US 4,181,043 AGrant
Stepless Variable Stroke Drive Having a Non-Rotating Cam
Issue Date:1980-01-01
•52 Claims
•9 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A stepless variable stroke drive particularly suitable for a bicycle transmission has a crank driven input element comprising a carrier housing journaled for rotation on a spindle. Mounted within the carrier, journaled on individual axles, radially spaced to the spindle, are four planet gears which engage an output sun gear. Recessed into one side of each planet gear is a concentric channel whose outer circumference is constructed with ratchet teeth and whose inner circumference journals a crank ring having pawls for engaging the ratchet teeth. The ring also has a follower which engages a cylindrical cam channel fixed on and adjustable to various eccentricities relative to the spindle. As the carrier housing rotates, the crank ring follower engages the cam channel causing the crank rings to angularly oscillate at an amplitude proportional to the cam channel eccentricity. Sequential intermittent engagement of the crank ring pawls with the planet gear ratchet teeth during a portion of each carrier revolution drives the sun gear at a constant speed which is a multiple of the input speed dependent on the cam eccentricity. In another embodiment, the crank ring is eliminated and the planet gears each have a follower for engaging the eccentric cam channel. The carrier housing has slots for the planet gear axles which allow the planet gear to sequentially move to engage and disengage the sun gear for a selected portion of each planet gear's oscillation to accomplish a speed increase, decrease or reversal. Alternate manual and automatic controls are provided for both embodiments to adjust the cam channel eccentricity.
Metadata
Assignee
- Avco Corporation
Inventor
- Clive Waddington
Application Information
Application Number:US 8367272
Filing Date:1977-09-26
Priority Date:1977-09-26
Art Unit:345
Classifications
IPC:
E16H 344
Field of Search:
74750 B;217 B;117
Patent Drawings (9 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
My invention relates in general to drives and more particularly to stepless, variable ratio drives employing a variable stroke mechanism.
An important advance in the use of variable stroke drives for automatic transmissions was the Waddington drive described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,803,932 and 3,874,253, and in pending U.S. patent application No. 737,632. The Waddington drive of these earlier descriptions employed a cam which rotated at the input speed to the drive and which was automatically controlled to assume various eccentricities relative to the center of input rotation in order to vary the stroke and thereby the torque ratio of the drive. The instant invention also utilizes a variable stroke drive, but has the feature of a nonrotating cam which allows manual control of the cam eccentricity to regulate the stroke and torque ratio of the drive. The manual control capability is desirable in some situations as, for example, when the drive is used for a bicycle transmission. The manual control would accommodate cyclists who would prefer to manipulate the control themselves to suit their particular needs. Indeed the drive is particularly attractive for use as a bicycle transmission because of its compactness, light weight, moderate cost and immediate adaptability to existing bicycle frames. The earlier Waddington drives were either somewhat heavier because they operated at slow input speed and utilized large overrunning clutches, or required some modification to the standard bicycle frame to incorporate an input speed stepup mechanism.
Summary of the Invention
The invention is a variable stroke drive wherein the input element comprises a crank driven carrier housing journaled for rotation on a spindle. In the carrier, journaled on individual axles, are four planet gears which mesh with a sun gear. Recessed into one side of each planet gear is a concentric channel with ratchet teeth in its outer circumference. Journaled on the inner circumference of the channel is a crank ring having several pawls to engage the ratchet teeth. The crank ring also has a follower which engages a cylindrical cam channel fixed on and adjustable to various eccentricities relative to the spindle center. Rotation of the carrier housing by the input means imparts to the crank ring an angular oscillation of an amplitude proportional to the eccentricity of the cam channel. As a crank ring is carried around that quarter of a carrier revolution where it is oscillated at highest angular velocities in a direction opposite to the carrier rotation, the pawls of the ring engage the planet gear ratchet teeth and cause rotation of the planet. The sequential engagement of the rings and planets drives the sun gear at a substantially constant output speed which is a multiple of the input speed and is dependent on the cam eccentricity.
Another embodiment of the invention eliminates the crank rings and ratchet teeth. Instead, the planets are provided with a follower which engages the cam channel and oscillates the planets. Provided in the carrier housing are slots for the planet axles which allow the planets sequentially to move to engage and disengage the sun gear during a selected portion of the carrier revolution to accomplish a speed increase, decrease or reversal.
The invention provides three alternate control mechanisms for adjusting the eccentricity of the cam to shift the drive's ratios. The first is a manually manipulated arrangement of lever and cable. The second is an automatic input speed control which utilizes centrifugal weights to engage an outer race when the input speed is above a predetermined value and an inner race when below another value. The races, through a gear arrangement, drive a screw which is linked to the cam. The third control is automatic and responds to the torque across the drive.
Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view in section of an embodiment of the invention as it may be applied for use as a bicycle transmission.
FIG. 2 is a section along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a section along the line 3--3 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a side view, partly in section, of a manual control for shifting the transmission.
