Amide Derivatives

This invention relates to new ethanolamine derivatives which possess .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity.

According to the invention there is provided a new ethanolamine derivative of the formula:

wherein A stands for an alkylene radical of up to 12 carbon atoms, wherein R stands for a heterocyclic radical or for an aryl radical of the formula: ##STR1## wherein either R.sup.20 and --Y--R.sup.1 are joined together to form with the adjacent nitrogen atom a fully saturated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical, or R.sup.20 stands for the hydrogen atom or for an alkyl radical of up to 6 carbon atoms, Y stands for a direct link, or for an alkylene radical of up to 6 carbon atoms or an alkyleneoxy radical of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sup.1 stands for a heterocyclic radical or for an aryl radical of the formula: ##STR2## or for the hydrogen atom or for an alkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl radical each of up to 10 carbon atoms; wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13, which may be the same or different, each stands for a hydrogen or halogen atom, an amino, nitro or cyano radical, an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkythio, cycloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy or alkanoyl radical each of up to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl, aryloxy or dialkylamino radical each of up to 12 carbon atoms; or wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together, and/or R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 together, form the trimethylene, tetramethylene, 1-oxotetramethylene, propenylene, but-2-enylene or buta-1,3-dienylene radical such that together with the adjacent benzene ring they form respectively the indanyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, indenyl, 5,8-dihydronaphthyl or naphthyl radical; wherein R.sup.4 stands for the hydrogen atom or for an amidic radical of the formula:

R.sup.15 r.sup.16 n--co--q--

R.sup.15 r.sup.16 n--co--nh--q--

r.sup.15 r.sup.16 n--co--q.sup.1 --o--

or

R.sup.16 --x--nr.sup.15 --q--

wherein X stands for the carbonyl or sulphonyl radical, wherein Q stands for a direct link or for an alkylene or alkenylene radical each of up to 6 carbon atoms; wherein Q.sup.1 stands for an alkylene radical of up to 6 carbon atoms; wherein R.sup.15 stands for the hydrogen atom or for an alkyl radical of up to 6 carbon atoms; wherein R.sup.16 stands for the hydrogen atom, or for an alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxyalkyl radical each of up to 6 carbon atoms, or for an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or aralkenyl radical each of up to 10 carbon atoms; wherein R.sup.14 stands for the hydrogen atom or for the hydroxy radical or for an amidic radical as defined above for R.sup.4 ; or an acid-addition salt thereof.

It will be observed that the ethanolamine derivative of the invention possesses an asymmetric carbon atom, namely the carbon atom of the --CHOH-- group in the ethanolamine sidechain, and it can therefore exist in racemic and optically-active forms. It is to be understood that this invention encomposses the racemic form of the ethanolamine derivative and any optically-active form which possesses .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity, it being a matter of common general knowledge how a racemic compound may be resolved into its optically-active forms and how the .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity of these forms may be determined. It is to be understood that .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity usually pre-dominates in that optically-active form which has the "R" absolute configuration of the said --CHOH-- group.

A suitable value for the alkylene radical A is, for example, the ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene hexamethylene, dodecamethylene, 1-methylethylene, 2-methylethylene or 1,1-dimethylethylene radical. A is preferably the ethylene, trimethylene, 1-methylethylene or 1,1-dimethylethylene radical.

A suitable value for Y when it stands for an alkylene or alkyleneoxy radical is, for example, the methylene, ethylene, ethyleneoxy, trimethyleneoxy, 1-methylethylideneoxy or 1-methylpropylideneoxy radical.

A suitable value for R or R.sup.1 when it stands for a heterocyclic radical is, for example, a mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic heterocyclic radical in which at least one ring is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated hetero-ring containing one, two or three heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms; and in which the second and/or third ring, if present, may be a hetero-ring as defined above or may be a benzene ring; and which heterocyclic radical may optionally contain one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms, for example chlorine and bromine atoms, alkyl, alkoxy, acylamino, carbamoyl and alkanoyl radicals each of up to 6 carbon atoms, for example methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, acetamido, methylcarbamoyl and acetyl radicals, aryl and aryloxy radicals each of up to 10 carbon atoms, for example phenyl, p-chlorophenyl and phenoxy radicals, and amino and substituted amino radicals, for example amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino and heterocyclic amino radicals each of up to 6 carbon atoms, for example amino, methylamino, dimethylamino and morpholino radicals; and, where the heterocyclic radical bears an appropriate degree of saturation, which heterocyclic radical may optionally bear one or two oxo substituents.

