SALTS OF AN FGFR INHIBITOR

[0001] The present invention relates to salt forms of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFR) inhibitor 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one, including methods of preparation thereof, where the compound is useful in the treatment of FGFR mediated diseases such as cancer.

[0002] This application contains a Sequence Listing that has been submitted electronically as an XML file named “20443-0542004_SL_ST26.xml.” The XML file, created on Oct. 22, 2025, is 1,907 bytes in size. The material in the XML file is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0003] The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFR) are receptor tyrosine kinases that bind to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligands. There are four FGFR proteins (FGFR1-4) that are capable of binding ligands and are involved in the regulation of many physiological processes including tissue development, angiogenesis, wound healing, and metabolic regulation. Upon ligand binding, the receptors undergo dimerization and phosphorylation leading to stimulation of the protein kinase activity and recruitment of many intracellular docking proteins. These interactions facilitate the activation of an array of intracellular signaling pathways including Ras-MAPK, AKT-PI3K, and phospholipase C that are important for cellular growth, proliferation and survival (Reviewed in Eswarakumar et al. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 2005).

[0004] Aberrant activation of this pathway either through overexpression of FGF ligands or FGFR or activating mutations in the FGFRs can lead to tumor development, progression, and resistance to conventional cancer therapies. In human cancer, genetic alterations including gene amplification, chromosomal translocations and somatic mutations that lead to ligand-independent receptor activation have been described. Large scale DNA sequencing of thousands of tumor samples has revealed that components of the FGFR pathway are among the most frequently mutated in human cancer. Many of these activating mutations are identical to germline mutations that lead to skeletal dysplasia syndromes. Mechanisms that lead to aberrant ligand-dependent signaling in human disease include overexpression of FGFs and changes in FGFR splicing that lead to receptors with more promiscuous ligand binding abilities (Reviewed in Knights and Cook Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2010; Turner and Grose, Nature Reviews Cancer, 2010). Therefore, development of inhibitors targeting FGFR may be useful in the clinical treatment of diseases that have elevated FGF or FGFR activity.

[0005] The cancer types in which FGF/FGFRs are implicated include, but are not limited to: carcinomas (e.g., bladder, breast, cervical, colorectal, endometrial, gastric, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, prostate); hematopoietic malignancies (e.g., multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, adult T cell leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and Waldenstrom's Macroglubulinemia); and other neoplasms (e.g., glioblastoma, melanoma, and rhabdosarcoma). In addition to a role in oncogenic neoplasms, FGFR activation has also been implicated in skeletal and chondrocyte disorders including, but not limited to, achrondroplasia and craniosynostosis syndromes. The FGFR4-FGF19 signaling axis, specifically, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (Heinzle et al., Cur. Pharm. Des. 2014, 20:2881). Ectopic expression of FGF19 in transgenic mice was shown to lead to tumor formation in the liver and a neutralizing antibody to FGF19 was found to inhibit tumor growth in mice. In addition, overexpression of FGFR4 has been observed in a multiple tumor types including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal, breast, pancreatic, prostate, lung, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, activating mutations in FGFR4 have been reported in rhabdomyosarcoma (Taylor et al. JCI 2009, 119:3395).

[0006] Inhibitors of FGFR are currently being developed for the treatment of cancer. For example, the molecule 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one and other small molecule inhibitors of FGFR are reported in e.g., US Publication Nos.: 2012/0165305; 2014/0045814; 2013-0338134; 2014/0171405; 2014/0315902; 2016/0115164; 2016/0244448; 2016/0244449; and 2016/0244450. Accordingly, there is a need for new salts of FGFR-inhibiting molecules for preparing pharmaceutically useful formulations and dosage forms with suitable properties related to, for example, facilitating the manufacture of safe, effective, and high quality drug products.

