US 4,113,370 AGrant
Optical System for Alternatively Projecting Adjacent Images of Adjacent Objects or Double Images of a Single Object
Issue Date:1978-09-12
•2 Claims
•2 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
An optical system is disclosed for substantially doubling the capacity of a photocopying apparatus or the like. It provides alternative modes of operation; adjacent imaging of adjacent objects or double imaging of a single object. In the adjacent imaging mode, a single projection lens projects adjacent images of two adjacent objects in a straightforward way. In the alternative double imaging mode, a pair of projection lenses projects twin images of a single object along "parallel" optical paths. In the double imaging mode, a field stop is included to block light from the vacated half of the object station.
Metadata
Assignee
- Xerox Corporation
Inventor
- John Alan Durbin
Application Information
Application Number:US 7828659
Filing Date:1977-03-30
Priority Date:1977-03-30
Art Unit:243
Classifications
IPC:
G03B 2100
Field of Search:
353355122;65;66;67;88;89;91;30;34;8246;54
Patent Drawings (2 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
This invention relates to photocopying optical systems, and more particularly to an optical system for substantially doubling the capacity of a photocopying apparatus. This invention is an improvement of the invention disclosed in application Ser. No. 756,582 filed Jan. 3, 1977 by James D. Rees and Kent W. Hemphill.
By way of background, it is generally desirable to maximize the capacity or machine throughput of a photocopying apparatus for any given process speed. Heretofore, this has been accomplished in copiers and duplicators by processing in the "landscape" rather than "portrait" mode. In a scanning environment, this refers to scanning of the original object from one long edge to the other, the scan travel being therefore along the short dimension. Correspondingly, the image is laid down on the photoreceptor and developed from one long edge to the other along the shorter edge dimension. It will be apparent that, for a given speed of photoreceptor, such an image is generated and developed faster than one which is scanned and laid down on the photoreceptor in the portrait mode, i.e. scanning in the longer direction from short edge to short edge.
From the foregoing step from portrait to landscape operation, a natural next step was to enlarge the size of the object station so as to accommodate an original object of, for example, 11 inches .times. 17 inches. This of course is equivalent to two adjacent 81/2 inch .times. 11 inch sheets. Scanning and otherwise processing of an 11 inch .times. 17 inch original in the landscape mode then, becomes the equivalent of simultaneous processing of two adjacent 81/2 inch .times. 11 inch originals in the portrait mode.
The several stages just described are illustrated in FIGS. 1a, 1b, and 1c. The progression may seem quite straightforward, simply providing more photoreceptor area and arranging the object in an optimum way to maximize its use. However, FIG. 1c also illustrates an inherent problem. That is, if the original object to be copied is not a "book" of several documents but a single original, then there is not only a zero gain in capacity or throughput in the apparatus but also an attendant waste of 50% of the copy paper, since a blank sheet will result from each scan of the blank of the object area.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved photocopying optical system which is capable of alternative modes of operation: to create adjacent images of adjacent objects or double images from a single object.
Summary of the Invention
Briefly, the present invention is of an optical system for substantially doubling the capacity of a photocopying apparatus or the like. It provides alternative modes of operation; adjacent imaging of adjacent objects or double imaging of a single object. In the adjacent imaging mode, a single projection lens projects adjacent images of two adjacent objects in a straightforward way. In the alternative double imaging mode, a pair of projection lenses projects twin images of a single object along "parallel" optical paths. In the double imaging mode, a field stop is included to block light from the vacated half of the object station.
Drawing
FIG. 1 represents an original object in (1a) portrait, (1b) landscape, and (1c) adjacent portrait orientations for scanning and processing in a photocopying apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of the prior art used in connection with an object such as shown in FIG. 1c.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical system according to the present invention and shown in one of its alternative modes of operation.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the same optical system of this invention shown in its other alternative mode of operation.
Description
FIG. 1 represents at 1a an object or document O in a portrait position, at 1b a document O in a landscape position, and at 1c a pair of adjacent object documents O and O', individually in portrait positions but the pair in a landscape position. The arrows in FIG. 1 represent the directions in which object O might be scanned in a scanning photocopying system.
FIG. 2 represents a photocopying optical system, generally indicated at 2 and including a projection lens 4 disposed on an optical axis 6 between conjugate object and image stations 8 and 10 respectively. A pair of documents O, O', as represented in FIG. 1c, is supported at the object station 8 for imaging at image station 10.
To aid in the description and understanding of this invention, object station 8 and image station 10 can be considered as planar, and may hereinafter be referred to as object plane 8 and image plane 10. However, it should be pointed out that the object station 8 might take the form of a curved platen in a strip scanning photocopying system. Furthermore, image station 10 might conincide with the surface of a rotating drum in a strip scanning system. In such nonplanar arrangements, objects O, O' would be oriented with the scanning arrow pointing into the drawing. Correspondingly, the image station or drum surface would be oriented on an axis extending across the drawing with the drum rotating toward or away from the reader as indicated by the curved arrow in FIG. 2.
