Hindered Piperidine Carboxylic Acids, Metal Salts Thereof and Stabilized Compositions

This invention relates to the stabilization of organic material normally tending to deteriorate. In particular, the invention relates to the protection of synthetic polymers against the harmful degradative effects, such as discoloration and embrittlement caused by exposure to light, especially ultraviolet light.

It is known that actinic radiation, particularly in the near ultraviolet region, has a deleterious effect on both the appearance and properties of organic polymers. For example, normally colorless or light colored polyesters yellow on exposure to sunlight as do such cellulosics as cellulose acetate. Polystyrene discolors and cracks, with accompanying loss of its desirable physical properties when exposed to actinic light, while vinyl resins, such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate spot and degrade. The rate of air oxidation of polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene is materially accelerated by ultraviolet light.

It has been proposed to stabilize polymeric materials against ultraviolet light deterioration by the use of various types of ultraviolet absorbers. Thus U.S. Pat. No. 3,004,896 discloses for this purpose 2(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole derivatives, while U.S. Pat. No. 3,189,630 discloses certain metal salts of hydroxybenzoic acids which are useful as actinic stabilizers in synthetic polymers.

Additionally, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,120,540 there is discussed the reaction of substituted 4-piperidinol compounds with acid anhydrides having the formula ##STR2## where n is 1 to 4, to yield bis(polymethyl)-4-piperidinol alkanoates. In the example of this patent the probable formation of ##STR3## is mentioned as an intermediate in the synthesis of the bis(hydrogen sulfate)salt of bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate. The compounds of U.S. Pat. No. 3,120,540 are taught to possess significant pharmacological activity in lowering blood pressure. We have now found that certain acid half esters of hindered piperidines stabilize organic substrates against the degradative effect of ultraviolet light and that the degree of stabilization achieved is significantly greater in the case of higher acid half esters than in the case of the above-mentioned succinic acid half-ester. We have also found that certain hetero-atom containing piperidine half-esters and salts of piperidine half-esters are useful as stabilizers of organic materials.

The present invention is accordingly directed to a new class of ultraviolet light stabilizers which consist of a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of each other are straight- or branched-chain alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or together with the carbon to which they are bound form a cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl ring, which is unsubstituted or substituted with a methyl group,

R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, .beta.-methoxyethyl, alkenyl having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, propargyl, benzyl or alkyl substituted benzyl,

R.sub.4 is straight- or branched-chain alkylene having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or the group (CH.sub.2).sub.m Y(CH.sub.2).sub.n wherein Y is oxygen or sulfur and m and n independently of each other are an integer from 1 to 3,

M is hydrogen or a metal selected from the group consisting of barium, nickel, manganese, calcium, zinc, iron, sodium, potassium, cobalt, tin and dialkyl tin, magnesium, and copper,

z has a value of from 1 to 4, the value of z being the same as the available valence of M.

Examples of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl and n-hexyl. Preferably, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each a methyl group. Representative of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 as cycloalkyl groups are cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, 2-methyl, 3-methyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl, and 2-methyl and 3-methylcyclopentyl. The preferred cycloalkyl groups are cyclohexyl and 2-methylcyclohexyl. Most preferably, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each a methyl group.

Substituent R.sub.3 can be hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, methyl being particularly preferred, .beta.-methoxyethyl, alkenyl having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably allyl, propargyl, benzyl or alkyl substituted benzyl. Hydrogen and methyl are particularly preferred.

Examples of R.sub.3 are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-nexyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, alkyl, .alpha.-methallyl, propargyl, benzyl, .alpha.-methyl-benzyl, p-methylbenzyl and .alpha., p-dimethylbenzyl.

The preferred alkylene residue R.sub.4 is straight-chain alkylene having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, or the group (CH.sub.2).sub.m Y(CH.sub.2).sub.n wherein Y is oxygen or sulfur and m and n independently of each other are 1 or 2.