A particular heterocyclic radical is, for example, a pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, quinolyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, thiochromanyl, benzodioxanyl, carbazolyl or phenothiazinyl radical, for example the 2-pyrrolyl, 2-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-imidazolyl, 5-methyl-3-pyrazolyl, 2-phenyl-5-methyl-3-pyrazolyl, 2-oxazolyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-p-chlorophenyl-4-thiazolyl, 4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl, 4-pyridyl, 2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-yl, 3-methyl-2-pyrazinyl, 3-phenyl-2-pyrazinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 2-p-chlorophenyl-6-methoxypyrimidin-4-yl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 2-methylindol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-4-indolyl, 3-oxo-2-phenylisoindolin-1-yl, 4-benzo[b]furanyl, 2,3-dihydro-4-benzo[b]-furanyl, 2,3-dimethyl-4-benzo[b]furanyl, 2-acetyl-7-benzo[b]-furanyl, 4-benzo[b]thienyl, 2-benzimidazolyl, 5-benzothiazolyl, 5-(benzo[c]-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolyl), 2-quinolyl, 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-5-quinolinyl, 1,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-4-oxo-2-quinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-oxo-5-quinolinyl, 4-oxochroman-8-yl, 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-8-yl, thiochroman-8-yl, 1,4-benzodioxan-5-yl, 1-carbazolyl or 1-phenothiazinyl radical.

A suitable value for R.sup.1 when it stands for an alkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl radical is, for example, the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-octyl, trifluoromethyl, allyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl radical.

A suitable value for R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 or R.sup.13 when it stands for a halogen atom is, for example, the fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.

A suitable value for R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 or R.sup.13 when it stands for an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, cycloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy or alkanoyl radical is, for example, the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, allyl, ethynyl, methoxy, isopropoxy, methylthio, cyclopentyloxy, allyloxy, propargyloxy, formyl or acetyl radical.

A suitable value for R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 or R.sup.13 when it stands for an aryl, aryloxy or dialkylamino radical is, for example, the phenyl, phenoxy or dimethylamino radical.

A suitable value for Q or Q.sup.1 when it stands for an alkylene radical is, for example, the methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, ethylidene or 1-methylethylene radical. A suitable value for Q when it stands for an alkenylene radical is, for example, the vinylene radical.

A suitable value for R.sup.15 when it stands for an alkyl radical is, for example, the methyl radical.

A suitable value for R.sup.16 is, for example, the hydrogen atom or the allyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, 2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl, .beta.-methoxyethyl, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-nonyl, phenyl, p-tolyl, p-chlorophenyl, benzyl or styryl radical.

A particular value for R.sup.4 or R.sup.14 when it stands for an amidic radical is, for example, the acetamido, propionamido, methanesulphonamido, carbamoyl, carbamoylmethyl, acetamidomethyl, 3-methylureido, 3-n-butylureido, carbamoylmethoxy, N-methylcarbamoylmethoxy or N-.beta.-hydroxyethylcarbamoylmethoxy radical. The amidic substituent R.sup.14 when present is preferably in the para- position of the benzene ring.

A suitable value for R.sup.20 when it stands for an alkyl radical is, for example, the methyl or ethyl radical.

A suitable value for the heterocyclic radical formed by R.sup.20, --YR.sup.1 and the adjacent nitrogen atom is, for example, the pyrrolidino, piperidino, morpholino or 4-methylpiperazino radical.

A suitable acid-addition salt of an ethanolamine derivative of the invention is, for example, a salt derived from an inorganic acid, for example a hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate or sulphate, or a salt derived from an organic acid, for example an oxalate, lactate, tartrate, acetate, salicylate, citrate, benzoate, .beta.-naphthoate, adipate or 1,1-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate), or a salt derived from an acidic synthetic resin, for example a sulphonated polystyrene resin.

