US 4,070,795 AGrant
Swinging Door System
Issue Date:1978-01-31
•22 Claims
•3 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A door system of the swinging type to neutralize air draft effects on the door, which is conceived to allow panic exit and to psychologically induce the user to pivot the latter in a predetermined direction. This door system includes a pair of wings or panels having a releasable magnetic connection allowing normal bodily pivoting of the two wings as a simple swinging door and also allowing, for instance under panic, outward opening of the wing which normally opens inwardly. This door system includes a stopper and a door frame relatively arranged to define an oblique closing position for the door, and also includes a resilient strip of adjustable resilience engaging the stopper to prevent inadvertant opening of the panic wing.
Metadata
Inventor
- Jean Louis Lussier
Application Information
Application Number:US 6681980
Filing Date:1976-03-18
Priority Date:1976-03-18
Art Unit:351
Classifications
IPC:
E05B 6510E05C 1502
Field of Search:
49312141;44;390;393;392138;283;326
Patent Drawings (3 sheets)
Description
This invention relates to a door or door system and, in particular, to a door system particularly adapted for public places and of the swinging type to eliminate the effect of air drafts which oppose substantial resistance to the handling of a conventional laterally hung door.
The doors of public buildings, in particular of subway stations, must fulfil definite requirements to find acceptance. One such requirement concerns the ability of such door to allow panic exit of people with as little hinderance as possible.
It is a general object of the present invention to provide a door and a door system of the above swinging type which are suited to meet the requirements for public places, and more particularly, which, while not adversely affected by air drafts acting thereon, are satisfactory for panic exit of people.
It is another general object of the present invention to provide a door and a door system of the above type, which are of the swinging door type and are arranged to psychologically induce the users to instinctively pivot the door in the predetermined direction of opening.
It is a more specific object of the present invention to provide a door and a door system of the above type, wherein the door is held in such closed position that the users will naturally instinctively be induced to pivot it in one particular angular direction.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a door system of the above type, wherein the door closes in an oblique position relative to the plane of the door frame and, thus apparently, induces in the user's mind that the door is partly open or opening in that particular direction and should therefore be pushed to pivot still farther in the same direction to open the door while avoiding counteracting the effort or work already done.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a door and a door system of the swinging type, wherein the door has a pair of wings substantially extending on the oppposite sides of the pivot axis thereof, with a connection between the two wings which allows folding of the latter upon pushing in the same outward direction on both wings, such as by people seeking panic exit through this door.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a door and a door system of the swinging type wherein the door is provided with a resilient member adapted to resiliently give against a stopper upon impact against the panic wing of the door in order to prevent inadvertant opening of the panic wing while allowing folding of the two door wings upon steady unidirectional push on both wings.
The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be better understood with the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof which is illustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a swinging door system according to the present invention illustrating the normal opening of a door shown from the outside;
FIG. 2 is a partial view of the panic door system of FIG. 1 illustrating folding of the wings of a door, such as in responsive-to-panic action of a crowd thereon;
FIG. 3 is partial elevation and a more detailed view of the swinging door system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-section as seen along line 4--4 in FIG. 3;
FIGs. 5 and 6 are cross-sectional views as seen along lines 5--5 and 6--6 respectively in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6a is a cross sectional view along line 6-- 6 of FIG. 3 showing an alternate embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the top right corner of the main door wing as seen from the interior side; and
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view as seen along line 8--8 in FIG. 7.
The illustrated swinging door system as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 defines a two-door unit. As it will be easily understood, the invention is applicable also to a single door unit and to a door unit having any number of doors.
The illustrated two-door unit includes a door frame forming two door openings 1 defined by an intermediate common door jamb 2 and the external door jamb 3 and each with a door sill 4 and a top member 5. A swinging door 6 is pivotally mounted in each door opening 1.
It must be noted that the door frame is relatively thicker than usual, as best shown in FIGS. 1 and 4. Thus, each door opening 1 is defined by a relatively wide internal perimeter of the door frame. In other words, the internal perimeter of the door frame around each door opening is substantially wider than usual for the selected thickness of the door. Each door 6 is pivoted by pivot means or a pin 7 and an additional pivot located in the sill 4 about an upright pivot axis located between the opposite upright edges of the door and essentially midway to the width of the internal door frame perimeter, or in other words, to the width of the sill 4 and the top member 5. A door closure mechanism or device 8, of any appropriate type, is connected to the pin 7 to produce closing of the associated door 6.
