Water-Soluble Quaternary Ammonium Heterocyclic Azo Dyestuffs

A. To a solution of 30.8 parts of N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride in 130 parts of water at 0.degree.C., there was added with stirring, 30 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The amine was then diazotized at a temperature between 0.degree.-5.degree.C. by adding 7.0 parts of solid sodium nitrite in small portions. The reaction mixture was stirred at less then 5.degree.C. for ten minutes. The excess nitrite was then removed by the addition of an aqueous solution of sulfamic acid until nitrite ion could no longer be detected by testing with starch-iodide paper, and the mixture was made slightly alkaline to Congo red test paper by the addition of 20.0 parts of sodium acetate.

In a separate container, 13.4 parts of N,N'-diacetoacet-p-phenylenediamine, was mixed with sufficient 2-ethoxy ethanol to form a paste. The paste was slurried in 300 parts of water at 70.degree.C. and to the slurry there was added with stirring 6.0 parts of a 50 percent aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. A solution resulted which was then added in a thin stream to the cold diazonium solution. The reaction mixture was stirred for four hours at 20.degree.C. and then the resulting clear yellow solution was evaporated to dryness to obtain chiefly a highly water-soluble yellow dyestuff having the formula ##SPC19##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.10 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 399 millimicrons, A = 1.275.

In the bleach test described below, paper dyed with this dyestuff was found to be highly bleachable. The dye was found to bleed slightly in the water-bleed test and in the soap bleed test when tested in accord with the procedures described below.

B. A mixture of 6.0 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 250 parts of water and 35 parts of the above product from A was heated at reflux for three hours. The mixture was cooled to 25.degree.C. and the pH adjusted to 7.0 with aqueous alkali. Thus there was obtained in the form of an aqueous solution a yellow, highly water-soluble dyestuff of the formula ##SPC20##

An aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.06 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 393.5 millimicrons, A = 1.01.

The bleachability properties of this dye were found to be essentially the same as for the formyl-substituted dyestuff of A. However, compared to said formyl-substituted dyestuff, this dyestuff exhibited significantly superior resistance to bleed in both the water bleed and the soap bleed tests.

The following test procedures were employed to determine the resistance of the dyestuffs to bleed in moist paper, bleed from paper in the presence of soap, and to bleaching with hypochlorite bleach.

This procedure is a modification of the AATCC Standard Test Method 15-1962, "Colorfastness to Perspiration".

Test pieces 1-1/8 inch in diameter (approximately one square inch area) are cut from the dyed paper to be tested and marked, with lead pencil, to indicate sample and wire (or felt) side. One or more dyed papers of known dye migration quality are included in the test series as standards.

The absorbent material consists of filter paper having at least one side with smooth finish (Eaton-Dikeman No. 613, or equivalent) cut to 2 inch by 3 inch rectangles. In addition, smooth, flat, glass or clear plastic plates of adequate stiffness, measuring 2-1/2 inches wide and 3 to 4-1/2 inches long, are required as separating plates. A 500 gram weight serves as a dead weight loading.

Two filter paper absorbent pieces are used for each dyed paper test circle, one for each side. These are marked on the smoother surface (with lead pencil) prior to beginning the test to indicate the sample and the sample surface (wire or felt) which it will contact.

The migration test "sandwich" is constructed as follows. A separating plate is placed on a horizontal support and one piece of the filter paper placed centrally on this place with the smoother side up. The circular dyed paper test piece, held by tweezers, is immersed in water at room temperature for 3 seconds, drained for 3 seconds, and immediately centered on the filter paper, making sure that side (wire or felt) identifications are correct. Immediately, the second piece of filter paper, smoother side downward, is centered on the test circle and followed at once by another separating plate. This sandwich is pressed for a moment with the fingers, after which, without delay, a piece of filter paper is positioned on the top separating plate as before to receive a second test circle of wetted dyed paper. The above procedure is then repeated as rapidly as possible and without interruption, stacking one sandwich on the other, until all dyed paper test pieces have been put under test.

As soon as a stack is completed a 500 gram weight is centered on the top separating plate, and the assembly shrouded with moisture vapor resistant film to avoid undue drying. The stack is allowed to stand at room temperature for 4 hours, during which time ambient temperatures are occasionally recorded.

