US 4,121,560 AGrant
Freestanding Fireplace and Room Heater
Issue Date:1978-10-24
•10 Claims
•2 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A freestanding fireplace and room heater is described that is both pleasing in appearance and is an efficient room heater. The heater includes an upright firebox selectively sealed by a door on a front wall thereof. The door may be opened and swung to a position adjacent one side of the firebox for free access to the firebox interior. The door includes a removable glass window for a clear view of a fire within the firebox. The window may be selectively removed and replaced with a metal panel. A relatively inconspicuous blower unit is mounted at the rearward side of the firebox to receive and direct air across the back side, then out across the top, bottom, and sides of the firebox. Also included is a draft arrangement adjacent to the glass pane. The draft arrangement operates to draw cool air in and downwardly across the inside surface of the glass pane. The draft arrangement provides air to support combustion within the firebox and prevents build-up of soot and dust on the glass pane. A moveable draft control is provided on the metal panel that, when in place, may be used to vary the airflow through the draft arrangement. The firebox is designed to retain hot gasses in a turbulent atmosphere for a time prior to discharge through a smoke outlet.
Metadata
Inventor
- Galeon Knight
Application Information
Application Number:US 7840799
Filing Date:1977-04-04
Priority Date:1977-04-04
Art Unit:344
Classifications
IPC:
F17C 114
Field of Search:
12660-66;120;121;130;131;67;68;70
Patent Drawings (2 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
The present invention is related to combined freestanding fireplaces and room heaters that utilize a forced air arrangement for efficiently distributing the heat produced by the unit throughout the surrounding atmosphere.
Fireplaces have long been a source of enjoyment but are very inefficient means of heating an associated room. This characteristic is true both of the permanent built-in fireplace units and the modern freestanding fireplaces. Fixed or stationary fireplaces are probably the most inefficient room heaters since heat from the fire generally can only be projected toward the forward opening thereof. With freestanding fireplaces, the heat may radiate from all sides of the fireplace body. There is still inefficiency because the units generally do not have provision for directing the heated air away from the fireplace body. Instead, it rises to the ceiling and heats only the area directly above the unit itself. Of course the heat will spread gradually throughout the room but by the time the far corners of the room are heated, the area immediately adjacent to the fireplace is usually too hot.
Another problem associated with freestanding fireplaces, especially those having glass door closures, is that the glass doors often become coated with soot and ashes from the fire and must be frequently cleaned. This is a tedious and obviously messy job.
There are forms of fireplace units that are more or less effective in forcing heated air from the fireplace outwardly into the associated room. However, these units are usually bulky and very uncomely.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,171,399 to W. B. Kirgan granted Mar. 2, 1965 discloses a furnace type space heater wherein the area surrounding the firebox is utilized as a plenum chamber. It heats air as it moves downwardly from an intake adjacent the upper surface of the heater to a discharge at a bottom side of the heater. The heater makes use of a blower unit to draw the air through the plenum chamber.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,178,854 to H. C. Keeler granted Apr. 11, 1916 discloses a portable fireplace. This fireplace unit is comprised of a sheet metal formed firebox with a plurality of doors on a front surface of the firebox that are hinged to allow folding of the doors completely away from the front of the fireplace leaving an open fire chamber. The unit includes an inclined deflector above the fire area that deflects smoke forward and subsequently upward and back horizontally to a chimney pipe. This somewhat resembles the smoke trap of ordinary permanent type fireplaces. There is no provision for forcing air over the heated outside surfaces of the unit. The bottom and back sides of the fireplace unit are insulated.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,944,626 to E. A. Allbert granted Jan. 23, 1934 discloses a combined heater and fireplace. This is a freestanding unit that includes a double door arrangement. A first, outer door, is formed of sheet metal and is retractable to a stored position above the firebox. When the outer door is in this position an inner, glass door is exposed to allow relatively full view of the fire within. There is no provision for circulating the air outside the firebox, nor is there any special provision for keeping the glass viewing pane clean and protected from soot and ashes from the fire within.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,808,823 to W. J. Snyder et al granted Oct. 8, 1957 discloses a space heater. Again, this unit is intended primarily as a furnace (like the Kirgan heater). A fan unit is attached at the rear of the heater to direct air inwardly and upward over an enclosed firebox. Since the firebox is completely enclosed within a sheet metal housing except for a louvered area at the top, the heated air is allowed to move only in an upward and outward direction. This unit is provided in the form of a stove or furnace arrangement wherein the fire chamber is completely enclosed and is not visible from the outside when the firebox door is in a closed position.
