US 4,183,222 AGrant
Ice Maker With Thermostatic Water Control
Issue Date:1980-01-15
•11 Claims
•1 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A method of making ice wherein water in excess of the freezing capacity is directed over a cylindrical surface member that is refrigerated to a subfreezing temperature to form ice thereon and from which the ice is harvested in combination with a thermostatic water valve means having a control portion in heat exchange relationship with the low pressure side of the refrigerating means that provides the subfreezing temperature for regulating the volumetric water supply to the surface in inverse ratio to the temperature of the low pressure side of the refrigerating means so that when the temperature is higher than desired, the water flow is restricted or stopped so as to prevent waste. Then, when the temperature of the low pressure side of the refrigerating means and, thus, the cylindrical surface is sufficiently low, the volumetric flow of water is increased.
Metadata
Assignee
- Whirlpool Corporation
Inventor
- Donald F. Swanson
Application Information
Application Number:US 8206457
Filing Date:1977-08-01
Priority Date:1976-06-21
Art Unit:344
Classifications
IPC:
F25C 114
Field of Search:
62180;189;138;354;66;71
Patent Drawings (1 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
This invention relates to a method of making ice in which water is frozen on a refrigerated surface from which it is harvested and the rate of water flow to this surface is regulated by a thermostatic water valve means having a control portion in heat exchange relationship with the low pressure side of the refrigerating means so that the supply of water to the refrigerated surface is in inverse ratio to the temperature of the surface. Accordingly, water is supplied to the refrigerated surface in volumetrically varying amounts proportionate to the capacity of the refrigerating means to make ice.
Another feature of the invention is to provide a method of producing ice in which water is fed to an ice maker as a function of the ice making capability of the ice maker under varying temperature and apparatus operating conditions which comprises feeding water to a freezing surface that is maintained at a subfreezing temperature by means of a refrigerant evaporator having a refrigerant inlet line and a gaseous refrigerant suction line and varying the volumetric flow of water through the zone in inverse ratio to the temperature of the zone and preferably in inverse ratio to the temperature of the refrigerant suction line.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,643,454 discloses an ice maker having a gravity flow water supply system to the refrigerated surface from a water reservoir above the refrigerated surface. The water supply to the reservoir may be regulated by the demand for the finished ice product. There is no temperature controlled water supply means.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,744,266 discloses an ice maker in which the supply of water is regulated by the pressure of a static column of water formed by a constant flow drain.
Neither of these prior patents nor any other patent or reference of which applicant is aware discloses a method of making ice wherein there is a thermostatically controlled water supply operating in inverse ratio to the temperature of the freezing surface as is the case with the present invention.
Summary of the Invention
Basically, the method of this invention controls the water supply to the freezing surface in inverse ratio to the temperature of this surface which, in turn, is controlled by the temperature in the refrigerant evaporator used to chill this surface to a subfreezing temperature. Thus, water is supplied in proportion to the capacity of the refrigerating means to make ice. These temperatures are affected by and therefore are a function of the ambient operating conditions to which the ice maker is exposed with the result that the water is fed to the ice maker as a function of the ice making capability of the ice maker under those ambient conditions. In addition, the thermostatic water valve used to control the water supply automatically compensates for unfavorable conditions such as a dirty condenser which might otherwise adversely affect the mechanical and refrigeration system by placing undesirable stresses on the components of the ice maker.
Brief Description of the Drawing
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view partially in section of a commercial ice maker for carrying out the method of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a refrigeration system incorporating the ice maker embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view through a thermostatic water valve used to control the water supply in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating an example of the operating conditions of an ice maker employing the invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
The ice maker illustrated in the accompanying drawings is generally of the commercial type illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,643,454 assigned to the assignee hereof. The illustrated ice maker 10 includes the cylinder 11 having an inner surface 12 which is adapted to be chilled to a subfreezing temperature by a refrigerant flowing through evaporator coil 13 in heat exchange relationship with the outer surface of the cylinder. Connected to evaporator 13 are a liquid refrigerant line 14 leading to the evaporator coil 13 and a gaseous refrigerant suction line 15 leading from the coil 13.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the evaporator 13 is a part of a refrigeration system in which the suction line 15 leads to a refrigerant compressor 16 which is connected by a line 17 to a condenser 18 in which the refrigerant is returned to its liquid condition and is then directed through an expansion valve 19 to the evaporator 13. Flow through the expansion valve 19 is controlled by temperature sensing bulb 19' attached to the suction line in heat exchange relationship. The evaporator 13 and suction line 15 form the low pressure side of the refrigerating means. Thus, the refrigeration system of FIG. 2 is conventional.