A preferred ethanolamine derivative of the invention is a compound of the formula given above wherein A stands for the ethylene, trimethylene, 1-methylethylene or 1,1-dimethylethylene radical, wherein R stands for the phenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 4-methanesulphonamidophenyl or .beta.-naphthyl radical, wherein R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical each of up to 6 carbon atoms, or for the unsubstituted phenyl radical, or for a monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered, fully-unsaturated heterocyclic radical which contains one nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom as heteroatom, and wherein Y stands for a direct link or for the methylene radical; or is an acid-addition salt thereof. A is most preferably the ethylene radical and R.sup.1 is most preferably the isopropyl or cyclohexyl when Y is a direct link, and the phenyl or 2-furyl radical when Y is the methylene radical.

Specific ethanolamine derivatives of the invention are those hereinafter described in the Examples. Of these, preferred compounds by virtue of their high cardioselective .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity (as hereinafter defined) are 1-phenyl-2-(.beta.-N-isopropylcarbamoylethylamino)ethanol, 1-phenyl-2-(.beta.-N-cyclohexylcarbamoylethylamino)ethanol and 1-phenyl-1-.beta.-naphthyl- and 1-(4-methanesulphonamidophenyl)-2-(.beta.-N-2-furfurylcarbamoylethylamino) ethanol and the acid-addition salts thereof.

The ethanolamine derivative of the invention may be manufactured by any chemical process publically-known to be useful for the manufacture of chemically-analogous compounds.

According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a process for the manufacture of the ethanolamine derivative of the invention which comprises assembling in sequence, by chemical methods known to be useful for this purpose, the four radicals:

(i) a 1-hydroxyethyl radical of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R has the meaning stated above and wherein R.sup.7 stands for hydrogen or for a protecting group;

(ii) an imino radical of the formula --NR.sup.8 --, wherein R.sup.8 stands for hydrogen or for a protecting group;

(iii) a radical of the formula --A--CO-- wherein A has the meaning stated above; and

(iv) a radical of the formula --NR.sup.9 --Y--R.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 and Y have the meanings stated above and wherein R.sup.9 either has the same meaning as stated above for R.sup.20 or stands for a protecting group; whereafter if one or more of R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 stands for a protecting group, the one or more protecting groups are removed.

The various stages of the assembly may be carried out in any possible order. Thus, for example:

(a) A compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R and R.sup.7 have the meanings stated above and wherein Z stands for a displaceable radical, or a mixture of such compounds, may be reacted with an amine of the formula:

wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings stated above, or with a precursor of such an amine.

A suitable value for Z is, for example, a halogen atom, for example the chlorine or bromine atom, or a sulphonyloxy radical, for example an alkanesulphonyloxy radical of up to 6 carbon atoms or an arenesulphonyloxy radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, for example the methanesulphonyloxy, benzenesulphonyloxy or toluene-p-sulphonyloxy radical.

The reaction may be carried out at ambient temperature or it may be accelerated or completed by the application of heat, for example by heating to a temperature of 90.degree.-110.degree. C.; it may be carried out at atmospheric or at an elevated pressure, for example by heating in a sealed vessel; and it may be carried out in an inert diluent or solvent, for example an alcohol, for example methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol, or an excess of the amine may be used as diluent or solvent.

Either compound used as starting material, or a mixture thereof, may be obtained by the reduction, for example by means of sodium borohydride or aluminium isopropoxide, of a compound of the formula R--COCH.sub.2 Z wherein R and Z have the meanings stated above. This compound in turn may be obtained from the corresponding ketone derivative either directly, when Z stands for a halogen atom, or via the corresponding hydroxy compound of the formula R--COCH.sub.2 OH wherein R has the meaning stated above.

(b) A compound of the formula:

wherein A, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings stated above, may be reduced.

The reduction may be carried out by means of a metal borohydride, for example sodium borohydride, in an appropriate diluent or solvent, for example methanol, or by means of catalytic hydrogenation, for example hydrogen in the presence of a palladium, platinum or nickel catalyst.

The starting material may be obtained by the reaction of a compound of the formula R--COCH.sub.2 Z wherein R and Z have the meanings stated above, with an amine of the formula:

wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings stated above, or with a precursor of such an amine, in an appropriate solvent, for example dioxan or methanol.

(c) A compound of the formula:

wherein R has the meaning stated above, wherein Q.sup.2 stands for the carbonyl (--CO--) radical or for a radical of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R.sup.7 has the meaning stated above, and wherein either R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 together form the oxo (.dbd.O) radical, or wherein R.sup.10 and R.sup.11, which may be the same or different, each stands for the hydroxy radical or for an alkoxy radical of up to 6 carbon atoms, may be reacted with an amine of the formula:

wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings stated above, under reducing conditions.