It is a first object of the present invention to provide a freestanding fireplace and room heater combination that is both pleasing in appearance and is a highly functional heating unit.
A further object is to provide such a combined heating and freestanding fireplace unit that includes a removable glass pane in the door structure with draft means associated therewith for continuously cleaning or preventing build-up of material on the inside surface of the glass when the unit is in operation.
Another object is to provide such a fireplace and heating unit that includes a door structure that may be moved completely out of the way of the forward opening in order to provide free access to the firebox interior.
Another object is to provide such a fireplace and heating unit wherein the glass pane is interchangeable with a metal panel so the unit can be converted from a decorative fireplace to a fully functional stove.
A still further object is to provide a fireplace and heating unit wherein air may be forced across the outside radiating surfaces of the fireplace unit in order to quickly heat an associated room.
These and still further objects and advantages will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description which, taken with the accompanying drawings, disclose a preferred form of my invention. However, it is to be noted that the drawings and following description merely set forth an example of a preferred form of my invention and by no means are intended to restrict the scope of my invention to the particular details shown herein. Only the claims to be found at the end of this specification set forth the scope of what I claim to be my invention.
Brief Description of the Drawings
A preferred form of the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of the present fireplace and room heater;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along line 3--3 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of elements of the door assembly;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary enlarged sectional view;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary enlarged pictorial view of a door for my fireplace unit having a removable glass pane; and
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary pictorial view of the door shown in FIG. 6 only with a metal panel in place of the glass pane.
Detailed Description of a Preferred Embodiment
A preferred form of the present fireplace and room heater structure is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and designated therein by the reference character 10. The heater 10 is basically comprised of a sheet metal formed firebox 11 that has a relatively flat front 12 with a rectangular front opening 13 (FIG. 3) to the firebox interior. Firebox 11 also includes upright sides 14 and a substantially upright back 15. The sides 14 diverge outward (inclined) from the back 15 to the front 12. A horizontal top 16 and spaced bottom 17 complete the firebox enclosure. A hearth 18 extends forward and outward of the firebox bottom 17. The entire structure is supported on legs 19. A top opening is defined by chimney mounting flange 20, located near the back 15 on top 16.
The firebox opening 13 may be selectively covered by a pivoted door 23. The door includes a substantially rectangular door frame 24 that is constructed substantially of the same material as the firebox. The frame 24 surrounds a rectangular glass window 25. In the embodiment shown by FIGS. 6 and 7 the window 25 is removable and may be replaced with a metal panel 25a. The frame is wide in cross section to space the window forward of the front wall 12. Preferably, the window is formed of tempered, heat resistant glass of the type that is typically found in glass fireplace screens.
The door 23 is mounted to the firebox 11 through a door hinge means 26. Means 26 includes a vertical hinge pin 27 that is mounted through appropriate brackets 28 to the firebox 11. The hinge axis is located adjacent to one side edge of the firebox such that the door may be pivoted completely clear of the opening 13. The door 23 may be pivoted more than 270.degree. about the hinge axis. This facilitates free access to the firebox interior and hides the door flush along side 14.
A draft means 30 is integral with door 23. Draft means 30 functions to allow air into the firebox area in order to support combustion of material therein and for the additional purpose of preventing soot or ash build-up on an interior surface 32 of the glass pane 25. The draft means 30 is simply comprised of a louver or set of louvers 31 formed within a top surface 29 of the door frame 24. In the form shown in FIGS. 1-6, the louvers are open continuously and function to continuously clean the window pane 25. However, as shown in FIG. 7, a moveable draft control 30a is pivotably mounted to the metal panel 25a to enable selective adjustment of the air intake through louvers 31. This provides more complete control of the combustion process when the unit is to be used as a highly functional stove.
