US 4,172,291 AGrant
Preset Circuit for Information Storage Devices
Issue Date:1979-10-23
•21 Claims
•5 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An electronic circuit for simultaneously erasing all the information stored in an electronic information storage device and entering a predetermined new pattern of information into the storage device contains one or more of bistable semiconductor cells with an additional transistor current-conducting region included on a predetermined side of each cell. The additional current-conducting regions in the cells along each word row are coupled to an additional word line which connects to a current switch for the row. At an appropriate pulse signal, the current switch activates to switch row current temporarily from the standard current-source word line, which conducts holding current to the row during normal operation, to the additional word line, thereby erasing the old data and entering the new information.
Metadata
Assignee
- Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corp.
Inventors
- William K. Owens
- Steven R. Kahermanes
Application Information
Application Number:US 931637&
Filing Date:1978-08-07
Priority Date:1978-08-07
Art Unit:235
Classifications
IPC:
G11C 1140G11C 1126
Field of Search:
36530794-105;154;189;179;218;230238;279
Patent Drawings (5 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to electronic information storages devices containing bistable cells and in particular to semiconductor circuits for simultaneously erasing all the information stored in the bistable cells of such devices and entering a predetermined new pattern of information into the cells.
2. Prior Art
In some prior art cellular information storage devices, each cell in the device has to be addressed sequentially to erase the information stored in the device so that a new operation can be initiated with either a clean slate or a predetermined pattern of information. This technique is unduly time consuming.
More recently, electronic circuits have come into use in which all the information stored in the cells of an information storage device is simultaneously erased and then simultaneously replaced with a predetermined new pattern of information. The term "set" refers to the entering or writing of "1's" or high logic states into the storage device. The term "reset" refers to the writing of "0's" or low logic states into the storage device. In certain of the more recent circuits, either "set" or "reset" states, or a combination thereof, may be introduced simultaneously into a storage device. That is, the new pattern of information entered into the storage device may consist of all "0's" or all "1's" or a predetermined combination of "1's" and "0's."
An example of the more recent circuits is disclosed by G. W. Brown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,035,784, "Asymmetrical Memory Cell Arrangement," assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Brown employs an arrangement of asymmetrical memory cells in which the leading edge of a pulse causes all the memory cells to be deselected--i.e., not addressed--by diverting all the bit-line and cell-sustaining word-line currents away from each memory cell. During the trailing edge of the pulse, the word-line current then flows through a predetermined side of each cell to establish a desired logic state in the cell. The predetermined side of the cell is determined by the asymmetrical nature of the transistor emitters in each of the Brown cells.
To create the desired logic state in each cell in the Brown circuit, the word-line current resulting from the trailing edge of the pulse must be established before the bit-line current is reestablished in each cell. This makes the Brown device sensitive to race conditions. It is also sensitive to device-leakage currents.
As another example, R. S. Dunn et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,833, "Associative Memory Circuit," disclose the use of multiple-emitter transistors in a memory circuit.
Summary of the Invention
In accordance with this invention, an electronic circuit for simultaneously erasing all the present data contained in an electronic information storage device and entering a predetermined new pattern of information into the storage device utilizes a plurality of bistable semiconductor cells with an additional transistor current-conducting region included on either the left-hand side or the right-hand side of each cell. In a preferred embodiment, the current-conducting regions are bipolar transistor emitters.
Holding current is conducted to each cell along a row during normal operation through a standard current-source word line for the row. The additional current-conducting regions in the cells along each row are coupled to an additional word line which connects to a current switch for the row.
At an appropriate pulse signal, the current switch activates to divert row current temporarily from the standard current-source word line to the additional word line, causing the old data to be erased and the new information bits to be entered. When holding current is restored to the cells, the new pattern of information remains in the storage device.
The predetermined information bit for each cell is defined by the side of the cell on which the additional current-conducting region is located. With appropriate patterning--i.e., fabricating the additional current-conducting region on the left-hand side in some cells and on the right-hand side in other cells--the predetermined pattern of information may consist of a group of all "0's" or a group of all "1's" or a selected combination of "0's" and "1's." The capability to enter any desired pattern of "0's" and "1's" simultaneously into a storage device is termed a "preset" capability since it combines "set" and "reset" capabilities.
In the present circuit, only the leading edge of the pulse is employed for erasing the old information in the cells and entering the predetermined new pattern of information. The trailing edge of the pulse is immaterial to the operation of the present circuit. Consequently, with respect to this pulse, race conditions do not exist in the present circuit. Furthermore, by using a separate word line for entering the new information bits into the cells along a row, the present circuit is largely insensitive to device-leakage currents.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a memory array used with an embodiment of the circuitry of the present invention.
FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, and 2f are circuit diagrams of a typical word-line driver, a typical word-line address circuitry, a typical bit-line current source, a typical bit-line address circuitry, a typical sense amplifier, and a typical signal translator employed with the memory array of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a topographical view of a memory cell used in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 4a and 4b are cross-sectional views, partly schematic, of portions of the memory cell shown in FIG. 3.