[0007] The present invention is directed to salts of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0008] The present invention is further directed to the D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0009] The present invention is further directed to the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0010] The present invention is further directed to the salicylic acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0011] The present invention is further directed to the hydrochloric acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0012] The present invention is further directed to the hydrobromic acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0013] The present invention is further directed to the fumaric acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0014] The present invention is further directed to the phosphoric acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0015] The present invention is further directed to the benzenesulfonic acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0016] The present invention is further directed to the ethanesulfonic acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0017] The present invention is further directed to the maleic acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0018] The present invention is further directed to the adipic acid salt of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one.

[0019] The present invention is further directed to crystalline forms of the salts described herein.

[0020] The present invention is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a salt or crystalline form described herein, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0021] The present invention is further directed to therapeutic methods of using the salts and crystalline forms described herein. The present disclosure also provides uses of the salts and crystalline forms described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy. The present disclosure also provides the salts and crystalline forms described herein for use in therapy.

[0022] The present invention is further directed to processes for preparing the salts and crystalline forms described herein.

[0064] The present invention is directed to, inter alia, salts of 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one (Compound 1), the structure of which is shown below.

Compound 1 is described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,611,267, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Also provided herein are hydrates and solvates of salts of Compound 1.

[0065] Compound 1 and its salts can be isolated as one or more solid forms. The solid forms (e.g., crystalline forms) described herein have many advantages, for example they have desirable properties, such as ease of handling, ease of processing, storage stability, and ease of purification. Moreover, the crystalline forms can be useful for improving the performance characteristics of a pharmaceutical product such as dissolution profile, shelf-life and bioavailability.

[0066] In some embodiments, the salt of Compound 1 is an acid salt of Compound 1. In some embodiments, the acid is selected from L-(+)-tartaric acid, D-(+)-tartaric acid, salicylic acid, fumaric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and phosphoric acid.

[0067] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a tartaric acid salt of Compound 1, such as D-(−)-tartaric acid salt form or D-tartaric acid salt form. The D-tartaric acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 D-tartaric acid salt,” “Compound 1 D-(−)-tartaric acid salt form,” “Compound 1 D-tartaric acid,” or “Compound 1 D-tartrate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one D-tartrate.

[0068] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a tartaric acid salt of Compound 1, such as L-(+)-tartaric acid salt form or L-tartaric acid salt form. The L-tartaric acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 L-tartaric acid salt,” “Compound 1 L-(+)-tartaric acid salt form,” “Compound 1 L-tartaric acid,” or “Compound 1 L-tartrate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one L-tartrate.

[0069] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a salicylic acid salt of Compound 1. The salicylic acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 salicylic acid salt,” “Compound 1 salicylic acid,” or “Compound 1 salicylate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one salicylate.

[0070] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1, such as a hydrochloric acid salt form. The hydrochloric acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 hydrochloric acid salt,” “Compound 1 hydrochloric acid,” or “Compound 1 hydrochloride.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one hydrochloride.

[0071] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1. The hydrobromic acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 hydrobromic acid salt,” “Compound 1 hydrobromic acid,” or “Compound 1 hydrobromide.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one hydrobromide.

[0072] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a fumaric (trans-butenedioic) acid salt of Compound 1. The fumaric acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 fumaric acid salt,” “Compound 1 fumaric acid,” or “Compound 1 fumarate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one fumarate.

[0073] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1. The phosphoric acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 phosphoric acid salt,” “Compound 1 phosphoric acid,” or “Compound 1 phosphate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one phosphate.

[0074] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1. The benzenesulfonic acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 benzenesulfonic acid salt,” “Compound 1 benzenesulfonic acid,” or “Compound 1 besylate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one besylate.

[0075] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is an ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1. The ethanesulfonic acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 ethanesulfonic acid salt,” “Compound 1 ethanesulfonic acid,” or “Compound 1 esylate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one esylate.

[0076] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is a maleic acid salt of Compound 1. The maleic acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 maleic acid salt,” “Compound 1 maleic acid,” or “Compound 1 maleate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one maleate.