The opposite upright edges of each door 6 are provided with an edge flexible strip 9. The internal peripheral face of each door jamb 2 and 3 is arcuately shaped relative to the pivot axis of the corresponding door. Flexible strips 9, of rubber or the like, on the door edge prevent finger pinching between the door jambs and the door edges and serve as padding to prevent injury to people.
The top member 5 at the top left corner of each door opening 1 is provided with a downwardly projecting stopper member 10. In order to stop the corresponding door in an oblique closing position relative to the door frame, as shown on the right pair of wings in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 4, the stopper 10 is offset inwardly relative to the position it would have to allow normal coplanar closing of the door relative to the door frame. As best shown in FIG. 4, when the stopper 10 is engaged by the door 6, the latter is in an oblique closing position with left edge strip 9 opposite the exterior edge of the left door jamb and the right edge strip 9 opposite the interior edge of the right door jamb.
It is well know that in such oblique closing position, people moving through the door are naturally induced to push on the farthest side of the door and, thus, instinctively open the door angularly away from the stopper 10.
Each door 6 includes a pair of wings or panels, namely main wing 11 and panic wing 12. The main wing 11 is provided with the aforementioned pins 7 which define the upright pivot axis for the whole door 6. The panic wing 12 is hinged at 13 to the main wing 11. The wings 11 and 12 of each door 6 are arranged in edgewise adjoining relationship at the hinge 13, such that they are coplanar when they bodily pivot, as shown on the left in FIG. 1.
The main wing 11 is integrally formed with an arm 14 projecting from the hinged edge of the wing 11 at the top of the latter. As shown in FIG. 6, the outer end of the projection 14 forms a thinner portion 15 having an edge overlapping a mating thinner portion 16 of the panic wing 12, the members 14 and 16 cooperating to form the opposite side walls of the door confining the internal space of the door. A metal plate 17 is fixed against the internal side of the portion 16 and a permanent magnet 18 is mounted inside the portion 15. The permanent magnet 18 is universally pivotally attached to the portion 15 by a gimbal ring 19 and pivots 20 and 21. Thus, the magnet 18 is allowed to align itself flat against the fixed plate 17 providing a releasable connection between members 14 and 16. Referring to FIG. 6a an alternate embodiment of the releasable connection utilizes the magnet 18, gimbal ring 19, and pivots 20, 21, contained in the panic wing 16. The metal plate 17 is fixed against the outer edge 15 of the wing projection 14.
Thus, the magnetic connection formed by the plate 17 and magnet 18 is wholly concealed within the thickness of the door and normally maintains the two wings 11 and 12 into engagement when net forces applied to wings 11 and 12 for bodily pivoting of the latter about pivot pins 7 in accordance with arrows 22, 22'. However, when predetermined forces are outwardly applied in the direction of the arrows 22 and 23 in FIG. 4, against both wings of a door, the magnetic force exerted between the magnet 18, and plate 17 is overcome, and the wings fold, as shown in FIG. 2. Thus, panic exit is readily allowed by mere outward pushing on both wings.
Folding of the two wings obviously also occurs when an outward push is exerted on panic wing 12 only, in which case main wing 11 remains in abutment with stopper 10.
As shown in FIG. 7, the internal side wall 24 of main wing 11 is formed with an aperture 25 registering with the stopper 10 downwardly projecting from the top member 5 of the door frame. The aperture 25 thus gives access to the stopper 10 into the hollow space of the main wing 11. A resilient strip 26 is positioned upwardly against the internal face of the side wall 24 and has its top end registering with the aperture 25. A bumper pad 27 is fixed against the top end of the strip 26 on the side of the latter which faces the stopper 10. A pair of wedge blocks 28 and 29 are releasably wedged by a bolt 30 between the external side wall 31 of the wing 11 and the strip 26. The resilience of the resilient strip 26 may be adjusted by adjusting the position of the wedge blocks 28 and 29 along the strip. Strip 26 prevents intempestive opening of panic wing 12 upon impact applied against the inside face thereof. Such impact is absorbed by the bending of strip 26 against stopper 10 and, thus, separation of plate 17 from permanent magnet 18 is prevented. Separation of plate 17 form permanent magnet 18 will occur only when a sufficient outward firm push is applied.