At the end of the migration period the stack is disassembled, and each dyed paper test circle and its two filter paper absorbents clipped to a supporting card. A separate card is used for each test circle. The dyed paper test circles and filter papers are air dried at room temperature for at least two hours before ranking. Relative degrees of dye migration, as compared to that from standard samples, are determined by visual ratings, under Macbeth Northlight, of the intensity of dye stain on the filter paper surface which had been in contact with the test circle. Migration from the wire and felt sides are ranked separately.

This test compares the degree to which dyed papers will discolor a soap solution in which the paper is immersed.

A stock supply of soap solution containing 0.5% soap by weight is prepared by adding neutral white soap flakes (a mixture of 80 percent sodium soap and 20 percent potassium soap produced from 70 percent tallow and 30 percent coconut oil glyceride blend; "Ivory" brand, Proctor and Gamble Co.) slowly with stirring to hot tap water and then heated further with occasional stirring to 70.degree.-75.degree.C.

Portions of 400 ml. of this solution are measured into 1,000 ml. beakers (one beaker for each test), covered with a watch glass, and allowed to cool to 60.degree.-65.degree.C. At this point approximately 1.5 grams of the dyed paper (one half of a 3.0 gram, 8 inch square handsheet) is crumpled and immersed in its soap test solution.

Soaking is allowed to continue for 20 to 24 hours, with gradual cooling to room temperature. During this period the paper is squeezed by hand while submerged (or stirred vigorously with a glass rod) on at least three occasions during the first five hours, and again about one hour before ending the test period.

At the end of the immersion period the beaker contents are stirred and enough immediately screened through a double screen of 100 mesh stainless steel screening to nearly fill a two ounce, square clear glass bottle, which is then capped. These filtrates are then visually rated for color intensity under laboratory ceiling fluorescent tube lights.

This procedure compares the degree to which the color of dyed or shaded papers would be discharged in a waste paper recovery operation employing hypochlorite bleach.

Test pieces measuring 3/4 inch by 1-1/2 inch are die cut from the papers to be compared and identified, using lead pencil markings.

A stock supply of hypochlorite bleach is prepared by diluting commercial hypochlorite bleach (nominal available chlorine content, 5.0%) with distilled water to a concentration of 0.09 grams available chlorine per 100 ml. solution. Before diluting this solution to final volume the pH is adjusted with dilute sulfuric acid to pH 4.0 to 4.5.

Portions of 20 ml. each of the hypochlorite stock solution, at room temperature, are measured into test tubes 1 inch in diameter and 7 to 8 inches long, one tube for each test specimen. An extra such tube is prepared, fitted with a thermometer extending into the bleach solution, to follow the rise in bleach temperature.

One paper test piece is then dropped into each tube and submerged in the bleach liquor, adding all pieces as quickly as possible. The tubes are immediately stoppered and all simultaneously placed in a water bath previously heated to 54.degree. to 56.degree.C. (129.degree. to 133.degree.F.).

The test pieces are observed, especially during the very early minutes of bleaching, for obvious differences in the rate of color discharge. The temperature of the bleach liquors rises rapidly during the first 5 minutes.

While maintaining the water bath temperature in the 54.degree. to 56.degree.C. range, the bleach tubes remain, without agitation of the test pieces, in the water bath for 30 minutes. Occasional readings of the temperature of the blank bleach tube during this period are recorded.

At the end of this time all tubes are removed from the water bath, immediately filled with cold tap water, and the test pieces rinsed as quickly as possible, with cold tap water, into a large Buchner funnel (with no filter paper disk) where they are thoroughly washed with running cold tap water. The washed test pieces are finally placed on a blotter and air dried at room temperature.

The relative degree of bleaching is judged by visually ranking, under Macbeth Northlight, the intensity of residual color in the dry test pieces.