[0077] In some embodiments, the salt of the invention is an adipic acid salt of Compound 1. The adipic acid salt form of Compound 1 is referred to herein as “Compound 1 adipic acid salt,” “Compound 1 adipic acid,” or “Compound 1 adipate.” An alternative name for the salt is 3-(2,6-difluoro-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl-8-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-2H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one adipate.

[0078] The salts of the invention can be isolated as one or more solid forms. As used herein, the phrase “solid form” refers to a salt of the invention in either an amorphous state or a crystalline state (“crystalline form” or “crystalline solid”), whereby a salt of the invention in a crystalline state may optionally include solvent or water within the crystalline lattice, for example, to form a solvated or hydrated crystalline form. In some embodiments, the salt of the present invention is in a crystalline state as described herein. The term “hydrated,” as used herein, is meant to refer to a crystalline form that includes one or more water molecules in the crystalline lattice. Example “hydrated” crystalline forms include hemihydrates, monohydrates, dihydrates, and the like. Other hydrated forms such as channel hydrates and the like are also included within the meaning of the term.

[0079] In some embodiments, salts of the invention can be prepared by any suitable method for the preparation of acid addition salts. For example, the free base Compound 1 can be combined with the desired acid in a solvent or in a melt. Alternatively, an acid addition salt of Compound 1 can be converted to a different acid addition salt by anion exchange. Salts of the invention which are prepared in a solvent system can be isolated by precipitation from the solvent. Precipitation and/or crystallization can be induced, for example, by evaporation, reduction of temperature, addition of anti-solvent, or combinations thereof.

[0080] In some embodiments, the salts of the invention are crystalline, including crystalline forms which are anhydrous, hydrated, non-solvated, or solvated. Example hydrates include hemihydrates, monohydrates, dihydrates, and the like. In some embodiments, the crystalline salts are anhydrous and non-solvated. By “anhydrous” is meant that the crystalline salt contains no bound water in the crystal lattice structure, i.e., the compound does not form a crystalline hydrate.

[0081] In some embodiments, the salts of the invention are substantially isolated. By “substantially isolated” is meant that the salt is at least partially or substantially separated from the environment in which it was formed or detected. Partial separation can include, for example, a composition enriched in the salt of the invention. Substantial separation can include compositions containing at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 97%, or at least about 99% by weight of the salt.

[0082] Salts of the invention also include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the salts. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium.

[0083] The salt forms of the invention were found to be highly crystalline, a desirable property which can facilitate, for example, purification of the drug such as by crystallization and recrystallization as necessary. Further, a crystalline form tends to be more stable and can be easier to mill or micronize when formulating a drug. Crystalline salts also tend have excellent properties with respect to solubility and can be more suitable to be manufactured reproducibly in a clear acid/base ratio, facilitating the preparation of liquid formulations for oral as well as for intravenous applications.

[0084] As used herein, the term “crystalline” or “crystalline form” refers to a crystalline solid form of a chemical compound, including, but not limited to, a single-component or multiple-component crystal form, e.g., including solvates, hydrates, clathrates, and a co-crystals. As used herein, “crystalline form” is meant to refer to a certain lattice configuration of a crystalline substance. Different crystalline forms of the same substance typically have different crystalline lattices (e.g., unit cells) which are attributed to different physical properties that are characteristic of each of the crystalline forms. In some instances, different lattice configurations have different water or solvent content. The different crystalline lattices can be identified by solid state characterization methods such as by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Other characterization methods such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), solid state NMR, and the like further help identify the crystalline form as well as help determine stability and solvent/water content.

[0085] Crystalline forms of a substance include both solvated (e.g., hydrated) and non-solvated (e.g., anhydrous) forms. A hydrated form is a crystalline form that includes water in the crystalline lattice. Hydrated forms can be stoichiometric hydrates, where the water is present in the lattice in a certain water/molecule ratio such as for hemihydrates, monohydrates, dihydrates, etc. Hydrated forms can also be non-stoichiometric, where the water content is variable and dependent on external conditions such as humidity.

