US 4,007,012 AGrant
Fecal Examination Device
Issue Date:1977-02-08
•7 Claims
•1 Drawing Sheets
Abstract
A fecal examining device comprising a closure member in the form of a tray adapted to be fitted upon the open lower end of a solution-receiving receptacle or cylinder, said closure member or tray including a central, open-top cup that extends into the cylinder for a short, predetermined distance. A cap is provided for closing the open top of the cup or well when the tray is not attached to the cylinder. A perforated piston is provided for manual movement within the cylinder to thereby separate ova from the fecal material in solution.
Metadata
Inventor
- Robert J. Greenwald
Application Information
Application Number:US 6017231
Filing Date:1975-08-04
Priority Date:1971-06-07
Art Unit:177
Classifications
IPC:
B01L 300
Field of Search:
19520923220229731502102061392.3;5;17;173;273;268;250;237;315;162;163;172;269230 B;292;2594 R;4 A;5 R;42 A;42 B;42 C;69;81.5 C425;425.2;425.4 R.5359;DIG. 14;515-518;83216;223;229
Patent Drawings (1 sheets)
Description
References to Related Applications
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 455,017 filed Mar. 26, 1974, now abandoned. Ser. No. 455,017 is a continuation-in-part of my copending applications Ser. No. 150,357 filed June 7, 1971 and Ser. No. 255,857 filed May 22, 1972, whose entire disclosures are incorporated herein by reference. Ser. No. 255,857 is now U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,045 of June 25, 1974; it is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 150,357 (now abandoned).
Background of the Invention
The present invention relates to means for examining and analyzing fecal matter and has for its object to provide a device which will simplify and render effective the securement of, separation of, the feces from the ova or eggs of parasites such as might be contained within the fecal matter.
At the present time, the examination of fecal matter is had by a patient being given a disposable container which he returns containing a specimen, to a physician or laboratory. A measured amount of the fecal matter is then placed in another container and is thoroughly mixed into a solution with a specific gravity greater than water to thereby float the ova from the broken up specimen.
The strained solution is then filtered through a strainer into another container. The strained solution is then poured into still another container to the point of overfilling; namely, a convex meniscus. A slide is then placed on the meniscus and is allowed to stand for at least ten minutes and it is then removed with some of the solution adhering to it. A cover slip is then placed on the slide and it is examined under a microscope.
With the device of the present invention, a number of the steps customarily pursued, are eliminated and the procedure involved is simplified. The patient is given a disposable fecal unit which will hold only the desired amount of the fecal matter. The bottom of the unit which constitutes a tray or holder for the fecal matter is placed on the lower end of a cylinder and solution is poured into the cylinder. The cylinder can be, if and when necessary, provided with a removable closure cap at the top.
The cylinder is half filled with flotation solution and mixed thoroughly with the feces. The foraminous-bottom piston or strainer is placed within the cylinder and is pushed downwardly to a variable point below the fluid level. The cylinder is then filled to a point of meniscus, and a slide is placed on the meniscus to be later removed with solution adhering to it. A coverslip is placed on the slide and the slide examined under the microscope.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing in which an illustrative embodiment of the invention is shown and in which:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectonal view through a fecal examining device constructed in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the combined fecal holder or tray that forms the bottom closure for the cylinder;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the tray or holder of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view through the strainer piston;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the strainer piston, with the stem or rod thereon being shown in section;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the tray or holder showing a closure cap fitted over the normally open top of the cup on the tray; and,
FIG. 7 is a face view of the detached paddle or scoop.
FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the closure cap.
The device as shown, consists of four main elements; namely, a mixing chamber or container in the form of a cylinder or tube 1; a bottom closure member or tray 4 constituting a carrier for the fecal matter; a piston-like strainer 3, and a closure cap 19 for the top of the tray 4.
The body of the device, consisting of the cylinder 1, may be made of any suitable material and is preferably of a transparent nature to permit the mixing operation to be observed. The cylinder 1 is open at its opposite ends and if and when desired the upper end can be closed by means of a conventional snap-on type of closure cap 2.
The lower end of the cylinder 1 is adapted to be closed during the use of the device by means of a tray-like closure member or fecal holder 4 shown in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3. Said tray or holder includes an outer peripheral wall or flange 8 and disposed within, and located concentrically of the wall or flange 8, is an inner and higher annular wall 5 that cooperates with a bottom wall or floor 7 in forming an open-top well 6.