Following the procedure described above in Example 1, 16.7 parts of N-methyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-bis(3-formamidopropyl)ammonium chloride in a solution of 135 parts of water and 19 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid was diazotized with 3.5 parts of sodium nitrite at 0.degree.C. In a separate container, 9.1 parts of4,4'-bi-o-acetoacetotoluidide (Naphthol AS-G) was mixed with sufficient 2-ethoxyethanol to form a paste. The paste was slurried in 150 parts of water at 70.degree.C. and to the slurry there was added with stirring 6 parts of a 50 per cent aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. A solution resulted which was then added in a thin stream to the cold diazonium solution. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 30.degree.C. and was then stirred for one hour which it was heated at 60.degree.C. for one hour. The reaction mixture, now a solution, was used directly for hydrolysis which was accomplished by the addition of 11.9 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid followed by heating at reflux for three hours. The reaction mixture was then cooled and neutralized with 50 per cent aqueous sodium hydroxide. There was thus obtained an aqueous solution of a bright yellow, water-soluble dyestuff having the formula ##SPC21##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff containing 0.375 g. of dye per liter of solution had a maximum at 390 millimicrons, A = 1.236.

Paper dyed with this dyestuff in the bleach test hereinbefore described, was found to be readily bleachable. The dye was found to bleed slightly in the soap bleed and to about the same extent in the water bleed test.

A solution of 7.5 parts of N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride in 40 parts of water containing 10 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid was heated at reflux for two hours. To the solution which was chilled in an ice bath, there was then added an additional 1.2 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid followed by the gradual addition of 1.75 parts of sodium nitrite. After stirring for ten minutes, excess nitrite was removed by the addition of an aqueous solution of sulfamic acid, and the solution was made neutral to Congo Red by the addition of sodium acetate. In a separate container there was prepared a coupler solution consisting of 6.4 parts of 2'-chloro-4'-nitroacetoacetanilide dissolved in a mixture of 6.3 parts of isopropyl alcohol, 0.8 parts of sodium hydroxide and 81 parts of hot water. The coupler solution was added in a thin stream to the cold, stirred diazonium solution. Stirring was continued for two hours while allowing the mixture to warm to 25.degree.C. The mixture was then heated at 50.degree.C. for thirty minutes and then stirred for fifteen hours at 25.degree.C. The pH was adjusted to 6.0 by the addition of 50 per cent aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and the reaction mixture then poured into 785 parts of stirred isopropyl alcohol. After stirring the mixture for two hours, the separated yellow solid was collected, washed with fresh isopropyl alcohol, and dried in vacuo to obtain the yellow, water-soluble dyestuff of the formula ##SPC22##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.02 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 400 millimicrons, A = 0.975.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, for diazotizing N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-carbamyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there was obtained the orange-red dyestuff having the formula ##SPC23##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.03 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 450 millimicrons, A = 1.05.

Hydrolysis of the formamido moiety in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 1, part B, yields the corresponding --NH.sub.2 substituted compound.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, for diazotizing N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there was obtained the orange dyestuff having the formula ##SPC24##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.03 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 412 millimicrons, A = 1.223.

Hydrolysis of the formamido moiety in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 1, part B, yielded the corresponding --NH.sub.2 substituted compound, an orange, water-soluble dyestuff. An aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.03 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 414 millimicrons, A = 1.097.

When a procedure similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, is followed for diazotization of N-methyl-N-2-(N-n-propyl-4-aminophenylcarbamyl)-2-n-propylethyl-N-2-acetam idoethyl-N-3-acetamidopropylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(2-ethoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC25##

Hydrolysis of the two acetamido moieties in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 1, part B, yields the corresponding di(--NH.sub.2) substituted compound.

When a procedure similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, is followed for diazotization of N-(4-amino-N-methyl-2-chlorophenylcarbamyl)methyl-N-3-n-valeramidopropylpy rrolidinium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(4-amino-phenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC26##

Hydrolysis of the valeramido moiety in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 1, part B, yields the corresponding --NH.sub.2 substituted compound.

When a procedure similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, is followed for diazotization of N-methyl-N-isopropyl-N-2-ethyl-4-(3-chloro-4-aminophenyl)butyl-N-3-salicyl amidopropylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(4-carbethoxyphenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC27##

Hydrolysis of the salicylamido moiety in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 25, part B, yields the corresponding --NH.sub.2 substituted compound.

When a procedure similar to that described above in Example 1, part B, is followed for diazotization of N,N-dimethyl-N-3-(4-aminophenyl)propyl-N-6-iso-butyramidohexylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-carbethoxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC28##

Hydrolysis of the iso-butyramido moiety in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 1, part B, yields the corresponding --NH.sub.2 substituted compound.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, for diazotizing N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(p-carbamylphenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there was obtained the orange dyestuff having the formula ##SPC29##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.03 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 412 millimicrons, A = 0.986.

