Imidazol-1-Yl Propane Derivatives

The present invention relates to novel chemical compounds which are derivatives of imidazole. More particularly, the present invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently benzyl, substituted benzyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, said substituted benzyl and substituted phenyl substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, lower alkyl and trifluoromethyl;

X and Y are independently oxygen or sulfur with the proviso that Y is not oxygen when R.sup.2 is phenyl or substituted phenyl; and the antimicrobial acid additions salts thereof.

The term "lower alkyl" as used in the specification and appended claims refers to a saturated, unbranched or branched acyclic hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl. The term "halo" refers to chloro, fluoro and bromo. The term "antimicrobial acid addition salts" refers to salts of the subject compounds which possess the desired activity and which are neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable. These salts are formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.

All compounds of Formula (I) possess at least one chiral center, i.e., the carbon atom to which are attached the R.sup.1 XCH.sub.2, R.sup.2 Y, H and ##STR3## moieties. Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention may be prepared in either optically active form, or as a racemic mixture. Unless otherwise specified, the compounds described herein are all in the racemic form. However, the scope of the subject invention herein is not to be considered limited to the racemic form, but to encompass the individual optical isomers of the subject compounds.

If desired, racemic intermediates or final products prepared herein may be resolved into their optical antipodes by conventional resolution means known per se, for example, by the separation (e.g., fractional crystallization) of the diastereomeric salts formed by reaction of, e.g., racemic compounds of Formula (I) or the alcohol precursors of Formulas (1), (3) and (6) with an optically active acid, or by separation of the diastereomeric esters formed by reaction of racemic alcohol precursors of compounds of Formula (I) with an optically active acid. Exemplary of such optically active acids are the optically active forms of camphor-10-sulfonic acid, .alpha.-bromo-camphor-.pi.-sulfonic acid, camphoric acid, menthoxy-acetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, diacetyltartaric acid, pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid and the like. The separated pure diastereomeric salts or esters may then be cleaved by standard means to afford the respective optical isomers of the compounds of Formula (I) or the precursor alcohols.

Alternatively, the subject compounds may be prepared in optically active form from optically active compounds of the formula ##STR4## wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur.

The above compounds (15) are obtained from optically active forms of glycerol acetonide (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol) by methods known in the art, e.g. J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, pp. 168-169.

The subject compounds embraced by generic Formula (I) can be represented subgenerically as: ##STR5## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently benzyl, substituted benzyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, said substituted benzyl and substituted phenyl substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halo, lower alkyl and trifluoromethyl,

X and Y are independently oxygen or sulfur with the proviso that Y is not oxygen when R.sup.2 is phenyl or substituted phenyl; and the antimicrobial acid addition salts thereof.

Preferred compounds embraced by subgeneric Formulas (IA), (IB), (IC) and (ID) are those wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently halo substituted benzyl or halo substituted phenyl.

Particularly preferred compounds within the group described in the previous paragraph are those wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently chloro substituted benzyl or chloro substituted phenyl. Even more particularly preferred compounds are those wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently 4-chlorobenzyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl, 3,4-dichlorobenzyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl or 3,4-dichlorophenyl.

The subject compounds of Formula (I) exhibit anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity. For example, compounds of the present invention exhibit anti-fungal activity against human and animal pathogens such as

Microsporum audouini,

Microsporum gypseum,

Microsporum gypseum -- canis,

Epidermophyton floccosum

Trichophyton mentagrophytes,

Trichophyton rubrum,

Trichophyton tonsurans,

Candida albicans, and

Cryptococcus neoformans.

The compounds of the present invention also exhibit anti-fungal activity against fungi of primarily agricultural importance such as

Aspergillus flavus,

Cladosporium herbarum,

Fusarium graminearum,

Penicillium notatum,

Aspergillus niger,

Penicillium oxalicum,

Penicillium spinulosum, and

Pithomyces chartarum.

In addition, the compounds of the present invention exhibit anti-bacterial activity against human and animal pathogens, such as

Staphylococcus aureus,

Streptococcus faecalis,

Corynebacterium acnes,

Erysipelothrix insidiosa,

Escherichia coli,

Proteus vulgaris,

Salmonella choleraesuis,

Pasteurella multocida, and

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Moreover, the compounds of the present invention exhibit anti-protozoal activity against protozoa such as Trichimonas vaginalis.

In view of the aforementioned activities, the subject compounds are found to be useful antimicrobials, having not only pharmaceutical but also agricultural and industrial application.

Accordingly, a further aspect of the present invention relates to compositions for pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial use, which compositions comprise the subject compounds of Formula (I) in combination with a suitable carrier. A still further aspect of the present invention relates to methods of inhibiting the growth of fungi, bacteria and protozoa by applying to a host object containing, or subject to attack by, fungi, bacteria or protozoa an effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a suitable composition containing same.

