US 4,156,019 AGrant
Method for Obtaining Combination Starters for Bulgarian Yoghurt
Issue Date:1979-05-22
•10 Claims
Abstract
Specific strains of the micro-organisms Lactobacillus bulgaricum and Streptococcus thermophilus are isolated, identified and purified and used for the preparation of starting materials for production of Bulgarian sour milk. The use of these micro-organisms is described together with procedures in the present invention for the production of Bulgarian sour milk having improved nutrient value and improved characteristic taste and flavor. Specified mixtures of the above micro-organisms can also be advantageously employed for this purpose.
Metadata
Assignee
- DSO Mlechna Promishlenost
Inventors
- Maria S. Kondratenko
- Stefka S. Kondareva
- Bojana H. Gyosheva
- Konstantza A. Vlaykovska
- Irina G. Shishkova
- Nevena N. Toteva
- Lilyana V. Goranova
Application Information
Application Number:US 7905351
Filing Date:1977-04-25
Priority Date:1974-12-04
Art Unit:172
Classifications
IPC:
A23C 912
Field of Search:
42619534;43;61;3696;100;111
Patent Drawings
This patent does not have any drawings.
Description
The present invention relates to new starting materials having greater activity and better production qualities, such as proteolytic activity and content of aromatic substances for the production of original Bulgarian sour milk. These starting materials are obtained with the newly isolated, purified and differentiated strains of Str. thermophilus and Lb. bulgaricus.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is known to produce Bulgarian sour milk using strains of St. thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus which establish a good symbiotic bond. Some of these micro-organisms have been reported in Bulgarian authorship certificate N10640, where a new technology for producing Bulgarian sour milk is described.
The present invention deals with new procedures for obtaining starting materials for sour milk, which is more active and having far better production qualities, for the production of original Bulgarian sour milk with higher nutritive qualities and characteristic taste and flavor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The principal feature of the present invention is to isolate, purify and differentiate new active strains of St. thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus which coexist well in order to obtain more active starting materials with better production qualities for the production of original Bulgarian sour milk. These procedures are carried out by isolation, purification and differentiation of the new strains of St. thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, which can be distinguished by their biological and morphological characteristics, better proteolytic qualities (especially the strains of Lactobacillus bulgaricus), good coexistence and very good ability to form aromatic substances, as compared to known strains used for the same purpose, thereby resulting in more active combinations of starters having better production qualities for production of original Bulgarian sour milk from sheep or cow milk.
The new strains were deposited in the Bulgarian State Institute of Drug Control on Dec. 21, 1973, and in the Japanese Fermentation Research Institute of Industrial Technology with the following depository designations:
The above strains are isolated from natural starters, milk, herbs and raw cream. After being threefold purified, they are differentiated according to the following criteria defined by Zehleman, Berge, Rogasa, and Sharp: (1) defining the optimum temperature of growth and reduction of litmus milk, (2) organoleptic evaluation, (3) moment of coagulation and limit acidity, (4) morphologic characteristics of colonies and cells, (5) growth in milk with 0.1% methylene blue, (6) growth in broth (hydrolyzed milk or MRS) at pH 9.2 and 9.6, (7) growth in broth (hydrolyzed milk or MRS) with 2.4 and 6% bile, (8) growth in broth (hydrolyzed milk or MRS) with 2.4 and 6.5 salt, (9) development in esculin broth, (10) catalytical test, (11) formation of diacetyl, (12) carbohydrate fermentation, (13) proteolytic activity, expressed by number and quantity of free amino acids, (14) development in broth (MRS) and milk with phenol, (15) thermoresistance, (16) defining homo-and heterofermentability, (17 ) content of aromatic substances.
The strains are as follows:
1. St. thermophilus N, N12, 14, 18, 22
2. Lactobacillus bulgaricum N, N5, 37, 26 and 144
Combination of Two Microorganisms
The strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacterium bulgaricum described above, produced 300 combination starters in the following way: each of a number of retorts containing 100 ml sterile cow milk at 45.degree. C. (.+-.1.degree. C.) were inoculated with a combination starter consisting of 1 ml of a strain of Str. thermophilus and 1 ml of a strain of Lb. bulg. The inoculated milk was thermostated at +45.degree. C. and the coagulation time observed. The combination starters causing coagulation in two-hours time were examined under a microscope for normal cell morphology of both strains. Immediately after examination, 100 ml sterile sheep milk or a mixture of sheep and cow milk at a ratio 1:1 were inoculated each with 1% of an approved combination starter. The latter were subcultured in the same medium in the course of four months every day and in the course of another two--every week. The inoculation time of each reinoculation as well as the microscopic pattern and ratio between the strains of Str. therm. and Lb. bulg. were regularly observed throughout the whole six month period. If the cells of both micro-organisms did not change morphologically throughout this period and the ration of the combination starters observed remained the same, they were used for production tests. This was preceded by degustation evaluation of sour milk prepared with the approved combination starters under laboratory conditions after the criteria further cited.
