US 4,108,773 AGrant
Oil Salvager
Issue Date:1978-08-22
•9 Claims
•2 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
The lower portion of an oil salvage intensity separation chamber is supported in a body of fluid, such as sea-water, upon which a contaminent, such as oil, is floating and in such a manner that there is relative movement between the chamber's lower portion and the oil contaminated sea-water; so that the contaminent oil moves into the chamber and, because of its lighter density the oil in globs or globlets, floats up through a column of sea-water collected in the chamber to be separated into a layer floating on top of the sea-water column. The relative movement is accomplished by mounting the chamber between the pontoons of a catamaran type vessel. A positionable scoop directs the oil into an inlet opening provided in the lower portion of the chamber; while a deflector directs the oil up into the column of sea-water. Positionable sea gates are provided to either open the bottom of the chamber to the sea-water, or to close same off therefrom. A sea-water opening is also provided in the lower portion of the chamber, but removed from the inlet; with a set of valves and a pump in communication therewith to either facilitate accumulating the column of sea-water in the chamber, or the withdrawal of sea-water therefrom as the oil/sea-water separation process continues. An oil outlet and pump are provided in the upper portion of the chamber to draw off the separated oil; which may then be pumped through a suitable conduit to a collecting facility, such as a barge.
Metadata
Inventor
- Salvatore Macaluso
Application Information
Application Number:US 8409536
Filing Date:1977-10-11
Priority Date:1977-01-25
Art Unit:177
Classifications
IPC:
B01D 1702
Field of Search:
2106183;84;109;153;172;122;242 R;242 S;73 R;73 W;513;521;522;532;533;536;537;538 ;539;540;DIG. 25;DIG. 261 F
Patent Drawings (2 sheets)
Description
Background of the Invention
1. Field of Application
This invention relates to equipment and a system for removing a contaminent floating upon a body of fluid; and more particularly to equipment and a system for cleaning up oil spills.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Environmentalists and public opinion have greatly impressed upon the public, industry and government (municipal, state, and federal) the need to clean up and maintain the cleanliness of our bodies of water, streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Great efforts and strides have been made to clean up the effluents directed into such bodies of water. However, sometimes by accident, and sometimes on purpose, contaminents are deposited or dumped into such bodies of water.
A number of such contaminents are of a lighter density then the water into which they are dumped, and such contaminents end up floating as a slick upon the body of water. One most common contaminent is oil which more often then desired is dumped, spilled or otherwise escapes into a body of water. Sometimes this occurs at off-shore drilling rigs, other times it happens while oil is being unloaded from, or loaded onto, oil carrying ships. Too often lately immense spills have resulted from collisions of oil carrying ships, or other accidents whereby oil from such ships is spilled or dumped into the water.
A great meny systems, and numerous types of equipment, have been offered to combat such oil spills, and assist in cleaning the contaminating oil from the surface of the water upon which it lays. Burning is obviously dangerous; while waiting for the wind and waves to disipate the oil may require too long a time and result in costly damage to shore, fish, and water fowl. Equipment such as that shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,693,801 granted on Sept. 26, 1972 to I. C. Pogonowski for Water Surface Skimmer With Check Valve; in U.S. Pat. No. 3,727,766 granted on Apr. 17, 1973 to D. M. Horne et al for Vacuum Skimming Apparatus For Removing Liquid Contaminents Floating In Confined Bodies of Water; and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,416 granted on Sept. 30, 1975 to C. I. Veld for Method And Apparatus For Separating Liquids Of Different Specific Gravities From a Mixture Of The Same, all require intake heads which float in the oil contaminated water and since each such head can only pick up a relatively limited amount of oil numerous heads and deploying beams and conduits are required. This greatly adds to the cost and complexity of such equipment. In addition, such equipment introduces the oil and sea-water mixture into the top of a separating chamber which must upset the separation process taking place therein since the separated oil must float on top of the sea-water in the chamber.
Alternative equipment, such as that shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,529,720 granted on Sept. 22, 1970 to D. Chablaix for Installation For Recovery Of A Liquid Floating On A Water Surface, and in Dutch Pat. No. 96,580 granted to Deutsche Werft Aktiengesellschaft for Apparatus For Separating Oil From A Mixture Of Water Oil And Air, also provide individual pick up heads of limited size and associate them with separation tanks and systems which are highly complex in operation and relatively expensive in price and operation. Still other available equipment such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,348,690 granted on Oct. 24, 1967 to J. Cornelissen for Catcher For Cleaning Water Surfaces; in U.S. Pat. No. 3,615,017 granted on Oct. 26, 1971 to J. M. Valdespino for Oil Entrapment And Containment Watercraft; and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,760,944 granted on Sept. 25, 1973 to E. A. Bell et al for Suction Oil Decanter, all show equipment and systems which suffer from deficiencies which limit their effective use. In Cornelissen for example, the intake is quite limited; while in Bell et al large volumes of intake air are required necessitating costly and complex air moving equipment. The Valdespino equipment, on the other hand, provides no means to control the extent of the intake, and by receiving such intake so close to the level at which oil separation occurs must contend with an inefficient separation system due to turbulence.
