Anti-Microbial Quaternary Ammonium Co-Polymers

7.1 grams of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-2-butene (0.05 mole) and 5.6 grams of diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (0.05 mole) were dissolved in 25 grams of water, and to the solution were added drop-wise 12.5 grams of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene (0.1 mole) at such a rate as to keep the temperature at about 60.degree. C.-70.degree. C. After addition was complete, and the exothermic reaction had subsided, the mixture was heated in a steam bath for about 1 hour, at which time analysis for ionic chloride showed that the reaction was about 98% to 100% complete. The resulting solution contained about 50% by weight of active co-polymer.

The same procedure was repeated, using as the mixtures of difunctional tertiary amines (a) 0.05 mole 1,4-bis-(morpholino)-2-butene and 0.05 mole of N,N'-dimethylpiperazine, (b) 0.05 mole of diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane and 0.05 mole of 1,4-di-(N-homopiperidino)-2-butene, (c) 0.05 mole of 1,4-bis (dimethylamino)-2-butene and 0.05 mole of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl ethylenediamine. In each synthesis, the weight of water used as a solvent was approximately equal to the sum of the weights of the two difunctional tertiary amines and 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, so that the final mixture contained about 50% by weight of active co-polymer.

12.8 grams of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-2-butene (0.09 moles) and 1.14 grams of N,N'-dimethyl piperazine (0.01 mole) were dissolved in 26 grams of water, and to the solution were added dropwise 12.5 grams of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene at such a rate as to keep the temperature at about 60.degree. C.-70.degree. C. After addition was completed, and the exothermic reaction had subsided, the mixture was heated on a steam bath for about 1 hour, at which time analysis for ionic chloride showed that the reaction was about 98% to 100% complete. The resulting solution contained about 50% weight of active co-polymer.

The same procedure was repeated using as the mixtures of difunctional tertiary amines (a) 0.08 mole of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-2-butene and 0.02 mole of 1,4-bis-(N-morpholino)-2-butene, (b) 0.08 mole of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-2-butene and 0.02 mole of 1,4-bis-(N-homopiperidino)-2-butene, (c) 0.07 mole of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-2-butene and 0.03 mole of 1,4-bis-(methyl dodecyl amino)-2-butene, and (d) 0.09 mole of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-2-butene, and 0.01 mole of 1,4-bis-(methyl dodecylamino)-2-butene.

In each synthesis, the weight of the water used as a solvent was approximately equal to the sum of the weights of the two difunctional tertiary amines and 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, so that the final mixture contained about 50% by weight of active co-polymer.

11.40 grams of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)- 2-butene (0.08 mole), 1.2 grams of N,N'-dimethyl piperazine (0.01 mole) and 2.3 grams of 1,4-bis-(N-morpholino)-2-butene (0.01 mole) were dissolved in 27 grams of water, and to the solution were added dropwise 12.5 grams of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene at such a rate as to keep the temperature at about 60.degree.-70.degree. C. After addition was complete, and the exothermic reaction had subsided, the mixture was heated on a steam bath for about 1 hour, at which time analysis for ionic chloride showed that the reaction was about 98%-100% complete. The resulting solution contained about 50% by weight of active co-polymer.

The same procedure was repeated using as the mixtures of difunctional tertiary amines (a) 0.08 mole of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-2butene, 0.01 mole of 1,4-bis-(N-homopiperidino)-2-butene and 0.01 mole of N,N'-dimethyl piperazine, and (b) 0.08 mole of 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-2-butene, 0.01 mole of N,N' -dimethylpiperazine and 0.01 mole of 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane.

In each synthesis, the weight of water used as a solvent was approximately equal to the sum of the weights of the three difunctional tertiary amines and 1,4-dichloro-2-butene, so that the final mixture contained about 50% by weight of active co-polymer.

11.1 grams of 1,4-di-(N-homopiperazino)-2-butene (0.05 mole) and 5.6 grams of 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (0.05 mole) were dissolved in about 20 grams of isopropanol, and to the solution was added 12.5 grams of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene over a period of about 15 minutes, or at a rate which keeps the solvent refluxing gently. After the exothermic reaction subsided, the mixture was maintained under reflux for about 1 hour. It was then cooled to room temperature, and the precipitate was separated from the mother liquors by filtration. The solid co-polymer, which was produced after drying, was substantially free from impurities caused by side reactions or by adsorption of unreacted starting materials, thereby making it easier to purify for use in cosmetics, cosmetic emulsions or other vehicles intended for use on the human body.

The same product, in about the same yield was obtained when acetone replaced isopropanol as the solvent.

Various representative co-polymers were made in accordance with the specifications and examples of this invention for anti-microbial testing. The co-polymeric products are related to their numbers as follows, it being understood that the ratio of difunctional tertiary amines is given in moles, and the molar quantity of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene is equal to the molar sum of the amines.

The broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory level of the several representative mixtures of polymeric quaternary products against a variety of bacteria. The organisms chosen were Escherechia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphyllococcus aureus, and, Streptococcus faecalis.

A nutrient broth for testing E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was made up by dissolving

5.0 grams of Beef extract

5.0 grams of sodium chloride

10.0 grams of Peptone

per liter of solution.

The nutrient broth for testing S. faecalis was made up by dissolving

2.5 grams of dextrose

5.0 grams of sodium chloride

2.5 grams of di-potassium phosphate

20.0 grams of peptone

per liter of water.

Each broth used for testing was sterilized for 15 minutes at 15 pounds of steam.

To 9.0 ml. of broth, 1.0 ml. of aqueous solution of each compound to be tested was added in appropriate concentrations to make final mixtures contain 500, 250, 100, 50, 25 ppm respectively. Then 0.01 ml. of a 24 hour bacterial broth culture was added into each tube to give a final bacterial count of (1-10).times. 10.sup.-.sup.6 organisms per ml. of the test bacteria.

The tubes so inoculated were incubated at 37.degree. C., and the results were recorded for turbidity growth after 48 and 96 hours.

The lowest concentration of experimental product being tested which prevented microscopic growth of test bacteria, was considered to be the minimum inhibitory level for that specific bacterial being tested.

The results of the tests, portraying the relationship between minimum inhibitory concentrations and test organisms, are shown in the following table:

The tests give clear indication that the co-polymeric quaternary products of this invention are effective inhibitors of bacterial growth, at low concentrations.

In order to test the foaming properties of the co-polymers of this invention, the extremely vigorous "Waring Blender Test" was used. The procedure of this test was as follows:

A graduated cylinder is rinsed with distilled water and 100 ml of aqueous solution is added down the walls of the cylinder so as to cause no foam. The blender is turned on at high speed for exactly 5 seconds, and upon turning the blades off, timing is started with a stop watch and at the same time the foam height from the 100 ml is read and noted.

The foam half-life is defined and noted as the time it takes for the liquid to drain out of the foam and reach the 50 ml mark.

The test results were as follows:

The test results show that the quaternary ammonium co-polymers are non-foaming in distilled water, and in hard water.