N-[(2,6-Dimethoxypyrimidin-4-Yl)]aminocarbonyl Benzene Sulfonamides and Their Herbicidal Compositions and Methods of Use

This invention relates to N-(heterocyclicaminocarbonyl)sulfonamide agricultural chemical compounds, formulations containing the same and methods of using such compounds.

Wojciechowski, J. Acta. Polon. Pharm. 19, p. 121-5 (1962) [Chem. Ab., 59 1633 e] describes the synthesis of N-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide: ##STR1## Based upon similarity to a known compound, the author predicted hypoglycemic activity for the foregoing compound.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,637,366 discloses compounds having the formula: ##STR2## wherein

R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower saturated aliphatic acyl and

R.sub.2 is hydrogen, 2-pyrimidinyl, pyridyl, amidino, acetyl or carbamoyl.

The disclosed compounds are said to provide control of crabgrass, cress, endive, clover and Poa annua.

French Pat. No. 1,468,747 discloses the following para-substituted phenylsulfonamides, useful as antidiabetic agents: ##STR3## wherein R=H, halogen, CF.sub.3 or alkyl.

Logemann et al., Chem. Ab. 53, 18052 g (1959), disclose a number of sulfonamides, including uracil derivatives and those having the formula: ##STR4## wherein R is butyl, phenyl or ##STR5## and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl. When tested for hypoglycemic effect in rats (oral doses of 25 mg/100 g), the compounds in which R is butyl and phenyl were most potent. The others were of low potency or inactive.

The presence of undesired vegetation causes substantial damage to useful crops, especially agricultural products that satisfy man's basic food and fiber needs, such as cotton, rice, corn, wheat and the like. The current population explosion and concomitant world food and fiber shortage demand improvements in the efficiency of producing these crops. Preventing or minimizing loss of a portion of such valuable crops by killing or inhibiting the growth of, undesired vegetation is one way of improving this efficiency.

A wide variety of materials useful for killing or inhibiting (controlling) the growth of undesired vegetation is available; such materials are commonly referred to as herbicides. However, the need still exists for effective herbicides that destroy or control weeds while not significantly damaging useful crops. Some weeds (nutsedge is a particular example) are very difficult to control; many of the herbicides that are used to control nutsedge are so nonselective that they cause damage to the crops themselves.

According to this invention, there are provided novel compounds of Formula I and their agriculturally suitable salts, suitable agricultural compositions containing them and methods of using them as general herbicides having both preemergence and postemergence activity ##STR6## wherein

R.sub.1 is ##STR7##

R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen, nitro, trifluoromethyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl or methoxy;

W and Z are independently oxygen and sulfur; and

X and Y are independently hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy, or ethoxy;

and their agriculturally suitable salts; provided that at least one of X or Y must be other than hydrogen.

Preferred for their higher activity or favorable cost or both are those compounds of Formula I wherein

(a) R.sub.1 is ##STR8## and, independently,

(b) R.sub.2 is chlorine, trifluoromethyl, nitro or methyl; or

(c) R.sub.3 is hydrogen; or

(d) X and Y are both methoxy.

More preferred for their higher activity or more favorable cost or both, among the preferred compounds, are those compounds of Formula I wherein R.sub.2 is chlorine, nitro or methyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen; and X and Y are both methoxy.

Most preferred for their excellent activity or more favorable cost or both, among the preferred compounds, are those compounds of Formula I wherein R.sub.2 is chlorine, nitro or methyl; R.sub.3 is hydrogen; X and Y are both methoxy; and W is oxygen.

Specifically preferred for their outstanding activity or highly favorable cost or both are:

(1) N-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide;

(2) N-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide;

(3) N-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide;

(4) N-[(2-methoxy-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-nitrobenzenesulfonam ide;

(5) N-[(2,6-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-nitrobenzenesulfonamide.

Synthesis

As shown in equation 1, the compounds of Formula I can be prepared by reacting an appropriate 4-amino pyrimidine of Formula III with an appropriately substituted sulfonyl isocyanate or isothiocyanate of Formula II; R.sub.1, W, X and Y being as previously defined.