FIG. 5 is a section along the line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is an end view of the transmission with a torque ratio control sensitive to input speed which is part of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a section along the line 7--7 of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a section along the line 8--8 of FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 is a side view in section of another embodiment of the invention as it may be applied for use as a bicycle transmission.
FIG. 10 is a section along the line 10--10 of FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 is a section along the line 11--11 of FIG. 9.
Detailed Description of the Invention
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the transmission 10 is mounted by fixing its main spindle 12 in slotted left and right brackets 14 and 16 which are attached to the bicycle rear fork members 18 and 20.
Screwed on the left side of the spindle 12 is a nut 22 which is prevented from turning by its two flats 24 which snugly fit a recess in the left bracket 14. The bracket 14 is clamped between nut 22 and washer 26 by end nut 28.
Similarly screwed on the right side of spindle 12 is pivot hub 30 which is prevented from turning by its end flats 31 which fit into a recess in right bracket 16. The bracket 16 is clamped between the pivot hub 30 and washer 32 by end nut 34. The nut 22 and pivot hub 30 are just sufficiently spaced on spindle 12 for intermediate parts to turn freely.
Adjacent pivot hub 30 is a carrier assembly 36 comprised of a sprocket 38, a left side disk 40 and a cover 42. The sprocket 38 is journaled by a bearing 44 onto the spindle 12. An output sun gear 46 is journaled through its hollow shaft 48 onto spindle 12 by a pair of bearings 50. The carrier left side disk 40 is then journaled onto the shaft 48 by a bearing 52.
The carrier 36 retains four axles 54 on each of which is a planet gear 56 journaled by a bearing 58. The planets 56 have external teeth meshing with sun gear 46. Recessed into one side of each planet 56, concentric with the planet axle 54, is a channel 60. The outer circumference of the channel 60 has a number of ratchet teeth 62. The inner circumference supports a bearing 64 for journaling a crank ring 66 received by channel 60 on which are pivotally mounted several outward oriented pawls 68, shown in FIG. 3, to engage the ratchet teeth 62. Also in the crank ring 66, for each pawl 68, there is a small bore 70 which retains a cantilever spring 72 engaging a recess in its pawl 68 and urging the pawl 68 against the ratchet teeth 62. Retained in a recess in the outer circumference of the channel 60, protruding slightly beyond the ratchet teeth 62 is a resilient ring 74, seen in FIG. 1, on which the pawls 68 noiselessly ride when not engaged.
Each crank ring 66 has a crank pin 76 protruding through an arcuate slot 78 in the sprocket 38 as best seen in FIG. 3. Journaled on each crank pin 76 is a cylindrical follower 80 which follows a circular cam channel 84 constructed in cam plate 88. Cam plate 88 is in turn journaled onto cam plate axle 82 by bearings 86.
As seen in FIG. 2, the cam plate axle 82 has a circular, interior bore 90, the center P of which being offset from the geometric center C of the cam plate axle 82 and the center of the circular cam channel 84. By means of the bore 90, the cam plate axle 82 is itself journaled onto cylindrical surface 92 of the pivot hub 30. The center P of cylindrical surface 92 on the pivot hub 30 is offset from the spindle axis S by the same distance that the center of the interior bore 90 in the cam plate 88 is offset from the geometric center C of the cam plate axle 82. The cam plate axle 82 is rotatably adjustable from concentricity to varying eccentricities relative to the spindle 12 by pivoting about the center P of surface 92. In order to reduce the loads on the follower 80, cam plate 88 is freely rotatable on bearings 86.
Into the cam plate axle 82 is threaded a stop pin 94 which protrudes into a groove 96 angularly spanning 90.degree. of cylindrical surface 92 of the pivot hub 30 in order to limit the adjustability of the cam plate axle 82. In FIG. 2 the center C of cam plate axle 82 is shown swung around the pivot hub center P to its maximum eccentricity relative to spindle center S. A plastic dust cover 98 is provided to protect the cam plate axle 82 and cam plate 88. The means employed for controlling the position of cam plate 88 will be described subsequently. An output wheel hub 102 is journaled onto the output sun gear shaft 48 by a pair of overrunning clutches 100. The hub retains spokes 104 for mounting a wheel (not shown) in the usual way. A washer 106 is interposed between the hub 102 and the nut 22.
In operation the sprocket 38 of the bicycle transmission 10 is rotated (clockwise as viewed in FIG. 2) by a chain 108 driven by a foot crank (not shown) having pedals manipulated by the cyclist. The planet axles 54, being mounted in the carrier 36, of which the sprocket 38 is a part, are rotated on the spindle 12. With the cam plate axle 82 positioned concentric to the spindle 12, the angular position of each follower 80 relative to its corresponding planet axle 54 is maintained throughout a revolution of the carrier 36. Therefore, the cranks 66 are motionless relative to the carrier 36. Because the planets 56 mesh with the output sun gear 46, and the sun gear 46 resists rotation because it is connected to the bicycle wheel, the planets 56 tend to rotate clockwise about their axles 54, but are prevented from such rotation by engagement of the pawls 68 with the ratchet teeth 62. The planets 56 are thereby constrained relative to the carrier 36 and directly transmit the input rotation of the carrier 36 to the sun gear 46. The rotational motion of the sun gear 46 is further transmitted by the overrunning clutches 100 to the output hub 102 and the wheel spokes 104. With the cam channel concentric with the spindle, no speed change occurs across the transmission inasmuch as all of the rotating members are effectively locked together. Coasting with the chain pedals held motionless is possible with a minimum of transmission frictional drag as the overrunning clutches 100 allow the output hub 102 to turn easily on the sun gear shaft 48. Without this feature, coasting could be accommodated by disengagement of the pawls allowing the planets to rotate within the carrier.