[0086] As used herein, the term “substantially crystalline,” means a majority of the weight of a sample or preparation of a salt (or hydrate or solvate thereof) of the invention is crystalline and the remainder of the sample is a non-crystalline form (e.g., amorphous form) of the same compound. In some embodiments, a substantially crystalline sample has at least about 95% crystallinity (e.g., about 5% of the non-crystalline form of the same compound), preferably at least about 96% crystallinity (e.g., about 4% of the non-crystalline form of the same compound), more preferably at least about 97% crystallinity (e.g., about 3% of the non-crystalline form of the same compound), even more preferably at least about 98% crystallinity (e.g., about 2% of the non-crystalline form of the same compound), still more preferably at least about 99% crystallinity (e.g., about 1% of the non-crystalline form of the same compound), and most preferably about 100% crystallinity (e.g., about 0% of the non-crystalline form of the same compound). In some embodiments, the term “fully crystalline” means at least about 99% or about 100% crystallinity.

[0087] Crystalline forms are most commonly characterized by XRPD. An XRPD pattern of reflections (peaks) is typically considered a fingerprint of a particular crystalline form. It is well known that the relative intensities of the XRPD peaks can widely vary depending on, inter alia, the sample preparation technique, crystal size distribution, filters, the sample mounting procedure, and the particular instrument employed. In some instances, new peaks may be observed or existing peaks may disappear, depending on the type of instrument or the settings (for example, whether a Ni filter is used or not). As used herein, the term “peak” refers to a reflection having a relative height/intensity of at least about 4% of the maximum peak height/intensity. Moreover, instrument variation and other factors can affect the 2-theta values. Thus, peak assignments, such as those reported herein, can vary by plus or minus about 0.2° (2-theta), and the term “substantially” as used in the context of XRPD herein is meant to encompass the above-mentioned variations.

[0088] In the same way, temperature readings in connection with DSC, TGA, or other thermal experiments can vary about +3° C. depending on the instrument, particular settings, sample preparation, etc. For example, with DSC it is known that the temperatures observed will depend on the rate of the temperature change as well as the sample preparation technique and the particular instrument employed. Thus, the values reported herein related to DSC thermograms can vary, as indicated above, by +3° C. Accordingly, a crystalline form reported herein having a DSC thermogram “substantially” as shown in any of the Figures is understood to accommodate such variation.

[0089] The salts and compounds disclosed herein can include all isotopes of atoms occurring within them. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium. Salts and compounds of the invention can also include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the intermediates or final compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium. One or more constituent atoms of the compounds of the invention can be replaced or substituted with isotopes of the atoms in natural or non-natural abundance. In some embodiments, the compound includes at least one deuterium atom. For example, one or more hydrogen atoms in a compound of the present disclosure can be replaced or substituted by deuterium. In some embodiments, the compound includes two or more deuterium atoms. In some embodiments, the compound includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 deuterium atoms. Synthetic methods for including isotopes into organic compounds are known in the art.

[0090] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “about”, when used in connection with a numeric value or range of values which is provided to describe a particular solid form (e.g., a specific temperature or temperature range, such as describing a melting, dehydration, or glass transition; a mass change, such as a mass change as a function of temperature or humidity; a solvent or water content, in terms of, for example, mass or a percentage; or a peak position, such as in analysis by, for example, 13C NMR, DSC, TGA and XRPD), indicate that the value or range of values may deviate to an extent deemed reasonable to one of ordinary skill in the art while still describing the particular solid form. Specifically, the term “about”, when used in this context, indicates that the numeric value or range of values may vary by 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.9%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2% or 0.1% of the recited value or range of values while still describing the particular solid form. The term “about”, when used in reference to a degree 2-theta value refers to +/−0.2 degrees 2-theta.

