Method of Producing Abrasive Grits

In order to produce a finely crystalline microstructure in abrasive grain it is known that the molten composition should be rapidly frozen. It has been conventional in the art to pour the molten abrasive on a heat resistant surface in the form of a thin slab, to pour into small molds, and to cast onto a cooled rotating cylindrical surface. Such prior art methods which result in the exposure of one surface to the atmosphere produce a product which includes a high degree of porosity at and adjacent such surface.

The present invention achieves the production, for comminution into abrasive grit sized particles, of thin slabs of abrasive oxide material having an extremely small crystal structure and minimizes the production of porous material.

These objectives are achieved by pouring the molten abrasive composition between a plurality of spaced metal or graphite plates spaced 1/2 inch or less apart, with the ratio of volume of plates to volume of space between plates being preferably at least about 3 to 1, depending upon the material being poured and the material of the plates. Lower ratios may be employed if supplemental cooling methods, such as internal water cooling or electrostatic cooling is employed or if reuse of the plates is not necessary.

The spaces in which the molten abrasive is poured should have a controlled maximum, and are conveniently uniform in thickness, but need not be planar or uniform in shape. A convenient and simple arrangement involves a plurality of flat plates mechanically held together in a frame and kept separated by spacers equal in thickness to the desired spacing between the plates.

Since the freezing of the molten abrasive proceeds from the face of each plate between which the material is poured, a line of separation is evident in the material, at its midpoint, where the solidification fronts meet. This is normally a plane of weakness in the material and thus requires that the plates be spaced apart the proper distance to maximize the yield of a specific desired grit size distribution.

The invention is particularly suitable for the new alloy type abrasives in which zirconia or other refractory oxides are co-fused with alumina, as illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,181,939 and 3,498,769.

In a typical application of the invention, the spaced plates would be positioned under the pouring spout of a furnace and the interstices between the plates filled. The plates would then be allowed to cool sufficiently for safe handling and separated and the solidified abrasive removed and crushed by impact or rolls crushing or other conventional crushing technique, depending upon the particular grinding application for which the material is produced. A particular advantage of the present invention is the large yield of homogeneous finely crystalline usable abrasive produced upon crushing, as opposed to prior art cooling methods, since 95% or more of the surface of the abrasive in the mode is protected from the atmosphere by adjacent mold surface, and since the very rapid cooling results in extremely tough finely crystalline material.

FIG. 1 is an end view of a mold (not to scale) consisting of a plurality of plates 11 supported on a car 21 by pins 22 resting on shelves 23. FIG. 2 is a top view of plates 11, showing spacer means 12 welded on one side only to the plates to permit disassembly of the mold for removal of the abrasive. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken on section 3--3 of FIG. 2. The plates 11 may be of graphite or a metal such as steel, ductile iron, copper, or aluminum melting above 650.degree. C and essentially non-reactive with the abrasive under the conditions of pouring. Although the melting point of the plates may be lower than the temperature of the molten abrasive, melting does not occur due to the rapid absorption and dissipation of heat by the plates.

A fusion of alumina containing 25% by weight of zirconia was prepared in a casting furnace, by the conventional electric arc fusion technique well known in the art.

The product was cast between steel plates 1/4 inch in thickness and spaced 3/16 inch apart. The solidified product between the plates was collected, jaw crushed to 1/2 inch and finer lumps, then impact crushed. In the impact crushing operation all material passing through the standard 8 mesh (Tyler Screen: 8 meshes per lineal inch) screen and retained on the 24 mesh was collected, coarser material was recycled, and finer grits were separated. The yield of 8 to 24 mesh material was 67%, as compared to a 45% yield by prior art casting methods, while maintaining the same grain strength.