When the cam channel 84 is eccentric to the spindle as the carrier revolves, each follower oscillates its radial position toward and away from the spindle. Since each axle is fixed in the carrier at a constant distance from the spindle, this causes each follower to oscillate its crank, i.e., to rotate the crank about its axle in one direction and subsequently in the opposite direction. Since the four axles are circumferentially equally spaced in the carrier, each crank is one-quarter of a cycle out of phase with its adjacent cranks.
So long as a crank rotates with a velocity opposite to, or at a velocity less than that of its planet, the crank pawls ride over the ratchet teeth in that planet. However, as the planet enters that quarter of a carrier revolution where the cam channel eccentricity imparts a rotational velocity to the crank which is in the same direction as, and which begins to exceed that of its planet, its pawls engage. For application of the drive as a bicycle transmission, virtually continuous engagement of the drive's input elements with the load is desirable, or the cyclist will sense engagements as unpleasant jerkiness in the pedals. Consequently a high resolution pawl and ratchet arrangement is shown here.
Only 2.degree. of rotation of the crank in a direction opposite to the planet rotation can take place before a pawl engages inasmuch as the spacing of the five pawls equally divides the 10.degree. angular span of one ratchet tooth. Thus for substantially a quarter of a carrier revolution, each of the four cranks is sequentially rotated relative to its planet so that its pawls engage. The engaged crank then drivingly rotates its planet about its axle in a direction opposite to the carrier rotation. This driving planet imparts to the meshing sun gear a rotational velocity equal to the velocity of the planet about its axle plus the rotational velocity of the carrier. The remaining planets are rotated by the sun gear at the same velocity as the driving planet, and thus their cranks are disengaged during this interval.
The planets sequentially drive the sun gear so that its resultant motion is substantially uniform corresponding approximately to the maximum rotational velocity of the planets superimposed on the velocity of carrier 36. The eccentricity of the cam channel 84 determines the output velocity and, hence, the speed and torque ratios of the drive.
The fixed nature of the cam channel 84 in this invention allows use of a variety of means for controlling its channel eccentricity. The cam eccentricity can be adjusted at any time by the cyclist with the manual control 110 shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5. The control 110 comprises a cable 112 attached at one end to the cam plate axle 82 by a pin 114 so that the axle 82 can be pivoted of hub 30 toward greater eccentricity against the forces exerted by the followers 80 which tend to pull the cam plate 88 toward zero eccentricity. A spring 116 is attached to ensure returning of the axle 82 to zero eccentricity when the tension in the cable 112 is released. The cable 112 is routed through a protective sheath 118 to a drum 120 in which the other end of the cable 112 is retained. The drum 120 is journaled on the hub of the adjacent locking plate 122 which itself is journaled on a cylindrical extension of the control support bracket 124 attached to the bicycle crossbar 126. Adjacent to the locking plate 112 and also journaled on the locking plate hub is a front plate 128 which is retained thereon by a washer 130 and a screw 132 threaded into the cylindrical extension of the bracket 124. A second screw 133 passed through an extension of the front plate 128 and threaded into an extension of the drum 120 pivotally supports a lever 134 for locking the drum 120 in a desired angular position.
A spring 136 integral with the front plate 128 urges the lever 134 to pivot so that its locking surface 138 bears against the locking plate 122. The lever locking surface 138 is curved so that increased bearing pressure is produced as the tension in the cable 112 is increased. The lever 134 is released allowing repositioning of the drum when the cyclist manually pivots the lever 134 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 4.
A control 140 sensitive to input speed for automatically adjusting the eccentricity of cam channel 84 to vary the transmission torque ratio may be provided as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. The control housing is supported from the spindle 12 and the rear fork 20. A U-shaped bracket 144 is spaced from and attached to the cam plate axle 82 by spacers 146 and screws 148. The ends of a link 150 are respectively pivotally connected to the bracket 144 and to the end of a threaded shaft 152 which is screwed into a hollow shaft 154 integral with a bevel pinion 156. The pinion shaft 154 is journaled by ball bearings 158 having an outer race 160 retained by the housing 142.
A location adjusting nut 162 and a locking nut 164 are threaded onto the pinion shaft 154. Meshing with the pinion 156 on the left side of the pinion axis is a left bevel gear 166, and on the right side, a right bevel gear 168. The right bevel gear 168 is fixed on a shaft 170 extending from the inner clutch race 172. The inner clutch race 172 is encircled by the outer clutch race 174 which has a hub journaled on the shaft 170. The left bevel gear 166 is fixed on the hub of the outer clutch race 174.