Like reference numbers are employed in the drawings to represent the same item or items in the drawings and in the description of the preferred embodiments.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
In accordance with the present invention, an electronic circuit is disclosed for simultaneously erasing all the data stored in an electronic information storage device and entering a predetermined new pattern of data into the storage device. The circuitry for the invention will be described with reference to an M by N array of memory cells, where M and N are positive integers, and N is greater than one. Use of a rectangular storage array is for illustrative purposes only. Other types of storage arrays, such as, for example, linear arrays or arrays of any other operative configuration, may be used with the invention.
The invention will also be described utilizing a single-port bistable random-access memory cell. Use of such a cell is also for illustrative purposes only. The invention may be used with other types of bistable cells, such as, for example, multi-port random-access memory cells, associative memory cells, or shift register cells.
In the following description "preset operation" refers to simultaneously erasing all the present data in the memory array and entering the selected new pattern of information. "Standard operation" or "normal operation" is the complement of preset operation--i.e., "standard operation" refers to the operation of the array at times other than when the array is being operated in the preset mode.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the circuitry employed in this invention. The memory array comprises M rows of cells and N columns of cells. The cells in any word row X are labeled 10.sub.X1, 10.sub.X2, . . . 10.sub.XY, . . . 10.sub.XN, where "X" is the number of the row. X varies from 1 to M. The cells in any bit column Y are labeled 10.sub.1Y, 10.sub.2Y, . . . 10.sub.XY, . . . 10.sub.MY, where "Y" is the number of the column. Y varies from 1 to N. "X" is thus indicative of the word-line circuitry, and "Y" is indicative of the bit-line circuitry.
An arbitrary cell in the matrix is labeled 10.sub.XY. In describing an arbitrary cell 10.sub.XY in the matrix, the subscript "XY" will often be dropped, and the cell will simply be referred to as cell 10. The components of an arbitrary cell 10 will be described without the subscript "XY."
A typical memory cell 10 is formed in a bistable flip-flop configuration using a pair of cross-coupled multiple-emitter transistors T20 and T30. The base 21 of left-hand transistor T20 is coupled to the collector 32 of transistor T30. The base 31 of right-hand transistor T30 is coupled to the collector 22 of transistor T20. The terms "left-hand" and "right-hand" are used solely for the purpose of orientation with respect to the drawings. Resistor R27 is coupled between collector 22 of transistor T20 and circuit point 11. Similarly, resistor R37 is coupled between collector 32 of transistor T30 and circuit point 11. Circuit point 11 is coupled to upper word line 14.sub.X. Line 14.sub.X may alternatively be termed upper word-line conductor 14.sub.X.
Emitter 23 of transistor T20 and emitter 33 of transistor T30 are coupled to circuit point 12 and then through resistor R13 to standard current-source word line 16.sub.X. In some embodiments, resistor R13 may be omitted. Line 16.sub.X may alternatively be termed standard current-source word-line conductor 16.sub.X.
Emitter 24 of transistor T20 is coupled to bit line 17.sub.Y. Emitter 34 of transistor T30 is coupled to bit line 18.sub.Y. Lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y may also be called bit-line conductors 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y, respectively.
Cell 10 operates in a bistable mode. Ignoring leakage currents, current flows through either transistor T20 or transistor T30, but not through both transistors T20 and T30, during normal operation. To illustrate the invention, it is arbitrarily defined that cell 10 is in the low logic or "0" state when left-hand transistor T20 is conducting and right-hand transistor T30 is shut off. Correspondingly, cell 10 is in the high-logic or "1" state when right-hand transistor T30 is conducting and left-hand transistor T20 is not conducting. Opposite definitions could as well be adopted.
Emitter 25 is an additional emitter included in memory cell 10. As indicated in FIG. 1, emitter 25 is coupled through resistor R26 to additional word line 15.sub.X. In some embodiments, resistor R26 may be omitted. Line 15.sub.X may alternatively be termed additional word-line conductor 15.sub.X.
For illustrative purposes, emitter 25 is shown as part of transistor T20 on the left-hand side of cell 10. With emitter 25 located as shown in FIG. 1, cell 10 goes into the "0" state when preset operation is initiated. However, emitter 25 could also be formed as part of transistor T30 on the right-hand side of cell 10. In this case, cell 10 would go into the "1" state when preset operation is initiated. Thus, a "0" can be written into cell 10 by having emitter 25 as part of the left-hand transistor T20, and a "1" can be written into cell 10 by having emitter 25 as part of the right-hand transistor T30. With emitter 25 as part of the left-hand transistor T20 in some cells and part of the right-hand transistor T30 in other cells, any combination of "0's" and "1's" can be written into the array.
Cell 10 is asymmetrical in that additional emitter 25 is included on one side of cell 10. Aside from this asymmetry, the two sides of cell 10 may otherwise be substantially identical. Alternatively, further asymmetries may be introduced into cell 10, as desired, to meet requirements separate from those disclosed herein.