Equation 1. ##STR9## The reaction is best carried out in inert aprotic organic solvents such as methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran or acetonitrile, at ambient pressure and temperature. The mode of addition is not critical; however, it is often convenient to add the sulfonyl isocyanate or isothiocyanate to a stirred solution of the aminopyrimidine. Since such isocyanates or isothiocyanates usually are liquids, their addition can be easily controlled.

The reaction is generally exothermic. In some cases, the desired product is insoluble in the warm reaction medium and crystallizes from it in pure form. Products soluble in the reaction medium are isolated by evaporation of the solvent, trituration of the solid residue with solvents such as 1-chlorobutane or ethyl ether, and filtration.

The intermediate sulfonyl isocyanates of Formula II (wherein W is O) can be prepared by reacting corresponding sulfonamides with phosgene in the presence of n-butyl isocyanate at reflux in a solvent such as chlorobenzene, according to the procedure of H. Ulrich and A. A. Y. Sayigh, Newer Methods of Preparative Organic Chemistry, Vol. VI, p. 223-241, Academic Press, New York and London, W. Foerst, Ed.

The preparation of sulfonamides from ammonium hydroxide and sulfonyl chlorides is widely reported in the literature, e.g. Crossley et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 2223 (1938). The preparation of 2-furansulfonamide is described in J. Org. Chem. 18 894 (1953).

Certain sulfonyl chlorides are best prepared by chlorosulfonation of a substituted benzene, naphthalene, or thiophene in carbon tetrachloride according to the teaching of H. T. Clarke et al., Org. Synth. Coll. Vol. 1, 2nd Ed. 1941, p. 85. Other benzenesulfonyl chlorides are best made by diazotization of the appropriate aniline with sodium nitrite in HCl, followed by reaction of the diazonium salt with sulfur dioxide and cuprous chloride in acetic acid according to the teaching of H. L. Yale and F. Sowinski, J. Org. Chem. 25 1824 (1960).

Furansulfonylchlorides are best prepared as shown in Equation 2.

Equation 2. ##STR10##

Sulfonyl isothiocyanates can be prepared by treatment of sulfonamides with carbon disulfide and potassium hydroxude followed by reaction of the dipotassium salt with phosgene according to the teaching of K. Hartke, Arch. Pharm., 299, 174 (1966).

The synthesis of heterocyclic amine derivatives has been reviewed in "The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds", a series published by Interscience Publ., New York and London. 4-Aminopyrimidines are described by D. J. Brown in "The Pyrimidines", Vol. XVI of the above series.

Agriculturally suitable salts of compounds of Formula I are also useful herbicides and can be prepared by a number of ways known to the art. For example, metal salts can be made by treating compounds of Formula I with a solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal salt having a sufficiently basic anion (e.g. hydroxide, alkoxide, carbonate or hydride). Quaternary amine salts can be made by similar techniques.

Salts of compounds of Formula I can also be prepared by exchange of one cation to another. Cationic exchange can be effected by direct treatment of an aqueous solution of a salt of a compound of Formula I (e.g. alkali metal or quaternary amine salt) with a solution containing the cation to be exchanged. This method is most effective when the desired salt containing the exchanged cation is insoluble in water and can be separated by filtration.

Exchange may also be effected by passing an aqueous solution of a salt of a compound of Formula I (e.g. an alkali metal or quaternary amine salt) through a column packed with a cation exchange resin containing the cation to be exchanged. In this method, the cation of the resin is exchanged for that of the original salt and the desired product is eluted from the column. This method is particularly useful when the desired salt is water soluble.

Acid addition salts, useful in this invention, can be obtained by reacting a compound of Formula I with a suitable acid, e.g. p-toluenesulfonic acid, trichloroacetic acid or the like.

The compounds of this invention and their preparation are further illustrated by the following examples wherein temperatures are given in degrees centigrade.