Among the substituents represented by M, hydrogen, nickel and manganese are preferred. Particularly preferred are hydrogen and nickel. Another preferred substituent represented by M is barium.

This invention also relates to compositions of matter which are stabilized against ultraviolet light deterioration which comprises a synthetic organic polymer normally subject to ultraviolet deterioration containing from about 0.005% to 5% by weight of the polymer of the compounds of formula I and preferably from 0.01 to 2% by weight.

The compounds as represented by formula I, can be used in combination with other light stabilizers such as 2(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, 2-hydroxybenzophenones, nickel complexes and benzoates.

The compounds of this invention are stabilizers of organic materials normally subject to thermal, oxidative or actinic light deterioration. Materials which are thus stabilized include synthetic organic polymeric substances including homopolymers, copolymers, and mixtures thereof, such as vinyl resins formed from the polymerization of vinyl halides with unsaturated polymerizable compounds, e.g., vinyl esters, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated acids, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated esters, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketones, .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as butadienes and styrene; poly-.alpha.-olefins such as high and low density polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(4-methylpentane-1) and the like, including copolymers of .alpha.-olefins; such as ethylene-propylene copolymers, and the like; dienes such as polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and the like, including copolymers with other monomers; polyurethanes such as are prepared from polyols and organic polyisocyanates, and polyamides such as polyhexamethylene adipamide and polycaprolactam; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalates; polycarbonates such as those prepared from bisphenol-A and phosgene; polyacetals such as polyethylene terephthalate polyacetal; polystyrene, polyethyleneoxide; polyacrylics such as polyacrylonitrile; polyphenyleneoxides such as those prepared from 2,6-dimethylphenol and the like; and copolymers such as those of polystyrene containing copolymers of butadiene and styrene and those formed by the copolymerization of acrylonitrile, butadiene and/or styrene.

Other materials which can be stabilized by the compounds of the present invention include lubricating oil of the aliphatic ester type, i.e., di(1,2-ethylene)-azelate, pentaerythritol tetracaproate, and the like; animal and vegetable derived oils, e.g., linseed oil, fat, tallow, lard, peanut oil, cod liver oil, castor oil, palm oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, and the like; hydrocarbon materials such as gasoline, mineral oil, fuel oil, drying oil, cutting fluids, waxes, resins, and the like, salts of fatty acids such as soaps and the like; and alkylene glycols, e.g., .beta.-methoxyethyleneglycol, methoxytriethyleneglycol, triethylene glycol, octaethyleneglycol, dibutyleneglycol, dipropyleneglycol and the like.

The compounds of this invention are particularly useful as UV light stabilizers, especially for the protection of polyolefins, for instance, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(butene-1), poly(pentene-1), poly(3-methybutene-1), poly(4-methylpentene-1), various ethylene-propylene copolymers and the like.

In general, the stabilizers of this invention are employed from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the stabilized composition, although this will vary with the particular substrate and application. An advantageous range is from about 0.05 to about 2% and especially 0.1 to about 1%.

For addition to polymeric substrates, the stabilizers can be blended before polymerization or after polymerization, during the usual processing operations, for example, by hot-milling, the composition then being extruded, pressed, blow molded or the like into films, fibers, filaments, hollow spheres and the like. The heat stabilizing properties of these compounds may advantageously stabilize the polymer against degradation during such processing at the high temperature generally encountered. The stabilizers can also be dissolved in suitable solvents and sprayed on the surface of films, fabrics, filaments or the like to provide effective stabilization. Where the polymer is prepared from a liquid monomer as in the case of styrene, the stabilizer may be dispersed or dissolved in the monomer prior to polymerization or curing.

