US 4,135,162 AGrant
Power Amplifier Circuits
Issue Date:1979-01-16
•5 Claims
•2 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A power amplifier circuit having a differential amplifier at an input stage and a following complementary symmetry circuit which is driven by a pair of opposite phase output signals of the differential amplifier as a push-pull circuit. One of the pair output signals is directly applied to a transistor of the complementary symmetry circuit and the other is applied to the other transistor of the complementary symmetry circuit through a phase-inverting transistor which forms a current mirror circuit together with a diode or a transistor being connected in the collector circuit of the transistor of the differential amplifier corresponding to the other output signal. So that the pair of opposite phase output signals are applied to two transistors of the complemeary symmetry circuit after being converted into in-phase signals. Because small current flows through the phase-inverting transistor similarly as transistors of the differential amplifier, a transistor of a small power capacity is used as the phase-inverting transistor. The power amplifier circuit is low in the cost, and the distortion, and is not affected by the ambient temperature variation and power source voltage variation.
Metadata
Assignee
- Sansui Electric Co., Ltd.
Inventor
- Susumu Takahashi
Application Information
Application Number:US 8406006
Filing Date:1977-10-11
Priority Date:1976-10-12
Art Unit:252
Classifications
IPC:
H03F 345
Field of Search:
330255;257;263;267
Patent Drawings (2 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
This invention relates to power amplifier circuits and in particular, to such circuits having a differential amplifier at an input stage and a complementary symmetry push-pull amplifier at an output stage.
As a power amplifier for audio-signals, a circuit has been well known wherein one or two differential amplifiers are used at an input stage, the output from the input stage being applied to complementary symmetry circuits for power amplification.
Referring to FIG. 1, an example of known power amplifiers comprises a differential amplifier DA.sub.1, including a pair of FET transistors Tr.sub.1 and Tr.sub.2 to which an input signal and a fed-back signal are applied, respectively. Two opposite phase output signals from the differential amplifier DA.sub.1 are applied to two inputs of another differential amplifier DA.sub.2 including a pair of NPN transistors Tr.sub.3 and Tr.sub.4.
An output of the differential amplifier DA.sub.2 is applied to a complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 including a pair of transitors Tr.sub.5 and Tr.sub.6 of opposite conductive types. In the shown circuit, a collector output of the NPN transistor Tr.sub.4 is applied to a base electrode of the PNP transistor Tr.sub.5 of the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1.
The other NPN transistor TR.sub.6 of the circuit CC.sub.1 is base-biassed at a constant voltage defined by a voltage divider constituted by resistors Ra and Rb. Thus, the transistor Tr.sub.6 serves for a constant current means.
The output of the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 is applied to two inputs of a complementary symmetry push-pull circuit CC.sub.2 including a pair of transistors Tr.sub.7 and Tr.sub.8 of opposite conductive types, to which another complementary symmetry push-pull circuit CC.sub.3 including a pair of transistors Tr.sub.9 and Tr.sub.10 is connected.
A power amplified output signal is obtained from the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.3 at an output terminal OUT. A portion of the output signal is fed-back to the differential amplifier DA.sub.1, as shown.
Diodes BD.sub.1 are a biassing circuit from transistors Tr.sub.7 -Tr.sub.10.
The differential amplifiers DA.sub.1 and DA.sub.2, the voltage divider, and the complementary symmetry circuits CC.sub.1 -CC.sub.3 are connected in parallel with one another between a positive and a negative power lines which are connected to a positive and a negative power sources +Vcc and -Vcc.
In the known power and amplifier circuit, only one output from the differentail amplifier DA.sub.2 is used to drive the following complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 and one of the transistors, or Tr.sub.6, of the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 does not operate to amplify any signal.
On the other hand, a power amplifier circuit has been also used wherein both of two outputs of a differential amplifier are used as input signals to a following complementary symmetry circuit. An example of such power amplifier circuits is shown in FIG. 2.
Referring to FIG. 2, similar parts are respresented by same reference characters as in FIG. 1. The shown circuit is similar as the amplifier circuit in FIG. 1 except that not only one of the outputs of the differential amplifier DA.sub.2 but also the other is coupled with the complementary symmetry circuits CC.sub.1. Namely, one of the opposite phase outputs of the differential amplifier DA.sub.2 is directly applied to the transistor Tr.sub.5 of the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1, and the other is coupled with the transitor Tr.sub.6 through a PNP transistor Tr.sub.11 which is so provided to form a differential amplifier, together with the transistor Tr.sub.5 of the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1. The base of the transistor Tr.sub.11 is connected to the collector of the transistor Tr.sub.3. The collector of the transistor Tr.sub.11 is connected to the base of the transistor Tr.sub.6 of the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1, and is connected to the negative power line through a diode D.sub.1 and a resistor Rc.
In the circuit arrangement, the transistor Tr.sub.6 and the diode D.sub.1 form a current mirror circuit so that the current value i.sub.1 on the collector circuit of the transistor Tr.sub.6 may consist with the current i.sub.2 on the collector circuit of the transistor Tr.sub.11. Thus, the opposite phase output signals of the differential amplifier DA.sub.2 are applied to the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1, after being converted into in-phase signals. Therefore, the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 operates as a push-pull amplifier.