To a stirred mixture of 2.40 g of 4-amino-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine in 40 ml methylene chloride at ambient temperature and pressure was slowly added 3.0 g of 2-methylbenzenesulfonylisocyanate. The reaction was stirred 40 minutes, filtered, and the solid thereby obtained was washed with a small amount of acetonitrile; yield 4.0 g, m.p. 174.degree.-175.degree., NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) relative to tetramethylsilane: .delta. 2.77, S, area 30; .delta. 4.05, S, area 60; .delta. 6.85, S, area 89; .delta. 7.7-8.6, multiplets, area 45; .delta. 10.00, S, area 9.

To a mixture of 1.10 g of 4-amino-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin in 40 ml methylene chloride at ambient temperature and pressure was added 1.60 g of 2-chlorobenzenesulfonylisocyanate. The reaction was stirred 30 minutes and then refluxed an additional 15 minutes. Volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the solid thereby obtained was washed with a little diethyl ether; yield 2.30 g, m.p. 193.degree.-196.degree..

A. Lithium-2-furansulfinate

To a solution of 39.6 g of furan (585 mm) in 200 ml anhydrous ethyl ether was added carefully, under nitrogen atmosphere, 400 ml of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane while maintaining the reaction temperature at 30.degree. or lower. The mixture was stirred until precipitation appeared complete. After cooling to -25.degree. to -30.degree., excess gaseous sulfur dioxide was slowly passed through the mixture during a 2-hour period. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for an additional 90 minutes and the precipitated lithium-2-furansulfinate was filtered and washed with acetone. m.p. 250.degree.. IR (Nujol) 3400-3000 cm.sup.-1 (W), 1700 cm.sup.-1, 1500 cm.sup.-1 (VW), 1210 cm.sup.-1, 1140 cm.sup.-1, 1115 cm.sup.-1 (m), 1020 cm.sup.-1 (VS), 910 cm.sup.-1, 880 cm.sup.-1, 825 cm.sup.-1 (W), 735 cm.sup. -1 (S).

B. 2-Furansulfonyl chloride

Ninety ml of water, 410 ml of conc. HCl, and 68.0 g of lithium 2-furansulfinate were stirred and cooled to 10.degree.-15.degree.. Liquid chlorine (12.3 ml, 39.4 g) was added dropwise over a 30-minute period. The mixture was stirred an additional 30 minutes at 5.degree., poured onto ice and extracted with methylene chloride. Evaporation of the methylene chloride yielded 44 g of 2-furansulfonyl chloride, b.p. 95.degree. at 7 mm Hg; IR (neat) 3400 (m), 3120, 1800, 1550 (m), 1450 (S), 1380 (VS), 1210, 1160, 1120 (VS), 1035 (m), 1010 (VS), 913, 882 (S).

C. 2-Furansulfonamide

Twenty-three g of 2-furansulfonyl chloride (138 mm) was added dropwise into 200 ml of conc. NH.sub.4 OH at 0.degree.-5.degree.. After stirring overnight at room temperature, the water was removed under vacuum and the precipitate washed with ice water and dried. Yield: 14 g of 2-furansulfonamide, m.p. 120.degree.-122.degree. (literature m.p. 120.degree.-122.degree.: JOC 18, 894 (1953)). IR (Nujol) 3250 cm.sup.-1, 3100 cm.sup.-1, 1600 cm.sup.-1 (W), 1550 cm.sup.-1, 1310 cm.sup.-1, 1190 cm.sup.-1, 1140 cm.sup.-1, 1120 cm.sup.-1, 1055 cm.sup.-1, 1005 cm.sup.-1, 930 cm.sup.-1, 880 cm.sup.-1, 843 cm.sup.-1 (S).

D. 2-Furansulfonyl isocyanate

Dry toluene (150 ml), 25 ml of oxalyl chloride (295), and a trace of DABCO (diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane) were heated to 90.degree.. Ten g of 2-furansulfonamide was added over a 15 minute period and the mixture was held at 95.degree. for 2 hours. After filtering, the solvent was removed under vacuum to yield 2.1 g of an oil showing the characteristic isocyanate absorption in the infrared (2280 cm.sup.-1).