In pharmaceutical applications, compositions may be solid, semi-solid or liquid in form such as tablets, capsules, powders, suppositories, liquid solutions, suspensions, creams, lotions, gels, ointments and the like. Pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic carriers, or excipients normally employed for solid formulations include tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, kaolin, bentonite, talcum, gelatin, lactose, starch and the like; for semi-solid formulations there may be mentioned, for example, poly-alkylene glycols, vaseline and other cream bases; for liquid formulations there may be mentioned, for example, water, oils of vegetable origin and low boiling solvents such as isopropanol, hydrogenated naphthalenes and the like. The pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the present invention may be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical expedients such as sterilization and can contain conventional pharmaceutical excipients such as preservatives, stabilizing agents, emulsifying agents, salts for the adjustment of osmotic pressure and buffers. The compositions may also contain other therapeutically active materials. In pharmaceutical applications, the subject compounds and compositions may be administered to humans and animals by conventional methods, e.g., topically, orally, parenterally and the like. Parenteral administration includes intramuscular as well as subcutaneous and intravenous injection. Intravenous injection of imidazole derivatives for certain systemic conditions has been demonstrated to be effective (see for example, Drugs, 9, 419- 420(1975), which describes the intravenous administration of Miconazole, i.e., 1-[2,4-dichloro-.beta.-(2',4'-dichlorobenzyloxy)phenethyl]imidazole nitrate, to patients with systemic candidiasis).

Topical application is the preferred method of administration in pharmaceutical applications. For such treatment, an area having an existing fungal, bacterial or protozoal growth, or to be protected against attack by fungi, bacteria or protozoa may be treated with the subject compounds or compositions by, for example, dusting, sprinkling, spraying, rinsing, brushing, dipping, smearing, coating, impregnating and the like. Topical compositions containing the compounds of the present invention exhibit anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal activity over a wide range of concentration, for example, from about 0.1 to 10.0% by weight of the composition.

The pharmaceutical compositions hereof typically comprise one or more subject compounds of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic carrier, and are preferably formulated in unit dosage form to facilitate administration (unit dosage being the amount of active ingredient administered on one occasion).

In general, for systemic (e.g. oral or parenteral) administration it is expedient to administer the active ingredient in amounts of between about 1 and 100 mg./kg. body weight per day (preferably between about 5 and 50 mg./kg. body weight per day) distributed over several applications (e.g. in 3 individual doses) in order to achieve effective results. For localized (e.g. topical) administration however, proportionately less of the active ingredient is required. The exact regimen for pharmaceutical administration of the compounds and compositions disclosed herein will necessarily be dependent upon the needs of the individual subject being treated, the type of treatment, e.g., whether preventative or curative, the type of organism involved and, of course, the judgment of the attending practitioner. In any event the compositions to be administered will contain a quantity of the subject compound in an amount effective for relief or prevention of the specific condition being treated.

In agricultural applications, the subject compounds may be applied directly to plants (e.g., seeds, foliage) or to soil. For example, compounds of the present invention may be applied to seeds alone or in admixture with a powdered solid carrier. Typical powdered carriers are the various mineral silicates, e.g., mica, talc, pyrophyllite and clays. The subject compounds may also be applied to the seeds in admixture with a conventional surface-active wetting agent with or without additional solid carrier. Surface-active wetting agents that can be used are any of the conventional anionic, non-anionic or cationic types. As a soil treatment for fungi and the like, the subject compounds can be applied as a dust in admixture with sand, soil or a powdered solid carrier such as a mineral silicate with or without additional surface-active agent, or the subject compounds can be applied as an aqueous spray optionally containing a surface-active dispersing agent and a powdered solid carrier. As a foliage treatment, the subject compounds may be applied to growing plants as an aqueous spray which contains a surface-active dispersing agent with or without a powdered solid carrier and hydrocarbon solvents.

In industrial applications, the subject compounds may be used to control bacteria and fungi by contacting the pathogens with the compounds in any known matter. Materials capable of supporting bacteria and fungi may be protected by contacting, mixing or impregnating these materials with the subject compounds. In order to increase their effect, the subject compounds may be combined with other pesticidal control agents such as fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, miticides and the like. A particularly important industrial/agricultural use for the subject compounds of the present invention is as a food preservative against bacteria and fungi which cause deterioration and spoilage of foods.

The present invention in a still further aspect is directed to methods for the preparation of the subject compounds of Formula (I).

The following reaction sequence, directed to the preparation of compounds of Formulas (IA) and (IB), can be illustrated as follows: ##STR6## wherein R.sup.1 is as previously defined, R.sup.2 is limited to benzyl and substituted benzyl, Z is oxygen or sulfur and X' is a conventional leaving group such as a halide (e.g. chloride or bromide), or a sulfonate ester (e.g. methanesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate).

In the above sequence, the imidazole derivatives of Formulas (IA) and (IB) are prepared by converting a hydroxy compound of Formmula (1) to its metal salt by treatment with a strong base, such as sodium hydride and the like, and thereafter contacting the resulting metal salt with a compound of Formula (2). Preparation of the metal salt is effected in an organic solvent such as hexamethylphosphoramide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide and the like, at a temperature of 0.degree. to 65.degree. C. for a period of 30 minutes to 4 hours. Thereafter, reaction of the metal salt with a compound of Formula (2) is carried out in the same solvent at a temperature of 0.degree. to 65.degree. C. for a period of 1 to 24 hours.