[0091] The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

[0092] As used herein, the term “melting point” refers to an endothermic event or endothermal event observed in e.g., a DSC experiment. An endothermic event is a process or reaction in which a sample absorbs energy from its surrounding in the form of e.g., heat as in a DSC experiment. An exothermic event is a process or reaction in which a sample releases energy. The process of heat absorption and release can be detected by DSC. In some embodiments, the term “melting point” is used to describe the major endothermic event revealed on a particular DSC thermogram.

[0093] The term “room temperature” as used herein, is understood in the art, and refers generally to a temperature, e.g., a reaction temperature, that is about the temperature of the room in which the reaction is carried out, for example, a temperature from about 20° C. to about 30° C. The term “elevated temperature” as used herein, is understood in the art, and refer generally to a temperature, e.g., a reaction temperature, that is above room temperature, e.g., above 30° C.

[0094] The D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of D-(−)-tartaric acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with D-(−)-tartaric acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of D-(−)-tartaric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of D-(−)-tartaric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.1 molar equivalents of D-(−)-tartaric acid.

[0095] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0096] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is a 1:1 v/v mixture of methanol and dichloromethane.

[0097] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of at least about 50° C. . . . In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. For example, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0098] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 48 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0099] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the D-(−)-tartaric acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0100] Crystalline D-(−)-tartaric acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0101] In some embodiments, the crystalline D-(−)-tartaric acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 2.

[0102] In some embodiments, the D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 7.4, about 10.5, about 12.9, about 13.6, about 14.8, and about 16.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0103] In some embodiments, D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 7.4, about 10.5, about 12.9, about 13.6, about 14.8, and about 16.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0104] In some embodiments, D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 7.4, about 10.5, about 12.9, about 13.6, about 14.8, and about 16.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0105] In some embodiments, the D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 7.4, about 10.5, about 12.9, about 13.6, about 14.8, about 16.4, about 18.9, about 21.3, about 22.1, about 22.8, about 25.0, about 25.8, about 26.6, and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0106] In some embodiments, D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 7.4, about 10.5, about 12.9, about 13.6, about 14.8, about 16.4, about 18.9, about 21.3, about 22.1, about 22.8, about 25.0, about 25.8, about 26.6, and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0107] In some embodiments, D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 7.4, about 10.5, about 12.9, about 13.6, about 14.8, about 16.4, about 18.9, about 21.3, about 22.1, about 22.8, about 25.0, about 25.8, about 26.6, and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0108] In some embodiments, the D-(−)-tartaric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 276° C. In some embodiments, the D-(−)-tartaric acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the D-(−) tartaric acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 4.

[0109] In some embodiments, the D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 7.4, about 10.5, about 12.9, about 13.6, about 14.8, and about 16.4; and exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 276° C.

[0110] In some embodiments, the D-(−)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0111] The L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of L-(+)-tartaric acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with L-(+)-tartaric acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of L-(+)-tartaric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 equivalents of molar L-(+)-tartaric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.1 molar equivalents of L-(+)-tartaric acid.

[0112] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0113] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is a 1:1 v/v mixture of methanol and dichloromethane.

[0114] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of at least about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0115] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 48 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0116] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0117] Crystalline L-(+)-tartaric acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0118] In some embodiments, the crystalline L-(+)-tartaric acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 6.

[0119] In some embodiments, the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.8, about 8.5, about 9.1, about 10.3, and about 12.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0120] In some embodiments, L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.8, about 8.5, about 9.1, about 10.3, and about 12.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0121] In some embodiments, L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.8, about 8.5, about 9.1, about 10.3, and about 12.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0122] In some embodiments, the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.8, about 4.5, about 8.5, about 9.1, about 10.3, about 12.0, about 12.3, about 14.3, about 15.7, about 18.2, about 18.8, about 20.2, about 21.3, and about 22.5 degrees 2-theta.