These compounds can also be used in combination with other additives such as antioxidants, sulfur-containing esters such as distearyl-.beta.-thiodipropionate (DSTDP), dilauryl-.beta.-thiodipropionate (DLTDP) in an amount of from 0.01 to 2% by weight of the organic material, and the like, pourpoint depressants, corrosion and rust inhibitors, dispersing agents, demulsifiers, antifoaming agents, fillers such as glass or other fibers, carbon black, accelerators and the other chemicals used in rubber compounding, plasticizers, color stabilizers, di- and trialkyl- and -alkylphenylphosphites, as well as other phosphites, e.g., distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphites, heat stabilizers, ultraviolet light stabilizers, antiozonants, dyes, pigments, metal chelating agents, dyesites and the like. Often combinations such as these, particularly the sulfur containing esters, the phosphites and/or the ultraviolet light stabilizers will produce superior results in certain applications to those expected by the properties of the individual components.

The following formula represents co-stabilizers which are in certain instances very useful in combination with the stabilizers of this invention: ##STR5## wherein R is an alkyl group having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms; and n is an integer from 1 to 6. Especially useful compounds of this type are dilauryl-.beta.-thiodipropionate and distearyl-.beta.-thiodipropionate. The above co-stabilizers are used in the amount of from 0.01 to 2% by weight of the organic material, and preferably from 0.1 to 1%.

Although the compounds of this invention may to some degree also be effective as thermal stabilizers, if the processing of the polymer is carried out at high temperatures it is advantageous to incorporate additional antioxidants.

In most applications, it is desirable to incorporate into the resin composition, sufficient thermal antioxidants to protect the plastic against thermal and oxidative degradation. The amount of antioxidant required will be comparable to that of the actinic stabilizer. Namely, from about 0.005% to 5% and preferably from 0.01% to 2% by weight. Representative of such antioxidants are phosphite esters, such as triphenylphosphite and dibutylphosphite and alkyl arylphosphites such as dibutyl-phenylphosphite, and the like.

The best results have been obtained with the preferred class of thermal antioxidants, the hindered phenols. These compounds have been found to provide the best thermal stabilization with the least discoloration in the composition of the invention. Among these phenolic antioxidants are included the following:

di-n-octadecyl(3-5-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate

2,6-di-t-butylphenol

2,2'-methylene-bis(6-t-butyl-4-methylphenol)

2,6-di-t-butylhydroquinone

octadecyl-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-thio)acetate

1,1,3-tris(3-t-butyl-6-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butane

1,4-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-5,6-tetramethylbenzene

2,4-bis-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-6-(n-octylthio)-1,3,5-triazine

2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenoxy)-6-(n-octylthioethylthio)-1,3,5-tr iazine

2,4-bis-(n-octylthio)-6-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine

2,4,6-tris-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine

n-octadecyl-.beta.-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate

n-octadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

2-(n-octylthio)ethyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

stearamido N,N-bis-[ethylene 3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate ]

1,2-propylene glycol bis-[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]

pentaerythritol tetrakis-[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate ]

dioctadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate

di-n-octadecyl-1-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanephosphonate

The above phenolic hydrocarbon stabilizers are known and many are commercially available.

The above antioxidants have been listed only for the purpose of illustration and it is important to note that any other antioxidant can be employed with similar improved results. The above exemplified antioxidants and other related antioxdants which are incorporated herein by reference, are disclosed in greater detail in the following patents: Netherlands Patent Specification 67/1119, issued Feb. 19, 1968; Netherlands Patent Specification 68/03498 issued Sept. 18, 1968; U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,255,191; 3,330,859, 3,644,482, 3,281,505; 3,531,483, 3,285,855; 3,364,250; 3,368,997; 3,357,944 and 3,758,549.

The compounds of this invention may be prepared by reacting a piperidinol of the formula ##STR6## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 are as defined above via a usual esterification procedure with a diacid of the formula ##STR7## wherein R.sub.4 is as defined above, or conveniently with a acid anhydride in the case of diglycolic anhydride and the like. In the process of reacting an acid of formula III with a compound of formula II the esterification catalyst is preferably a neutral catalyst, for instance a tetraalkyl titanate.

The acids and acid anhydrides which are reacted with the compounds of formula II may be prepared by methods well known in the art.