The following reaction sequence, directed to the preparation of compounds of Formula (IC), can be illustrated as follows: ##STR7## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as previously defined, and X' is a conventional leaving group such as a halide (e.g. chloride or bromide) or a sulfonate ester (e.g. methanesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate).

In the above sequence, the imidazole derivatives of Formula (IC) are prepared from compounds of Formula (3) by a two-step sequence involving conversion of the hydroxy group to a suitable leaving group such as a halide (e.g., a chloride or bromide) or a sulfonate ester (e.g., methanesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate) which is then reacted with a metal salt of a thiol of Formula (5).

The conversion of an alcohol of Formula (3) to a compound of Formula (4) is carried out by means well known in the art. For example, the alcohol may be halogenated using a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide, either neat, or in an inert organic solvent such as dichloromethane or chloroform, at a temperature between about 0.degree. to 80.degree. C., preferably between about 20.degree. and 80.degree. C. The halogenation reaction may be carried out in the presence of a molar equivalent of a base (e.g., pyridine) if desired. Alternate halogenation procedures include, for example, the use of triphenylphosphine with either carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide, or N-chloro (or N-bromo)succinimide. succinimide. When utilizing thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide without the use of added base, the hydrochloride or hydrobromide salt of the corresponding halo compound is produced. This salt is preferably neutralized (e.g., with potassium carbonate) prior to its use in the thioalkylation step, however the salt may be used directly if excess thiol salt is utilized.

Sulfonate esters may be prepared by the standard procedure of treating the alcohol with an excess of, for example, methanesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, in the presence of a base, for example pyridine or triethylamine. This reaction is carried out at a temperature from about -20.degree. to +50.degree. C., preferably between about 0.degree. and 20.degree. C.

The thus prepared compounds of Formula (4) are then treated with a metal salt, preferably an alkali metal salt such as the sodium or potassium salt, of a thiol of Formula (5) in the presence of an inert organic solvent at a temperature from about 20.degree. to about 80.degree. C.

The reaction of compounds of Formula (4) with compounds of Formula (5) wherein R.sup.2 in Formula (5) is benzyl or substituted benzyl is carried out in an inert organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ether, methanol and the like in the presence of a suitable base such as sodium hydride or sodium methoxide at a temperature of 20.degree. to 67.degree. C. for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.

The reaction of compounds of Formula (4) with compounds of Formula (5) wherein R.sup.2 in Formula (5) is phenyl or substituted phenyl is carried out in an inert organic solvent such as acetone, methanol and the like in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or sodium methoxide at ambient temperature to reflux for a period of 30 minutes to 72 hours.

The following reaction sequence, directed to the preparation of compounds of Formula (ID), can be illustrated as follows: ##STR8## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as previously defined and X' is a conventional leaving group such as halide (e.g. chloride or bromide) or a sulfonate ester (e.g., methanesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate).

In the above sequence, compounds of formula (7) are prepared in the same manner previously described for the preparation of compounds of Formula (4) in Sequence 2.

Thereafter the imidazole derivatives of Formula (ID) are prepared by reacting a compound of Formula (7) with a metal salt, preferably an alkali metal salt, of a thiol of Formula (8). This particular reaction proceeds via a cyclic intermediate with the net result being attachment of the entering R.sup.1 -S-moiety at the --CH.sub.2 -position and migration of the original R.sup.2 S-moiety from this position to the --CH.dbd. position.

The reaction of compounds of Formula (7) with compounds of Formula (8), wherein R.sup.1 in Formula (8) is benzyl or substituted benzyl, is carried out as previously described in the preparation of compounds of Formula (IC) in Sequence 2 (see paragraph 6).

The reaction of compounds of Formula (7) with compounds of Formula (8), wherein R.sup.1 in Formula (8) is phenyl or substituted phenyl, is carried out as previously described in the preparation of compounds of Formula (IC) in Sequence 2 (see paragraph 7).

The following reaction sequence, directed to a second method for the preparation of compounds of Formula (IC), can be illustrated as follows: ##STR9## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as previously described in X' is a conventional leaving group such as a halide (e.g., chloride or bromide) or a sulfonate ester (e.g., methaneusulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate).

In the above sequence, compounds of Formula (10) are prepared in the same manner previously described for the preparation of compounds of Formula (4) in Sequence 2.

Thereafter, compounds of Formula (10) are reacted with imidazole in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, and the like to obtain the imidazole derivatives of Formula (IC). This reaction is carried out at a temperature of 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. for a period of 1 to 24 hours.

The following reaction sequence, directed to a second method for the preparation of certain compounds of Formula (ID), can be illustrated as follows: ##STR10## wherein R.sup.1 is benzyl or substituted benzyl and X' is a conventional leaving group such as a halide (e.g., chloride or bromide) or a sulfonate ester (e.g., methanesulfonate or p-toluenesulfonate).