Summary of the Invention
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide new and improved oil salvage equipment.
It is another object of this invention to provide new and improved equipment for picking up a contaminent floating upon a fluid and separating the contaminent from the fluid.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide new and improved equipment for picking up oil floating upon water, separating the oil from the water, returning the water to the body of water and salvaging the oil.
It is yet still another object of this invention to provide new and improved equipment for mounting upon a water going vessel for picking up and separating from the water a contaminent.
It is yet still a further object of this invention to provide new and improved equipment and system for separating oil slick from water upon which it is floating.
This invention involves oil/water separating equipment; and contemplates providing an oil salvage intensity separation chamber which houses a column of water, and which due to relative movement between contaminent laden fluid and the chamber receives through an inlet passage the contaminent. Due to the relative densities of the contaminent and water the contaminent floats up through the water column to accumulate in a layer at the top where the contaminent is drawn off. A set of sea doors and an outlet and pump arrangement facilitate the process.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention in its details of construction and arrangement of parts will be seen from the above, from the following description of the preferred embodiment when considered with the drawings and from the appended claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective showing of a water-going vessel, in the form of a pontoon catamaran, which is carrying an oil salvager embodying the instant invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged detailed schematic showing of the oil salvager of FIG. 1, charged with water and ready to begin oil salvage operations;
FIG. 3 is a showing of the salvager of FIG. 1, showing same in the process of being charged;
FIG. 4 is a showing of the oil salvager of FIG. 1, taking in and processing oil floating upon water;
FIG. 5 is a showing of the top portion of the oil salvager of FIG. 4, showing same with oil being drawn off therefrom;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective showing of a modified form of water-going vessel with a modified oil salvager; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic elevational showing of the vessel and oil salvager of FIG. 6.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
For convenience the invention will be described as applied to an oil salvager in the form of a tank or chamber adapted to be mounted between the pontoons of a water-going catamaran. The tank is formed of steel and is provided with inlet and outlet openings and a plurality of metal pipes. It should be understood, nevertheless, that without departing from the scope of this invention that the tank or chamber, as well as the pipes, may be formed of aluminum, plastic, fiberglass or other suitable materials and that such tank or chamber may be placed in the contaminated water by any suitable means or transported therethrough by any suitable water-going craft or vessel.
With reference to FIG. 1, there is generally shown at 10 a water-going vessel in the form of a catamaran 12 having a pair of pontoons 14, 16 conventionally interconnected as by cross-braces or other suitable means 18, 20. Suitable controls and motive means are provided for vessel 10; with housing for such controls, and for the skipper and crew in a wheel house 24.
An oil salvager 30 (FIGS. 1-5) is appropriately secured to and carried by vessel 10. Salvager 30 includes an oil intensity separation chamber, or tank, 32 in the form of a cylinder of generally circular cross-section formed with a steel skin or wall 34. While a tank of circular cross-section has been selected for description it should be understood that any convenient cross-section may just as well have been selected. The bottom wall of tank 32 includes a pair of sea-doors 36, 38 which are adapted to close against a pair of ports 40, 42 in the form of screens or grates. Appropriate remote controlled mechanisms are provided to move sea doors 36, 38 between an open position (FIGS. 2 and 4) wherein sea-water is allowed to move through ports 40, 42 in or out chamber 32, and a closed position (FIG. 3) wherein access of sea-water into tank 32 is fully closed off.
An inlet opening 50 is formed in the lower portion of tank 32 in a position wherein such opening would normally be beneath the level 52 of the water within which salvaged 30 is to operate. An inlet gate 54 is provided to close off and control the extent of the opening of inlet opening 50. Suitable and conventional remote controlled mechanisms are provided to operate gate 54. A baffle 56 is provided within tank 32 proximate inlet opening 50 to direct fluids passing through opening 50 in a generally upwards direction. A scoop plate 60 is hingedly supported as at 62 to the outside of tank 32 proximate inlet opening 50. A hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly 64 are connected to scoop plate 60 and to appropriate and conventional remote control means to facilitate adjustment of scoop plate 60; and the interaction between same and the oil slick 70 which is floating upon water 72.