A pin 176 fixed in the housing 142 journals the shaft 170 and the control input sprocket 178. The input sprocket 178 supports a centrifugally responsive mechanism 180 between the inner and outer clutch races 172 and 174. The centrifugal mechanism 180 comprises two arcuate weights 182 each having an inner groove 184 running the entire inner circumference and an outer groove 186 running the entire outer circumference thereof. The weights are retained on a ring 188 which fits loosely and entirely within the inner circumference grooves 184 by a garter spring 190 which fits entirely within the outer circumference grooves 186. The ring 188 has two ears 192 mounted on pins 194 projecting from the input sprocket 178 so that when the sprocket 178 is motionless the inner circumferences of the weights 182 contact the inner race 172. The input sprocket 178 may be driven by the same chain 108 which drives the transmission 10.
In operation, when the control input sprocket 178 is rotated at less than a predetermined speed, the weights 184 contact and rotate the inner race 172. The right bevel gear 168 rotates the pinion 154 so that the threaded shaft 152 is screwed from the pinion shaft 156 and the cam plate axle 82 is pushed to a position of lower eccentricity. When the control input sprocket 178 is rotated at greater than a predetermined speed the weights 184 contact and rotate the outer race 174. The left bevel gear 166 rotates the pinion 154 so that the threaded shaft 152 is screwed into the pinion shaft 156 and the cam plate axle 82 is pulled to a position of greater eccentricity. The centrifugal mechanism 180 is designed so that the weights are not engaged over the optimum pedalling speed range of a cyclist which is normally 50 to 60 revolutions per minute.
Thus if a cyclist pedalling within this optimum speed range encounters a hill and allows his pedalling speed to drop out of this range because of the increased torque required for pedalling, the speed control 140 will automatically and continuously downshift the transmission toward a lower input-to-output speed ratio until the input pedalling torque required is reduced so that the cyclist is again able to pedal in the optimum speed range. Opposite circumstances will produce upshifting.
Another embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 9-11 is the transmission 200. It is identical to the transmission 10 previously illustrated with the exception of the cranks and planetary gears. Each planet 56' is journaled on an axle 54' retained by the carrier 36' as previously described. The carrier 36' is comprised of the sprocket 38' and the left disk 40' screwed and having slots 202 in which the axles 54' can move to engage and disengage with the sun gear 46'. A crank pin 76' integral with the planet 56' protrudes through an arcuate slot 78' in the sprocket 38' and journals a follower 80' which engages the cam channel 84' contained in cam plate 88'. Thus a revolution of the carrier 36' causes a crank pin 76' to angularly oscillate its planet 56' about its axle 54' through one cycle.
By sequentially engaging each of the four planets with the sun gear only over a given portion of a carrier revolution, a speed increase, decrease or reversal can be accomplished. For instance, by sequentially engaging each of the planets with the sun gear over a portion of a carrier revolution where a planet has highest angular velocities in a direction common to the carrier rotation, a speed decrease, or even a speed reversal can be accomplished. However, for a bicycle transmission, a speed multiplication is desired. Thus by sequentially engaging each of the planets so that each planet drives the sun gear when that planet has highest angular velocities in a direction opposite to the carrier rotation, a speed multiplication is accomplished. By using four planets, as shown in FIG. 3, and sequentially engaging each planet for substantially a quarter of a revolution when each planet has highest angular velocities opposite to the carrier, a multiplied and substantially constant output speed is obtained.
Retained in a groove cut into the gear teeth on the planets 56' is a ring 74' of resilient material upon which the planets 56' noiselessly ride when not engaged with the sun gear 46'. Several means are provided to engage a planet over the desired driving quadrant, whereas disengagement tends to occur spontaneously as a planet leaves the driving quadrant because the planet and sun gear velocities are forced to become disparate.
One engagement means is to mount the transmission 200 with the rotational plane of the carrier 36' oriented vertically and with the geometric center of the cam plate axle 82' displaceable to maximum eccentricity to the left of the spindle 12'. With the carrier 36' rotating clockwise as seen in FIG. 10, and the crank pins 76' arranged to trail their respective planet axles 54', a planet 56' therefore rotates counterclockwise at maximum velocity when at the top of the carrier 36'. This is the center of the quadrant over which it is desired to have a planet drive the sun gear for the bicycle application. The slots for the planet axles are oriented so that as a planet enters the desired driving quadrant, gravity can bring the planet toward the sun gear. Moreover, with the crank pins arranged to follow the planet axles, the reactant cam force on the follower pushes the planet toward the sun gear as a planet enters the desired driving quadrant. Also, the frictional drag on the rim of the planet produced by the sun gear acts to pivot the planet about its crank pin into engagement with the sun gear. Additionally, springs 204 may be provided to urge the planets 56' against the sun gear 46'.