In the above sequence, compounds of Formula (12) are prepared in the same manner previously described for the preparation of compounds of Formula (4) in Sequence 2.

Thereafter, compounds of Formula (12) are reacted with imidazole in the manner previously described in Sequence 4 (paragraph 3) to obtain the imidazole derivatives of Formula (ID).

The subject compounds of the instant invention can be isolated as free bases, however, since many of the compounds in base form are oils or gums, it is more convenient to isolate and characterize the compounds as acid addition salts. These salts are prepared in the usual manner, i.e., by reaction of the base compound with a suitable inorganic or organic acid, described above. Salts formed with dibasic acids (e.g. oxalic acid) may contain one or two molecules of base per molecule of acid. All oxalates described herein contain one molecule of oxalic acid per molecule of imidazole base. If desired, the salts can be readily converted to the compounds in base form by treatment with alkali, such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium or potassium hydroxide.

The alcohols required as starting materials for preparation of the subject compounds of the instant invention are either available or can be obtained by known processes.

For example, the alcohols required in Sequences 1-3 can be prepared as follows: ##STR11## wherein R.sup.1 is as previously defined, X' is chloro or bromo and Z is oxygen or sulfur.

In the above depicted sequence, the 2,3-epoxypropyl (thio)ethers of Formula (15) are prepared by reaction of a compound of Formula (13) with an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin or epibromohydrin followed by reaction of the resulting 2,3-epoxypropyl (thio)ether with imidazole.

The reaction of compounds of Formula (13) with epihalohydrins, wherein R.sup.1 in Formula (13) is benzyl or substituted benzyl is carried out in an inert organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ether and the like in the presence of a suitable base such as sodium hydride at a temperature of 0.degree. to 67.degree. C. for a period of 30 minutes to 72 hours.

The reaction of compounds of Formula (13) with epihalohydrins, wherein R.sup.1 in Formula (13) is phenyl or substituted phenyl is carried out in an inert organic solvent such as acetone, methanol and the like in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium methoxide at ambient temperature to reflux for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.

The thus obtained 2,3-epoxypropyl(thio)ethers of Formula (15) are then reacted with at least one molar equivalent of imidazole (preferably an excess) in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, and the like, at a temperature of 0.degree. to 80.degree. C. for a period of 1 to 72 hours to obtain the alcohols of Formula (1).

Alcohols required in Sequence 4 can be prepared as follows: ##STR12## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as previously defined.

In the above depicted sequence, the alcohols of Formula (9) are prepared by reaction of a 2,3-epoxypropyl ether of Formula (16) with a benzyl mercaptan or thiophenol of Formula (5).

The reaction of a 2,3-epoxypropyl ether (16) with a benzyl mercaptan is carried out in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ether and the like in the presence of a suitable base such as sodium hydride at ambient temperature to reflux for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.

The reaction of a 2,3-epoxypropyl ether (16) with a thiophenol is carried out in an inert organic solvent such as acetone, methanol and the like in the presence of a suitable base such as potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium methoxide at ambient temperature to reflux for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.

Alcohols required in Sequence 5 can be prepared as follows: ##STR13## wherein R.sup.1 is benzyl or substituted benzyl and X' is chloro or bromo.

In the above depicted reaction sequences, the alcohols of Formula (11) are prepared by:

a. reacting a dihalopropanone of Formula (17) with a benzyl mercaptan of Formula (18) at a molar ratio of 1:>2 in an inert organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ether and the like in the presence of a suitable base such as sodium hydride at a temperature of 0.degree. to 67.degree. C. for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours and thereafter reducing the resultant ketone of Formula (19) with an alkali metal borohydride such as sodium borohydride at 0.degree. C.; or

b. reacting an epihalohydrin of Formula (14) with a benzyl mercaptan of Formula (18) at a molar ratio of 1:2 as previously described in the preparation of compounds of Formula (15); or

c. reacting a 1,3-dihalo-2-propanol of Formula (20) with a benzyl mercaptan of Formula (18) at a molar ratio of 1:2 in an inert organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ether and the like in the presence of a suitable base such as sodium hydride at a temperature of 0.degree. to 67.degree. C. for a period of 30 minutes to 24 hours.

The following specific description is given to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand and practice the present invention. It should not be considered as a limitation upon the scope of the invention but merely as being illustrative and representative thereof.

A 56% dispersion of sodium hydride in mineral oil (2.2 g.) is added at room temperature to a solution of 7.95 g. of 4-chlorobenzylmercaptan in 100 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran. The resulting salt is then treated with 13.7 g. epibromohydrin in 20 ml. tetrahydrofuran and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes and evaporated to dryness. Thereafter, 250 ml. of ether is added to the residue and the ether extract washed with water. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated; excess epibromohydrin being removed under vacuum. To the resulting oil is added 17 g. imidazole in 50 ml. dimethylformamide. The mixture is stirred overnight, at 60.degree. C. and then poured into water and the aqueous phase extracted with ether. The resulting product is chromatographed on silica gel and eluted with 10% methanol in methylene chloride to yield 12.3 g. of 1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]-imidazole as an amber gum.