By using an equivalent amount of an appropriate 4-aminopyridmine and an appropriately substituted sulfonyl isocyanate or sulfonylisothiocyanate, the following compounds of Formula I can be prepared by the procedures of Examples 1 or 2.

A mixture prepared from 500 ml of water, 4 g of sodium hydroxide and 35.3 g of N-[(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl)aminocarbonyl]-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide, prepared in Example 1 is stirred until the sulfonamide is dissolved. The solution which contains the desired sodium salt may be used for the purpose of this invention. If desired, the water is removed by evaporation in-vacuo and the isolated salt is washed with ethyl ether and dried.

By using equivalent amounts of the appropriate compound of Formula I and the appropriate base, the following salts of Formula I can be prepared.

Formulations

Useful formulations of the compounds of Formula I can be prepared in conventional ways. They include dusts, granules, pellets, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates and the like. Many of these may be applied directly. Sprayable formulations can be extended in suitable media and used at spray volumes of from a few liters to several hundred liters per hectare. High strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation. Generally, the formulations contain about 0.1% to 99% by weight of active ingredient(s) and at least one of (a) about 0.1% to 20% surfactant(s) and (b) about 1% to 99.9% solid or liquid diluent(s). More specifically, they will contain these ingredients in the following approximate proportions:

Lower or higher levels of active ingredient can, of course, be present depending on the intended use and the physical properties of the compound. Higher ratios of surfactant to active ingredient are sometimes desirable, and are achieved by incorporation into the formulation or by tank mixing.

Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins et al., "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, New Jersey. The more absorptive diluents are preferred for wettable powders and the denser ones for dusts. Typical liquid diluents and solvents are described in Marsden, "Solvents Guide", 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York (1950). Solubility under 0.1% is preferred for suspension concentrates; solution concentrates are preferably stable against phase separation at 0.degree. C. "McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood, New Jersey, as well as Sisely and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., New York (1964), list surfactants and recommended uses. All formulations can contain minor amounts of additives to reduce foam, caking, corrosion, microbiological growth, etc.

The methods of making such compositions are well known. Solutions are prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. Fine solid compositions are made by blending and, usually, grinding as in a hammer or fluid energy mill. Suspensions are prepared by wet milling (see, for example, Littler, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084). Granules and pellets may be made by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See J. E. Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp. 147ff. and "Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook", 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1963), pp. 8-59 ff.

For further information regarding the art of formulation, see for example:

H. M. Loux, U.S. Pat. No. 3,235,361, Feb. 15, 1966, Col. 6, line 16 through Col. 7, line 19 and Examples 10 through 41.

R. W. Luckenbaugh, U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,192, Mar. 14, 1967, Col. 5, line 43 through Col. 7, line 62 and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138-140, 162-164, 166, 167, 169-182.

H. Gysin and E. Knusli, U.S. Pat. No. 2,891,855, June 23, 1959, Col. 3, line 66 through Col. 5, line 17 and Examples 1-4.

G. C. Klingman, "Weed Control as a Science", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1961), pp. 81-96.

J. D. Fryer and S. A. Evans, "Weed Control Handbook", 5th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, (1968), pp. 101-103.

The compounds of Formula I can be formulated using the procedures of Examples 4-18. In the following examples, all parts are by weight unless otherwise indicated.

The ingredients are blended, hammer-milled until all the solids are essentially under 50 microns and then reblended.

The ingredients are blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles of active essentially all below 10 microns in diameter. The product is reblended before packaging.

A slurry of wettable powder containing .perspectiveto.25% solids is sprayed on the surface of attapulgite granules in a double-cone blender. The granules are dried and packaged.

The ingredients are blended, hammer-milled and then moistened with about 12% water. The mixture is extruded as cylinders about 3 mm diameter which are cut to produce pellets about 3 mm long. These may be used directly after drying, or the dried pellets may be crushed to pass on a U.S.S. No. 20 sieve (0.84 mm openings). The granules held on a U.S.S. No. 40 sieve (0.42 mm openings) may be packaged for use and the fines recycled.