Referring back to the planar conception of FIG. 2, it will be clear that the adjacent objects O, O' are imaged respectively as adjacent images I, I' at the image plane 10. As explained earlier, if a single object O is to be copied, it would be imaged at I and reproduced at that part of the image station 10 as many times as desired. However, in this circumstance, the O' -- I' component of the optical system is wasted and, for as many copies as are to be made of object O, a corresponding number of wasted blank copy sheets passes through the I' portion of the image station 10.
The foregoing is all by way of background to the present invention which will now be described.
Referring to FIG. 3, an optical system according to the present invention is indicated generally at 20. Optical system 20 includes a first projection lens 24 on a first optical axis 26 extending between conjugate object and image stations 28 and 30 respectively. A second projection lens 22 is disposed on a second optical axis 36, also extending between conjugate object and image planes 28 and 30. A shutter 32 is disposed adjacent to projection lens 22. In the FIG. 3 arrangement of this optical system, shutter 32 is represented as closed so that projection lens 22 is inoperative to project an image from object plane 28 to image plane 30.
In the arrangement of FIG. 3, the single projection lens 24 operates in the same manner as lens 4 in the earlier described optical system of FIG. 2 to project adjacent images of adjacent objects. Assuming the presence of a pair of object documents O and O', such as in FIG. 1c, the resulting projection is of adjacent images I and I' at the image plane 30 which might ultimately appear in "saddle" relationship on a single large support sheet. This "saddle" mode of operation of optical system 20 alludes to that term which in graphic arts generally refers to the arrangement of two pages of content folded in the middle. Images I and I' might also be placed on separate sheets of paper passing in parallel through the system. The final copy arrangement, whether "saddle" or separate, is immaterial to this invention.
The object side of the optical system 20, between object plane 28 and projection lenses 22 and 24 is disposed in an integrating illumination cavity 34 defined by walls 38 having a diffuse reflective inner surface 39 to enhance illumination efficiency. Light sources 40 are disposed within extensions of the cavity 34 so that object illumination may be a tailored combination of direct and diffusely reflected light.
The enclosure defining the integrating illumination cavity 34 may be moveable between alternative positions so that the cavity exposes the entire object field, as shown in FIG. 3 in the saddle mode of operation, or so that the cavity exposes only half of the object field, as in FIG. 4 in the double imaging mode of operation. The phantom line in FIG. 4 represents the alternative position of the right cavity wall as 38a.
Referring now to FIG. 4, the same optical system 20 is shown in its alternative mode of operation for double imaging from a single object. In this configuration, shutter 32 is represented as open with respect to projection lens 22. An additional element shown in FIG. 4 is a field stop or mask 42 in the path of light propagating from that part of the object station now vacated by object O'. The purpose of stop 42 is to blank out, and black out the vacated portion of the platen 28, thus to prevent light from that portion of the object station reaching the image station and washing out the image. In this configuration, twin images of the single object O are projected along "parallel" optical paths by the two projection lenses 22 and 24.
Field stop 42 is shown as blocking the cone of light propagating from the vacant half of the platen 28. Stop 42 might be disposed at any position in the path of the propagating light cone, but it is preferred in this invention to locate it on the image side of lens 24. In copending application Ser. No. 756,582 a mask 34 is disposed immediately under the platen 28. This extended black area absorbs an appreciable amount of light at the expense of illumination efficiency. To eliminate this "light sink", stop 42 of this invention is located on the dark side of the lens. Field stop 42 is moved out of the optical system in the FIG. 3 saddle mode of operation.
The details of shutter 32 and field stop 42 are not material to this invention. The opening and closing of shutter 32 relative to the projecting lens 22 is represented simply by the arrow which schematically represents reciprocation of the shutter into and out of the path of light to the lens 22. Similarly, field stop 42 is schematically represented by an arrow as moveable into and out of masking relationship to the vacated half of platen 28.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing description that an improved optical system has been provided for substantially doubling the capacity or throughput of a photocopying apparatus by the alternative modes of operation disclosed.
The foregoing description of an embodiment of this invention is given by way of illustration and not of limitation. The concept and scope of the invention are limited only by the following claims and equivalents thereof which may occur to others skilled in the art.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An optical system for alternatively projecting an image of a full object field in a first mode of operation and projecting a plurality of images of a partial object field in a second mode of operation, including: an object station defining an object field, said object field disposed within an integrating illumination cavity defined by an enclosure having a diffuse reflective inner member, an image station defining an image field, a first projection lens disposed on a first optical axis between said object and image stations, said object and image fields being respectively in object and image conjugate relationship to said first projection lens, a second projection lens disposed on a second optical axis between said object and image stations, a first part of said object field and a first part of said image field being respectively in object and image conjugate relationship to said first projection lens, said first part of said object field and a second part of said image field being respectively in object and image conjugate relationship to said second projection lens, a shutter operatively disposed relative to said second projection lens to close optical communication through said second projection lens in said first mode of operation and to open optical communication through said second projection lens in said second mode of operation, and a field stop operatively disposed in said image field and movable between a clear position to permit unobstructed optical communication between said object station and said image station in said first mode of operation and a masking position to mask out a second part of said object field in said second mode of operation.
2. An optical system as defined in claim 1 wherein said enclosure is movable between a first disposition in said first mode of operation in which the entire object field is exposed to said illumination cavity and a second disposition in said second mode of operation in which said first half of said object field is exposed to said illumination cavity.
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