Bit for Drilling Holes in Rocks

This invention relates to a bit for drilling holes in moderately and hard gettable rocks.

A known drilling bit for holes in rocks comprises a shank made as a single workpiece with extension serving as a bit head with inserts of sintered carbide mounted therein by means of soldering. The parts of the inserts protruding above the head constitute the drill points of the bit, arranged symmetrically on the front face thereof and together with a part of the head are shaped in the form of a wedge having equal angles in relation to a plane passing through the drill point edge of the bit and parallel to the main axis of the bit. The side surfaces of the bit are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the cross-section of the bit, whereby the basic surface of the insert is perpendicular to the side surfaces of the bit. Between the drill points, in the main axis of the bit, a central flushing channel is provided, and between the drill points, in the side surface of the bit, pockets are made, to remove the drillings material. Said pockets are connected above the flushing channels with the cylindrical space of the shank. Moreover, the cross-section of the part of the insert, situated below the drill point, lying in the plane of symmetry of said part of the insert, perpendicular to the cross-sectional plane thereof, has the form of an irregular quadrangle.

A disadvantage of said bit consists in the frequent spalling of the drill points and breaking of the sintered carbide inserts in the course of drilling holes in rock, caused by occurrence of high stress concentrations in the corners of the plate bases. Furthermore, the rock core formed in the central part of the hole being drilled causes a shearing of the solder and pushing the plates outside the bit head.

An object of the invention is to increase the overall strength of the bit, and this is achieved by the choice of the geometrical parameters of the inserts of sintered carbides preventing the inserts from being pushed outside the bit head.

The invention essentially comprises a bit for drilling holes in rocks, wherein the profile of the base of the insert of sintered carbide is along a downward convex curve symmetrical with the symmetry axis of the cross-section of the insert. In the irregular quadrangle, however, resulting from the section of the insert with the symmetry plane of the insert, the side situated nearest to the bit axis is inclined thereto at an acute angle .phi. and the side corresponding to the base of the insert is inclined thereto at an angle .epsilon. determined by the relationship 90.degree.>.epsilon..gtoreq.90.degree.-.phi., wherein .phi.<30.degree.. Moreover, the symmetry plane of the insert situated below the drill point and perpendicular to its cross-sectional plane is inclined with the cross-section of the bit at an angle .tau. determined by the relationship 90.degree..ltoreq..tau..ltoreq.90.degree.+.gamma., wherein .gamma. is the angle of incidence of the bit drill point.

The advantage of the rock drilling bit according to the invention consists in uniform distribution of pressures over the entire base surfaces of the sintered carbide plates. The forces pressing the bit against the face of the rock to be drilled equalize further the values of forces shearing the solder, effected by the core being formed in the central part of the hole being drilled.

The rock drilling bit according to the invention is diagrammatically presented in an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1 is a side view of the bit,

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the bit,

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the bit, taken along line 3--3 in FIG. 2, and

FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 4--4 in FIG. 2.

The subject of the invention comprises a drill bit having a cylindrical shank 1 made as a one piece body having an extension forming the head 2 of the bit with inserts 3 made of sintered carbide mounted therein. The inserts 3 are connected to the head 2 by means of solder. The parts of the inserts 3, protruding above the head 2, constitute drill points 4 of the bit, distributed symmetrically on the front face of the bit. Between the drill points 4, in the main axis of the bit, a central flushing channel 5 is provided, connected with a cylindrical space 6 in the shank 1, whereas between the inserts 3, in the side surface of the head, pockets 7 are formed for removing the drillings material, via flushing channels 8 connected with the central flushing channel 5. The cross-section of the insert part 3 situated below the drill point 4, taken with respect to the symmetry plane of this part of the insert 3, perpendicular to its cross-section, has the form of an irregular quadrangle (FIG. 3). The profile of the base of insert 3 follows a downward convex curve 9 even against the symmetry axis of the cross-section of the insert 3. In the irregular quadrangle, however, resulting from the section of the insert 3 with the symmetry plane of the part of insert 3, situated below the drill point 4 and perpendicular to the cross-section of the insert 3, the side situated nearest to the axis of the bit is inclined thereto at an acute angle .phi. equal to 12.degree., and the side corresponding with the insert base is inclined thereto at an angle .epsilon. equal to 78.degree.. Moreover, the symmetry plane of the part of insert 3, situated below the drill point 4, perpendicular to its cross-sectional plane is inclined with the cross-section of the bit at an angle .ltoreq. determined according to the relationship 90.degree..ltoreq..tau..ltoreq.90.degree.+.gamma. wherein .gamma. is the angle of incidence of the bit drill point 4. In particular, as shown in FIG. 4 the insert 4 has inclined upper faces 10 and 11 which intersect at edge or drill point 4 and the angle of incidence .gamma. is formed between face 10 (referred to as the "face plane") and plane P extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bit.