The ingredients are ground together in a sand mill until the solid particles have been reduced to under about 5 microns. The resulting thick suspension may be applied directly, but preferably after being extended with oils or emulsified in water.

The ingredients are thoroughly blended. After grinding in a hammer mill to produce particles essentially all below 100 microns, the material is reblended and sifted through a U.S.S. No. 50 sieve (0.3 mm openings) and packaged.

The active ingredient is dissolved in the solvent and the solution is sprayed upon dedusted granules in a double cone blender. After spraying of the solution has been completed, the blender is allowed to run for a short period and then the granules are packaged.

The ingredients are blended and ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all under 5 microns in size.

The compound is added directly to the water with stirring to produce solution, which may then be packaged for use.

The active ingredient is dissolved in a solvent and the solution is sprayed upon dedusted granules in a double cone blender. After spraying of the solution has been completed, the material is warmed to evaporate the solvent. The material is allowed to cool and then packaged.

The ingredients are blended and milled to pass through a 100 mesh screen. This material is then added to a fluid bed granulator, the air flow is adjusted to gently fluidize the material, and a fine spray of water is sprayed onto the fluidized material. The fluidization and spraying are continued until granules of the desired size range are made. The spraying is stopped, but fluidization is continued, optionally with heat, until the water content is reduced to the desired level, generally less than 1%. The material is then discharged, screened to the desired size range, generally 14-100 mesh (1410-149 microns), and then packaged for use.

The ingredients are blended and ground in a hammer mill to produce a material essentially all passing a U.S.S. No. 50 screen (0.3 mm opening). The concentrate may be formulated further if necessary.

The ingredients are blended and ground in a hammer mill to produce particles essentially all below 100 microns. The material is sifted through a U.S.S. No. 50 screen and then packaged.

The ingredients are thoroughly blended, coarsely hammer-milled and then air-milled to produce particles essentially all below 10 microns in size. The material is then reblended and packaged.

The ingredients are combined and ground together in a sand mill to produce particles essentially all of which are smaller than 5 microns. The product can be used directly, extended with oils, or emulsified in water.

UTILITY

The compounds of Formula I are useful as herbicides. They may be applied either pre- or postemergence for the control of undesired vegetation in noncrop areas. By properly selecting rate and time of application, compounds of this invention may be used to modify plant growth beneficially.

The precise amount of the compound of Formula I to be used in any given situation will vary according to the particular end result desired, the use involved, the weeds to be controlled, the soil type, the formulation and mode of application, weather conditions, etc. Since so many variables play a role, it is not possible to state a rate of application suitable for all situations. Broadly speaking, the compounds of this invention are used at levels of about 0.05 to 20 kg/ha with a preferred range of 0.2 to 10 kg/ha. The lower rates of the range will generally be selected for lighter soils, or situations in which maximum persistence is not necessary.

The compounds of Formula I may be combined with other herbicides and are particularly useful in combination with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, the triazines such as 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine, the uracils such as 5-bromo-3-secbutyl-6-methyluracil, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, 3-cyclohexyl-1-methyl-6-dimethylamino-s-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)dione, N,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (and closely related compounds), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ion, and monosodium methanearsonate.

The activity of these compounds was discovered in greenhouse tests. The tests are described below and the data resulting from them are shown below.

Seeds of crabgrass (Digitaria sp.), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), wild oats (Avena fatua), Cassia tora, morningglory (Ipomoea sp.), cocklebur (Xanthium sp.), sorghum, corn, soybean, rice, wheat and nutsedge tubers were planted in a growth medium and treated preemergence with the chemicals dissolved in a nonphytotoxic solvent. At the same time, cotton having five leaves (including cotyledonary ones), bush beans with the third trifoliolate leaf expanding, crabgrass with two leaves, barnyardgrass with two leaves, wild oats with one leaf, cassia with three leaves (including cotyledonary ones), morningglory with four leaves (including the cotyledonary ones), cocklebur with four leaves (including the cotyledonary ones), sorghum with three leaves, corn with three leaves, soybean with two cotyledonary leaves, rice with two leaves, wheat with one leaf, and nutsedge with three-five leaves were sprayed. Treated plants and controls were maintained in a greenhouse for 16 days, then all species were compared to controls and visually rated for response to treatment.