The metal salts of the present invention can be prepared by treating the hindered piperidine carboxylic acids of formula I with a reactive form of the metal or metal complex, e.g., sodium hydroxide or the like. Alternatively, and preferably in the case of metal complexes and metals other than the alkali metals, a double decomposition is employed. Thus, for example, a sodium salt of the present invention is treated with nickel chloride. In a similar fashion use of other halides such as manganese dichloride, barium chloride and the like results in formation of the corresponding metal derivative.

The compounds of formula II may be prepared according to procedures presented in Patent Application Ser. No. 408,123 (Docket Number 3-8486/MA 1530), filed Oct. 19, 1973.

The following examples, presented for illustration and not limitation, will further serve to typify the nature of the present invention.

A. In a 3 liter 3-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, condenser with water separator and drying tube, and nitrogen inlet tube was placed a mixture of 161.6 g (0.8 moles) of sebacic acid, 50.4 g (0.32 moles) of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol and 2000 ml of xylene. To the mixture was added 9.6 ml (0.032 moles) of tetraisopropyl titanate. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux with stirring and 6.0 ml of water were collected over a 30-hour period. The reaction mixture was cooled and the xylene was removed by decantation. The residue was recrystallized from warm dimethylformamide, then from isopropanol, yielding 26.9 g of white crystals, m.p. 174.degree. to 178.degree. C of the desired material.

B. By following the above procedure (A), and substituting for the sebacic acid an equivalent amount of:

(a) pimelic acid

(b) tetramethyl succinic acid

(c) azelaic acid

(d) thiodipropionic acid

(e) suberic acid

(f) thiodiglycolic acid

there is respectively obtained the following compounds:

(a) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)pimelate

(b) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)tetramethyl succinate

(c) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol) azelate

(d) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol) thiodipropionate

(e) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol) suberate

(f) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol) thiodiglycolate.

C. By essentially following the above procedure (A), and substituting the reactants appropriate quantities of the following reagents

(a) 1-n-dodecyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol and sebacic acid

(b) 1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol and azelaic acid

(c) 1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol and suberic acid

there is respectively obtained the following compounds:

(a) o-mono(1-n-dodecyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol)sebacate

(b) o-mono(1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol)azelate

(c) o-mono(1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4ol)suberate.

In a 1 liter 3-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, condenser with water separator and drying tube, and nitrogen inlet, was placed 18.93 g (0.10 moles) of 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-piperidin-4-ol monohydrate and 500 ml of xylene. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux with stirring until 1.8 ml of water had been collected in the water separator. The reaction mixture was cooled to 40.degree. C and 11.6 g (0.10 moles) of diglycolic anhydride were added. The reaction mixture was heated slowly to reflux. The anhydride appeared to go into solution; then a precipitate was noted. The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 4 hours and allowed to cool overnight. The precipitated solids were collected by suction, washed with hexane and dried in air. The product was recrystallized from ethanol-isopropanol, and dried under vacuum at 60.degree. C over P.sub.2 O.sub.5, yielding 14.7 g of colorless crystals, m.p. 194.degree.-198.degree. C, of the desired material.

A. In a 2 liter 3-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, dropping funnel, stirrer and nitrogen inlet were placed 20.49 g (0.06 moles) of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)sebacate and 1200 ml of absolute methanol. To the mixture was added via pipette 60 ml of 1 N KOH in methanol. To the clear solution was then added a solution of 7.13 g (0.03 moles) of NiCl.sub.2 6H.sub.2 O in 120 ml of absolute methanol over a 10 minute period. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and at 50.degree. C for 1 hour. The green methanolic solution was then evaporated under reduced pressure and 1200 ml of isopropanol was added. The isopropanol solution was heated to 50.degree. C for one hour and allowed to stand overnight. The isopropanol solution was filtered with suction and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with 850 ml of benzene, filtered with suction, and the benzene solution evaporated under reduced pressure and dries at 70.degree. C under vacuum, yielding 18.5 g of a pale green glassy solid of the desired material.