Extending laterally from the side wall 19a of a closure cap 19 for the tray or holder 4 is a frangible neck 9 (FIG. 6), which connects to a removable paddle or scoop 10a provided with a handle portion 10 and head 11. The paddle or scoop 10a can be separated when needed from the cover or closure cap 19 by fracture of the neck 9.
The tray or holder 4 can be applied to the end of the cylinder 1 with a tight or force fit provided with any type detent means if necessary to engage with the inner wall surface of the cylinder 1 near the lower end thereof. After the tray 4 containing the fecal matter is fitted in place on the end of the cylinder, the wall 5 will very closely fit within the cylinder and will extend upwardly therein for a short distance and it will frictionally engage against the inner surface of the cylinder wall so that a positive prevention of leakage will be effected. The finger piece 13 is for the removal of the bottom tray from closure 19.
The piston-like strainer generally indicated at 3, has a cup-shaped body provided with a circumferential wall 16 and a perforated or foraminous bottom wall 17 having thus a plurality of holes 18. Located centrally of the body of the strainer is a vertical or upstanding stem or rod 15 by means of which the strainer can be manipulated.
The tray or holder 4 of the device may be made of disposable material and when filled and capped by the closure cap 19 and returned by the patient, it is placed on the bottom of the cylinder 1 as shown in FIG. 1, with the open top of the wall 6 facing upwardly within the cylinder.
The closure cap 19 has its circumferential wall 19a arranged to fit over the wall 8 so that when the closure cap is in place it fits over the entire top of the tray 4, thus closing the wall 6, as well as the space between the walls 5 and 8.
The tray or holder 4 which then constitutes the closure member for the lower end of the cylinder during the separation of the feces is thus the carrier for the fecal matter. When the well 6 is filled with the fecal matter by the patient, the top of the well is covered or closed by the closure cap 19. The closure cap 19 can be a snap-on type.
The tray or holder 4 has an area which extends laterally beyond the cylinder when fitted thereon and the tray is thus made of a sufficient diameter to enable it to act as a supporting base for the cylinder, preventing it from tipping over. It also serves to collect any of the solution that might drip off when the slide is placed in position. The paddle or scoop 11, being connected to closure cap 19 by a frangible neck 9, can be torn off and be used to transfer feces to the container.
The strainer 3 acts as a piston and snugly but slidably fits within the cylinder and can be pushed down into the cylinder to the required extent and below the level of the fecal matter mixture by means of the attached rod 15. The eggs in such mixture have a specific gravity less than that of the solution and thus will continually strain upwardly toward the slide. The number and size of the holes 18 can be varied, the purpose of the strainer 3 being to keep fecal material from floating upwardly with the eggs.
When the solution is placed in the cylinder the feces is broken up and the strainer is placed in the solution. Solution is added until it forms a meniscus at the point of overfilling. A slide is then placed on the cylinder in contact with the solution and after ten minutes the slide will be ready to read.
It is to be noted that the cylinder 1 need not be separated from the tray during the testing procedure, but is easily removable for cleaning if not composed of readily disposable material.
Floatation or levitation of parasite ova or eggs can be accomplished by various substances. Solutions of sodium nitrate or sucrose, or magnesium sulfate, or zinc sulfate, or sodium chloride can be used. Each of these has its own merits and what might be used is a matter of personal preferemce. The main purpose of the solute is to raise the specific gravity to, say, approximately 1.18, so that the ova will float to the top.
The structure of the present invention is such that the parts thereof may be readily disposable and there is a minimal handling of obnoxious material. Continuous straining or filtration during the floatation period occurs as ova seeks to reach the surface by passing through the strainer. The tray 4, fitted on the end of the cylinder adds stability to the device and is arranged to catch any overflow of the fecal matter. The closure cap 19 for the tray can receive the name of the patient to thus identify the specimen. These and other advantages will be apparent to those skilled in this art.
The device is particularly suitable for use in veterinary work as in analyzing the feces of dogs or cats for the presence of ova, larvae, and parasites, such as the cysts of certain protozoans. It is also suitable for use in analyzing human feces.