The space between the inner surface 12 of the cylinder 11 on which the ice is formed and an ice harvest auger 20 provides an annular water flow passage 21.
As is customary in ice makers of this type, the system provides for a flow of water through the passage 21 in excess of the freezing capacity of the apparatus so that ice will be built up on the inner cylinder surface 12. In the ice maker of this invention as illustrated in the drawings, water is directed from an ice maker water inlet 22 through a pressure regulator 23 designed to supply water at a pressure of 25 psi, for example, and from the regulator 23, the water flows through a line 24 to the thermostatic water valve 25.
From the water valve 25, a water line 26 leads to a manifold chamber 27 at the lower end of the annular passage 21 so as to be directed upwardly in this passage.
During the upward flow in the passage 21, ice builds up on the refrigerated inner surface 12 of the cylinder 11. The water supply in excess of the amount frozen is directed upwardly into a nozzle 28 and passes through a line 29 to a drain, all as explained in the above U.S. Pat. No. 3,643,454.
The outer surface of the auger 20 is provided with a helical blade 30 that substantially spans the space 21. This auger blade is angled so that when the auger 20 is rotated in the direction 31 by a motor 32 driving a gear reducer 33, the ice is scraped from the surface 12, raised to the top chamber 34 above the auger 20 and to the bottom of the nozzle 28 where it is engaged by a second and smaller auger 35 pitched in the same general direction as the first auger 20 and substantially coaxial with the first auger 20. Auger 35 compresses the harvested ice by forcing it upwardly in the tapered nozzle 28 which compresses the ice into a column, squeezes excess water from it which flows out through the drain 29 and forces the ice column 36 through a breaker elbow 37 to break the column 36 into successive ice blocks 38 of which only one is shown in dotted lines at the top of FIG. 1.
Experience has shown that when an ice maker of this type has a single fixed rate of water supply, this supply is optimum for only one set of operating conditions and when the ice maker is affected by ambient conditions including air temperature as well as by the apparatus operating conditions, there is no way for compensating for these variables which are almost constantly changing. Therefore with a single rate water supply the flow rate is either excessive or insufficient. An excessive flow rate not only wastes water but also decreases ice production due to melting.
An insufficient water supply, on the other hand, tends to cause freeze-up conditions within the maker and particularly in the passage 21 thereby putting unnecessary and severe stresses on both the mechanical and refrigeration system of the ice maker. This invention, by providing an automatically regulated water supply, permits the ice maker to compensate for unfavorable mechanical and refrigeration conditions as well as for changing ambient conditions.
In order to provide this automatic varying of the water supply there is provided a variable flow means comprising the thermostatic water valve 25 having a control portion in heat exchange relationship with the low pressure side of the refrigerating means for regulating the volumetric water supply to the freezing surface 12 in inverse ration to the temperature of this surface. It is possible for the thermostatic water valve to set so that the control portion can be arranged in heat exchange relationship with the high side of the refrigerating means, however, it is preferred to use low side temperatures inasmuch as the low side temperatures are more directly related to the ice making capacity of the system.
In the illustrated embodiment this variable flow means is provided by the thermostatic water valve 25 which has a sensing bulb 39 attached in heat conducting relationship with the suction line 15. The temperature responsive fluid in the bulb 39 and connecting line 40 operates through a chamber 41 on one side of a diaphragm 42 in a diaphragm chamber 43. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the temperature responsive bulb 39 is typically attached to suction line 15 at the same location as temperature responsive bulb 19' of expansion valve 19.
When the temperature of the suction line 15 and thus in the evaporator 13 is excessive so that the conditions for forming ice on the freezing surface 12 are not favorable the pressure in the line 40 in the chamber 41 will press the diaphragm 42 down as viewed in FIG. 3 to move valve member 44 toward the closed position so that no water or a reduced volume of water as illustrated by the dotted arrows 45 and 46 can flow into the water line 26 and thus into the water passage 21. This water flow in the valve 25 is through a tubular portion 47 in the valve 25, past the valve 44 when it is open (it is closed in FIG. 3) and out a second tubular portion 48 at right angles to the first portion 47.
However, under the conditions illustrated in the drawings the valve member 44 is held closed by the pressure of the fluid in the bulb 39 and line 40 so that no water can flow. Once the temperature conditions of the low pressure side of the refrigerating means and thus at the freezing surface 12 are adequate for efficient freezing of the water to ice the pressure of the thermostatic fluid in the line 40 decreases and a compression spring 49 in a spring chamber 50 which is normally held under compression raises the valve member 44 and opens the water supply passages in the valve 25 to provide water to the freezing space 21. For example, valve 44 starts to open at temperatures below 28.degree. to 30.degree. F.