Any of the means already described for adjusting the cam channel eccentricity may be used to vary the speed and torque ratios of this embodiment. Yet another means, which automatically adjusts the cam channel eccentricity as a function of the torque applied across the transmission, equally applicable to both embodiments, is shown in FIG. 11. A U-bracket 144' is mounted to the cam plate axle 82 and pivotally attached to a link 150' which in turn is pivotally attached to the plunger 206 of a dashpot 208. The dashpot 208 is fixedly mounted on any convenient rigid member of the bicycle frame.
The plunger 206 is loaded by a spring 210 so that as the cam plate axle 82' is moved from maximum to low eccentricity, an increasingly resistant force is applied. When a follower is turning a planet at highest velocities counter to the carrier velocity, the follower applies the highest forces experienced by the cam channel 84, in a direction from the center of the cam channel to the center of the follower. The center of the large cylindrical surface of the pivot hub 30, which is the effective pivot point for the cam plate axle 82, is offset from the line of action of the follower force so that the cam plate axle 82 is urged to pivot toward zero eccentricity. In operation, as the bicycle begins to climb a hill for instance, the output torque requirement increases and a greater force is applied by the followers against the cam channel. If the cyclist continues to pedal at the same rate, this increased force is balanced by the shifting of the cam plate axle 82 against the spring to lesser eccentricity. The decreased speed multiplication and increased torque multiplication of the transmission allow the cyclist to pedal at the same input torque as previously used, but, of course, with reduced output speed. Proper selection of the spring 210 will allow a cyclist to pedal at his optimum speed and torque while the transmission automatically adjusts to meet varying output torque requirements. The dashpot 208 is provided to prevent the transmission 200 from cyclically responding to the variable torque applied by the cyclist to the foot pedals during a revolution of the foot crank.
Although four planet gears have been shown in the drawings and mentioned in the description, the number used depends on the particular requirements of the application. In the case, for instance, where a single cylinder engine is employed to drive the transmission, a single planet, engaging the output gear during the power stroke of the engine may be used in conjunction with a flywheel for providing motion for the parasitic strokes .
Claims
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as novel and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A stepless variable stroke drive comprising: a carrier housing journaled on a spindle for rotation about the axis of the spindle, said carrier being operatively connected to means for rotatably driving said carrier; at least one crank ring mounted in the carrier for rotation about an axis radially offset from the axis of the spindle, said crank ring having a follower rotatably mounted on a pin extending outward therefrom; a cam plate mounted on the spindle for selective pivotal movement through various positions of eccentricity relative to the axis of the spindle; cam channel constructed on said cam plate in a position to receive the crank follower and to cause the crank ring to angularly oscillate with an amplitude which varies directly proportional to the cam channel eccentricity when the carrier is rotated; means connected to the cam plate to selectively vary the eccentric position thereof; first means operatively connected to the crank ring for selectively transmitting the angular motion thereof; second means operatively connected to the carrier and the crank ring transmitting means to receive motion thereof and to transmit the summation of the motions of said carrier and said crank ring; and an output mechanism operatively connected to the second transmitting means.
2. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 1 wherein a plurality of crank rings are mounted on the carrier radially offset from the axis of the spindle and angularly spaced thereon; said crank rings being operatively associated with an equal plurality of first and second transmitting means.
3. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 1 wherein the second transmitting means comprises: a planet gear mounted on the carrier for rotation about an axis radially offset from the axis of the spindle, said gear having teeth constructed on its outer periphery for engagement with the output mechanism, said planet gear also being constructed with an annular channel adapted to receive the crank ring for rotation about the axis of said planet gear and operatively connected to the first transmitting means for receiving the motion transmitted thereby.
4. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 3 wherein the first transmitting means comprises: ratchet teeth constructed in the outer wall of the planet gear channel; and a plurality of pawls mounted on the crank ring for engagement with the ratchet teeth during selected portions of the angular motion of the crank ring.
5. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 3 wherein the output mechanism comprises: a sun gear mounted for rotation on the spindle and positioned to operatively engage the planet gear.
6. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 5 wherein the output mechanism further comprises a hub mounted on the spindle and operatively connected to the sun gear through a clutch.
7. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 1 wherein the cam plate is mounted on the spindle by means comprising: a cylindrical hub mounted on the spindle axis, the center axis of said hub being offset from the spindle axis; and journal means mounted on the cylindrical surface of the hub and adapted to receive the cam plate for pivotal motion about the center axis of the hub, the center axis of said cam plate being offset from the center axis of the hub and from the spindle axis such that, by pivoting the cam plate on the hub, the distance that the center axis of the cam plate is offset from the spindle axis is varied.
8. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 7 wherein the journal means comprises a cylindrical cam plate axle mounted on the cylindrical surface of the hub for pivotal motion about the center axis of the hub, the center axis of said plate axle being offset from the center axis of the hub and from the center axis of the spindle such that, by pivoting the plate axle on the hub, the distance that the center axis of the cam plate axle is offset from the spindle is varied, said plate axle being adapted to receive the cam plate for free concentric rotation thereon.
9. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 7 wherein the distance that the center axis of the hub is offset from the spindle axis is equal to the distance that the center axis of the cam plate is offset from the center axis of the hub, thereby allowing the center axis of the cam plate to be moved in an arc from a concentric position with respect to the spindle axis to eccentric positions with respect to the spindle axis.
10. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 7 wherein the means for varying the eccentric positon of the cam plate comprises: a first cable attached to the cam plate at one end and being spring biased at its other end to exert a pivotal force on the cam plate tending to maintain the cam plate in the concentric position; and a second cable fixed to said cam plate at one end and to an actuating lever at its other end, actuation of said lever exerting a pivotal force on the cam plate tending to pivot the cam plate about the center axis of the hub and vary the eccentric position of the cam plate with respect to the spindle axis.
11. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 10 wherein the actuating lever comprises: a support bracket having a cylindrical hub extending therefrom; a support plate mounted for pivotal movement on the hub of the support bracket and having an arm extending radially outward therefrom; an actuating arm pivotally attached to the extension arm of the support plate to extend radially inward and outward therefrom; said arm being constructed with a rounded locking surface at its radially innermost end; a locking plate journaled on the hub of the support bracket adjacent to the support plate, said locking plate having a generally rounded surface extending radially outward to engage the locking surface of the actuating arm; resilient means operatively engaging the actuating arm to urge said arm in locking engagement with the locking plate; and a drum mounted on the hub of the support bracket for rotation with the support plate; said drum adapted to receive the cable about its circumference to cause retraction or extension of the cable as the drum is rotated.
12. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 7 wherein the means for varying the eccentricity of the cam track comprises: a support housing mounted on the spindle; a pinion gear mounted for rotation within the housing and having a cylindrical portion extending axially therefrom, said cylindrical portion having an axially oriented concentric receptacle constructed with interior threads; a threaded shaft engaged in the receptacle of the pinion gear and extending axially outward therefrom, said shaft being connected to the cam plate so that axial movement of the shaft causes pivotal movement of the cam plate on the hub; an axle mounted for rotation in the housing about an axis transverse to the axis of the pinion gear, said axle adapted to receive an input member for rotation thereon; first and second bevel gears mounted for rotation on the axle and positioned to engage opposite sides of the pinion gear, so that, when the first bevel gear drives the pinion gear, the threaded shaft extends and, when the second bevel gear drives the pinion gear, the threaded shaft retracts; inner and outer clutch races separately mounted for rotation on the axle and each constructed with axially extending radially spaced opposing flanges, said inner race connected to the first bevel gear for rotation therewith and said outer race connected to the second bevel gear for rotation therewith, and a centrifugal ring element constructed to radially expand or contact proportionally to speed, mounted on the input member for rotation therewith, said ring extending into the space between the flanges of the inner and outer clutch races and radially positioned therein to engage the inner race at relatively low rotational speeds and to engage the outer race at relatively high rotational speeds.
13. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 7 wherein the means for varying the eccentric position of the cam plate comprises: a yoke fixed to the cam plate at a position radially spaced from the pivot axis thereof and having an arm extending tangentially outward from the cam plate; a connecting link pivotally connected to the outer end of the yoke arm; and a spring biased piston and cylinder means, the piston shaft of which being pivotally connected to the connecting link, said spring exerting a force on the piston which tends to pivot the cam plate to greater eccentricity and being selected to balance the normal torque tending to pivot the cam plate toward concentricity caused by the interaction between the follower and the cam plate and to expand or retract in response to changes in said torque.
14. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 1 wherein the means to rotatably drive the carrier housing comprises: a toothed sprocket fixed to the carrier housing for rotation therewith; a rotating pedal driven crank; and a chain operatively connecting the crank to the sprocket.
15. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 1 wherein the second transmitting means comprises a set of gear teeth fixed to the outer circumference of the crank ring for engagement with the output mechanism.
16. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 15 wherein the first transmitting means comprises mounting means constructed in the carrier to support the crank ring for limited radial sliding movement, said movement allowing the crank ring to engage and disengage the output mechanism during selected portions of the angular motion of the crank ring.
17. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 16 wherein the mounting means comprises an axle constructed to support the crank ring for rotary motion about the axis thereof, said axle being mounted in a slot on the carrier for limited radial sliding movement thereon, said slot being constructed to allow the crank ring to engage and disengage the output mechanism during selected portions of the angular motion of the crank ring as the carrier rotates.
18. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 17 further comprising resilient means engaging the axle to urge the crank ring into engagement with the output mechanism.
19. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 16 wherein the output mechanism comprises: a sun gear mounted for rotation on the spindle and positioned to operatively engage the teeth of the crank ring.
20. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 19 wherein the ouput mechanism further comprises a hub mounted on the spindle and operatively connected to the sun gear through a clutch.