In a preferred form, the device is made entirely of plastic material. For instance the tray 4 and closure cap 19 may be of tough high polymer, e.g. a thermoplastic polymer such as polyethylene, and may be produced by injection molding. Either the tray 4 or the closure cap 19 may carry thereon indicia giving directions for the use of the device to the dog owner. Thus, in one preferred form printed directions, as follows, are molded (as at 21, FIG. 8) into the outwardly facing surface of cap 19: "Directions Place B.M. in Small Center Receptacle"; also molded into the same surface of cap 19 is the word "Name" next to which there is an unmarked area (as at 22) preferably having a relatively rough or microscopically pitted surface adapted to receive and hold ink, so that the name of the dog and/or owner can be written thereon, using a marking pen, before the assemblage of tray 4 and closure cap 19 is sent to the laboratory for analysis. The other surfaces of the tray and cap preferably have the usual relatively smooth finish imparted by contact with the polished metal mold during the molding operation.
In a preferred form of the device the tube or cylinder 1 is also of a tough high polymer, e.g. a thermoplastic polymer such as stereoregular polypropylene. While the latter material is often somewhat cloudly in appearance it is transparent enough for the analyst to see through it to observe the liquid level. The tight press fit between the tube 1 and the outer face of the annular wall 5 is facilitated by the fact that these elements are made of materials which differ in rigidity or hardness so that one element (e.g. the softer polyethylene) yields to conform to the other; to this and the internal diameter of the bottom of the tube is made slightly less than the external diameter of the wall 5, the dimensions being such that the force fit can be effected by hand pressure.
The whole device is so constructed and of such size that the various parts may be easily manipulated by hand and may be produced at low cost; thus, they are economical to use despite the fact that they are thrown away after a single use.
The well 6 preferably has an interior volume in the range of about one half to 5 cc, more preferably about 2 cc. Its internal diameter is preferably about 0.5 to 5 cm, more preferably about 1 to 2 cm (e.g. 1.5 cm). The ratio of the interior volume of the cylinder 1 to the interior volume of the well 6 is preferably at least about 2:1, more preferably above 3:1, e.g. above 5:1 or 7:1 such as about 10:1. These ratios are such as to provide for adequate fluidity of the mixture of feces and diluent. Thus when the cylinder is partially filled (e.g. half filled) with diluent after being fitted to the well and the feces are then stirred and broken up in the diluent (as by means of a suitable thin rod) the mixture of feces and diluent will be neither too thick nor too thin for analysis according to the invention. The high ratios obviously permit greater dilution of the feces which is desirable in that the specific gravity of the diluent is not affected as much by the varying water contents of the individual feces samples and flotation of ova is thereby improved. For practical purposes higher ratios above about 10:1 or 20:1 do not provide sufficient additional benefit and may make the device unnecessarily bulky; thus it is preferred that the ratio be well below about 100:1.
The head portion 11 of paddle 10a is of a size adapted to carry the amount of feces which can fit into the well 6. Its width is a substantial fraction (e.g. more than one fifth) of the diameter of the well 6, but is preferably not greater than the diameter of the well 6 so that it will pick up a mass of fecal material narrow enough to be transferred into the well without smearing the outer walls of the well. It is flat and serves as a spatula, thus permitting the user to employ it to pat down the fecal mass flat into the well and avoid having a projecting mound of feces extending above the top of the well.
The strainer 3 is preferably likewise made of plastic material like that of the other parts, e.g. tough but flexible polyethylene. Its circumferential wall, or skirt, 17 functions to stabilize the strainer in its downward passage and reduce tilting thereof thus reducing any tendency for fecal material to become wedged between the outer wall of the strainer and the inner wall of the tube. It is also within the broader scope of the invention for the skirt to have a thin outwardly extending integral circumferential fin to aid in sweeping downward any such fecal material that may be situated along the inner wall of the tube; also the strainer may comprise a pair of parallel horizontal apertured strainer plates mounted, say about 1 to 2 cm apart on a central vertical manipulating rod, both such plates conforming to the size and shape of the inner wall of the tube and both preferably being integrally molded with the rod, without any skirt.
The holes 18 preferably have diameters well above 0.5 mm and well below 1.5 mm. Particularly suitable are holes having diameters of about 1 mm. By experimentation I have found that holes of such size are large enough not be be clogged by fecal debris, such as the mucous and slime that are present in some dog feces, and at the same time are not large enough to permit the passage, by flotation through the holes, of such an amount of fecal matter as to significantly interfere with the microscopic examination. Preferably the holes are closely spaced and substantially the entire face of the bottom wall is perforated, as is indicated in FIG. 5 of the drawing.
