High Energy Arc Ignitor for Burner

When burning heavy oil, such as bunker C or crude, which is difficult to ignite, an ignitor burner is generally used today which uses natural gas or No. 2 oil as the ignitor fuel. The increasing cost and decreasing availability of natural gas and No. 2 fuel oil has recently become a subject of growing concern. Thus it is desirable to reliably light off the heavy oil directly by means of a high energy spark ignitor, eliminating the need for natural gas or No. 2 fuel oil ignitors.

Even when an ignitor burner is used for lighting heavy oil main burners, it is important that the main burner fuel be ignited every time, with a stable main flame being established.

The main burner of the invention uses hard to ignite heavy oil as its fuel. This oil is discharged from the oil gun tip in the shape of a hollow cone. A transverse baffle is located around the oil gun at a position closely adjacent to the oil gun tip. Air is introduced in an envelope surrounding the oil gun. The baffle causes eddies of air to break through the conical curtain of fuel, setting up a recirculation zone back to a point directly in front on the oil gun tip. The ignition means, whether it be a high energy spark ignitor or an ignitor burner, is positioned within the cone of fuel, along the inner edge of the recirculation zone, so that the initial flame is carried back to the oil gun tip.

FIG. 1 is a partial sectional side view of a main oil gun and its associated ignition means; and

FIG. 2 is a view taken on lines 2--2 of FIG. 1.

Looking now to FIG. 1, an oil gun housing 10 extends through the wall 12 of a furnace 14. The main burner oil gun 16 extends through a guide pipe 18, which is supported within the housing 10.

Oil is supplied to the gun through port 22. Air to support combustion is supplied to the housing 10 through dampered duct 24. The oil is discharged from the oil gun tip through a plurality of openings 25, the fuel forming a hollow conical shaped curtain shown as dashed lines 27 in FIG. 1. The cone should have an included angle within the range of 60.degree.- 90.degree.. Most of the combustion air flowing through the housing 10 enters the furnace 14 as a straight flow, shown by solid lines 28. Positioned closely adjacent to the oil gun tip and secured thereto is a transverse baffle member or diffuser 26. This baffle 26 creates turbulence in the air stream flowing thereover, causing air eddies on the downstream side thereof. Some of these air eddy currents are strong enough to break through the conical curtain of fuel oil, forming a recirculation zone 29 extending back to a point X closely adjacent to and directly in front of the burner tip.

This recirculation zone is quite stable, because the center of the fuel cone is a fairly quiescent, low pressure area, not disturbed by the majority of the air and fuel flow.

It is along the inner edge of the recirculation zone 29 that the ignition means, shown in FIG. 1 as a high energy spark ignitor 30, is located. The recirculation zone 29 contains very fine droplets of fuel oil which break away from the conical curtain 27 as the eddy currents of air break through it. Since the air eddies are not of too high a velocity, only very small, fine droplets of oil are carried along with the air to the recirculation zone. This adds to ignition reliability since the smaller the fuel particle size, the easier it is ignited. Thus the initial flame that is established along the inner edge 29 of the recirculation zone is carried back to a point X closely adjacent to and directly in front of the oil gun tip. This flame heats up the atomized oil issuing from openings 25 until flame exists at this point. A small amount of combustion air is admitted near the tip of the oil gun through small openings 32 in the diffuser 26, and also through the annular space 34 between the oil gun tip and the inner surface of the diffuser (FIG. 2). The amount of air introduced through these openings must be kept small enough so that it does not prevent the recirculation zone 29 from being established.

From the above, it can be seen that the initial flame established is carried back towards the point at which the fuel is being discharged. Also, this initial flame is created in the most quiescent area possible, not being disturbed by either the majority of the air or the fuel flow, thus contributing to good flame stability, and reliability of ignition each time the unit is started up. Although the invention has been shown as using a high energy spark ignitor, it would also prove of value if an ignitor burner were located in the position 29 shown in FIG. 1. In either event, there is great reliability that the main burner fuel will be ignited on the initial try. The invention works equally well on steam atomized or mechanical atomizer oil burners. Because of the intense heat within the furnace 14 when it is in operation, the high energy arc ignitor 30 is retractable. In other words, once the oil gun is ignited and a flame exists, the ignitor 30 is retracted to a position outside of the furnace 14 in any well-known manner.