Suitable reducing conditions are provided by, for example, an alkali metal borohydride, for example sodium borohydride, in an appropriate diluent or solvent, for example methanol or ethanol, or by, for example, hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, for example a platinum, palladium or nickel catalyst.

The starting material wherein Q.sup.2 stands for the carbonyl radical may be obtained by the oxidation of an acetophenone derivative of the formula RCOCH.sub.3 wherein R has the meaning stated above, with selenium dioxide in an appropriate solvent, for example aqueous dioxan, optionally followed by acetal or hemiacetal formation. The starting material wherein Q.sup.2 stands for a radical of the formula --CHOH-- may be obtained by the reduction of the acetal of the corresponding compound wherein Q.sup.2 stands for the carbonyl radical.

(d) The series of reactions described under (a) or (b) or (c) above may be carried out except that an amine of the formula R.sup.8 NH.sub.2 is used in place of an amine of the formula:

it being understood that when R.sup.8 stands for hydrogen the amine is ammonia. The final product obtained, which has the formula: ##STR6## wherein R, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 have the meanings stated above, may alternatively be obtained, when R.sup.8 stands for hydrogen, by the reduction of, for example, a compound of the formula:

or

wherein R and Q.sup.2 have the meanings stated above (which compound may be obtained, when Q.sup.2 stands for the --CHOH-- radical, by the reaction of a corresponding aldehyde derivative with respectively, hydrogen cyanide or nitromethane), or by the reduction of an oxime of the formula:

wherein R and Q have the meanings stated above (which oxime may be obtained by conventional means from the corresponding aldehyde, or by the reduction of any other suitable compound which contains a group reducible to a primary amino group, for example a diazo or azido group).

The radical --A--CO--NR.sup.9 --Y--R.sup.1 may then be inserted as a separate step, for example either by the reaction of the above final product with a compound of the formula:

wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.9, Y and Z have the meanings stated above, or, by the reaction under reducing conditions of the same final product with a carbonyl compound of the formula:

wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings stated above and wherein A.sup.1 stands for hydrogen or for an alkyl radical and A.sup.2 stands for an alkylene radical such that the radical ##STR7## has the same meaning as is stated above for A.

The reaction involving a compound of the formula:

may conveniently be carried out in the presence of a base, for example sodium or potassium carbonate, in a diluent or solvent, for example ethanol or isopropanol, at an elevated temperature, for example at the boiling point of the diluent or solvent.

Suitable reducing conditions for the reaction involving the carbonyl compound are those provided by the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst, for example palladium or platinum, in an inert diluent or solvent, for example in one or more solvents selected from water, ethanol and an excess of the carbonyl compound used as starting material; or by the presence of an alkali metal borohydride, for example sodium borohydride or lithium cyanoborohydride, in an inert diluent or solvent, for example in one or more solvents selected from water, ethanol, methanol and an excess of the carbonyl compound used as starting material. It is to be understood that when in the starting material R or R.sup.1 stands for a hydrogenolysable heterocyclic radical, or R.sup.1 stands for an alkenyl radical, or one or more of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 stands for a halogen atom or for a nitro, cyano, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylthio, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy or alkanoyl radical, or Q stands for an alkenylene radical, or R.sup.16 stands for an alkenyl or aralkenyl radical, hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst are preferably not used to provide the reducing conditions, in order to prevent the radical R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12, R.sup.13, R.sup.16 or Q from being affected by catalytic hydrogenation.

(e) The series of reactions described under (a), (b) or (c) above may be carried out except that an amine of the formula:

wherein R.sup.8 and A have the meanings stated above, and wherein Z.sup.1 stands for a relatively inert substituent, is used in place of an amine of the formula:

or the reaction described under (d) above may be carried out except that the radical --A--CO--Z.sup.1 is inserted in place of the radical --A--CO--NR.sup.9 --Y--R.sup.1.

A suitable value for Z.sup.1 is, for example, an alkoxy or aryloxy radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, for example the methoxy, ethoxy or phenoxy radical, or the hydroxy radical.

The resulting product, which has the formula: ##STR8## is either used directly, or is converted into a compound of the formula: ##STR9## wherein R, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, A and Z have the meanings stated above, which is then used to form the amidic linkage --CO--NR.sup.9 -- by reaction with a compound of the formula HNR.sup.9 --Y--R.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.9 and Y have the meanings stated above.