By regulating the water supply in inverse ratio to the temperature of the freezing surface 12 the ice maker automatically compensates for changing conditions which can either be the ambient conditions of changing temperatures or operating conditions in the system itself. Thus the water supply is regulated proportionate to the capacity of the refrigerating means to make ice under varying operating conditions.
One example of varying the operating conditions is illustrated in FIG. 4. Here the abscissa of the graph illustrates varying bulb temperatures of the bulb 39 while the ordinate of the graph is marked in pounds of water supplied to the ice maker per 24 hours. As can be seen, when the bulb temperature is at the lower end of the scale or toward the left end of the abscissa the water supply is at the greatest while as the bulb temperature rises the water supply is correspondingly decreased.
Claims
Having described the invention, the embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A method of continuously producing ice on a freezing surface comprising: refrigerating said freezing surface to a subfreezing temperature with a refrigerating means including an evaporator in heat exchange relationship with said freezing surface and causing liquid refrigerant to vaporize therein to form gaseous refrigerant, said evaporator having a connection to a gaseous refrigerant suction line for delivering the gaseous refrigerant thereto; supplying a flow of water to said freezing surface in excess of the amount required for forming ice; sensing a temperature condition of the gaseous refrigerant; varying the volumetric flow of water to said freezing surface in accordance with the sensed temperature condition to be proportionate to the capacity of said refrigerating means to form ice on said freezing surface; and continuously harvesting ice from said freezing surface.
2. The method of continuously producing ice of claim 1 including the step of regulating the pressure of the water supplied to a substantially constant pressure prior to said step of varying the volumetric flow of said water.
3. The method of continuously producing ice of claim 1 further including the step of compressing the ice harvested from said freezing surface into ice blocks.
4. The method of continuously producing ice of claim 1 wherein the liquid refrigerant is delivered to said evaporator through an expansion valve, the flow through the expansion valve being controlled in accordance with a sensed temperature condition of the gaseous refrigerant.
5. A method of continuously producing ice on a freezing surface comprising: refrigerating said freezing surface to a subfreezing temperature with a refrigerating means including an evaporator in heat exchange relationship with said freezing surface, said evaporator having a connection to a gaseous refrigerant suction line; supplying a flow of water to said freezing surface in excess of the amount required for forming ice; varying the volumetric flow of water to said freezing surface in inverse ratio to the temperature of said gaseous refrigerant suction line at said evaporator connection; and continuously harvesting ice from said freezing surface.
6. The method of continuously producing ice of claim 5 wherein the liquid refrigerant is delivered to said evaporator through an expansion valve, the flow through the expansion valve being controlled in accordance with a sensed temperature condition of the gaseous refrigerant at said evaporator connection.
7. A method of continuously producing ice on a freezing surface comprising: refrigerating said freezing surface to a subfreezing temperature with a refrigerating means including an evaporator in heat exchange relationship with said freezing surface and causing liquid refrigerant to vaporize therein to form gaseous refrigerant, said evaporator having an inlet connection to a liquid refrigerant supply and an outlet connection to a gaseous refrigerant suction line for returning the refrigerant to the supply for delivering the gaseous refrigerant thereto; supplying a flow of water to said freezing surface in excess of the amount required for forming ice; sensing a temperature condition of the gaseous refrigerant; varying the volumetric flow of water to said freezing surface in accordance with the sensed temperature condition to be proportionate to the capacity of said refrigerating means to form ice on said freezing surface; and continuously harvesting ice from said freezing surface.
8. The method of continuously producing ice of claim 7 including the step of controlling the flow of gaseous refrigerant from said supply line through said inlet connection to said evaporator as a function of the temperature of said evaporator at said outlet connection.
9. The method of continuously producing ice of claim 7 including the step of controlling the flow of gaseous refrigerant from said supply line through said inlet connection to said evaporator as a function of the temperature of said gaseous refrigerant suction line at said outlet connection.
10. A method of continuously producing ice on a freezing surface comprising: refrigerating said freezing surface to a subfreezing temperature with a refrigerating means including an evaporator in heat exchange relationship with said freezing surface, said evaporator having an inlet connection to a liquid refrigerant inlet line and an outlet connection to a gaseous refrigerant suction line; supplying a flow of water to said freezing surface in excess of the amount required for forming ice; varying the volumetric flow of water to said freezing surface in inverse ratio to the evaporator temperature of said outlet connection; and continuously harvesting ice from said freezing surface.
11. The method of continuously producing ice of claim 10 wherein said evaporator temperature is sensed by sensing the temperature of said gaseous refrigerant suction line at said outlet connection.