
Each control word comprises three additional bits. The bit (OC) is a connection order, the bit (AE) is a writing in authorization and the bit (PA) is a parity bit. Each control word is checked by the strobe and control device. This device only transmits the address .gamma. to buffer memory 60.sub.p,q if the parity is exact and if the (OC) bit is equal to 1.
The strobe and control circuit 211 comprises a parity checking circuit 213 and an AND-gate 212. The strobe and control circuit 211 generates an address validation bit (VA) when the connection order bit (OC) and the parity bit (PA) are coincident.
For establishment of a bidirectional connection .alpha..rarw..fwdarw..beta. (FIG. 15A) i.e. the bidirectional connection between time slot i of incoming multiplex highway IH.sub.n,p and time slot j of outgoing multiplex highway OH.sub.m,q and between time slot j of IH.sub.m,q and time slot i of OH.sub.n,p, the address (.gamma.,q) (address in the buffer store) is written at address .alpha. of control store 111.sub.p and the address (.gamma.,p) (address in the buffer store) is written at address .beta. of control store 111.sub.q. The order connection bit (OC) and the writing in authorization bit (AE) are given the value 1 in both control stores 111.sub.p and 111.sub.q.
For establishing an unidirectional connection .alpha..rarw..fwdarw..beta. (FIG. 15B)
(.gamma.,q) is written at address .alpha. of 111.sub.p and
(.gamma.,p) is written at address .beta. of 111.sub.q, order connection bit (OC) and writing in authorization bit (AE) are both given the value 1 in control store 111.sub.p and the respective values 1 and 0 in control store 111.sub.q.
For establishing a diffusion connection
where .beta., .beta.', .beta." are several time slots in the double supermultiplex highway 42.sub.p,q, the address (.gamma.,q) (in the buffer store) is written at address .alpha. of control store 111.sub.p and the address (.gamma.,p) (in the buffer store) is written at addresses .beta., .beta.', .beta." of the control store. Bits (OC) and (AE) are given the value 1 at address .alpha. of 111.sub.p and bit (OC) is given the value 1 and bit (AE) the value 0 at addresses .beta., .beta.', .beta." of 111.sub.q.
Claims
We claim:
1. Time division multiplex switching network unit for switching a time slot i assigned to a calling subscriber to a time slot j assigned to a called subscriber, said network unit comprising: in an input stage, a plurality of P groups of N incoming multiplex highways and supermultiplexers multiplexing each of said multiplex highway groups into an incoming supermultiplex highway, said calling subscriber time slot i and called subscriber time slot j being included in said incoming multiplex highways and being respectively transferred by said supermultiplexers into time slots .alpha. and .beta. in said incoming supermultiplex highways; in an output stage, a plurality of P outgoing supermultiplex highways and superdemultiplexers demultiplexing each of said outgoing supermultiplex highways into a plurality of N outgoing multiplex highways, the time slots .alpha. and .beta. being included in said outgoing supermultiplex highways and being respectively transferred by said superdemultiplexers into said calling subscriber time slot i and said called subscriber time slot j in said outgoing multiplex highways; additional multiplexers selectively multiplexing two by two the P incoming supermultiplex highways and thereby providing a number of P(P+1)/2 incoming double supermultiplex highways, whereby one and the same among said incoming double supermultiplex highways contains both time slots .alpha. and .beta.; additional demultiplexers selectively demultiplexing two by two the P(P+1)/2 outgoing double supermultiplex highways, one and the same among said double supermultiplexing highways containing both the time slots .alpha. and .beta. and thereby providing a number of P outgoing supermultiplex highways; P(P+1)/2 bidirectional buffer stores connected to said incoming and outgoing double supermultiplex highways; P control stores associated with and respectively controlling P, (P-1), (P-2), . . . 2, 1 bidirectional buffer stores, said control stores including means for transferring the word contained in the word location of given address .gamma. in a buffer store associated with said control store into time slot .alpha. in an outgoing double supermultiplex highway; means for transferring the word contained in time slot .alpha. in an incoming double supermultiplex highway into the word location of address .gamma. in said buffer store; means for transferring the word contained in the word location of address .gamma. in said buffer store into time slot .beta. in said outgoing double supermultiplex highway; and means for transferring the word contained in time slot .beta. in said incoming double supermultiplex highway into the word location of address .alpha. in said buffer store.
2. Multiplex time division switching network unit as set forth in claim 1 in which the number of word locations in the buffer stores is half the number of time slots in the double supermultiplex highways.
3. Multiplex time division switching network unit as set forth in claim 1 in which the P(P+1)/2 bidirectional buffer stores have each a capacity of aN/P word locations and the control stores having each a capacity of aN word locations and have each access to P bidirectional buffer stores, where a is the number of time slots in a multiplex highway.
4. Time division multiplex switching network unit as set forth in claim 1 in which each bidirectional buffer store is controlled by a writing in and a reading out control stores, said writing in control store being associated with and having access to at most P buffer stores and said reading out control store being associated with and having access to at most P buffer stores, one of said buffer stores being a common buffer store accessible to both said writing in and reading out control stores, and which comprises means controlled by both said writing in and reading out control stores for assigning one and the same word location of address .gamma. in the common buffer store to the words in time slots .alpha. and .beta. of the incoming double supermultiplex highway connected to said bidirectional common buffer store.