It is to be understood that when Z.sup.1 stands for the hydroxy radical the reaction must be carried out in the presence of a condensing agent, for example a carbodiimide.

(f) A compound wherein one or more of R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 stands for a protecting group may be prepared by the series of reactions described under (a), (b), (c), (d) or (e) above. Alternatively, a suitable protecting group may be introduced by conventional means into an intermediate compound at any stage preceding the final stage.

A suitable value for R.sup.7 when it stands for a protecting group is, for example, a hydrogenolysable radical, for example an .alpha.-arylalkyl, .alpha.-arylalkoxycarbonyl or .alpha.-arylalkoxymethyl radical, for example the benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl or benzyloxymethyl radical, or an acyl radical, for example an alkanoyl radical of up to 20 carbon atoms, for example the acetyl, t-butoxycarbonyl or 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl radical, or an aroyl radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, for example the benzoyl radical, or an .alpha.-alkoxyalkyl radical (that is, a radical which forms with the adjacent oxygen atom an acetal radical), for example the tetrahydropyranyl radical, or a tertiary alkyl radical, for example the t-butyl radical.

A suitable value for R.sup.8 when it stands for a protecting group is, for example, a hydrogenolysable or tertiary alkyl radical as defined for R.sup.7, or a relatively easily hydrolysable acyl radical, for example the 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl radical. It is to be understood that when R.sup.8 stands for an acyl radical, this radical must be removable under conditions which will not destroy the amidic linkage --CO--NR.sup.9 -- or the amidic linkage which may be in the substituent R.sup.4 or R.sup.14.

Alternatively, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 may be joined together so that one protecting group serves to protect both the oxygen and nitrogen atoms. Such protecting group may be, for example, a radical of the formula --CHR.sup.6 --, wherein R.sup.6 stands for hydrogen, or for an alkyl radical of up to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl radical of up to 10 carbon atoms, such that it forms, together with the adjacent oxygen and nitrogen atoms and the two adjacent carbon atoms, an oxazolidine nucleus.

A suitable value for R.sup.9 when it stands for a protecting group is, for example, a hydrogenolysable or tertiary alkyl group as defined for R.sup.7 or R.sup.8.

The hydrogenolysable protecting group R.sup.7, R.sup.8 or R.sup.9 may be removed, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation, for example by hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium-on-charcoal catalyst, in an inert diluent or solvent, for example ethanol or aqueous ethanol. The process may be accelerated or completed by the presence of an acidic catalyst, for example hydrochloric or oxalic acid.

The acyl protecting group R.sup.7 or R.sup.8 may be removed by hydrolysis in the presence of a base, for example an alkali metal hydroxide, in a diluent or solvent, for example water, methanol, ethanol or a mixture thereof. It is to be understood that the hydrolytic conditions used must be sufficiently mild to avoid hydrolysis of the amidic linkage --CO--NR.sup.9 -- or the amidic linkage which may be present in the substituent R.sup.4 or R.sup.14.

The .alpha.-alkoxyalkyl protecting group R.sup.7 or the protecting group --R.sup.6 CH-- formed by R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 taken together may be removed by hydrolysis in the presence of an acid, for example a mineral acid, for example aqueous hydrochloric acid, and the hydrolysis may be carried out at a temperature of up to 100.degree. C.

The tertiary alkyl protecting group R.sup.7, R.sup.8 or R.sup.9, or the acyl protecting group R.sup.7 or R.sup.8 when it stands for a tertiary alkoxycarbonyl radical, for example the t-butoxycarbonyl radical, may be removed by treatment with an acid, for example hydrogen chloride, in anhydrous conditions, for example in ethereal solution.

It is to be understood that a compound wherein the substituent R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 or R.sup.13 is a reactive radical may be converted into a different compound wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 or R.sup.13 is a different substituent. Thus, for example, a compound wherein one or more of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 stands for a nitro, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy or alkanoyl radical may be reduced to the corresponding compound wherein one or more of R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 stands for, respectively, an amino, alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxyalkyl radical.

It is further to be understood that a compound wherein R.sup.12 or R.sup.13 stands for the hydroxy radical may be obtained by the hydrogenolysis of the corresponding compound wherein R.sup.12 or R.sup.13 stands for an .alpha.-arylalkoxy radical, for example the benzyloxy radical.