The use of opposite phase output signals from the differential amplifier DA.sub.2 to operate the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 as a push-pull amplifier is known to provide various advantages, for example, that the distortion of the output is reduced, that any variation and noise of a used power source do not present on the output and that the output drift depending on the ambient temperature is reduced.
However, the circuit arrangement as shown in FIG. 2 has a disadvantage in economical view point.
The transistor Tr.sub.11 must be designated to permit flowing on its collector circuits a DC current of a same value as the transistor Tr.sub.5, because both of those transistors form a differential amplifier and because the current mirror circuit is provided in the collector circuits of the both transistors Tr.sub.5 and Tr.sub.11.
Usually, DC current of about 10mA is required as the collector current i.sub.1 of the transistor Tr.sub.5. If the voltage of the power source Vcc is 50V, a transistor of a power capacity of 0.5W or more must be used for the transistor Tr.sub.5.
Therefore, the transistor Tr.sub.11 must be of a transistor having a power capacity of 1W or more, because the transistor Tr.sub.11 is connected between a positive and a negative power sources +Vcc and -Vcc so that a voltage of about 100V (= 2 .times. Vcc) is applied to the transistor Tr.sub.11, and because the collector current i.sub.2 of the transistor Tr.sub.11 is equal to the current i.sub.1 (= 10mA).
On the other hand, transistor Tr.sub.11 must have a same property as the transistor Tr.sub.5. The transistor Tr.sub.5 must, also, have a same property as the transistor Tr.sub.6 except the conductive type.
Accordingly, the use of the transistor Tr.sub.11 requires the use of transistors of a larger power capacity than the necessary power capacity as transistors Tr.sub.5 and Tr.sub.6.
Furthermore, the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 operates only as an A-class amplifier because the transistor Tr.sub.5 forms a differential amplifier incorporating with the transistor Tr.sub.11.
Summary of the Invention
An object of this invention is to provide a power amplifier circuit which is low in the cost, less in the distortion and drift in the output, and less in the effect to the output by the variation and noise of a used power source.
Another object of this invention is to provide a power amplifier circuit having a differential amplifier to provide a pair of opposite phase output signals which are applied to a following complementry circuit to operate as a push-pull circuit, realizing above described object.
A power amplifier circuit of this invention comprises a differential amplifier at an input stage to provide a pair of opposite phase output signals. One of the pair signals is applied to a transistor of a complementary symmetry circuit at a following stage. The other signal is coupled to another transistor of the complementary symmetry circuit through a phase-inverting transistor. The phase-inverting transistor serves as a circuit element in a current mirror circuit which operates to maintain at a same value both a bias DC current flowing the phase-inverting transistor and a bias DC current flowing through one of transistor of the differential amplifier providing the output signal to the phase-inverting transistor. Thus, the opposite phase output signals are applied to transistors of the complementary symmetry circuit as in-phase signals and with reasonable bias voltages. Accordingly, the complementary symmetry circuit operates as a push-pull amplifier.
The mirror circuit comprises the phase-inverting transistor and a diode which is inserted between a power line and an output point from which the output signal applied to the phase-inverting transistor is obtained. The diode may be replaced by a transistor. In order to reduce a power capacity of the phase-inverting transistor, another transistor or a resistor may be connected in series with the phase-inverting circuit at the output side thereof.
These and further objects and features of this invention will be understood from following descriptions relating to preferred embodiments of this invention referring to the annexed drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a view of a circuit diagram of a known power amplifier,
FIG. 2 shows a view of a circuit diagram of another known amplifier,
FIG. 3 shows a view of a circuit diagram of an embodiment of this invention,
FIG. 4 shows a view of a circuit diagram of a modified embodiment, and
FIG. 5 shows a view of a circuit diagram of another modification.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of this invention. The shown embodiment is similar as the power amplifier in FIG. 1, except the circuit for applying one of outputs from a differential amplifier DA.sub.2 to one of transistors of following complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 after phase-inverting, with the other signal being applied to the other transistor. Similar parts are represented by same reference characters as in FIG. 1, and descriptions are omitted.
Referring to FIG. 3, a diode D.sub.2 is connected in series with a resistor Re to the collector of the transistor Tr.sub.3 of the differential amplifier DA.sub.2.
The collector of the transistor Tr.sub.3 is connected with a base of a PNP transistor Tr.sub.12 so that the output of the transistor Tr.sub.3 is applied to the transistor Tr.sub.12 to be phase-inverted.
The transistor Tr.sub.12 is connected between a positive and negative power lines through resistors Rg and Rc. The collector of the transistor Tr.sub.12 is connected to the base of the transistor Tr.sub.6 of the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 so that the phase-inverted signal is applied to the transistor Tr.sub.6.
Diode D.sub.2 and the phase-inverting transistor Tr.sub.12 will be understood to form a current mirror circuit. Therefore, the collector current i.sub.02 of the transistor Tr.sub.12 is equal to the collector current i.sub.01 of the transistor Tr.sub.3.