Similarly, replacing 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan in the above procedure with other benzyl mercaptans or benzyl alcohols is productive of the following 1-[3'-benzylthio(oxy)- 2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazoles:

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-methylbenzylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole, m.p. 81.degree.-85.degree. C.,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole, and

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole.

A mixture of 14.5 g. of 4-chlorothiophenol, 15 g. of epibromohydrin and 16 g. of anhydrous potassium carbonate in 150 ml. acetone is stirred at reflux. After 2 hours the mixture is evaporated to dryness and 150 ml. of water is added to the residue. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ether and the ether extract washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to yield a pale yellow oil.

Without further purification the oil obtained above is added to 34 g. of imidazole in 50 ml. dimethylformamide. After stirring for 3 days at 25.degree. C. the reaction mixture is poured into 350 ml. of water. On shaking the resultant aqueous mixture with ether, the product crystallizes from the two phase system. The precipitate is filtered off and washed with water and ether and the product is then recrystallized from aqueous methanol to yield 1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole, M.P. 108.5.degree.-109.degree. C.

Similarly, replacing 4-chlorothiophenol in the above procedure with other thiophenols or phenols is productive of the following 1-[3'-phenylthio(oxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazoles:

1-[3'-phenylthio-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-pentachlorophenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-fluorophenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-methylphenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-t-butylphenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(2"-methyl-4"-t-butylphenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-phenoxy-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole, m.p. 109.degree.-111.degree. C.,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole, m.p. 81.degree.-85.degree. C.,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-bromophenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole, decomp. 91.degree.-92.5.degree. C.,

1-[3'-(4"-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-t-butylphenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole, decomp. 137.5.degree.-138.5.degree. C., and

1-[3'-(2",4",6"-trimethylphenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole, m.p. 112.degree.-114.degree. C.

A 56% dispersion of sodium hydride in mineral oil (880 mg.) is added at room temperature to a solution of 3.5 g. 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan in 60 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran. To the resulting salt is added, at room temperature and with stirring, 3.7 g. 4-chlorophenyl 2,3-epoxypropyl ether in several ml. of dry tetrahydrofuran. After 30 minutes, 3 ml. of water is added to the reaction mixture which is then evaporated to dryness. The resulting residue is extracted with ether and the ether extracts washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to yield 3-(4'-chlorophenoxy-1-(4'-chlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol.

Similarly, replacing 4-chlorophenyl 2,3-epoxypropyl ether in the above procedure with other 2,3-epoxypropyl ethers and/or replacing 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan with other benzyl mercaptans is productive of the following 3-(R.sup.1 -oxy)-1-(R.sup.2 -thio)-2-propanols:

3-(3',4'-dichlorobenzyloxy)-1-(4'-chlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(3',4'-dichlorobenzyloxy)-1-(3',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(3',4'-dichlorobenzyloxy)-1-(2',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(2',4'-dichlorobenzyloxy)-1-(4'-chlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(2',4'-dichlorobenzyloxy)-1-(3',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(2',4'-dichlorobenzyloxy)-1-(2',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-1-(4'-chlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(3',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-1-(3',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(3',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-1-(2',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)-1-(3',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(3',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-1-(4'-chlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(4'-fluorobenzyloxy)-1-(4'-t-butylbenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-1-(3',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol,

3-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)-1-(2',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol, and

3-(4'-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-1-(3',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol.

1,3-dichloropropanone (1.9 g.) is added to the salt obtained by mixing 5.8 g. 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan and 1.44 g. sodium hydride (56% dispersion in mineral oil) in 125 ml. tetrahydrofuran. After 30 minutes solvent is removed from the reaction mixture and 100 ml. water is added to the residue. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ether and the ether extract washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to dryness. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel and eluted with 1:1 benzene:hexane to yield 2.4 g. of 1,3-bis(4'-chlorobenzylthio) propanone.

Without further purification the above ketone in 50 ml. methanol is reduced at 0.degree. C. with excess sodium borohydride. The mixture is then evaporated to dryness and 50 ml. of water is added to the residue. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with methylene chloride and the extract evaporated to yield 2.4 g. of 1,3-bis(4'-chlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol as a colorless gum.

Epibromohydrin (1.37 g.) in 2 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran is added to a stirred suspension of the salt obtained by mixing 3 g. of 4-methylbenzyl mercaptan and 550 mg. of sodium hydride (56% dispersion in mineral oil) in 60 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran. The resulting solution is heated at reflux for 4 hours. Thereafter, the solvent is removed and 30 ml. of water is added to the residue. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ether and the ether extracts washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to dryness to yield 1,3-bis(4'-methylbenzylthio)-2-propanol.

Similarly, replacing 4-methylbenzyl mercaptan in the above procedure with other benzyl mercaptans is productive of the following 1,3-bis-benzylthio-2-propanols:

1,3-bis-(2',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol, and

1,3-bis-(3',4'-dichlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol.

