Portable Pulmonary Respirator, Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing Machine and Emergency Oxygen Equipment

The patent to N.F. Beasley U.S. Pat. No. 3,221,733 discloses a pressure breathing therapy unit of the I.P.P.B. type, including a motor-driven air pump, a flow divider having branched outlets to a nebulizer supply conduit and to a flow and pressure regulator, and a nebulizer having a supply conduit and an automatic valve which opens during inspiration and closes at the beginning of expiration, bypassing the expired air through a relief valve.

The patent to Joseph Blasko U.S. Pat. No. 3,613,677 discloses a portable resuscitator including a carrying case, a pressurized oxygen bottle delivering through a pressure regulator to a bellows pump which, during an exhaust stroke, delivers oxygen to a face mask through a flexible hose and, during an intake stroke, draws oxygen from the bottle, the mask having a valve which closes during such intake stroke.

The patent to Ziermann, U.S. Pat. No. 3,379,194 discloses a respirator mounted in a carrying case, embodying a nebulizer which draws compressed air through a fluid amplifyer. The nebulizer provides medication where needed.

The patent to Enfield and Gandi, U.S. Pat. No. 3,874,379 discloses a nebulizer having a valve for facilitating inhalation of an aerosol by a patient and removal of exhaled gases from the patient.

The present invention provides an apparatus which is carried in a case by the patient, includes a bottle of oxygen, a battery-driven blower, and a patient operated switch movable to either of two positions, one of which provides for a mixture of air, oxygen and medication for I.P.P.B. breathing, and the other of which provides for pure oxygen intake, cutting off the blower. The apparatus also includes a 110 volt plug-in connection and electronic system for use in a home or building where 110 volt A.C. current is available, a cigarette lighter plug-in connection for use in an automobile, boat, airplane, etc. having a 12 volt D.C, outlet, and an electronic switching and control network having a micro-voltmeter responsive to a test button. A nebulizer is provided, having hose connections to the blower and to the oxygen bottle respectively, the oxygen supply being controlled by a patient-operated valve. When using pure oxygen, the nebulizer is replaced by a face mask and the valve handle is held in fully open position by a lock.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the apparatus with the nebulizer attached in operative position, and

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the switching and test unit.

Referring now to the drawing, a suitcase-type carrying case 9 encloses the operative mechanism which includes, in general, an oxygen bottle 10 capable of holding 396 liters of pure oxygen at 2015 P.S.I., an air blower 11, a nebulizer assembly 12 normally receiving air from the blower through a flexible tube 13 and oxygen from bottle 10 through an oxygen drive hose 14 controlled by a patient-operated valve assembly 15, a 12 volt D.C. battery pack 16 for driving the blower when other electric sources are not available, an electronic switching and control assembly 17 having a selector switch operated by a patient-controlled switch handle 18 which in one position provides for blower operation for I.P.P.B. breathing and in an alternate position cuts off the blower operation and provides for emergency pure oxygen supply to the valve assembly 15. A transformer and rectifier unit 21 (part of electronic assembly 17) is provided for converting household current supplied by a connection 19 to a 110 volt A.C. circuit, to 12 volt direct current suitable for driving the blower 11 and recharging battery pack 16 through a charger 21a; and a connector 22 is used for receiving 12 volt direct current from a cigar lighter outlet in an automotive vehicle during transportation, through a conduit 20.

An oxygen turn-on valve 23 controls the release of oxygen from bottle 10 through a regulator 24 and a safety valve 25 to an oxygen hose 26 and thence to a delivery valve 27, part of patient-controlled switching assembly 15, from which the oxygen is delivered to the nebulizer assembly 12 through the hose 14. A liter gage 29 and an oxygen contents gage 30 are included in the regulator assembly at the discharge end of oxygen bottle 10.

Switching assembly 15 includes the oxygen delivery valve 27, operated by a turn-on handle 31, an hermetically sealed reed switch 32 which is adapted to be operated to a conducting state by a magnet 33 carried by handle 31, a lock 34 mounted on a bracket 35 and adapted to frictionally engage and hold the end of handle 31 in the valve-opening and switch-closing position, and a coil spring 36 engaged under tension between a bracket projection 37 and the magnet-carrying arm 38 of turn-on handle 31, for holding the handle 31 in the valve-closing and circuit-opening position shown in the drawing.

Reed switch 32 is connected by means of conductors 42 and 43 to one side of blower motor 11 and to one side of the switch controlled by handle 18, the other side of motor 11 being connected, by a conductor 44, to electronic switch and control network 21.

The electronic switching and control network 17 includes a push-to-test button 39 and a micro-voltmeter 40 which indicates the voltage condition in the 12 V.D.C. circuit when depressed.

When switch handle 18 is in the "up" position, the control network 17 automatically selects the power source being used (the battery pack 16 when neither of the plug-in connections 19, 22 are operative, or one of the latter connections when plugged in) thus eliminating switching by hand. In order to test the batteries 16, the test button 39 is pushed. If the batteries are fully charged, the hand on meter 40 will move to the red zone; if it falls below the meter's red indicator, the 110 volt A.C. connector 19 is plugged into a conventional circuit outlet until the batteries are fully charged. With switch handle 18 in the "up" position, the circuit to blower 11 will be activated for I.P.P.B. breathing operation, using nebulizer assembly 12. The electronic switching unit 17 automatically cuts off the flow of oxygen during the expiration portion of the breathing cycle, and restores oxygen flow during inspiration. The patient-operated "on" handle 31, when pushed to breathe position, releases six liters of oxygen to nebulizer 12, creating a mist at mouthpiece 41 of the nebulizer assembly. A fraction of a second after the oxygen is released to the nebulizer, a magnetic field created by magnet 33 activates the sealed reed switch 32 which in turn starts the operation of blower 11 to push the medicinal mist to the patient's airways. The blower puts out a volume of air from zero to the equivalent of 27 centimeters of water (nine inches at top speed).

Following inhalation, the patient releases the "on" handle 31, which then returns to shut-off position, cutting off oxygen and power to the blower.

For pure oxygen breathing, the oxygen drive hose 14 is detached from oxygen valve 27, and a breathing face mask (not illustrated) with a hose attached, is connected to valve 27. The valve handle 18 of the electronic switching unit 17 is then moved downwardly to a position where the blower 11 is deenergized to cut off air flow, and pure oxygen will then be drawn through the face mask during each inspiration. The switching assembly 15 is operated as in the I.P.P.B. breathing, the handle 31 being locked in valve-opening position by lock 34. The doctor will set the regulator 24 to deliver the prescribed number of liters of oxygen, which will be read on gage 29.