Ratings for compounds tested by this procedure are recorded in Table 8. The rating system used was based on a scale extending from 0, no effect, to 10, maximum effect. The accompanying letter symbols have the following meanings:

B=burn

C=chlorisis or necrosis

D=defoliation

E=emergence inhibition

G=growth retardation

H=formative effect

L=lodging

P=terminal bud kill

S=albinism

U=unusual pigmentation

6Y=abscised buds or flowers ##STR21## ##STR22## ##STR23## kg/ha 2 2 2 POST EMERGENCE BUSH BEAN 9C 9C 1B COTTON 5C 5D 9G 9C 1B MORNING GLORY 6C 9G 6C 9G 2B COCKLEBUR 2C 9G 9C 0 CASSIA 5C 9G 9C 0 NUTSEDGE 2C 9G 9C 0 CRABGRASS 4G 3G 3H BARNYARD GRASS 3C 9H 5C 8G 1B WILD OATS 2C 8G 3G 0 WHEAT 6G 1C 6G 0 CORN 3C 9G 5U 9G 2H SOYBEAN 2C 9G 3C 4G 1B RICE 2C 9G 10P 8G 0 SORGHUM 7G 5L 3U 8G 0 PRE EMERGENCE MORNING GLORY 10E 9H 0 COCKLEBUR 9G 8H 0 CASSIA 9C 10E 0 NUTSEDGE 10E 10E 0 CRABGRASS 0 8G 0 BARNYARD GRASS 2H 8G 9G 0 WILD OATS 7G 8G 0 WHEAT 7G 8G 0 CORN 9G 10E 0 SOYBEAN 9G 9H 0 RICE 10E 10E 0 SORGHUM 7G 9H 0 ##STR24## ##STR25## ##STR26## kg/ha 2 2 2 POST EMERGENCE BUSH BEAN 1C 8G 6Y 3H 6Y 3C 9G 6Y COTTON 4C 7G 2C 2H 4C 9G MORNING GLORY 6G 3C 10C COCKLEBUR 5G 3C 5C 9G CASSIA 2G 1C 1C 8G NUTSEDGE 1C 7G 0 9G CRABGRASS 2H 5H 2G BARNYARD GRASS 1H 3H 1C 5G WILD OATS 0 0 1C WHEAT 2G 0 2G CORN 1C 6G 0 9H SOYBEAN 1C 3G 4G 3H 9G RICE 7G 0 5C 9G SORGHUM 1H 7G 0 5G 5L PRE EMERGENCE MORNING GLORY 9G 0 9G COCKLEBUR 1H 9G 0 9G CASSIA 6G 10E 9G NUTSEDGE 8G 0 10E CRABGRASS 2C 5H 1C BARNYARD GRASS 1C 1H 3S 8G WILD OATS 5G 0 