B. By following the above procedure (A) and substituting for the o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4ol)sebacate and equivalent amount of

(a) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)pimelate

(b) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4ol)tetramethyl succinate

(c) o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)thiodiglycolate

(d) o-mono(1-n-dodecyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)sebacate

(e) o-mono(1-benzyl-2,2-6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol)azelate

(f) o-mono(1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol)suberate

There is respectively obtained the following compounds:

(a) nickel complex of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)pimelate

(b) nickel complex of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)tetramethyl succinate

(c) nickel complex of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)thiodiglycolate

(d) nickel complex of o-mono(1-n-dodecyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol)sebacate

(e) nickel complex of o-mono(1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol)azelate

(f) nickel complex of o-mono(1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidin-4-ol)suberate.

By essentially following the procedure of Example 3(A) and substituting the following metal complexes for nickel chloride:

(a) manganese chloride

(b) zinc chloride

(c) ferric chloride

(d) cobalt(ous) chloride

(e) magnesium chloride

(f) calcium chloride

(f) cupric chloride

there is thus respectively obtained:

(a) manganese complex of bis[o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate], a brown resin

(b) zinc complex of bis[o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate], a white resin

(c) iron complex of bis[o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate]

(d) cobalt complex of bis[o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate], a blue violet solid

(e) magnesium complex of bis[o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate], a colorless solid

(f) calcium complex of bis[o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate], a colorless solid

(g) cupric complex of bis[o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate], a blue-green solid

In a 100 ml 1-necked flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and distillation head were placed 2.87 g (0.01 moles) of o-mono(1,2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)diglycolate, 1.26 g (0.005 moles) of nickel acetate tetrahydrate and 50 ml of water. The reaction mixture was heated slowly to distillation temperature. The distillate collected was assayed by titration with 0.1 N KOH with phenophthalein as indicator. The distillation was continued until 98% of the theoretical amount of acetic acid had been collected. The reaction mixture was then evaporated under vacuum, and the residue dissolved in methanol, filtered and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure. The green powdery residue, m.p. 210.degree. (d) weighed 3.28 g and proved to be the desired material.

In a 300 ml 3-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, condenser with Dean-Stark trap and drying tube and nitrogen inlet were placed 6.83 g (0.02 moles) of o-mono (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate, 2.4 g (0.01 moles) of di-n-butyltin oxide and 200 ml. of dry xylene. The reaction mixture was heated to boiling under reflux with stirring over a 20 minute period, and the reagents went into solution. The reflux was maintained for 11/2 hours, during which time approximately 0.1 ml of water was collected. The reaction mixture was then cooled, transferred to a 500 ml 1-necked flask, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dried under vacuum at 65.degree./0.1 mm yielding the desired di-n-butyltin complex as a colorless oil.

A. In a 1-liter 1-necked flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer were placed 7.35 g (0.0215 moles) of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate and 200 ml of methanol. To the stirred suspension was added 20 ml of a 1.076N solution of Ba(OH).sub.2 in methanol. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes and the slurry changed in character to a milky solution. The reaction mixture was then evaporated to dryness under pressure and the residue dried under vacuum at 65.degree./0.1 mm yielding the desired barium salt as a white resinous solid.

B. By essentially following the above procedure of Example 7(A), the sodium and potassium salts of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate are prepared.

Deterioration of most polymers caused by utlraviolet light is so slow at ambient temperatures, even in the absence of stabilizers, that testing of the effects of stabilizers generally must be conducted either at higher temperatures or in an accelerated artificial light exposure device in order to yield results in a convenient period of time. The tests conducted on polymers using an artificial light exposure device is described below:

(a) Sample Preparation

5 mil Film -- Unstabilized polypropylene powder (Hercules Profax 6501) is thoroughly blended with the indicated amounts of additives. The blended material is then milled on a two roll mill for 5 minutes at 182.degree. C. The milled sheet is then compression molded at 220.degree. C into 5 mil thick film under a pressure of 175 psi and water cooled in the press.