One preferred process for the manufacture of the ethanolamine derivative of the invention comprises the reaction of a compound of the formula: ##STR10## wherein R has the meaning stated above, with an amine of the formula R.sup.8 NH--A--CO--NH--Y--R.sup.1 wherein A, R.sup.1 and Y have the meanings stated above and wherein R.sup.8 stands for hydrogen or for the benzyl radical, whereafter if R.sup.8 stands for the benzyl radical this radical is removed by hydrogenolysis.

A second preferred process for the manufacture of the ethanolamine derivative of the invention comprises the reaction of a compound of the formula:

wherein R and R.sup.8 have the meanings stated above, with a compound of the formula:

wherein R.sup.1, A, Y and Z have the meanings stated above. Preferably in this reaction R.sup.8 is the hydrogen atom or the benzyl radical, this being removed by hydrogenolysis if present, and Z is a halogen atom, preferably the chlorine atom.

Optically-active forms of the ethanolamine derivative of the invention may be obtained by the resolution by conventional means of the corresponding racemic ethanolamine derivative of the invention.

The said resolution may be carried out by reacting the racemic ethanolamine derivative with an optically-active acid, followed by fractional crystallisation of the diastereoisomeric mixture of salts thus obtained from a diluent or solvent, for example ethanol, whereafter the optically-active ethanolamine derivative is liberated from the salt by treatment with a base. A suitable optically-active acid is, for example, (+)- or (-)-0,0-di-p-toluoyltartaric acid.

The resolution process may be facilitated by treating the partially resolved ethanolamine derivative in free base form obtained after a single fractional crystallisation of the diastereoisomeric mixture of salts with a solubilising agent, for example a primary amine, for example allylamine, in a relatively non-polar diluent or solvent, for example petroleum ether.

Alternatively, an optically-active form of an ethanolamine derivative may be obtained by carrying out a process for the manufacture of the ethanolamine derivative using an appropriate optically-active starting material. This procedure is particularly preferred when, apart from the --CHOH-- asymmetric centre, there is a further asymmetric centre in the alkylene radical --A-- or in the group --Y--R.sup.1, and it is a particularly appropriate procedure when used in the series of reactions described under (e) above.

The ethanolamine derivative of the invention in free base form may be converted into an acid-addition salt thereof by reaction with an acid by conventional means.

As stated above, the ethanolamine derivative of the invention or an acid-addition salt thereof possesses .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity, and in some of the ethanolamine derivatives this activity is cardio-selective. The .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity may be determined by the reversal of isoprenaline-induced tachycardia in rats or cats, a standard test for the determination of .beta.-adrenergic blocking activity, and the cardio-selectivity may be determined by the relative freedom from antagonism of isoprenaline-induced vasodilatation in cats or of the relief produced by isoprenaline of histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea-pigs.

A preferred ethanolamine derivative of the invention is five to twenty times more actie as a .beta.-adrenergic blocking agent than practolol. At doses of an ethanolamine derivative of the invention which produce effective .beta.-adrenergic blockade in rats or cats, no symptoms of toxicity are apparent.

Some of the ethanolamine derivatives of the invention possess partial .beta.-adrenoceptor agonist activity as well as the ability to block the action of exogenous and endogenous .beta.-adrenergic stimulants. This secondary activity is in some cases sufficiently marked for the ethanolamine derivative to be useful for the relief of bronchospasm and for the dilatation of blood vessels with concomitant lowering of blood pressure.

The ethanolamine derivative of the invention may be administered to warm-blooded animals, including man, in the form of a pharmaceutical composition comprising as active ingredient at least one ethanolamine derivative of the invention, or an acid-addition salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.

A suitable composition is, for example a tablet, capsule, aqueous or oily solution or suspension, emulsion, injectable aqueous or oily solution or suspension, dispersible powder, spray or aerosol formulation.

The pharmaceutical composition may contain, in addition to the ethanolamine derivative of the invention, one or more drugs selected from sedatives, for example phenobarbitone, meprobamate, chlorpromazine and the benzodiazepine sedative drugs, for example chlordiazepoxide and diazepam; vasodilators, for example glyceryl trinitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate and isosorbide dinitrate; diuretics, for example chlorothiazide; hypotensive agents, for example reserpine, bethanidine and guanethidine; cardiac membrane stabilising agents, for example quinidine; agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and other tremors, for example benzhexol; cardiotonic agents, for example digitalis preparations; .alpha.-adrenergic blocking agents, for example phentolamine and sympathomimetic bronchodilators, for example isoprenaline, orciprenaline, adrenaline and ephedrine.