Seven combination starters out of 300 combination starters were selected on the basis of a satisfactory coexistence and a stable ratio.
Evaluation of the new combination starters for sour milk is carried out according to the following criteria:
(1) microscopic pattern of the combination starters which immediately after coagulation were placed in a refrigerator at +4.degree. C. for 24 hours. (a) Streptococcus thermophilus well shaped and well dyed diplococci, (b) Lactobacillus bulgaricus dense, clear cut small rods, single, in couples or small chains. The ratio between the two micro-organisms should vary from 1:3-1:10;
(2) the coagulation time was observed at +45.degree. C. (.+-.1.degree. C.) using 1% combination starter--2 hours.
(3) organoleptic evaluation of sour milk samples prepared from homogenized whole cow milk pasteurised at 95.degree. C. with holding time of 30 minutes. The samples were then cooled and inoculated at 45.degree. C. each with 1% of an approved combination-starter followed by thermostating them at 45.degree. C. After coagulation, the samples were left at indoors temperature until the acidity reached 75.degree. T, whereafter they were put in a refrigerator at +4.degree. C. They were tasted in 24 hours time after tempering them to indoors temperature. The organoloptic evaluation disclosed the characteristics below: type of coagulum, color, consistence and structure, fracture, taste and flavor. In addition, the volatile acids were defined, the acidity in grades Torner, the free amino acids-qualitatively or quantitatively, the aromatic substances and the activity of the combination starters in liquid and dry lyophilized form. The activity is determined on the basis of: (a) through the method of limiting dilution and recording the number of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus as well as their ratio after McKredy and (b) time of coagulation lyophilized combination starter (0.1 g in 100 ml sterile cow milk-whole milk or skimmed) for 31/2 hours, liquid combination starter (1 ml in 100 ml of sterile whole or skimmed cow milk)--2 hours.
The sour milk combination starters NN5-12, 5-22, 37-12, 37-18, 26-12, 144-12 and 144-14 were characterized by the criteria given in the tables.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Method for obtaining combination starters for the production of Bulgarian sour milk which comprises the following steps: (a) innoculating each of a plurality of portions of sterile cow milk with a combination starter containing microorganism strains selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus bulgaricus Numbers 5, 26, 37 and 144 and another microorganism strain selected from the group consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus Numbers 12, 14, 18 and 22 to form a plurality of inoculums; (b) cultivating the plurality of inoculums at 44.degree. to 46.degree. C. to cause coagulation and observing the coagulation times; (c) subsequent to said coagulating, selecting from the plurality of coagulated inoculums, combination starters that cause said coagulation in about two hours and have desired cellular configuration and desired ratio between said Lactobacillus and Streptococcus strains; (d) subsequent to said selecting, inoculating with about 1% of said selected combination starters a plurality of portions of sterile sheep milk or a mixture of sheep and cow milk in a ratio of 1:1 to form a plurality of inoculums containing said selected combination starters, (e) subsequent to step (d), carrying out subculturing of said plurality of inoculums by daily inoculation in said sheep milk or said mixture of each said selected combination starter innoculated in (d) during the first four months and weekly for two additional months; (f) selecting from the combination starters subcultured in step (e) the combination starters that maintain consistant desired cellular configuration and consistant desired ratio between said Lactobacillus and Streptococcus strains throughout said subculturing; and (g) testing the combination starters selected in step (f) for producing Bulgarian sour milk having desired properties.
2. Method in compliance with claim 1 in which the ratio of the two strains in step (f) is 1:3 to 1:10.
3. Method according to claim 1 wherein the combination starter contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus Number 5 and Streptococcus thermophilus Number 12.
4. Method according to claim 1 wherein the combination starter contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus Number 5 and Streptococcus thermophilus Number 22.
5. Method according to claim 1 wherein the combination starter contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus Number 37 and Streptococcus thermophilus Number 18.
6. Method according to claim 1 wherein the combination starter contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus Number 37 and Streptococcus thermophilus Number 12.
7. Method according to claim 1 wherein the combination starter contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus Number 144 and Streptococcus thermophilus Number 12.
8. Method according to claim 1 wherein the combination starter contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus Number 144 and Streptococcus thermophilus Number 14.
9. Method according to claim 1 wherein the combination starter contains Lactobacillus bulgaricus Number 26 and Streptococcus thermophilus Number 12.
10. A method of making sour milk using a combination starter produced by the method of claim 1.
Patent Citations (2)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3876808 | 1975-04-01 | Anderson | |
| DEX2024018 | 1971-04-01 |
Non-Patent Literature (2)
- Webb et al., Byproducts from Milk, 2nd ed., The Ari Publishing Co., Inc., Westport, Conn. 1970, pp. 24-29.
- Kosikomski, F., Cheese and Fermented Milk Foods, published by the author, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., 1966, pp. 14-31.