1,3-dibromo-2-propanol (2.18 g.) is added to a stirred suspension of the salt obtained by mixing 2.7 g. benzyl mercaptan and sodium hydride (56% dispersion in mineral oil; 900 mg.) in 50 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran. After 2 hours at room temperature, the solvent is removed and 20 ml. of water is added to the residue. The resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ether and the extracts washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to yield 1,3-bis(benzylthio)-2-propanol.

A 56% dispersion of sodium hydride in mineral oil (480 mg.) is added under nitrogen to a solution of 2.53 g. of 1[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole in 5 ml. dry hexamethylphosporamide. After stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, the temperature is adjusted to 45.degree. C. and stirring is continued for 2 hours. The solution is then cooled and 1.77 g. of .alpha.,4-dichlorotoluene in 1 ml. hexamethylphosphoramide is added dropwise while the temperature is maintained below 9.degree. C. Thereafter, the solution is stirred for 1 hour at 25.degree. C. and then for 2 hours at 45.degree. C. The reaction mixture is poured into water and the resultant aqueous mixture extracted with ether and the ether extract washed with water. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate and acidified with oxalic acid. The product which precipitates is filtered off and recrystallized from ethyl acetate to yield 1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3' -(4"-chlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 105.degree.-107.degree. C.

A 56% dispersion of sodium hydride in mineral oil (240 mg.) is added under nitrogen to a solution of 1.43 g. of 1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole in 4 ml. of dry hexamethylphosphoramide. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 1 hour at 25.degree. C., and then 1 hour at 45.degree. C. The solution is then cooled in an ice bath and 1.07 g. of .alpha.,3,4-trichlorotoluene in 1 ml. hexamethylphosphoramide is added dropwise with stirring. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 1 hour at 5.degree. C., and then for 1 hour at 25.degree. C., and finally for 2 hours at 45.degree. C. The mixture is then poured into 100 ml. of water and the resultant aqueous mixture extracted with ether and the ether extracts washed with water. The organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The resulting residue is chromatographed on silica gel and eluted with 30% acetone in dichloromethane to yield pure 1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole which is taken up in ether and treated with nitric acid yielding, after recrystallization of the crude salt from ethyl acetate/ether, 1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate, m.p. 116.degree.-118.5.degree. C.

Thionyl chloride (20 ml.) and 4.0 g. of 1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole are warmed gently for a period of 2 hours. Thereafter, the solution is evaporated to dryness and the residue is rendered basic with ice cold potassium carbonate solution and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined extracts are washed with a saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to dryness to yield 4.2 g. of 1-[2'-chloro-3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole.

The chloro compound, i.e., 1-[2'-chloro-3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole (2.1g.), is then heated under reflux with 1.5 g. p-chlorothiophenol and 1.4 g. of anhydrous potassium carbonate in 50 ml. of acetone. After stirring for 12 hours the solvent is removed and water is added to the residue. The resultant aqueous phase is then extracted with ether and the ether extracts washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and acidified with oxalic acid. The product which precipitates is filtered off and recrystallized from ethyl acetate to yield 1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 81.degree.-85.5.degree. C.

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-hydroxypropyl]imidazole (2.0 g.) and 10 ml. thionyl chloride are warmed gently for 2 hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is evaporated to dryness to yield 1-[2'-chloro-3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole hydrochloride as a gum. The gum is dissolved in dichloromethane (100 ml.), basified with aqueous potassium carbonate solution and the organic phase dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated.

The chloride obtained above is dissolved in several ml. of tetrahydrofuran and added to the salt prepared from 3.2 g. 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan and 600 mg. sodium hydride (56% dispersion mineral oil) in 60 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran. The mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature and thereafter evaporated to dryness. The residue is extracted with ether and the ether extract washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to dryness. The residue is chromatographed on silica gel. Elution with 1% methanol in dichloromethane yields a colorless gum which is acidified with oxalic acid in ether. The oxalate is then recrystallized from ethyl acetate to yield 2.16 g. of 1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 124.5.degree.-128.degree. C.

Alternatively, 1-[2'-chloro-3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole (1 g.) is heated under reflux with 1.5 g. p-chlorothiophenol and 1.4 g. anhydrous potassium carbonate in 50 ml. of acetone. After stirring for 4 hours the solvent is removed and 50 ml. of water is added to the residue. The resultant aqueous mixture is then extracted with ether and the ether extract washed with water. The organic phase is then dried over magnesium sulfate and acidified with nitric acid. The product which precipitates is filtered off and crystallized from ethyl acetate to yield 1.01 g. of 1-[2',3'-bis(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate, m.p. 107.5.degree.-109.degree. C.

Crude 3-(4'-chlorobenzylthio)-1-(4'-chlorophenoxy)-2-propanol, obtained in Preparation C, in 40 ml. of dichloromethane and 3 ml. of thionyl chloride are stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. Thereafter the solution is evaporated to dryness and 20 ml. of acetonitrile and 7 g. of imidazole are added to the resulting residue. After stirring the reaction mixture for 24 hours at 65.degree. C. and evaporation of the solvent, 50 ml. of water is added to the resulting residue. The resultant aqueous phase is extracted with ether and the ether extracts washed with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and acidified with oxalic acid. The product which precipitates is filtered off and recrystallized twice from ethyl acetate to yield 2.55 g. of 1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 107.degree.-108.5.degree. C.