(b) Testing Method

This test is conducted in an FS/BL unit, basically of the American Cyanamid design, which consists of 40 tubes of alternating fluorescent sunlamps and black lights (20 of each). The 5 mil sample film which are mounted on 3 .times. 2 inch IR card holders with 1/4 .times. 1 inch windows and are placed on a rotating drum 2 inches from the bulbs in the FS/BL unit. The time in hours is noted for the development of 0.5 carbonyl absorbance units as determined on an Infrared Spectophotometer. The development of carbonyl functional groups in the polymer is proportional to the amount of degradation caused by the ultraviolet light exposure.

The test results reported below were obtained according to the procedures described above. The amounts of the additives are expressed in weight percent based on the weight of the polymer.

Proportionately good stabilization is obtained when in the Compositions of Tables I-VI the compounds of this invention are present in the concentrations of 0.1% and 1%.

Other hindered phenolic antioxidants may be used in place of di-octadecyl(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) phosphonate in the above mentioned compositions for example, di-n-octadecyl .alpha.-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-4-methylbenzyl)malonate, 2,4-bis(n-octylthio)-6-(3,4-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyaniline)-1,3,5-triazine, octadecyl 3-(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, pentaerythritol-tetra-kis.+-.3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)lpropionate , tris-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, N,N,N-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, and 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene.

The compositions of Tables I-VI are also stabilized when 2(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole is replaced with the following UV absorbers:

(a) 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone trihydrate

(b) 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone

(c) .+-.2,2'-thiobis(4-t-octylphenolate)1-n-butylamine nickel II

(d) p-octylphenyl salicylate

(e) 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone

(f) 2(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole.

High impact polystyrene resin containing elastomer (i.e., butadiene-styrene) is stabilized against loss of elongation properties due to exposure to ultraviolet light by incorporation of 0.3% by weight of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate.

The unstabilized resin is dissolved in chloroform and the stabilizer then added, after which the mixture is cast on a glass plate and the solvent evaporated to yield a uniform film which, upon drying, is removed and cut up, and then pressed for 7 minutes at a temperature of 163.degree. C and a pressure of 2,000 pounds per square inch into a sheet of uniform thickness (25 mil). The sheets are then cut into strips approximately 4 .times. 0.5 inches. A portion of these strips is then measured for percent of elongation in the Instron Tensil Testing Apparatus (Instron Engineering Corporation, Quincy, Massachusetts). The remaining portions of the strips are placed in an FS/BL chamber according to Example 6(B) except that the samples are mounted on white cardboard stock and the time to 50% reduction in elongation is measured. The stabilized polystyrene resin retains its elongation property longer than the unstabilized resin.

Unstabilized linear polyethylene is solvent blended in methylene chloride with 0.5% by weight of the substrate of the barium complex of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)sebacate and then vacuum dried. The resin is then extrusion compounded on a 1 inch 24/1=L/D extruder, melt temperature 450.degree. F (232.degree. C) and pressed for 7 minutes at a temperature of 163.degree. C and a pressure of 2000 psi into a sheet of uniform thickness of 100 mil. The sheets are then cut into plaques of 2 inch .times. 2 inch. The plaques are then exposed in an FS/BL exposure device and color measurements made periodically using a Hunter Color Difference Meter Model D25. Polyethylene stabilized with the above compound is found to be much more stable than the unstabilized polyethylene or the polyethylene stabilized only with an antioxidant.

A quantity of SBR emulsion containing 100 g of rubber (500 ml of 20% SBR obtained from Texas U.S., Synpol 1500) previously stored under nitrogen, is placed in a beaker and stirred vigorously. The pH of the emulsion is adjusted to 10.5 with an 0.5N NaOH solution.