The louvers 31 define an elongated air gap of between 3/8 in. and 1/4 in. inclusive. The louvers, shown in detail by FIG. 4, are inclined rearwardly and are elevationally offset, with the top edge of the rearward louver higher than the forward louver. The purpose for the elevational offset is to prevent hot air (adjacent the front wall 12) from entering between the louvers but to allow free passage of cooler air from the area forward of the louvers. The hot air from wall 12 is deflected back as indicated in the arrow A in FIG. 4 while the cooler air enters as shown by arrow B.
The louvers 31 are inclined to direct incoming air along the inner surface 32 of the glass pane 23. This downwardly moving air is passed over the glass pane prior to entering the fire chamber. The air will move at a sufficient velocity (when a fire is burning within the firebox) to keep the glass continuously clean, and will prevent excessive heat build-up within the glass to prevent cracking.
Upright guideways 32a (FIGS. 6 and 7) may be provided to enable exchange of the glass with the metal panel 25a. The exchange may thus be made by sliding the glass upwardly from the guideways 32a and replacing the same with panel 25a, received within ways 32a. When the panel is in position, the moveable draft control 30a is in position next to draft means 30 and may be pivoted to cover the air space between louvers 31 (as shown in FIG. 7, solid lines). Alternatively it may be pivoted clear of the air-space (FIG. 7, dashed lines) thus controlling the air flow.
The door may be tightly secured in a closed position against the firebox 11 by a latch means as shown at 33. Latch means 33 includes a lever 34 that is pivoted to the door 23. Lever 34 is selectively received within a catch 35. Catch 35 is affixed to the front 12 of firebox 11. The catch 35 may have a cam surface which will operate against the lever to press the door tightly against the firebox front in the closed condition.
Heated and burning gases will collect within the firebox in the area forward of the chimney pipe flange and above the door. The tumbling hot gases will remain within the firebox and dissipate some of the heat before exiting through the chimney (not shown). This is an advantage over conventional fireplaces and stoves where the hot gases are funneled upwardly into the chimney, and where the heat therefrom is dissipated throughout the chimney and is exhausted into the outside air.
To prevent the heated gases from being directed against the window 25, I provide a deflector baffle 37. Baffle 37 may either be mounted directly to the firebox front 12 at the top edge of opening 13, or, as shown, may be mounted to the top inside edge of the door frame 24. In either case, the hot gas deflecting baffle 37 extends down and forwardly from the top edge of the opening toward the window 25 when the door is in the closed position. Thus, when a fire is burning within the firebox, gases within the upper portions of the firebox are deflected smoothly along the same plane as the passage taken by the incoming air (delivered through the louvers 31).
An important feature of the present invention is provision of a baffle plate 40 and blower means 47 by which the heat produced by the present unit 10 is directed forwardly of the unit to quickly and efficiently heat the surrounding area. The baffle plate 40 is comprised of a relatively flat piece of sheet metal that is pivotably mounted by pins 40a to the firebox 11 in rearward spaced relation to the back 15. Thus, an open air space 41 is created between the back 15 and baffle plate 40. The pins 40a enable plate 40 to be pivoted away from the back 15 to allow cleaning of the unit and to enable the unit to function without the forced air effect of the plate 40 and blower means 47.
The opposite upright side edges of the baffle plate 40 include forwardly inclined fins 42. These fins 42 are spaced laterally outward of the sides 14 and are substantially parallel thereto. Fins 42 function to deflect air moving through the air space 41 forwardly along the diverging sides 14 of the firebox 11.
A hinged deflector flap 43 is provided at a top edge of the baffle plate 40. It may be selectively moved between an inoperative position wherein air moving in the air space 41 will be guided in an upward direction, or when the deflector flap is in an operative position (FIG. 5), the air will be directed in a horizontal plane over the top surface 16 of the firebox. The flap 43 may be utilized as a control to regulate the amount of air flowing over the heated surfaces of the firebox and therefore effectively vary the amount of forwardly radiating heat.