The transistor Tr.sub.6 is given a base-bias voltage by the resistor Rc through which the collector current i.sub.02 flows. Accordingly, a signal of an opposite phase to the output signal of the transistor Tr.sub.3 is applied to the transistor Tr.sub.6 with a same amplitude.
On the other hand, to the transistor Tr.sub.5, the output signal of the transistor Tr.sub.4 of the differential amplifier DA.sub.2 is applied, which is in opposite phase to the output signal of the transistor Tr.sub.3 with a same amplitude.
Therefore, the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 of the pair transistors Tr.sub.5 and Tr.sub.6 operates as a push-pull circuit, since in-phase signals are applied to those transistors.
Collector current of each transistor of the differential amplifier DA.sub.2 is, usually, selected about 1mA or less. Therefore, a transistor of a small power capacity of, for example, such as 100mW can be used for the phase-inverting transistor, as well as the transistors Tr.sub.3 and Tr.sub.4.
Therefore, according to this embodiment, a power amplifier circuit is realized with a lower cost wherein a pair of opposite phase output signals from a differential circuit are applied to a pair of transistors of following complementary symmetry circuit to operate it as a push-pull amplifier.
The collector current i.sub.02 of the transistor Tr.sub.12 is equalized to the collector current i.sub.01 of the transistor Tr.sub.3. The collector currents of both transistors Tr.sub.3 and Tr.sub.4 of the differential amplifier are equal to one another but opposite in the phase. Therefore, it is desirable that the collector resistors Re, Rf and Rc of the transistors Tr.sub.3, Tr.sub.4 and Tr.sub.12 and the emitter resistor Rg of the transistor Tr.sub.12 are equal to one another in the value.
As will be noted from above description, the complementary symmetry circuit CC.sub.1 is able to be made to operate as a B-class amplifier because any transistors of the complementary symmetry circuit forms no differential amplifier together with any other transistor.
Referring to FIG. 4, in which a modification is partially shown, a transistor Tr.sub.13 is connected in the collector circuit of the phase-inverting transistor Tr.sub.12, with the base thereof being grounded.
According to this modification, it is possible to compensate a small power capacity of the transistor Tr.sub.12 by the transistor Tr.sub.13. And, therefore, it is possible to use transistors of smaller power capacities for the transistors Tr.sub.12 and Tr.sub.13.
It will be clearly understood that a resistor may be used in place of the transistor Tr.sub.13 to realize a similar purpose.
FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a main portion of another modification. The modification is similar as the embodiment in FIG. 3 except that a PNP transistor Tr.sub.14 is used in place of the diode D.sub.2 in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. As shown, the base of the transistor Tr.sub.14 is directly connected to the collector thereof which is, in turn, connected to the output point of the transistor Tr.sub.3.
As will be noted, the transistors Tr.sub.14 and Tr.sub.12 form a current mirror circuit.
Since the above embodiments are for exemplification, the used transistors are of transistors of specific conductive types. It will be noted that similar circuits may be easily made with the use of respective transistors of opposite conductive types, and also with the use of FET transistors except the current mirror circuit.
This invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, but it will be noted to those skilled in the art that various modifications and various other designations may be easily made within the spirit of this invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a power amplifier circuit including a differential amplifier having a pair of first and second transistors connected between positive and negative power lines, a complementary symmetry circuit having a pair of third and fourth transistors of opposite conductive type connected between said positive and negative power lines, with said third transistor directly connected to an output point of said first transistor thereby to drive said third transistor directly by a first output voltage signal of said differential amplifier, and a bias circuit for said fourth transistor comprising voltage dividing resistors connected between said positive and negative power lines, an improvement comprising, a fifth transistor directly connected to an output point of said second transistor to be driven by a second output signal in phase opposition to said first output signal of said differential amplifier, said fifth transitor being connected between said voltage dividing resistros in series therewith to phase-invert said second output signal and to couple said second output signal with said fourth transistor, and means for equalizing a current flowing through said fifth transistor with a current flowing through said second transistor to equalize the amplitude of the voltage signal applied to said fourth transistor with the amplitude of said first output voltage signal applied to said third transistor whereby said third and fourth transistors may operate as a push-pull amplifier.
2. The improvement as claimed in claim 1, wherein said current equalizing means comprises a diode which is so connected in series with said second transistor at the output side thereof that said second output signal is taken out at a point between said diode and said second transistor, said diode and said fifth transistor forming a current mirror circuit.
3. The improvement as claimed in claim 1, wherein said current equalizing means comprises a sixth transistor which is so connected in series with said second transistor at the output side thereof that said second output signal is taken out at a point between said sixth transistor and said second transistor, a control electrode of said sixth transistor being directly connected with a carrier deriving electrode thereof, said sixth transistor and said fifth transistor forming a current mirror circuit.
4. The improvement as claimed in claim 1, which further comprises a resistor means which is connected in series with said fifth transistor to share the power with said fifth transistor, said fifth transistor being of a transistor having a reduced power capacity.
5. The improvement as claimed in claim 4, wherein said resistor means is of a transistor having a base being grounded.