[0123] In some embodiments, L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.8, about 4.5, about 8.5, about 9.1, about 10.3, about 12.0, about 12.3, about 14.3, about 15.7, about 18.2, about 18.8, about 20.2, about 21.3, and about 22.5 degrees 2-theta.

[0124] In some embodiments, L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.8, about 4.5, about 8.5, about 9.1, about 10.3, about 12.0, about 12.3, about 14.3, about 15.7, about 18.2, about 18.8, about 20.2, about 21.3, and about 22.5 degrees 2-theta.

[0125] In some embodiments, the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 90° C., about 211° C., and about 266° C. In some embodiments, the endothermic peak is at a temperature of about 90° C. In some embodiments, the endothermic peak is at a temperature of about 211° C. In some embodiments, the endothermic peak is at a temperature of about 266° C. In some embodiments, the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 7. In some embodiments, the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 8.

[0126] In some embodiments, the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.8, about 8.5, about 9.1, about 10.3, and about 12.0; and the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 90° C., about 211° C., and about 266° C.

[0127] In some embodiments, the L-(+)-tartaric acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0128] The salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of salicylic acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with salicylic acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of salicylic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of salicylic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.2 molar equivalents of salicylic acid. In some embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.3 molar equivalents of salicylic acid.

[0129] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0130] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is methanol.

[0131] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of at least about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0132] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 48 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0133] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the salicylic acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0134] Crystalline salicylic acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0135] In some embodiments, the crystalline salicylic acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 10.

[0136] In some embodiments, the salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 10.4, about 11.8, about 12.1, about 13.4, and about 13.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0137] In some embodiments, salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 10.4, about 11.8, about 12.1, about 13.4, and about 13.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0138] In some embodiments, salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 10.4, about 11.8, about 12.1, about 13.4, and about 13.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0139] In some embodiments, the salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 10.4, about 11.8, about 12.1, about 13.4, about 13.9, about 15.1, about 18.2, about 20.1, about 21.7, about 22.6, about 23.2, about 24.3, about 24.8, about 27.0, and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0140] In some embodiments, salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 10.4, about 11.8, about 12.1, about 13.4, about 13.9, about 15.1, about 18.2, about 20.1, about 21.7, about 22.6, about 23.2, about 24.3, about 24.8, about 27.0, and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0141] In some embodiments, salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 10.4, about 11.8, about 12.1, about 13.4, about 13.9, about 15.1, about 18.2, about 20.1, about 21.7, about 22.6, about 23.2, about 24.3, about 24.8, about 27.0, and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0142] In some embodiments, the salicylic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 212° C. In some embodiments, the salicylic acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 11. In some embodiments, the salicylic acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 12.

[0143] In some embodiments, the salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 10.4, about 11.8, about 12.1, about 13.4, and about 13.9; and the salicylic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 212° C.

[0144] In some embodiments, the salicylic acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0145] The hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of hydrochloric acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with hydrochloric acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.25 equivalents of hydrochloric acid.

[0146] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0147] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is methanol.

[0148] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of at least about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0149] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 48 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0150] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the hydrochloric acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0151] Crystalline hydrochloric acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0152] In some embodiments, the crystalline hydrochloric acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 13.

[0153] In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.8, about 9.2, about 12.9, about 15.6, and about 16.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0154] In some embodiments, hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.8, about 9.2, about 12.9, about 15.6, and about 16.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0155] In some embodiments, hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.8, about 9.2, about 12.9, about 15.6, and about 16.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0156] In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 4.2, about 6.8, about 9.2, about 12.9, about 15.6, about 16.1, about 17.2, about 21.6, about 22.2, about 23.4, about 24.7, about 26.5 and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0157] In some embodiments, hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 4.2, about 6.8, about 9.2, about 12.9, about 15.6, about 16.1, about 17.2, about 21.6, about 22.2, about 23.4, about 24.7, about 26.5 and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0158] In some embodiments, hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 4.2, about 6.8, about 9.2, about 12.9, about 15.6, about 16.1, about 17.2, about 21.6, about 22.2, about 23.4, about 24.7, about 26.5 and about 27.4 degrees 2-theta.