All the cells 10.sub.X1, 10.sub.X2, . . . 10.sub.XY . . . 10.sub.XN in row X are coupled to upper word line 14.sub.X, to standard current-source word line 16.sub.X, and to additional word line 15.sub.X as described above for arbitrary cell 10. Similarly, all the cells 10.sub.1Y, 10.sub.2Y, . . . 10.sub.XY, . . . 10.sub.MY in column Y are coupled to bit line 17.sub.Y and to bit-line 18.sub.Y as described above for arbitrary cell 10.
Standard current-source word line 16.sub.X and additional word line 15.sub.X are connected to current-switch 40.sub.X. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, there is one current switch 40.sub.X for each row. In some embodiments, there may be more than one current switch 40.sub.X for each row. For simplicity, the subscript "X" will often be dropped in describing the circuitry of current switch 40.sub.X.
With respect to current switch 40, standard current-source word line 16.sub.X is coupled to the collector of current-source transistor T44. The emitter of transistor T44 is coupled to circuit point 42 and then through resistor R43 to voltage source V.sub.EE. In one embodiment, supply voltage V.sub.EE is approximately -4.5 volts. The base of transistor T44 is coupled to current-source reference voltage V.sub.CS. In one embodiment current-source reference voltage V.sub.CS is about -3.2 volts. During normal operation, the V.sub.CS signal is continuously supplied to the base of transistor T44 while power is supplied to the circuit. This provides a cell-sustaining current through standard current-source word line 16.sub.X to cell 10.
Additional word line 15.sub.X is coupled to the collector of transistor T41. The emitter of transistor 41 is coupled to circuit point 42 and, as with the emitter of transistor T44, through resistor R43 to voltage source V.sub.EE. The base of transistor T41 is coupled to line 45.sub.X, which conveys the signal for initiating preset operation to current switch 40.
Lines 45.sub.1 . . . 45.sub.M leading to all corresponding current switches 40.sub.1 . . . 40.sub.M are coupled through line 102 to signal translator 100. Signal translator 100 modifies the pulse signal for initiating preset operation that enters signal translator 100 through line 101 to convert the entering signal into a form suitable for use in the circuit.
Line 101 connects to a pulse signal generator, which is not shown, for producing an appropriate pulse to initiate preset operation. Signal generators suitable for supplying such pulse signals are well known in the art and, consequently, are not described in detail herein.
The pulse for initiating preset operation may typically be a standard square-wave pulse having a pulse width of about 3.5 nanoseconds. Pulses of other shapes will suffice as long as the pulse amplitude stays above an appropriate level for the entire pulse width.
Upper word line 14.sub.X is coupled to word driver 50.sub.X which is in turn coupled to word-line address circuitry 60 by way of line 51.sub.X. Line 51.sub.X may consist of a plurality of lines. Circuitry 60 is also denominated X address circuitry 60. As shown in FIG. 1, all the upper word lines 14.sub.1 . . . 14.sub.M are coupled through the corresponding word drivers 50.sub.1 . . . 50.sub.M to X address circuitry 60. A row is addressed by supplying an X address signal to X address circuitry 60 which in turn supplies an appropriate word-driver signal through the appropriate word driver 50.sub.X to line 14.sub.X of the selected row.
Either X address circuitry 60 or Y address circuitry 80, which is discussed below, is coupled to signal translator 100. In some embodiments both the X address circuitry 60 and the Y address circuitry 80 may be coupled to signal translator 100. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
In X coupling 110, X address circuitry 60 is coupled through line 111 to the emitter of transistor T112. The base of transistor T112 is coupled by way of line 103 to signal translator 100. The collector of transistor T112 is coupled through double diode D113 to voltage source V.sub.CC. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, the leading cathode of double diode D113 is connected to the collector of coupling transistor T112, and the trailing anode is connected to voltage source V.sub.CC. In one embodiment, voltage source V.sub.CC is about zero volts.
Each bit column Y has a bit-line current source 70.sub.Y connected to bit lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y of the corresponding column for supplying bit-line current through bit lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y. The bit-line current sources 70.sub.Y may be interconnected to each other.
Bit lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y are connected to sense amplifier 90.sub.Y which is in turn coupled to bit-line address circuitry 80 by way of line 91.sub.Y. Line 91.sub.Y may consist of a plurality of lines. Circuitry 80 is also denominated Y address circuitry 80. As depicted in FIG. 1, all the bits lines 17.sub.1 . . . 17.sub.N and 18.sub.1 . . . 18.sub.N are coupled through the corresponding sense amplifiers 90.sub.1 . . . 90.sub.N to Y address circuitry 80. A column is addressed by supplying a Y address signal to the Y address circuitry 80 which in turn supplies appropriate signals through the appropriate sense amplifier 90.sub.Y to the bit lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y of the selected column. The sense amplifier 90.sub.Y senses which side of a cell 10.sub.XY, and thus which bit line 17.sub.Y or 18.sub.Y, is conducting current depending on the logic state in the cell 10.sub.XY.
In Y coupling 120, Y address circuitry 80 is coupled through line 121 to the emitter of transistor T122. The base of transistor T122 is coupled by way of line 104 to signal translator 100. The collector of transistor T122 is coupled through double diode D123 to voltage source V.sub.CC. In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, the leading cathode of double diode D123 is connected to the collector of coupling transistor T122, and the trailing anode is connected to voltage source V.sub.CC.