When used for the treatment of heart diseases, for example angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias, or for the treatment of bronchospasm, hypertension or anxiety states in man, it is expected that the ethanolamine derivative would be given to man at a total oral dose of between 20 mg. and 600 mg. daily, at doses spaced at 6-8 hourly intervals, or at an intravenous dose of between 1 mg. and 20 mg. Preferred oral dosage forms are tablets or capsules containing between 10 and 100 mg., and preferably 10 mg. or 40 mg. of active ingredient. Preferred intravenous dosage forms are sterile aqueous solutions of the ethanolamine derivative or of a non-toxic acid-addition salt thereof, containing between 0.05% and 1% w/v of active ingredient, and more particularly containing 0.1% w/v of active ingredient.

The invention is illustrated but not limited by the following Examples:

A mixture of .beta.-benzylamino-N-isopropylpropionamide hydrochloride (2.57 g.), styrene oxide (1.2 g.), aqueous 2N-sodium hydroxide solution (5 ml.) and isopropanol (40 ml.) is heated under reflux for 18 hours and then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue is shaken with water (20 ml.) and ethyl acetate (50 ml.) and the ethyl acetate solution is separated, dried and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in glacial acetic acid (40 ml.) and is shaken with hydrogen at laboratory temperature and atmospheric pressure in the presence of a 30% palladium-on-charcoal catalyst (0.2 g.) until 250 ml. of hydrogen have been absorbed. The mixture is filtered, the filtrate is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and the residue is stirred with water (50 ml.) and aqueous 2N-sodium hydroxide solution (10 ml.). The mixture is extracted three times with ethyl acetate (30 ml. each time) and the combined extracts are dried and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue is crystallised from 30 ml. of a 2:1 v/v mixture of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether (b.p. 60.degree.-80.degree. C.) and there is thus obtained 2-(.beta.-N-isopropylcarbamoylethylamino)-1-phenylethanol, m.p. 111.degree.-112.degree. C.

A mixture of 2-amino-1-phenylethanol (2.75 g.) and active -chloro-N-cyclohexylpropionamide (1.9 g.) is heated at 90.degree. C. for 2 hours and then dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml.). The solution is washed three times with water (20 ml. each time) dried and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue is crystallised from ethyl acetate and there is thus obtained 2-(.beta.-N-cyclohexylcarbamoylethyl)amino-1-phenylethanol, m.p. 109.degree.-110.degree. C.

The process described above is repeated except that .beta.-chloro-N-2-furfurylpropionamide is used in place of .beta.-chloro-N-cyclohexylpropionamide. There is thus obtained 2-(.beta.-N-2-furfurylcarbamoylethyl)amino-1-phenylethanol, m.p. 90.degree.-92.degree. C.

The .beta.-chloro-N-cyclohexylpropionamide used as starting material may be obtained as follows:

.beta.-Chloropropionyl chloride (31.7 g.) is added dropwise to a stirred solution of cyclohexylamine (24.8 g.) and triethylamine (28.2 g.) in toluene (250 ml.). The mixture is cooled and filtered and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. There is thus obtained as residue .beta.-chloro-N-cyclohexylpropionamide, m.p. 77.degree.-80.degree. C. .beta.-Chloro-N- 2-furfurylpropionamide may similarly be obtained from furfurylamine.

The process described in the second part of Example 2 is repeated except that the appropriate 2-amino-1-arylethanol derivative is used in place of 2-amino-1-phenylethanol. There are thus obtained the compounds described in the following table:

A mixture of styrene oxide (0.6 g.), .beta.-amino-N-benzylpropionamide (0.89 g.) and isopropanol (25 ml.) is heated under reflux for 18 hours and then evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue is triturated with ether (50 ml.) and the mixture is filtered. The solid residue is crystallised from ethyl acetate and there is thus obtained 2-(.beta.-N-benzylcarbamoylethyl)amino-1-phenyl-ethanol, m.p. 100.degree.-102.degree. C.