21. A stepless variable stroke drive for a bicycle, said bicycle having a frame which includes front and rear forks adapted to receive wheel axes comprising: a spindle mounted on the rear axle fork; a carrier housing journaled on the spindle for rotation about the axis of the spindle; a toothed sprocket fixed to the carrier housing for rotation therewith; at least one crank ring mounted in the carrier for rotation about an axis radially offset from the axis of the spindle, said crank having a follower rotatably mounted on a pin extending outward therefrom; a cam plate mounted on the spindle for selective pivotal movement through various positions of eccentricity relative to the axis of the spindle, a cam channel constructed on said cam plate in a position to receive the crank follower and to cause the crank ring to angularly oscillate with an amplitude which varies directly proportional with the cam channel eccentricity when the carrier is rotated; means connected to the cam plate to selectively vary the eccentric position thereof; first means operatively connected to the crank ring for selectively transmitting the angular motion thereof; second means operatively connected to the carrier and the crank ring transmitting means to receive the motions thereof and to transmit the summation of the motions of said carrier and said crank ring; an output mechanism operatively connected to the second transmitting means; a hub mounted for rotation on the spindle and operatively connected to the output mechanism, said hub adapted to receive and support a bicycle wheel for rotation therewith; a pedal driven crank rotatably mounted on the bicycle frame, forward of the rear fork, for actuation by the operator; and a chain operatively connecting the crank to the sprocket.
22. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 21 wherein a plurality of crank rings are mounted on the carrier radially offset from the axis of the spindle and angularly spaced thereon; said crank rings being operatively associated with an equal plurality of first and second transmitting means.
23. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 21 wherein the second transmitting means comprises: a planet gear mounted on the carrier for rotation about an axis radially offset from the axis of the spindle, said gear having teeth constructed on its outer periphery for engagement with the output mechanism, said planet gear also being constructed with an annular channel adapted to receive the crank ring for rotation about the axis of said planet gear and operatively connected to the first transmitting means for receiving the motion transmitted thereby.
24. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 23 wherein the first transmitting means comprises: ratchet teeth constructed in the outer wall of the planet gear channel; and a plurality of pawls mounted on the crank ring for engagement with the ratchet teeth during selected portions of the angular motion of the crank ring.
25. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 23 wherein the output mechanism comprises: a sun gear mounted for rotation on the spindle and positioned to operatively engage the planet gear.
26. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 25 wherein the hub is operatively connected to the sun gear by a clutch.
27. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 21 wherein the second transmitting means comprises a set of gear teeth fixed to the outer circumference of the crank ring for engagement with the output mechanism.
28. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 27 wherein the first transmitting means comprises mounting means constructed in the carrier to support the crank ring for limited radial sliding movement, said movement allowing the crank ring to engage and disengage the output mechanism during selected portions of the angular motion of the crank ring.
29. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 28 wherein the mounting means comprises an axle constructed to support the crank ring for rotary motion about the axis thereof, said axle being mounted in a slot on the carrier for limited radial sliding movement thereon, said slot being constructed to allow the crank ring to engage and disengage the output mechanism during selected portions of the angular motion of the crank ring as the carrier rotates.
30. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 29 further comprising resilient means engaging the axle to urge the crank ring into engagement with the output mechanism.
31. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 28 wherein the output mechanism comprises: a sun gear mounted for rotation on the spindle and positioned to operatively engage the teeth of the crank ring.
32. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 31 wherein the hub is operatively connected to the sun gear by a clutch.
33. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 21 wherein the cam plate is mounted on the spindle by means comprising: a cylindrical hub mounted on the spindle axis, the center axis of said hub being offset from the spindle axis; and journal means mounted on the cylindrical surface of the hub and adapted to receive the cam plate for pivotal motion about the center axis of the hub, the center axis of said cam plate being offset from the center axis of the hub and from the spindle axis such that, by pivoting the cam plate on the hub, the distance that the center axis of the cam plate is offset from the spindle axis is varied.
34. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 33 wherein the journal means comprises a cylindrical cam plate axle mounted on the cylindrical surface of the hub for pivotal motion about the center axis of the hub, the center axis of said plate axle being offset from the center axis of the hub and from the center axis of the spindle such that, by pivoting the plate axle on the hub, the distance that the center axis of the cam plate axle is offsef from the spindle is varied, said plate axle being adapted to receive the cam track for free concentric rotation thereon.
35. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 33 wherein the distance that the center axis of the hub is offset from the spindle axis is equal to the distance that the center axis of the cam plate is offset from the center axis of the hub, thereby allowing the center axis of the cam plate to be moved in an arc from a concentric position with respect to the spindle axis and to eccentric positions with respect to the spindle axis.
36. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 33 wherein the means for varying the eccentric position of the cam plate comprises: a first cable attached to the cam plate at one end and being spring biased at its other end to exert a pivotal force on the cam plate tending to maintain the cam plate in the concentric position; and a second cable fixed to said cam plate at one end and to an actuating lever at its other end, actuation of said lever exerting a pivotal force on the cam plate tending to pivot the cam plate about the center axis of the hub and vary the eccentric position of the cam plate with respect to the spindle axis.