This dye was found to have a moderate tendency to bleed each in the water bleed and the soap bleed test.

Hydrolysis of the formamido moiety in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 1, part B, yields the corresponding --NH.sub.2 substituted compound.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, for diazotizing N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(p-sulfamylphenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there was obtained the yellow dyestuff having the formula ##SPC30##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.03 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 415 millimicrons, A = 1.12.

Hydrolysis of the formamido moiety in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 1, part B, yields the corresponding --NH.sub.2 substituted compound.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 2, N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride was diazotized and coupled with 3-methyl-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, and the product hydrolyzed to obtain the orange, water-soluble dyestuff having the formula ##SPC31##

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, for diazotizing N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride and coupling with 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline, there were obtained the yellow, water-soluble dyestuff having the formula ##SPC32##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.03 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 442 millimicrons, A = 1.28.

Hydrolysis of the formamido moiety in the above-shown product according to the procedure described in Example 1, part B, yields the corresponding --NH.sub.2 substituted compound.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 2, N-methyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-bis(3-formamidopropyl)ammonium chloride was diazotized and coupled with 3-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, and the product hydrolyzed to obtain the yellow, water-soluble dyestuff having the formula ##SPC33##

An aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.5 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 415 millimicrons, A = 1.21.

When a procedure similar to that described in Example 3, is followed for diazotization of N-methyl-N-tert.-butyl-N-methallyl-N-3-amino-4-methoxybenzylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(2,4-diiodophenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC34##

When a procedure similar to that described in Example 3, is followed for diazotization of N-methyl-N-isobutyl-N-3-hydroxybutyl-N-4-aminobenzylammonium iodide and coupling with 3-butoxy-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC35##

When a procedure similar to that described in Example 3, is followed for diazotization of N,N-di-n-butyl-N-2-hydroxypropyl-N-2-(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)ethylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-n-hexyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC36##

When a procedure similar to that described in Example 3, is followed for diazotization of N-n-propyl-N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-3-hydroxypropyl-N-4-(4-aminophenyl)butyl ammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(4-propoxyphenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC37##

When a procedure similar to that described in Example 3, is followed for diazotization of N,N-diethyl-N-allyl-N-1-methyl-3-(4-amino-3-bromophenyl)propylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(3-bromophenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC38##

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride was diazotized and coupled with 3-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one to obtain the orange water-soluble dyestuff having the formula ##SPC39##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.02 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 413.5 millimicrons, A = 0.780.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 3, N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-formamidopropylammonium chloride was hydrolyzed and the resulting N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-3-aminopropylammonium chloride was diazotized and coupled with 3-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one to obtain the orange, water-soluble dyestuff having the formula ##SPC40##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.024 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 414 millimicrons, A = 0.996.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 3,N-[3(p-aminophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-1-propyl]-N,N-bis(3-formamidopropyl)-N-me thylammonium chloride was hydrolyzed and the resulting N-[3(p-aminophenoxy)-2-hydroxy-1-propyl]-N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-N-methylam monium chloride was diazotized and coupled with 3-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one to obtain the red-yellow, water-soluble dyestuff having the formula ##SPC41##

An aqueous solution of the dyestuff, containing 0.1 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 418 millimicrons, A = 1.82.

Proceeding in a manner similar to that described above in Example 3, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-(N'-ethylanilino)ethyl-N-3-formamido-propylammonium chloride was hydrolyzed and the resulting N,N-dimethyl-N-2-(N'-ethylanilino)ethyl-N-3-aminopropylammonium chloride was coupled with diazotized 2,5-bis(p-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole to obtain the orange water-soluble dyestuff having the formula ##SPC42##

The visible absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of this dyestuff, containing 0.2 g. of dye per liter of solution, showed a maximum at 470 millimicrons, A = 1.16.

When a procedure similar to that described above in Example 1, part A, is followed for diazotization of N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenacyl)-N-3-aminopropylammonium chloride and coupling with 3-methyl-1-(p-tolyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, there is obtained the dyestuff having the formula ##SPC43##