Circuitries for word driver 50.sub.X, word-line address circuitry 60, bit-line current source 70.sub.Y, bit-line address circuitry 80, sense amplifier 90.sub.Y, and signal translator 100 are all known in the art. Accordingly, no detailed word descriptions will be given for these items. However, to illustrate a standard type of memory array, typical circuitries are shown in schematic form in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, and 2f using standard symbols for the word driver 50, word-line address circuitry 60, bit-line current source 70.sub.Y, bit-line address circuitry 80, sense amplifier 90, and signal translator 100, respectively. Items V.sub.BB1 and V.sub.BB2 in these figures are additional voltage sources.
The circuitries shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, and 2f are utilized in "16 by 4 Read/Write Register File" manufactured by Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation and denoted by product number F100145. The operation of these circuitries is known in the prior art. In particular, see 1977 ECL Data Book, pages 11-39 through 11-42, issued by Fairchild Camera and instrument Corporation. These pages of this data book are specifically incorporated by reference herein.
The X address circuitry 60 shown in FIG. 2b includes a one-of-eight decoder connected to three X address buffers, of which only one of the X address buffers is coupled to signal translator 100. Observe that the X address circuitry 60 may utilize several read X address buffers and several write X address buffers with an X switching circuit to switch from the read mode to the write mode and vice versa. Both the read X address buffers and the write X address buffers may employ identical circuitries.
The Y address circuitry 80 shown in FIG. 2d utilizes a Y address buffer. As with the X address circuitry 60, the Y address circuitry 80 may include separate, but otherwise identical, read and write Y address buffers with an appropriate Y switching circuit. FIG. 2e shows two sense amplifiers 90.sub.Y coupled together to form a dual sense amplifier which is then coupled to two bit columns.
The circuitry shown in the drawings generally utilizes NPN bipolar transistors. The usage of transistors of the NPN type is for illustrative purposes only. PNP bipolar transistors may be used in place of some or all of the NPN transistors.
The emitter regions of bipolar transistors may be viewed as current-source conducting regions since they supply the current flowing through bipolar transistors. The collector regions receive the current from the emitter regions. Thus, they may be viewed as current-sink conducting regions.
Field-effect transistors may be substituted for the bipolar transistors generally depicted in the drawings. Where field-effect transistors are utilized, the terms "source," "gate," and "drain" should be substituted for the terms "emitter," "base," and "collector" respectively in the description herein.
In field-effect transistors, the sources supply current and thus may be viewed as the current-source conducting regions. The drains then are the current-sink conducting regions.
Methods for manufacturing the various components of the present invention are well known in the semiconductor art. The invention may be constructed with integrated circuits or with discrete components or with both.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention is fabricated according to techniques disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,648,125 on an invention of D. L. Peltzer entitled "Method of Fabricating Integrated Circuits with Oxidized Isolation and the Resulting Structure," assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The methods and structures disclosed therein and particularly in Columns 6-13 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,648,125, are specifically incorporated by reference herein. Certain of these techniques are also disclosed in a paper entitled "Subnanosecond ECL Gate Circuit using Isoplanar II," 1973 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (Feb. 14-16 1973, Univ. of Pa.), Digest of Technical Papers pp. 172-173, V. A. Dhaka, J. E. Muschinske, and W. K. Owens. This paper is specifically incorporated by reference herein.
FIG. 3 shows a plan view for a preferred embodiment of a typical cell 10.sub.XY constructed according to the above techniques. As indicated in FIG. 3, the components of transistor T20 are formed in one L-shaped portion of cell 10.sub.XY, and the components of transistor T30 are formed in another L-shaped portion of cell 10.sub.XY. In this embodiment, resistor R37 is integral with transistor T20 and resistor R27 is integral with transistor T30. Items 21C, 22C, 23C, 24C, 25C, 31C, 32C, 33C, and 34C are the conductor contacts to underlying base 21, collector 22, and emitters 23, 24, and 25 of transistor T20 and the conductor contacts to underlying base 31, collector 32, and emitters 33 and 34 of transistor T30. The electrical conductors joining the various cell components are shown schematically as interconnecting lines extending from these conductor contacts.
To illustrate specifically the techniques for fabricating the integrated circuits, transistors, resistors, and other components of the present invention, FIGS. 4a and 4b show cross-sectional views, partly perspective, of sections of cell 10.sub.XY shown in FIG. 3. In particular, FIGS. 4a and 4b display the features of transistor T20 and resistors R13 and R27. The cross-sections are taken through the planes indicated by the arrows in FIG. 13.
Conventional masking, etching, and cleaning techniques, which are well known in the prior art, are employed in creating the various P-type and N-type regions shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. To simplify the discussion, references to the masking, etching, cleaning, and other well known steps in the semiconductor art are omitted from the following discussion.
Boron is utilized as the P-type impurity for creating the various regions of P-type conductivity on a semiconductor wafer. Phosphorous, arsenic, and antimony are used selectively as the complementary N-type dopants in the wafer. Other appropriate impurities may be used in place of these dopants. In many of the diffusion steps below, the impurity may generally be introduced into the wafer alternatively by ion implantation methods.