A fluid passage 80 is also provided in tank 30 in the lower portion thereof but removed from inlet 50. A baffle plate 82 is disposed within tank 30 proximate passage 80; while a fluid conduit 84 extends from fluid passage 80. A fluid pipe 86 extends down from conduit 84 into fluid 72 and includes a valve 88. A by-pass pipe 90, with a valve 92 span a section of conduit 84 from a position proximate passage 80 to a position removed therefrom. A fluid pump 96 is disposed in conduit 84 between pipe 86 and the far end of by-pass 90; while valve 98 is disposed in conduit 84 between the near end of by-pass 90 and pipe 86, and another valve 100 is disposed in conduit 84 passed the far end of by-pass 90. An outlet opening 102 is thereafter provided in conduit 84. Valves 88, 92, 98 and 100 are conventional and capable of either direct operation, or remote operation through suitable and conventional controls.
The upper portion of tank 32 includes an atmosphere pipe 110 with a valve 112; as well as an oil outlet opening 114 leading into an oil outlet pipe 116. An oil pump 118 is connected to pipe 116; and a valve 120 is provided in pipe 116 between outlet 114 and pump 118. An oil discharge 122 is provided from pipe 116. Valves 112 and 120 may be either directly controlled, or they may be remotely controlled from suitable and conventional remote control means.
Pumps 96 and 118; any remote control means for valves 88, 92, 98, 100, 112 and 120; and hydraulic assembly 64 for scoop 60 are all suitably connected by remotely controllable means to a suitable and centrally located place such as wheel house 24.
Prior to operating oil salvager 30, tank 32 must be charged to provide a column 140 of fluid therewithin. This is accomplished by closing off valves 120, 98, & 100; inlet gate 54 and sea doors 36, 38. Valves 112, 88, and 92 are opened. Pump 96 is activated and water 72 is drawn into pipe 86, through pump 96, by-pass 90, conduit 84, passage 80 and into chamber 32. This action is shown in FIG. 3. When the column of water 140 raises to a level above oil outlet opening 114 pump 96 is shut down; valves 112, 88 and 92 are closed; and valve 100, gate 54 and sea doors 36, 38 are opened.
At this time a state of equilibrium is established with the weight of column 140 of water creating a vacuum intensity to form in the space 142 above column 140 and below the top of tank 32; and with the sum of both equal to atmospheric pressure 150. Thus column 140 is supported by atmospheric pressure 150 and this column will not diminish unless a substance (oil or the like) is introduced in tank 32. When a substance such as oil or oil and water, of a given volumne enters chamber 32, the balance thus created is upset; and an equal volume of column of water 140 must be allowed to escape from tank 32.
Oil salvager 30 is now charged and ready for operation. To operate same, valve 98 is opened and water pump 96 is activated. That portion of water column 140 being pumped from chamber 32 is channeled by deflector 82, (the function of which, is to prevent rising oil in water column 140 from entering conduit 84 and pump 96) then goes through conduit 84, pump 96 and is discharged through discharge 102. The water discharged through opening 102 will be free of oil. Simultaneously an equal amount of oil spill fluid 70 is directed upward by deflector 56 and immediately oil in the form of globlets and globs separates from the water and rises to the top of column 140 to rest on the water surface and under space 142.
As the pumping operation continues the collecting globlets and globs of oil become oil body 154. When oil body 154 becomes large enough (FIG. 4), valve 120 is opened, oil pump 118 is activated and oil vacates chamber 32 through oil outlet pipe 116 and is pushed through oil discharge 122 to a storage tank, or as shown in FIG. 1 through a hose 160 to a barge 162.
The operation of oil salvages 30 thus goes on in a continuous manner until the entire spill is cleaned up. Oil floats up through column of water 140 and is removed by pump 118 while excess water taken in through inlet 50 and sea doors 36, 38 is pumped out by pump 96; the setting of the sea doors, ports and valves being such as to maintain a state of equilibrium. The movement of vessel 10 through the spill also helps direct oil and water into inlet 50, and the separation action within chamber 32.
If desired, extenders or jibs 170, 172 (FIG. 1) may be secured to the front of vessel 10 to direct the oil spill toward oil salvager 30.
In FIGS. 6 and 7, there is shown a vessel 200 mounting a set of jibs 202, 204 to direct an oil spill 206 into the opening 210 of an oil salvager 212 carried by vessel 200. Oil salvager 212 is identical in operation to salvager 30 of FIGS. 1-5 but is formed to the configuration shown.
Opening 210 is adjustable to control the amount of oil slick entering oil salvager 212. Sea doors 220, 222, and 224 are provided into the bottom of oil salvager 212. A water pump 330 is provided in a conduit 232, and a by pass 234 and valve 236 are provided for conduit 232 about pump 230. A pair of valves 240, 242 are provided in conduit 232 as is a water discharge outlet 244.