The rod portion 15 of strainer 3 is preferably appreciable shorter than the height of the cylinder. Thus, when the strainer is placed in the cylinder it can be pushed down to force the suspended fecal matter toward the bottom of the cylinder (allowing parasite eggs, in the diluent, to pass through the holes in the strainer) until the top of the rod portion 15 is below the top of the cylinder. In this position the top of the rod portion will not interfere with the meniscus or with the slide which is placed on top of the cylinder. The top of the cylinder like its bottom, is preferably at a right angle to the axis of the cylinder (as shown in the drawing) so that the slide placed thereon will be substantially level. It will be understood that the diameter of the top of the cylinder may be made larger than that of the bottom. Thus it is advantageous to make the cylinder very slightly larger at the top, e.g. for ease of molding.
As mentioned previously the tray or holder 4 is of such outer dimensions as to form a stable supporting base for the cylinder, even when a microscope slide is placed on top of the latter. In one typical embodiment this base is about 4 cm across while the cylinder is about 5 (e.g. 5.5) cm high and about 2 to 3 cm in external diameter.
Methods for fecal analysis without the use of a filtering element are known in the art, e.g. the "Willis technique". While less desirable, it is within the broader scope of the invention to employ the device and process of the invention without a filter. The microscope slide (which may be the cover glass portion thereof) becomes rather dirty of course but the ova can be detected thereon if numerous enough. When no filter is employed the other steps of the new process are otherwise substantially the same as described herein; the use of the novel combination of feces collection cup and attachable tube will still make things much easier and neater for both the sample collector and the analyst.
It is understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The "Abstract" given above is merely for the convenience of technical searchers and is not to be given any weight with respect to the scope of the invention.
Claims
I claim:
1. A fecal sample container for collecting and transporting a sample of feces and for serving as a base, for an open-ended tube subsequently fitted thereto, during the analysis of said sample by a method in which the sample of feces is mixed with flotation liquid in a receptacle formed by said tube and said base and ova in said sample are caused to rise upward through said liquid in said receptacle, said container consisting of two unitary bodies, both of molded plastic, one of which is a unitary cup body including an empty open-top cup adapted to receive and transport the sample of feces to be examined, said cup being adapted to be slid into and received in an open lower end of said tube to form said receptacle by closing the lower end of said tube with a liquid-tight press fit with the outer walls of said cup in close contact with the inner walls of said tube, said cup having an interior volume of about one half to 5 cc for receiving and retaining a corresponding volume of feces and a width of about 1 to 2 cm and said cup having an integral extension in the form of a flat-bottomed tray having an upstanding outer rim, said tray being constructed and arranged to serve as a supporting base for said tube when the latter is fitted to said cup and said rim being constructed and arranged to retain liquid overflowing from said tube, the top of said rim being below the top of said cup, the other of said unitary bodies being a closure cap for fitment over the open top of the cup, said closure cap engaging and spanning said spaced portions and extending over the top of said cup to confine fecal matter therein during the transport of said sample prior to the fitting of said receptacle on said cup, said closure cap having a downwardly extending circumferential wall surrounding said rim and having means for engaging said rim with a snap fit to hold said cap on said body with said cap fitting over the entire top of said tray, closing said cup and covering the space between said well and said rim, said cup body having an extension outwardly of said rim serving as a finger piece for use in separating said cup body and said closure cap prior to the fitting of said receptacle on said cup, one of said unitary bodies having integral therewih a feces sample-collecting paddle whose width is at least one fifth of, but less than, the inner diameter of said cup, said paddle being connected to said cup or closure cap by a narrower readily frangible zone and thereby being easily removed for use in collecting said sample.
2. A device as in claim 1 accompanied by directions advising the user to place the feces in the cup.
3. A device as in claim 1 in which either said cup or closure cap, or both, has molded thereon directions advising the user to place the feces in said cup.
4. A device as in claim 1 in which either said cup or closure cap, or both, has an outer surface portion with a relatively rough surface adapted to receive and hold ink whereby a name can be written on said portion to identify the sample of feces.
5. A device as in claim 1 in which said tray, serving as said base, has a diameter of about 4 cm.
6. A device as in claim 5, in which both said cup and said closure cap are of injection-molded polyethylene and in which either said cup or said cap, or both, has molded thereon directions advising the user to place the feces in said cup.
7. A device as in claim 6 in which said cup has a flat underface extending across and over the walls of said cup.
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