In the normal use of the door, and referring to FIG. 1, outward traffic is effected through the left portion of the door frame and inward traffic is effected through the right portion of the door frame.
It is noted that door stopper 10 could be located to abut the outside face of arm 14 of main wing 11 and that impact absorbing strip 26 could be positioned horizontally in arm 14 with its bumper pad 27 opposite the stopper 10.
Another mode of operation is also possible. Stopper 10 would be located to abut the outside face of panic wing to thus prevent outward opening of this wing 12. A resilient means would be connected to the two wings to resiliently urge the two wings 11 and 12 into co-planar relationship. Normal traffic through the door opening would be as above noted. For panic use, people wishing to go outwardly would first open the main wing, being induced to do so by the inclination of the door in its closed position. Normal traffic would be established as indicated sequentially in FIG. 12 at (a) and (b) wheel outward pushing on panic wing 12 no longer taking place due to traffic movement through the main wing, the panic wind would then spring open under action of the above-note resilient means to allow outward traffic through the right as well as the left portion of the door opening wings 11 and 12 having returned to a co-planar position.
Thus it is apparent that there has been provided, in accordance with the invention, a door system providing two way normal traffic providing increased one way traffic under emergency conditions that fully satisfies the objects, aims, and advantages set forth above. While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.
Claims
The invention is hereby claimed as follows:
1. A swinging door system comprising a door frame having a door opening, a door including a pair of wings hinged together about an upright hinge axis, releasable connection means carried by said wings for releasably maintaining said wings in substantially co-planar relation, each wing defining one of two opposite upright edges of said door respectively, means for pivotally securing one wing of said door to said door frame in said door opening for pivotal movement of said door about an operatively upright pivot axis equally distant from the opposite upright edges of said door, and means urging pivotal closing of said door in one direction of pivotal movement about said upright pivotal axis, said releasable connection automatically releasing said substantially co-planar wings for folding movement of said wings about said hinge axis upon sufficient force exerted on at least the other of said wings in the direction of closing pivotal movement of said door.
2. A swinging door system as defined in claim 1, wherein said door frame has a greater thickness than that of said door along its internal perimeter and said door takes a closed position which is oblique relative to the plane defined by said door frame, said door in its closed position, lying within the confines of said door frame.
3. A swinging door system as defined in claim 1, wherein said door frame has an interior face and an exterior face, and said door, in its closed position, having the upright edge of said one wing nearer said exterior face than said interior face of said frame.
4. A swinging door system as defined in claim 1, further including a stopper secured to said door frame and in the path of said one wing, and a resilient member carried by said one wing of said door and abutting said stopper in the closed position of said door, said resilient member yielding against said stopper upon impact exerted on said other wing in the direction of closing pivotal movement of said door.
5. A swinging door system as defined in claim 4, wherein said one wing has a hollow double-wall construction and an aperture in said construction, in the path of said stopper said aperture facing said stopper, said resilient member is located between the walls of said one wing and extends within said aperture in registry with said stopper.
6. A swinging door system as defined in claim 5, wherein the resilient member includes a resilient blade fixed at one end within said door and having the other end resiliently displaceable in said aperture upon impact against said other wing.
7. A swinging door system as defined in claim 6, further including connection means securing said resilient blade within said door and selectively adjustable along said blade to adjust the resilience of said blade.
8. A swinging door system as defined in claim 7, wherein said connection means includes wedge blocks adjustably displaceable between said walls of said one wing and releasably clamping said resilient blade against the internal face of the wall of said one wing which is closer to said stopper, allowing resilient flexing of said blade toward the other wall upon impact against said other wing.
9. A swinging door system as defined in claim 1, wherein said releasable connection comprises; an integral rigid arm on one wing, extending transversely of said upright pivot axis along the top edge of said other wing, said other wing having an upright projection at its top edge overlapping said arm, engagement means carried by said arm and by said projection, maintaining said arm and projection in a force biased overlap configuration.
10. A swinging door system as defined in claim 9, wherein said engagement means includes a permanent magnet carried by said arm.
11. A swinging door system as defined in claim 9, wherein said engagement means includes a permanent magnet carried by said projection.