1,3-bis(4'-chlorobenzylthio)-2-propanol (1.2 g.) in 20 ml. dichloromethane containing 2 ml. thionyl chloride is refluxed for 2 hours. Thereafter the reaction mixture is evaporated to dryness and 1.2 g. imidazole in 20 ml. acetonitrile is added to the residue. The reaction mixture is stirred at 80.degree. C. for 16 hours. Thereafter the solvent is removed, water is added and the resultant aqueous mixture is extracted with ether. The ether extracts are dried over magnesium sulfate and acidified with oxalic acid. The product which precipitates is filtered off and crystallized from ethyl acetate to yield 0.91 g. of 1-[2',3' -bis(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 113.5.degree.-116.5.degree. C.

Repeating the procedure of Example 1 or 2 using reactants of Formulas (1) and (2) as dictated by the particular 1{ 2'-[benzyloxy]-3'-[R.sup.1 -oxy(thio)]propyl}-imidazole desired is productive of the following compounds as the indicated acid addition salts by treatment in the conventional manner with the appropriate acid:

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate, m.p. 114.degree.-115.5.degree. C.,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 94.degree.-95.5.degree. C. (foaming),

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)propyl]imidazole oxalate,

1-[2'-(2",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4" -dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate, m.p. 98.degree.-104.5.degree. C.,

1-[2'-(3",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4" -dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(2",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4" -dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate, m.p. 51.degree.-61.degree. C. (foaming),

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4" dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(3",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4" -dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(2",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4" -dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4" -dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(3",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3" 4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(2",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4" -dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(2",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 117.degree.-120.degree. C.,

1-[2'-(3",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4" -dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(2",4" -dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl] imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl] imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-t-butylbenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 118.5.degree.-120.degree. C.,

1-[2'-(benzyloxy)-3'-(pentachlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-fluorobenzyloxy)-3'-(pentachlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-bromobenzyloxy)-3'-(2"-methyl-4"-t-butylphenylthio)propyl]imidazo le oxalate,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-trifluoromethylphenoxy)propyl]imidaz ole nitrate,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-2'-(4"-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)propyl]imi dazole oxalate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate, and

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate.

Repeating the procedure of Example 3 using reactants of Formulas (3) and (5) as dictated by the particular 1-[3'-(R.sup.1 -oxy)-2'-(R.sup.2 -thio)propyl]imidazole desired is productive of the following compounds as the indicated acid addition salts by treatment in the conventional manner with the appropriate acid:

1-[2'-(4"-bromophenylthio)-3'-(4"-t-butylphenoxy)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. coalesces 144.degree. C.; final melt 156.5.degree. C.,

1-[3'-(4"-bromophenoxy)-2'-(4"-t-butylphenylthio)propyl]imidazole bisulfate, m.p. 94.degree.-112.degree. C.,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 125.degree.-127.degree. C.,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[3'-(phenoxy-2'-(pentachlorophenylthio)propyl]-imidazole oxalate, m.p. 177.5.degree.-179.degree. C. (foaming),

1-[3'-(2",4",6"-trimethylphenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imida zole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-t-butyl-2"-methylphenylthio)propyl]imidazol e oxalate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-trifluoromethylphenylthio)propyl]imida zole oxalate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-chloro-3"-trifluoromethylphenylthio)pr opyl]imidazole oxalate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(4" -chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichloropheylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate, and

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate.

Repeating the procedures recited in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Example 4, but replacing 1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2-hydroxypropyl]imidazole and 4-chlorobenzyl mercaptan with 1-[3'-(4"-fluorophenylthio)-2-hydroxypropyl]imidazole and 4-t-butylbenzyl mercaptan respectively is productive of 1-[3'-(4"-t-butylbenzylthio)-2'-(4"-fluorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate.

Similarly, repeating the procedures recited in paragraphs 1 and 2 (or 1 and 3) of Example 4 using reactants of Formulas (6) and (8) as dictated by the particular 1-[2'-(R.sup.2 -thio)-3'-(R.sup.1 -thio)propyl]imidazole desired is productive of the following compounds as the indicated acid addition salts by treatment in the conventional manner with the appropriate acid:

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate, m.p. 133.degree.-134.degree. C. (foaming),

1-[3'-(4"-t-butyl-2"-methylphenylthio)-2'-(4"-methylphenylthio)propyl]imida zole oxalate,

1-[2',3'-bis(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate, m.p. 153.5.degree.-156.degree. C.(decomp.),

1-[3'-(pentachlorophenylthio)-2'-(phenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-methylbenzylthio)-3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate,

1-[2',3'-bis(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate.