[0159] In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 120° C., about 189° C., and about 274° C. In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 120° C. In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 189° C. In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 274° C. In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 14. In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 15.

[0160] In some embodiments, hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.8, about 9.2, about 12.9, about 15.6, and about 16.1; and the hydrochloric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 120° C., about 189° C., and about 274° C.

[0161] In some embodiments, the hydrochloric acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0162] The hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of hydrobromic acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with hydrobromic acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of hydrobromic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of hydrobromic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.2 molar equivalents of hydrobromic acid.

[0163] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0164] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is methanol.

[0165] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 45° C., about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0166] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 24 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0167] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the hydrobromic acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0168] Crystalline hydrobromic acid salt forms of the compound of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0169] In some embodiments, the crystalline hydrobromic acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 17.

[0170] In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 7.3, about 9.3, about 13.9, about 14.5, and about 16.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0171] In some embodiments, hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 7.3, about 9.3, about 13.9, about 14.5, and about 16.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0172] In some embodiments, hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 7.3, about 9.3, about 13.9, about 14.5, and about 16.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0173] In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.8, about 7.3, about 9.3, about 13.9, about 14.5, about 16.1, about 21.5, about 23.3, about 23.8, about 25.3, and about 28.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0174] In some embodiments, hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.8, about 7.3, about 9.3, about 13.9, about 14.5, about 16.1, about 21.5, about 23.3, about 23.8, about 25.3, and about 28.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0175] In some embodiments, hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.8, about 7.3, about 9.3, about 13.9, about 14.5, about 16.1, about 21.5, about 23.3, about 23.8, about 25.3, and about 28.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0176] In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 84° C. and about 235° C. In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 84° C. In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 235° C. In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 18. In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 19.

[0177] In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 7.3, about 9.3, about 13.9, about 14.5, and about 16.1; and the hydrobromic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 84° C. and about 235° C.

[0178] In some embodiments, the hydrobromic acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0179] The fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of fumaric acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with fumaric acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of fumaric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of fumaric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.2 molar equivalents of fumaric acid.

[0180] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0181] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is methanol.

[0182] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 45° C., about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0183] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 24 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0184] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the fumaric acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0185] Crystalline fumaric acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0186] In some embodiments, the crystalline fumaric acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 21.

[0187] In some embodiments, the fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.3, about 7.1, about 7.8, and about 12.7 degrees 2-theta.

[0188] In some embodiments, fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.3, about 7.1, about 7.8, and about 12.7 degrees 2-theta.

[0189] In some embodiments, fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.3, about 7.1, about 7.8, and about 12.7 degrees 2-theta.

[0190] In some embodiments, the fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.3, about 7.1, about 7.8, about 12.7, about 16.5, about 18.8, about 21.2, about 21.8, about 22.6, about 23.5, about 25.1, about 25.5, and about 25.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0191] In some embodiments, fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.3, about 7.1, about 7.8, about 12.7, about 16.5, about 18.8, about 21.2, about 21.8, about 22.6, about 23.5, about 25.1, about 25.5, and about 25.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0192] In some embodiments, fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.3, about 7.1, about 7.8, about 12.7, about 16.5, about 18.8, about 21.2, about 21.8, about 22.6, about 23.5, about 25.1, about 25.5, and about 25.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0193] In some embodiments, the fumaric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 214° C. In some embodiments, the fumaric acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 22. In some embodiments, the fumaric acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 23.

[0194] In some embodiments, the fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.3, about 7.1, about 7.8, and about 12.7; and the fumaric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 214° C.

[0195] In some embodiments, the fumaric acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0196] The phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of phosphoric acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with phosphoric acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of phosphoric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of phosphoric acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.2 molar equivalents of phosphoric acid.