37. A stepless variable stroke drive comprising: a carrier housing having a substantially circular cross section journaled on a spindle for rotation about the axis of the spindle, said carrier being operatively connected to means for rotatably driving said carrier; a set of four crank rings mounted in the carrier for rotation about an axis radially offset from the axis of the spindle, each of said crank rings having a follower extending outward therefrom and said rings being spaced at substantially ninety degree intervals about the cross section of the carrier; a cam plate mounted on the spindle for selective pivotal movement through various positions of eccentricity relative to the axis of the spindle; cam channel constructed on said cam plate in a position to receive each of the crank ring followers to cause the crank ring to angularly oscillate with an amplitude which varies directly proportional to the cam plate eccentricity when the carrier is rotated; means connected to the cam plate to selectively vary the eccentric position thereof; first means operatively connected to the crank rings for selectively transmitting the angular motion thereof; second means operatively connected to the carrier and the crank ring transmitting means to receive the motions thereof and to transmit the summation of the motions of said carrier and said crank rings; and an output mechanism operatively connected to the second transmitting means.
38. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 37 wherein the second transmitting means comprises: a set of four planet gears mounted on the carrier at substantially ninety degree intervals for rotation about an axis radially offset from the axis of the spindle, said gears having teeth constructed on their outer periphery for engagement with the output mechanism, said planet gears also being constructed with an annular channel adapted to receive the crank rings for rotation about the axis of said planet gears and operatively connected to the first transmitting means for receiving the motion transmitted thereby.
39. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 38 wherein the first transmitting means comprises: ratchet teeth constructed in the outer wall of each planet gear channel; and a plurality of pawls mounted on each crank ring for engagement with the ratchet teeth during selected portions of the angular motion of the crank rings.
40. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 38 wherein the output mechanism comprises: a sun gear mounted for rotation on the spindle and positioned to operatively engage the planet gears.
41. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 40 wherein the output mechanism further comprises a hub mounted on the spindle and operatively connected to the sun gear through a clutch.
42. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 37 wherein the cam plate is mounted on the spindle by means comprising: a cylindrical hub mounted on the spindle axis, the center axis of said hub being offset from the spindle axis; and journal means mounted on the cylindrical surface of the hub and adapted to receive the cam plate for pivotal motion about the center axis of the hub, the center axis of said cam plate being offset from the center axis of the hub and from the spindle axis such that, by pivoting the cam plate on the hub, the distance that the center axis of the cam plate is offset from the spindle axis is varied.
43. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 42 wherein the journal means comprises a cylindrical cam plate axle mounted on the cylindrical surface of the hub for pivotal motion about the center axis of the hub, the center axis of said plate axle being offset from the center axis of the hub and from the center axis of the spindle such that, by pivoting the plate axle on the hub, the distance that the center axis of the cam plate is offset from the spindle is varied, said plate axle being adapted to receive the cam plate for free concentric rotation thereon.
44. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 42 wherein the distance that the center axis of the hub is offset from the spindle axis is equal to the distance that the center axis of the cam plate is offset from the center axis of the hub, thereby allowing the center axis of the cam plate to be moved in an arc from a concentric position with respect to the spindle axis and to eccentric positions with respect to the spindle axis.
45. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 42 wherein the means for varying the eccentric position of the cam plate comprises: a first cable attached to the cam plate at one end and being spring biased at its other end to exert a pivotal force on the cam plate tending to maintain the cam plate in the concentric position; and a second cable fixed to said cam plate at one end and to an actuating lever at its other end, actuation of said lever exerting a pivotal force on the cam plate tending to pivot the cam plate about the center axis of the hub and vary the eccentric position of the cam plate with respect to the spindle axis.
46. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 37 wherein the means to rotatably drive the carrier housing comprises: a toothed sprocket fixed to the carrier housing for rotation therewith; a rotating pedal driven crank; and a chain operatively connecting the crank to the sprocket.
47. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 37 wherein the second transmitting means comprises a set of gear teeth fixed to the outer circumference of each crank ring for engagement with the output mechanism.
48. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 47 wherein the first transmitting means comprises mounting means constructed in the carrier to support each crank ring for limited radial sliding movement, said movement allowing the crank rings to engage and disengage the output mechanism during selected portions of the angular motion of each crank ring.
49. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 48 wherein the mounting means comprises an axle constructed to support each crank ring for rotary motion about the axis thereof, said axles being mounted in a slot on the carrier for limited radial sliding movement thereon, said slot being constructed to allow the crank rings to engage and disengage the output mechanism during selected portions of the angular motion of each crank ring as the carrier rotates.
50. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 47 further comprising resilient means engaging the axles to urge the crank rings into engagement with the output mechanism.
51. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 48 wherein the output mechanism comprises: a sun gear mounted for rotation on the spindle and positioned to operatively engage the teeth of the crank ring.
52. A stepless variable stroke drive as described in claim 51 wherein the output mechanism further comprises a hub mounted on the spindle and operatively connected to the sun gear through a clutch.
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