Repeating the procedure of Example 5 using reactants of Formula (9) as dictated by the particular 1-[3'-(R.sup.1 -oxy)-2'-(R.sup.2 -thio)propyl]imidazole desired is productive of the following compounds as the indicated acid addition salt by treatment in the conventional manner with the appropriate acid:

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate, and

1-[3'-(4"-fluorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-t-butylbenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole nitrate.

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(2',4'-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(4"-trifluoromethylphenylthio)propyl]im idazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole nitrate,

1-[3'-(4"-t-butylphenoxy)-2'-(4"-methylbenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 155.degree.-156.degree. C. (foaming), and

1-[3'-(4"-bromophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 112.degree.-115.degree. C.

Repeating the procedure of Example 6 using reactants of Formula (11) as dictated by the particular 1-[2',3'-bis-(R.sup.1 -thio)propyl]imidazoles desired is productive of the following compounds as the indicated acid addition salt by treatment in the conventional manner with the appropriate acid:

1-[2',3'-bis(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]-imidazole nitrate,

1-[2',3'-bis(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]-imidazole nitrate,

1-[2',3'-bis(benzylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 142.degree.-143.degree. C. (decomp.), and

1-[2',3'-bis(4"-methylbenzylthio)propyl]imidazole oxalate, m.p. 124.degree.-126.degree. C.

1-[2',3'-Bis(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole nitrate (2.3 g.) in 100 ml. of dichloromethane is shaken with excess dilute potassium carbonate solution until the salt is completely dissolved. The organic layer is then separated, washed twice with water, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to yield 1-[2',3'-bis(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]-imidazole as a mobile gum.

In similar manner, the antimicrobial acid addition salts of all compounds of Formula (I) are converted to the corresponding compounds in base form, for example

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[2',3'-bis-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]-immida zole,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imdazol e,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]-imidaz ole,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-t-butylbenzyloxy)-3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(benzyloxy)-3'-(pentachlorophenylthio)propyl]-imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-fluorobenzyloxy)-3'-(pentachlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-bromobenzyloxy)-3'-(2"-methyl-4"-t-butylphenylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(4" -trifluoromethylphenoxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-2'-(4"-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)propyl]imi dazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-bromophenylthio)-3'-(4"-t-butylphenoxy)propyl]-imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-bromophenoxy)-2'-(4"-t-butylphenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazol e,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[3'-(phenoxy)-2'-(pentachlorophenylthio)propyl]-imidazole,

1-[3'-(2",4",6"-trimethylphenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imida zole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-butyl-2"-methylphenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-trifluoromethylphenylthio)propyl]imida zole,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2"-(4"-chloro-3"-trifluoromethylphenylthio)pr opyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-propyl]-imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-t-butyl-2"-methylphenylthio)-2'-(4"-methylphenylthio)propyl]imida zole,

1-[2',3'-bis(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(pentachlorophenylthio)-2'-(phenylthio)propyl]-imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-methylbenzylthio)-3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[2',3'-bis(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]-imidazole,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[3'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[3'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazo le,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(3",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-fluorobenzyloxy)2'-(4"-t-butylbenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]imidazole

1-[2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenoxy)-propyl]imidazol e,

1-[2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-3'-(4"-trifluoromethylphenylthio)propyl]im idazole,

1-[2',3'-bis(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]-imidazole,

1-[2',3'-bis(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]-imidazole,

1-[2',3'-bis(benzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[2',3'-bis(4"-methylbenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzyloxy)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorophenylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-3'-(2",4"-dichlorophenylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-clorophenylthio)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(4"-chlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-chlorobenzyloxy)-2'-(2",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole,

1-[3'-(4"-t-butylphenoxy)-2'-(4"-methylbenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole, and

1-[3'-(4"-bromophenoxy)-2'-(3",4"-dichlorobenzylthio)-propyl]imidazole.

Nitric acid (70%; d = 1.42) is added dropwise to a stirred solution of 19.7 g. of 1-[2',3'-bis(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]imidazole in 300 ml. of anhydrous ether until precipitation is complete. The product is filtered off, washed with ether, air dried, and recrystallized from ethyl acetate to yield 21 g. of 1-[2',3'-bis(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]-imidazole nitrate, m.p. 108.degree.-109.degree. C.

In similar manner, all compounds of Formula (I) in base form can be converted to the antimicrobial acid addition salts by treatment in the conventional manner with the appropriate acid.

The following example illustrates the preparation of representative formulations containing an active compound, such as a salt of 1-[2',3'-bis(4"-chlorophenylthio)propyl]-imidazole, which may be used for controlling fungi, bacteria and protozoa.

All of the above ingredients, except water, are combined and heated at 60.degree. C. with stirring. A sufficient quantity of water at 60.degree. C. is then added with vigorous stirring to provide 100 g. of the cream formulation which is then cooled to room temperature.

The active compound is dissolved in propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 400 and Tween 80. A sufficient quantity of 0.9% saline solution is then added with stirring to provide 100 ml. of the I.V. solution which is filtered through a 0.2 micron membrane filter and packaged under sterile conditions.

The above ingredients are combined and granulated using methanol as the solvent. The formulation is then dried and formed into tablets (containing 200 mg. of active compound) with an appropriate tabletting machine.