To the emulsion is added 50 ml of 25% NaCl solution. A 6% NaCl solution adjusted with hydrochloric acid to a pH 1.5 is added in a thin stream with vigorous stirring. When pH 6.5 is reached, the rubber begins to coagulate and the addition is slowed down in order to maintain uniform agitation. The addition of the acidic 6% NaCl solution is terminated when a pH 3.5 is reached. The coagulated crumb-rubber slurry at pH 3.5 is stirred for 1/2 hour.

The coagulated rubber is isolated by filtration through cheese cloth, and rinsed with distilled water. After three subsequent washings with fresh distilled water, the coagulated rubber is dried, first at 25 mm Hg and finally to constant weight under high vacuum (>1 mm) at 40.degree.-45.degree. C.

The dried rubber (25 g) is heated under nitrogen at 125.degree. C in a Brabender mixer and to this is added with mixing 0.25 g (0.5%) of o-mono(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl piperidin-4-ol)diglycolate. The Composition is mixed for 5 minutes after which it is cooled and compression molded at 125.degree. C into 5 inches .times. 0.025 inch plaques.

The 50 g of polyacetal resin containing 0.1% of an acid scavenger, dicyandiamide, is added 0.2% by weight of the calcium complex of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)thiodiglycolate and milled for 7 minutes at 200.degree. C in a Brabender Plasti-recorder. The milled formulation is subsequently pressed into a 40 mil sheet at 215.degree. C at 350 psi for 90 seconds then cooled quickly in a cold press at 350 psi. The stabilized sheets are then remolded for 2 minutes at contact pressure and for 3 minutes at 300 psi at 215.degree. C to give plaques 11/2 inch .times. 21/4 inch .times. 125 mil. Thereafter, the testing procedure of Example 8 is followed to determine the light stability of the samples. The stabilized samples are found to be much more stable than the unstabilized samples.

Unstabilized thoroughly dried polyethylene terephthalate chips are dry blended with 1.0% of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol)suberate. 60/10 denier multifilament is melt spun at a melt temperature of 290.degree. C. The oriented fiber is wound on white cards and exposed in an Xenon Arc Fadeometer. Color measurements are made periodically with a Hunter Color Difference Meter Model D25. The stabilized samples are found to be much more light stable than the unstabilized samples.

(a) A composition comprising acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer and 1% by weight of the magnesium complex of o-mono(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl piperidin-4-ol)diglycolate resists embrittlement due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

(b) A composition comprising polyurethane prepared from toluene diisocyanate and alkylene polyols and 1.0% by weight of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)tetramethyl succinate is more stable to sunlight, fluorescent sunlamps, black lights and fluorescent lights than the unformulated polyurethane.

(c) A composition comprising a polycarbonate prepared from bisphenol-A and phosgene and 1% by weight of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)pimelate resists discoloration due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

(d) A composition comprising polymethylmethacrylate and 0.25% by weight of the potassium complex of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)azelate resists discoloration due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

(a) A stabilized polyamide (nylon 6,6) is prepared by incorporating therein 0.1% of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)sebacate. The light stability of the stabilized composition is superior to that of an unstabilized polyamide.

(b) A stabilized polyphenylene oxide polymer (prepared by polymerizing 2,6-dimethylphenol is prepared by incorporating therein 0.5% by weight of the copper complex of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)sebacate. The stabilized compositions resist embrittlement due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

(c) A stabilized crystalline polystyrene is prepared by incorporating therein 0.1% by weight of the barium complex of o-mono(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-ol)sebacate. The stabilized composition resists embrittlement due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

Antioxidants may also be incorporated into each of the above mentioned compositions, for example, di-n-octadecyl-.alpha.,.alpha.'-bis(3-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malon ate, 2,4-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenoxy)-6-(n-octylthioethylthio)-1,3,5-tr iazine, 2,4-bis(3,5-di-t-butylhydroxyphenoxy)-6-(n-octylthio)-1,3,5-triazine di-n- octadecyl 3(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, respectively.