7G WHEAT 3G 5G 3G CORN 2H 7G 2G 2H 9G SOYBEAN 8G 1H 9G RICE 10E 0 10E SORGHUM 2C 0 4G ##STR27## ##STR28## ##STR29## kg/ha 2 2 2 POST EMERGENCE BUSH BEAN 2C 8G 6Y 0 0 COTTON 4C 8G 2H 1B MORNING GLORY 9C 2G 0 COCKLEBUR 3C 0 0 CASSIA 8G 4C 0 0 NUTSEDGE 1C 5G 5G 1C 3G CRABGRASS 0 0 0 BARNYARD GRASS 4C 0 0 WILD OATS 0 2G 0 WHEAT 0 2G 3G CORN 2G 3G 2G SOYBEAN 1C 6G 2G 0 RICE 4G 2G 0 SORGHUM 2G 0 0 PRE EMERGENCE MORNING GLORY 9G 10E 3C COCKLEBUR -- 7G 2C CASSIA 8G 1C 3C NUTSEDGE 8G 1C 9G 2C 7G CRABGRASS 0 0 4G BARNYARD GRASS 0 4G 0 WILD OATS 0 6G 4G WHEAT 0 4G 7H CORN 2C 5G 2C 7G 5H SOYBEAN 9H 3G 0 RICE 9H 9H 2C 6G SORGHUM 3G 7G 6G POST EMERGENCE BARN- MORN- BUSH COT- SOR- SOY- WILD YARD- CRAB- ING COCKLE- CAS- NUT- COMPOUND BEANS TON GHUM CORN BEAN WHEAT OATS RICE GRASS GRASS GLORY BUR SIA SEDGE ##STR30## 20.4 9C9C 9C8C9C 5C8C3C8G 10C9C 9C9C 9C3C7G 9C9C 9C9C 10C10C 9C9C 9C10C 9 C9C 10C9C 10C10C ##STR31## 20.4 9C8G8C 9C9G8C 9C5C9G 9U9G5U9G 9C9C 9C2C7G 9C2C7G 9C9C 9C9C 4C8G5C9G 10C10C 10C9C 9C9C 10C10C ##STR32## 20.4 9C3S6G6Y 5B5G2B3G 3B7G1B5G 3B 8U1B2H 2B6H1B 3B1B 3B5G1B 3B5G1B8G 9 5BG3B7H 2C9G5G 5B9G9C 10C9C 7C1B 9C7G PRE-EMERGENCE BARN- MORN- SOR- SOY- WILD YARD- CRAB- ING COCKLE- CAS- NUT- COMPOUND GHUM CORN BEAN WHEAT OATS RICE GRASS GRASS GLORY BUR SIA SEDGE ##STR33## 20.4 10H9H 9G9H 9H9H 9G8G 9G8G 10E10E 10H9H 9G9H 10E10E 9H9H 9G9G 10E10E ##STR34## 20.4 9H9H 10E9G 9H9H 9H9G 9G9G 10E10E 9H9H 9H2C9G 10E9C 9G9G 9G9G 10E10E ##STR35## 20.4 2C7G1C6G 2C8G1C6G 5H 2H 7G4G 8G6G 10E9H 5C9H2C8G 8G4G 9H8G 8H8H 8G3G 9G1C8G