The starting material is a silicon substrate 130 of P-type semiconductor material having a thickness indicated by item 131. The resistivity of substrate 130 is 10 to 20 ohm-centimeters. N+ buried layers 132a and 132b are formed in substrate 130 by diffusing an N-type impurity (antimony) into selected regions of substrate 130. The sheet resistance of buried layers 132a and 132b is about 30 to 40 ohms per square.
A P- epitaxial layer is then grown over substrate 130 and N+ buried layers 132a and 132b, typically by either the well known silane process or the well known dichlorosilane process. The original thickness of the P- epitaxial layer is indicated by item 133. The portions of the epitaxial layer remaining essentially unchanged after subsequent processing steps is indicated by items 134a, 134b, and 134c. The resistivity for the epitaxial layer is about 1 ohm-centimeter.
Oxide isolation regions 135 are then formed through the epitaxial layer and into buried layers 132a and 132b for electrically isolating selected portions of the wafer.
N+ region 139 is formed by diffusing an N-type impurity (phosphorous) all the way through a selected portion of the epitaxial layer so that N+ region 139 is contiguous with the corresponding portion of N+ buried layer 132a below N+ region 139. The sheet resistance of N+ region 139 is approximately 60 ohms per square. N+ region 139, in combination with the associated N+ region 132a, forms collector 22 for transistor T20.
An electrical insulation layer 136 of silicon nitride is formed on the wafer over the conducting regions and the oxide isolation regions 135. Other insulation materials may be used in addition to or as a substitute for silicon nitride. Holes are later cut through insulation layer 136 to permit subsequent diffusions.
N+ emitter regions 23, 24, and 25 are formed by diffusing an N-type impurity (arsenic) partway through selected portions of the epitaxial layer. The sheet resistance of N+ emitter regions 23, 24, and 25 is approximately 30 ohms per square.
P regions 140, R13, and R37 are formed as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b by diffusing the P-type impurity partway through selected potions of the epitaxial layer. P region 140 extends below emitter regions 23, 24, and 25. The sheet resistance of P regions 140, R13, and R27 is about 600 to 700 ohms per square. P region 140, in combination with P-region 134a, constitutes the base 21 for transistor T20.
A pattern of aluminum leads 138 is deposited over the holes and insulation layer 136 to connect the conducting regions in the desired manner.
All the transistors, resistors, and other components of the invention are fabricated in the manner described above for transistor T20 and resistors R13 and R27. Furthermore, semiconductor materials of opposite conductivity type to those described above may be employed to accomplish the same results.
In standard operation--i.e., not in the preset mode--at least one of the cells 10.sub.XY is normally addressed for either read or write operation. Selection--i.e., addressing the desired cell 10.sub.XY --involves manipulating the voltage potential of circuit point 11 of cell 10.sub.XY in comparison with a reference potential. A word driver signal is first supplied through the word driver 50.sub.X of the selected row X to line 14.sub.X of row X to raise the potential at circuit points 11 in the cells 10.sub.X1 . . . 10.sub.XN of row X. The other rows remain at the reference potential which is lower. The voltage potentials in the bit lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y of the selected column Y are then lowered so that either the base 21-emitter 24 junction of transistor T20 or the base 31-emitter 34 junction of transistor T30 of the selected cell 10.sub.XY is forward biased beyond the threshhold potential which is about 0.6 volt to 0.8 volt. Bit-line current then flows through either transistor T20 or transistor T30 permitting read or write operation.
In preset operation, all the cells 10.sub.XY are deselected and repatterned. Deselection means that no bit line current can flow through bit lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y into cell 10.sub.XY. This is accomplished by adjusting the voltage potentials across the base 21-emitter 24 junction of transistor T20 and the base 31-emitter 34 junction of transistor T30 so that current does not flow across these two base-emitter junctions. In particular, the two base-emitter junctions are either reverse biased or forward biased but below the threshhold potential. There are several ways for effecting deselection.
Consider what occurs in a single cell 10 where the X address circuitry 60 is coupled to signal translator 100. The signal for initiating preset operation is transmitted through X address circuitry 60, word driver 50, and upper word line 14.sub.X to lower the voltage potential at circuit point 11 to such a level that the base 21-emitter 24 junction of transistor T20 and the base 31-emitter 34 junction of transistor T30 are not forward biased beyond the thresshold potential. No bit-line current flows into cell 10, and cell 10 is thereby deselected.
Alternatively, Y address circuitry 80 may be coupled to signal translator 100 as described above. In this case, the signal is transmitted through Y address circuitry 80 and sense amplifier 90 to raise the potentials in bit lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y to such levels that the base 21-emitter 24 junction of transistor T20 and the base 31-emitter 34 junction of transistor T30 are either reversed biased or forward biased below the threshhold potential. This deselects cell 10.
To insure that cell 10 is deselected, both the X address circuitry 60 and the Y address circuitry 80 may be coupled to signal translator 100 as depicted in FIG. 1. In this situation, the pulse signal causes the potentials in the bit lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y to be raised and causes the potential at circuit point 11 to drop such that bit-line current does not flow into cell 10 to deselect cell 10.