The baffle plate 40 also includes a horizontal bottom deflector 46 (FIG. 3) that projects downward and forward below the firebox bottom 17. Deflector 46 is forwardly inclined to direct air from the air space 41 forwardly along the bottom of the firebox. Thus, it is understood that air may pass or be forced to pass by blower means 47 over substantially all the heated surfaces of firebox 11 with the exception of front 12.
The blower means 47 may be a blade type fan and motor combination as shown in the drawings or a squirrel cage type fan may also be effectively used. The blower means 47 is mounted to baffle plate 40 within an appropriate aperture 50 formed therethrough. This aperture is located centrally on the plate 40 such that air is received by the fan and directed against the back of the heater unit 10. The back 15 is preferably somewhat "wedge" shaped with forward diverging sides leading to a central edge 51. The forced air will be evenly divided at the edge 51 of the wedge configuration and diverted in opposite horizontal directions to fins 42 as well as up and downwardly toward the appropriate deflector flap 43, or bottom deflector 46.
The blower means 47 may be operated in response to a thermostatic control or, more simply, may be operated from an appropriate manual switch to function at the will of the operator.
It is understood that various changes and modifications may be made in view of the drawings and description of my invention as made above. However, the above description and attached drawings are not intended in any way to place restrictions upon the scope of my invention. Only the following claims are to be taken as definitions and limitations upon the scope of what I define as my invention.
Claims
What I claim is:
1. A freestanding fireplace and room heater, comprising: a firebox having a front opening and a top opening; said top opening being adapted to receive a chimney pipe; said firebox having a flat top surface and upright sidewalls joined by upright front and back walls; a door; hinge means mounting the door to the front wall of the firebox for pivotal movement about a vertical axis between a closed position completely covering the front opening and an open position adjacent one sidewall of the firebox; latch means for tightly securing the door to the firebox in the closed position; a baffle plate mounted in spaced relation to the back wall of the firebox to create an open air space across the back of the firebox; fins on outside edges of the baffle plate that extend fowardly to deflect air forwardly over the firebox; blower means on the baffle for forcing air through the air space to be heated by the firebox and exhausted in a forward direction over the firebox; wherein the door includes a door frame supporting a pane of glass and wherein the door frame is situated between the glass pane and front firebox wall such that in the closed position, the pane is spaced forwardly of the front firebox wall; and wherein the door includes a draft means along an upper horizontal surface thereof for receiving outside air and directing it along an inside surface of the glass pane.
2. The heater as set out by claim 1 wherein the draft means is comprised of louvers formed within the door frame.
3. The heater as set out by claim 1 wherein the firebox includes a forward and downward projecting gas deflecting baffle located at an upper horizontal edge of the front opening when the door is at the closed position.
4. The heater as set out by claim 1 wherein the hinge means is located adjacent one side wall to facilitate swinging movement of the door to an open position substantially flush with the adjacent side wall.
5. The heater as set out by claim 1 further comprising a hinged deflector flap at a top edge of the baffle plate that is movable to an operative position to deflect air across the firebox top surface and to an inoperative position; wherein the air is allowed to exit in an upward direction.
6. The heater as set out by claim 1 wherein the firebox stands on legs and the baffle plate includes a bottom deflector extending forwardly below the firebox and adjacent the bottom of the back wall to direct air forwardly across the firebox bottom.
7. The heater as set out by claim 1 further comprising a hearth projecting forwardly of the firebox and door when the door is in the closed position.
8. The heater as defined in claim 1 wherein the hinge means enables the door to be pivoted more than 270.degree. from the closed position and the open position.
9. The heater as defined in claim 1 wherein the door frame includes upwardly open upright guideways removably receiving the glass pane such that the glass pane may be selectively removed from the door; and further comprises a metal panel that may be inserted between the guideways in place of the glass pane.
10. The heater as defined in claim 1 further comprising a draft control for selectively adjusting the amount of airflow through the draft means.