Two 25 cm diameter plastic bulb pans were filled with fertilized and limed Fallsington silt loam soil. One pan was planted with corn, sorghum and several grassy weeds. The other pan was planted with soybeans, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), and several broadleaf weeds. The following grassy and broadleaf species were planted: crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), wild oats (Avena fatua), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), cheatgrass (Bromus secalinus), mustard (Brassica arvensis), cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), curly indigo (Aeschynomene virginica), morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea), cassia (Cassia tora), teaweed (Sida spinosa), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). In addition, two 12.5 cm diameter paper cups were filled with prepared soil; one was planted with rice and wheat, the other with sugarbeets. The above four containers were treated preemergence, i.e., the compounds were sprayed on the soil surface before seed germination.

Twenty-eight days after treatment, the plants were visually rated for injury symptoms utilizing the rating system as described for Test I. The test results are summarized in Table 9. FALLSINGTON SANDY LOAM ##STR36## ##STR37## ##STR38## Rate kg/ha 0.125 0.5 0.06 0.25 0.125 0.5 CRABGRASS 0 0 0 3G 0 0 BARNYARDGRASS 0 4G 4G 6G 0 0 SORGHUM 0 3G 2G 5G 5H 0 0 WILD OATS 0 4G 0 3G 0 0 JOHNSONGRASS 0 5G 0 5G 0 0 DALLISGRASS -- -- 0 4G -- -- GIANT FOXTAIL 0 0 0 0 0 0 KY. BLUEGRASS 7G 8G 3H 6H 3G 5G CHEATGRASS 0 0 3G 5G 0 0 CORN 0 2G 0 4G 0 0 MUSTARD 10C 10C 10C 10C 8G 9G COCKLEBUR 0 0 -- 0 0 5G PIGWEED 6G 10C 10C 10C 8G 10C NUTSEDGE 0 0 7G 10E 4G 8G H. INDIGO -- 3G -- -- 0 5G MORNINGGLORY 0 3G 3G 5G 6G 6G CASSIA 0 7G 3H 10C 10C 2G 2G TEAWEED 0 3H 10C 10C 0 0 VELVETLEAF 6G 8G 3G 6G 5C 3G 7G JIMSONWEED 4G 7G 3G 5G 3C 2G 5G SOYBEAN 3G 4G 4H 0 5G 7H 2G 4G RICE 6H 8H 6G 5H 10H 0 6G 5H WHEAT 4G 2C 4G 4C 0 0 0 0 SUGARBEETS 5G 8C 6G 5H 6G 5H 3G 7G 5H Cotton -- -- -- -- -- -- ##STR39## ##STR40## Rate kg/ha 0.125 0.5 0.125 0.5 CRABGRASS 5G 2C 7G 5C 4G 7G BARNYARDGRASS 7G 3H 10C 9G 8C 10C SORGHUM 5G 7G 5H 10H 10H WILD OATS 3G 3H 4G 3H 2G 4G 3H JOHNSONGRASS 5H 7G 5H 7G 8G 5H 8G 5H DALLISGRASS 6G 7G 3C 5G 7G 3C GIANT FOXTAIL 7G 8G 3C 6G 9G 9C KY. BLUEGRASS 8C 8C 10C 8G 5C 8G 8C CHEATGRASS 7G 8G 5C 7G 8G CORN 2G 6G 5H 7G 9C 9G MUSTARD 10C 10C 10C 10C COCKLEBUR 7G 3C 7G 5C 7G 5C 7G 5C PIGWEED 8G 5C 10C 10E 10E NUTSEDGE 10E 10E 10E 10E H. INDIGO -- -- -- -- MORNINGGLORY 8G 8G 8G 9G CASSIA 8G 7G 7G 3C 8G TEAWEED 8G 5C 8G 7C 8G 7C 8G 8C VELVETLEAF 8G 5C 8G 5C 8G 5C 8G 8C JIMSONWEED 5G 6G 6G 5C 6G 2C SOYBEAN 8G 5H 9G 9H 7G 5H 8G 5H RICE 6G 5C 10C 10C 10C WHEAT 0 4G 0 3G SUGARBEETS 9G 9C 9G 9C 10C 10C Cotton 8G 8G 8G 9G

Twenty-five cm-diameter plastic pots filled with Fallsington silt loam were planted with soybean, cotton, alfalfa, corn, rice, wheat, sorghum, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), cassia (Cassia tora), morningglory (Ipomoea sp.), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum), crabgrass (Digitaria sp.), nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), giant foxtail (Setaria faberii), and wild oats (Avena fatua). Approximately 21/2 weeks after planting, the young plants and the soil around them were sprayed overall with the test chemicals dissolved in a nonphytotoxic solvent. Fourteen days after treatment, all species were compared to untreated controls and visually rated for response to treatment utilizing the rating system as described in Test I. The results are summarized in Table 10.

In addition to their use as herbicides, compounds of Formula I are also useful as agents to beneficially modify growth of selected plant species. Rates (usually 0.01 to 1.0 kg/ha) and timing of application are selected according to species to achieve desirable effects with a minimum of phytotoxicity. Both vegetative and reproductive growth may be controlled. Previous examples and the one given below illustrate the activity of the compounds of this invention as growth regulants. In sugarcane and sorghum, a "chemical ripening" effect may be produced which results in a greater yield of soluble solids (mostly sugars). In many other grasses, growth and seed stalk development are restricted by these compounds, thereby reducing mowing requirements. These compounds are also useful for growth control of woody and herbaceous broadleaf plants.

Test Description

The compounds in the table below were applied to tendercrop beans ("bush" type). The compounds were applied in a suitable nonphytotoxic solvent when the developing tendercrop beans were in the early flowerbud stage. Treated plants and untreated controls were maintained in a greenhouse and response ratings taken 1 and 4 weeks after treatment. Pod yields were taken between 3 and 4 weeks after treatment. Yield results (number and weight) are recorded as a percentage of untreated controls. The test results are summarized in Table 11.