Simultaneous with the deselection of cell 10, the pulse passes through lines 102 and 45.sub.X to current switch 40.sub.X. Previously, a high current had been flowing either through transistor T20 if cell 10 was in a "0" state or through transistor T30 if cell 10 was in a "1" state. The pulse now activates current switch 40.sub.X to interrupt the current flowing through standard current-source word line 16.sub.X. The current is temporarily diverted through additional word line 15.sub.X. This causes a high current to flow through emitter 25 and, in the case shown in FIG. 1, through left-hand transistor T20 to create a "0" state in cell 10.
The effect of the pulse is to remove the cell-sustaining current provided either to emitter 23 of transistor T20 or to emitter 33 of transistor T30 through standard current-source word line 16.sub.X depending on the present state of cell 10. The current flowing through emitter 25 of transistor T20 creates a low collector voltage in transistor T20. Since the collector 22 of transistor T20 is connected to the base 31 of transistor T30, the low collector voltage for transistor T20 causes a low base voltage for transistor T30, thereby acting to shut off transistor T30 irrespective of the state of transistor T30 before the pulse. This induces a high collector voltage on transistor T30, and, since transistor T30 is cross coupled by way of its collector 32 to the base 21 of transistor T20, there is a high base voltage on transistor T20, which acts to sustain the current travelling through transistor T20 during the pulse.
When the pulse is completed and current is restored through standard current-source word line 16.sub.X to cell 10, there is a high base voltage at transistor T20 and a low base voltage at transistor T30 remaining from the pulse. The higher base voltage across transistor T20 acts to keep transistor T20 turned on while current is being returned to standard current-source word line 16.sub.X. That is, the current flowing in transistor T20 resulting from the pulse creates a bias in favor of sustaining the conducting condition of transistor T20. The result is that, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, cell 10 latches in the "0" state with transistor T20 conducting and transistor T30 not conducting.
The preceding events occur in all of the cells 10.sub.XY during preset operation. Consequently, all of the old information bits in the cells 10.sub.XY of the memory array are simultaneously erased as the predetermined new pattern enters the memory array.
As the foregoing description of the circuit operation indicates, the circuit disclosed herein functions largely independently of the time of occurrence of the trailing edge of the pulse that presets the array. The only event that must occur before the pulse is completed is that the currents in bit-lines 17.sub.Y and 18.sub.Y must be diverted away from cell 10. In some prior art devices, the standard word-line current must be reestablished before the bit-line currents are reestablished at the end of the pulse. That is, there is a race between the two events in these prior art devices. Manufacturing deviations can sometimes cause the events to occur in the wrong order, thereby leading to a malfunction. In the present invention, it is immaterial when the bit-line currents are reestablished because the current flowing through the additional emitter 25 ensures that cell 10 will reach the desired logic state. In short, the circuit disclosed herein is not sensitive to race conditions.
For essentially the same reason, the present invention is not sensitive to device leakage currents. The current flowing through additional emitter 25 is high compared to leakage currents and negates their effect.
While the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, the description is solely for the purpose of illustration and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention claimed below. For example, mutli-port memories, associative memories, shift registers, or other types of information storage devices may be used with the invention in place of the single-port random-access memory utilized in the above description. Thus, various modifications, changes, and applications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the true scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electronic circuit for erasing an information bit stored in a bistable semiconductor cell and entering a predetermined new information bit into said cell, thereby to set said cell in a predetermined one of two possible states, wherein said cell includes two transistors arranged in a bistable configuration for information bit storage and wherein the state of said cell is sustainable by current provided from at least one current source through a standard current-source conductor to said cell, said electronic circuit comprising: an additional current-conducting region formed as part of a selected transistor of said two transistors, said predetermined new information bit being defined by the state of said cell when said selected transistor is conducting; an additional conductor coupled to said selected transistor through said additional current-conducting region; and a current switch coupled to said at least one current source and coupled to said conductors for switching current from said standard current-source conductor to said additional conductor at a signal supplied to said current switch from an external signal source, whereby said information bit is erased and said predetermined new information bit is entered in said cell.
2. An electronic circuit for erasing an information bit stored in a bistable semiconductor cell and entering a predetermined new information bit into said cell, thereby to set said cell in a predetermined one of two possible states, wherein said cell includes two transistors arranged in a bistable configuration for information bit storage, said electronic circuit comprising: an additional current-conducting region formed as part of a selected transistor of said two transistors, said predetermined new information bit being defined by the state of said cell when said selected transistor is conducting; a standard current-source conductor coupled to said two transistors for conducting current to said cell to sustain the state of said cell; an additional conductor coupled to said selected transistor through said additional current-conducting region; at least one current source for providing current either to said cell through said standard current-source conductor or to said selected transistor through said additional conductor; and a current switch coupled to said at least one current source and coupled to said conductors for switching current from said standard current-source conductor to said additional conductor at a signal supplied to said current switch from an external signal source, whereby said information bit is erased and said predetermined new information bit is entered in said cell.