12. A swinging door system comprising a door frame having a door opening, a door, including first and second wings hinged together about an upright hinge axis, connection means carried by said wings for maintaining said wings in substantially co-planar relation, comprising: an integral rigid arm on said first wing extending transversely of said upright hinge axis along the top edge of said other wing, said second wing having an upright projection at its top edge overlapping said arm, a releasable connection carried by said arm and by said projection, two opposite upright edges of said door defined by said wings respectively, pivot means pivotally securing one wing of said door to said door frame in said door opening for pivotal movement of said door about an operatively upright pivot axis equally distant from the opposite upright edges of said door, and a door closing device urging pivotal closing of said door in one direction of pivotal movement about said upright pivotal axis, said releasable connection automatically releasing said substantially co-planar wings for folding movement of said wings about said hinge axis upon sufficient force exerted on at least the other of said wings in the direction of the closing pivotal movement of said door.
13. A swinging door system as defined in claim 12, wherein said door frame has a greater thickness than that of said door along its internal perimeter and said door takes a closed position which is oblique relative to the plane of said door frame, said door, in its closed position, lying within the confines of said door frame.
14. A swinging door system as defined in claim 12, wherein said door frame has an interior face and an exterior face, said door, in its closed position having the upright edge of one wing nearer said exterior face than said interior face of said frame.
15. A swinging door system as defined in claim 12, wherein said releasable connection includes a permanent magnet carried by said projection.
16. A swinging door system as defined in claim 12, wherein said wings are hinged together in lateral edgewise relationship.
17. A swinging door system as defined in claim 12, wherein said releasable connection includes a permanent magnet carried by said first wing.
18. A swinging door system comprising a door frame having a door opening, a door including first and second wings hinged together about an upright hinge axis, means carried by said wings for maintaining said wings in substantially co-planar relation comprising; an integral rigid arm on said first wing extending transversely of said upright pivot hinge along the top edge of said second wing, said second wing having an upright projection at a top edge overlapping said arm, permanent magnet means for urging said arm and edge in said overlapping relationship, two opposite upright edges of said door defined by said wings respectively, means for pivotally securing said first wing of said door to said door frame in said door opening for pivotal movement of said door about an operatively upright pivot axis equally distant from the opposite upright edges of said door, a stopper secured to said door frame and in the path of said first wing, and a resilient member carried by said first wing of said door and abutting said stopper in the closed position of said door, said resilient member yielding against said stopper upon impact exerted on said second wing in the direction of the closing pivotal movement of said door, and a door closing device urging pivotal closing of said door against said stopper, wherein said maintaining means automatically releases said substantially co-planar first and second wings for folding movement of said first and second wings about said hinge axis upon sufficient force exerted on said second wing in the direction of the closing pivotal movement of said door.
19. A swinging door system as defined in claim 18, wherein said door frame has a greater thickness than that of said door along its internal perimeter and said door takes a closed position which is oblique relative to the plane defined by said door frame, said door, in its closed position, lying within the confines of said door frame.
20. A swinging door system as defined in claim 18, wherein said door frame has an interior face and an exterior face, said door, in its closed position, having the upright edge of said first wing nearer said exterior face than said interior face of said frame.
21. A swinging door system comprising a door frame having a door opening, a door having two opposite upright edges, pivot means pivotally securing said door to said door frame in said door opening for pivotal movement of said door about an operatively upright pivot axis equally distant from the opposite upright edges of said door, a door stopper secure to said door frame and in the path of said door, and a door closing device urging pivotal closing of said door to abut said stopper, said door frame having a greater thickness than that of said door along its internal perimeter and said door taking a closed position which is oblique relative to the plane defined by said door frame, said door, in its closed position, lying within the confines of said door frame.
22. In a swinging door for two-way pedestrian traffic having; a door frame, a door pivotally mounted on said frame for swinging open and closed about an essentially central vertical axis of the door, a door closer for yieldingly swinging the door to a closed position against a stop; the improvement being an emergency release for converting said door to one-way traffic to alleviate panic conditions comprising; hinge means on said door defining first and second wings disposed in co-planar relationship; an integral rigid arm in said first wing extending transversely of the vertical door axis; a vertical projection on said second wing abutting said arm; means carried by said arm and vertical projection, allowing folding movement of said wings in a selected direction from the co-planar relationship around said vertical axis on simultaneous application of force to both wings in said selected direction, thereby allowing one-way traffic through the door.
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