A pipe 250, and valve 252 leads from the top of oil salvager 212 to atmosphere; while an oil discharge pipe 260 is provided from the upper portion of oil salvager 212. A valve 262 and oil pump 264 are provided in pipe 260 which is also formed with an oil discharge opening 266. From discharge opening oil is conveyed by suitable means to a barge or other container. A slow moving and suitably driven impeller 270 may be disposed in oil salvager 212 to assist the separation process.
From the above description it will thus be seen that novel and improved equipment has been provided to pick up oil spills from water and to separate the oil therefrom; which equipment operates by an extremely simplified method, is efficient and effective, and will remove even discoloration from a water's surface caused by the thinnest film of oil or other contaminent. This invention permits a high volume of oil to be salvaged, as the size of the device is limited only by the strength of materials available for use and construction.
It is understood that although I have shown the preferred form of my invention that various modifications may be made in the details thereof without departing from the spirit as comprehended by the following claims.
Claims
I claim:
1. A contaminent salvager; comprising: (a) chamber means of a size and configuration to receive and hold a predetermined quantity of fluid having a contaminent, said contaminent being of a lesser density and immiscible with said fluid, and wherein said chamber is sized to permit separation of said fluid and contaminent into immiscible layers. (b) carrying means for positioning said chamber means in a body of fluid which may have a contaminent floating upon its surface, wherein said carrying means is a water-going vessel of the catamaran type having a pair of pontoons disposed one to each side of said chamber means; (c) means to fill said chamber means to an operating level; (d) buoyancy regulation means comprising the elements of contaminated fluid inlet means leading directly into said chamber means proximate a lower portion thereof and being disposed between said pontoons; fluid outlet means leading directly from said chamber means proximate said lower portion thereof and spaced from said contaminated fluid inlet means; contaminent outlet means disposed proximate an upper portion of said chamber means; atmosphere communication means connecting said upper portion of said chamber means to the atmosphere above said position of said contaminent outlet mean; means for creating relative movement between said chamber means and the contaminated fluid so that contaminated fluid enters said inlet means; the contaminent floating up through said predetermined quantity of fluid to form a layer thereupon; and at least one fluid door means disposed below the level of said inlet and outlet means, and being openable and closable to the body of fluid to permit selective communication therewith, said elements functioning singly or in any combination thereof to maintain said salvager at a substantially constant buoyancy.
2. The salvager of claim 1, wherein said chamber means is in the configuration of a cylindrical tank.
3. The salvager of claim 1, wherein the contaminent is oil.
4. The salvager of claim 1, wherein pump means are provided in communication with said fluid outlet means, to either pump fluid into said chamber means to facilitate disposition therein of said predetermined body of fluid; or to pump fluid from said chamber means while the salvager is separating contaminent from the fluid.
5. The salvager of claim 4, wherein said pump means includes: (a) first pipe means extending out from said fluid outlet means; (b) second pipe means extending from said first pipe means in a direction to be immersed into the body of fluid within which said chamber means is to be disposed, and dividing said first pipe means into a first pipe portion, extending from said fluid outlet from said chamber means to the place of inter-connection of said second pipe means and said first pipe means, and a second pipe portion extend from said place of inter-connection of said second pipe means to said first pipe means; (c) second pipe valve means disposed in said second pipe means; (d) first valve means disposed in said first pipe portion of said first pipe means; (e) said pump means communicating with said first pipe means in said second portion thereof; (f) by-pass pipe means leading from said first portion of said first pipe means, between said fluid outlet from said chamber means and said first valve means, to a place in said second portion of said first pipe means to the side of said pump means opposite to that where said second pipe means is disposed; (g) second valve means disposed in said second portion of said first pipe means at a location opposite to said place where said by-pass pipe communicates therewith from where said pump means is located; and (h) by-pass pipe valve means disposed in said by-pass pipe.
6. The salvager of claim 1, wherein grating means are disposed within said chamber means proximate said door means.
7. The salvager of claim 6, wherein there are a plurality of doors for said fluid door means.
8. The salvager of claim 1, wherein contaminent pump means are provided in communication with said contaminent outlet means to facilitate removal of contaminent from said chamber means.
9. The salvager of claim 1, wherein scoop means are provided outside said chamber means proximate said contaminent fluid inlet means; and selective adjustment means are provided to selectively adjust said scoop means with respect to the body of contaminated fluid.
Patent Citations (4)
| Patent | Date | Inventor | Cited By |
|---|---|---|---|
| US3532219 | 1970-10-01 | Valdespino | |
| US3715034 | 1973-02-01 | Ivanoff | |
| US3753492 | 1973-08-01 | Aiello et al. | |
| US3909416 | 1975-09-01 | Veld |