3. An electronic circuit for information bit storage having a capability for erasing an information bit stored in said electronic circuit and entering a predetermined new information bit into said electronic circuit, said electronic circuit comprising: a bistable semiconductor cell having two transistors arranged in a bistable configuration, thereby to permit said cell to exist in one of two possible states; an additional current-conducting region formed as part of a selected transistor of said two transistors, said predetermined new information bit being defined by the state of said cell when said selected transistor is conducting; a standard current-source conductor coupled to said two transistors for conducting current to said cell to sustain the state of said cell; an additional conductor coupled to said selected transistor through said additional current-conducting region; and a current switch coupled to said conductors for switching current from said standard current-source conductor to said additional conductor at a signal supplied to said current switch from an external signal source, whereby said information bit is erased and said predetermined new information bit is entered in said cell.
4. An electronic circuit according to claim 3 and further including at least one current source coupled to said current switch for providing current either to said cell through said standard current-source conductor to to said selected transistor through said additional conductor.
5. An electronic circuit according to claim 1 or 4 wherein said two transistors are bipolar transistors and said additional current-conducting region is an emitter region.
6. An electronic circuit according to claim 5 wherein said current switch includes: a third bipolar transistor, the collector of said third transistor being connected to said additional conductor and the base of said third transistor being coupled to said external signal source; a fourth bipolar transistor, the collector of said fourth transistor being connected to said standard current-source conductor, the base of said fourth transistor being connected to a first current source of said at least one current source, and the emitter of said fourth transistor being connected to the emitter of said third transistor; and a resistor connected between a second current source of said at least one current source and the interconnected emitters of said third and fourth transistors.
7. An electronic circuit according to claim 5 wherein the bistable configuration for said two transistors of said cell is formed by: coupling the collector of said first transistor to the base of said second transistor; coupling the collector of said second transistor to the base of said first transistor; and coupling a first emitter of said first transistor to a first emitter of said second transistor.
8. An electronic circuit according to claim 5 wherein said two bipolar transistors are NPN transistors.
9. An electronic circuit according to claim 5 wherein said two bipolar transistors are PNP transistors.
10. An electronic circuit according to claim 6 wherein said third and fourth bipolar transistors are NPN transistors.
11. An electronic circuit according to claim 6 wherein said third and fourth bipolar transistors are PNP transistors.
12. An electronic circuit for information storage having a capability for simultaneously erasing the information contained in said electronic circuit and entering a predetermined new pattern of information into said electronic circuit, said electronic circuit comprising: a plurality of bistable semiconductor cells arranged in an array of M word rows and N bit columns, where M and N are positive integers and N is greater than one, each of said cells having two transistors arranged in a bistable configuration for information bit storage, thereby to permit each cell to exist in one of two possible states, and each cell having an additional current conducting region formed as part of a selected transistor of said two transistors in said cell, the predetermined new information bit in said cell being defined by the state of said cell when said selected transistor is conducting; M standard current-source word-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each standard current-source word-line conductor being coupled to the cells in the corresponding row for conducting current to the cells in said corresponding row to sustain the states of said cells in said corresponding row; M additional word-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each additional word-line conductor being coupled to said selected transistors in the cells of the corresponding row through the additional current-conducting regions in the cells of said corresponding row; and M current switches corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each current switch being coupled to the standard current-source word-line conductor for the corresponding row and being coupled to the additional word-line conductor for said corresponding row for switching current from said standard current-source word-line conductor for said corresponding row to said additional word-line conductor for said corresponding row at a signal supplied to said M current switches from an external signal source, whereby said information is erased from said cells and said predetermined new pattern of information is entered into said cells.
13. An electronic circuit according to claim 12 and further including at least one word-line current source coupled to said M current siwtches for providing current either to said cells through said M standard current-source word-line conductors or to said selected transistors through said M additional word-line conductors.
14. An electronic circuit for simultaneously erasing the information contained in an information storage device and entering a predetermined new pattern of information into said information storage device, wherein said information storage device includes: a plurality of bistable semiconductor cells arranged in an array of M word rows and N bit columns, where M and N are positive integers and N is greater than one, each of said cells having two transistors arranged in a bistable configuration for information bit storage, thereby to permit each cell to exist in one of two possible states, said two transistors being designated as a left-hand transistor and a right-hand transistor; M upper word-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each upper word-line conductor being coupled to the cells in the corresponding row; row-addressing means connected to said M upper word-line conductors for addressing at least one selected row; M standard current-source word-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each standard current-source word-line conductor being coupled to the cells in the corresponding row for conducting current to the cells in said corresponding row to sustain the states of said cells in said corresponding row; N left-hand bit-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said N columns, each left-hand bit-line conductor being coupled to the left-hand transistors in the cells of the corresponding column; N right-hand bit-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said N columns, each right-hand bit-line conductor being coupled to the right-hand transistors in the cells of the corresponding column; and column-addressing means connected to said 2N bit-line conductors for addressing at least one selected column; said electronic circuit comprising: a plurality of additional current-conducting regions corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said plurality of cells, each additional current-conducting region being formed as part of a selected transistor of said two transistors in each cell, the predetermined new information bit in each cell being defined by the state of said cell when said selected transistor in said cell is conducting; M additional word-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each additional word-line conductor being coupled to said selected transistors in the cells of the corresponding row through the additional current-conducting regions in the cells of said corresponding row; M current switches corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each current switch being coupled to the standard current-source word-line conductor for the corresponding row and being coupled to the additional word-line conductor for said corresponding row for switching current from said standard current-source word-line conductor for said corresponding row to said additional word-line conductor for said corresponding row; and signal means coupled to at least one of said row-addressing means and said column-addressing means and coupled to said M current switches for providing a signal to said M current switches to cause each current switch to switch current from the standard current-source word-line conductor for the corresponding row to the additional word-line conductor for said corresponding row, whereby said present information is erased from said cells and said predetermined new pattern of information is entered into said cells.
15. An electronic circuit for information storage having a capability for simultaneously erasing the present information contained in said electronic circuit and entering a predetermined new pattern of information into said electronic circuit, said electronic circuit comprising: a plurality of bistable semiconductor cells arranged in an array of M word rows and N bit columns, where M and N are positive integers and N is greater than one, each of said cells having two transistors arranged in a bistable configuration for information bit storage, thereby to permit each cell to exist in one of two possible states, said two transistors being designated as a left-hand transistor and a right-hand transistor, and each cell having an additional current conducting region formed as part of a selected transistor of said two transistors in said cell, the predetermined new information bit in said cell being defined by the state of said cell when said selected transistor is conducting; M upper word-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each upper word-line conductor being coupled to the cells in the corresponding row; row-addressing means connected to said M upper word-line conductors for addressing at least one selected row; M standard current-source word-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each standard current-source word-line conductor being coupled to the cells in the corresponding row for conducting current to the cells in said corresponding row to sustain the states of said cells in said corresponding row; N left-hand bit-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said N columns, each left-hand bit-line conductor being coupled to the left-hand transistors in the cells of the corresponding column; N right-hand bit-line conductors corresponding to a one-to-one basis to said N columns, each right-hand bit-line conductor being coupled to the right-hand transistors in the cells of the corresponding column; column-addressing means connected to said 2N bit-line conductors for addressing at least one selected column; M additional word-line conductors corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each additional word-line conductor being coupled to the selected transistors in the cells of the corresponding row through the additional current-conducting regions in the cells of said corresponding row; M current switches corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each current switch being coupled to the standard current-source word-line conductor for the corresponding row and being coupled to the additional word-line conductor for said corresponding row for switching current from said standard current-source word-line conductor for said corresponding row to said additional word-line conductor for said corresponding row; and signal means coupled to at least one of said row-addressing means and said column-addressing means and coupled to said M current switches for providing a signal to said M current switches to cause each current switch to switch current from the standard current-source word-line conductor for the corresponding row to the additional word-line conductor for said corresponding row, whereby said information is erased from said cells and said predetermined new pattern of information is entered into said cells.
16. An electronic circuit according to claim 14 or 15 and further including: at least one word-line current source coupled to said M current switches for providing current either to said cells through said M standard current-source word-line conductors or to said selected transistors through said M additional word-conductors; and at least one bit-line current source coupled to said 2N bit-line conductors for providing current through said 2N bit-line conductors to said cells.
17. An electronic circuit according to claim 14 or 15 wherein said signal means are coupled to both said row-addressing means and said column-addressing means.
18. An electronic circuit according to claim 14 or 15 wherein said two transistors in each of said cells are bipolar transistors and said additional current-conducting region in each of said cells is an emitter region.
19. An electronic circuit according to claim 18 wherein each of said M current switches includes: a third bipolar transistor, the collector of said third transistor being connected to the additional word-line conductor for the corresponding row and the base of said third transistor being coupled to said signal means; a fourth bipolar transistor, the collector of said fourth transistor being connected to the standard current-source word-line conductor for said corresponding row, the base of said fourth transistor being connected to a first word-line current source of said at least one word-line current source, and the emitter of said fourth transistor being connected to the emitter of said third transistor; and a resistor connected between a second word-line current source of said at least one word-line current source and the interconnected emitters of said third and fourth transistors.
20. An electronic circuit according to claim 14 or 15 wherein: said row-addressing means includes word-line address circuitry and M word-line drivers corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said M rows, each word-line driver being coupled to said word-line address circuitry and being coupled to the upper word-line conductor for the corresponding row; and said column-addressing means includes bit-line address circuitry and N sense amplifiers corresponding on a one-to-one basis to said N columns, each sense amplifier being coupled to said bit-line address circuitry and being coupled to the two bit-line conductors for the corresponding column.
21. An electronic circuit according to claim 14 or 15 wherein a coupling transistor is used to couple one of said address circuitries to said signal means, the base of said coupling transistor being connected to said signal means, the emitter of said coupling transistor being connected to said address circuitry, the collector of said coupling transistor being connected to the leading cathode of a double diode, and the trailing anode of said double diode being connected to an external current source.
Patent Citations (3)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3634833 | 1972-01-01 | Dunn | |
| US3648125 | 1972-03-01 | Peltzer | |
| US4035784 | 1977-07-01 | Brown |