[0197] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0198] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is methanol.

[0199] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 45° C., about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0200] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 24 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0201] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the phosphoric acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0202] Crystalline phosphoric acid salt forms of the compound of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR. In some embodiments, the crystalline phosphoric acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 25.

[0203] In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.9, about 7.7, about 10.4, and about 12.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0204] In some embodiments, phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.9, about 7.7, about 10.4, and about 12.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0205] In some embodiments, phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.9, about 7.7, about 10.4, and about 12.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0206] In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.9, about 7.7, about 10.4, about 12.6, about 14.3, about 16.9, about 19.7, about 20.8, about 23.2, about 25.1, about 27.2, about 28.6, and about 30.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0207] In some embodiments, phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.9, about 7.7, about 10.4, about 12.6, about 14.3, about 16.9, about 19.7, about 20.8, about 23.2, about 25.1, about 27.2, about 28.6, and about 30.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0208] In some embodiments, phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.9, about 7.7, about 10.4, about 12.6, about 14.3, about 16.9, about 19.7, about 20.8, about 23.2, about 25.1, about 27.2, about 28.6, and about 30.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0209] In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 215° C. and about 221° C. In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 215° C. In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 221° C. In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 26. In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 27.

[0210] In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.9, about 7.7, about 10.4, and about 12.6; and the phosphoric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 215° C. and about 221° C.

[0211] In some embodiments, the phosphoric acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0212] The benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of benzenesulfonic acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with benzenesulfonic acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of benzenesulfonic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of benzenesulfonic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.2 molar equivalents of benzenesulfonic acid.

[0213] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0214] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is methanol.

[0215] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 45° C., about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0216] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 24 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0217] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the benzenesulfonic acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0218] Crystalline benzenesulfonic acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0219] In some embodiments, the crystalline benzenesulfonic acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 29.

[0220] In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.8, about 6.7, about 7.4, about 9.8, about 11.0, and about 13.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0221] In some embodiments, benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.8, about 6.7, about 7.4, about 9.8, about 11.0, and about 13.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0222] In some embodiments, benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.8, about 6.7, about 7.4, about 9.8, about 11.0, and about 13.0 degrees 2-theta.

[0223] In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.8, about 6.7, about 7.4, about 9.8, about 11.0, about 13.0, about 13.4, about 15.1, about 16.0, about 16.9, about 19.4, about 20.6, about 21.0, about 22.3, about 23.6, about 25.6, about 26.1, and about 30.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0224] In some embodiments, benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.8, about 6.7, about 7.4, about 9.8, about 11.0, about 13.0, about 13.4, about 15.1, about 16.0, about 16.9, about 19.4, about 20.6, about 21.0, about 22.3, about 23.6, about 25.6, about 26.1, and about 30.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0225] In some embodiments, benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 3.8, about 6.7, about 7.4, about 9.8, about 11.0, about 13.0, about 13.4, about 15.1, about 16.0, about 16.9, about 19.4, about 20.6, about 21.0, about 22.3, about 23.6, about 25.6, about 26.1, and about 30.1 degrees 2-theta.

[0226] In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 105° C., about 190° C., about 222° C., and about 241° C. In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 105° C. In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 190° C. In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 222° C. In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 241° C. In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 30. In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 31.

[0227] In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 3.8, about 6.7, about 7.4, about 9.8, about 11.0, and about 13.0; and the benzenesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 105° C., about 190° C., about 222° C., and about 241° C.

[0228] In some embodiments, the benzenesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0229] The ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of ethanesulfonic acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with ethanesulfonic acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of ethanesulfonic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of ethanesulfonic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.2 molar equivalents of ethanesulfonic acid.

[0230] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains isopropanol.

[0231] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is methanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is a mixture of methanol and isopropanol.

[0232] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 45° C., about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0233] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 24 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0234] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the ethanesulfonic acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0235] Crystalline ethanesulfonic acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0236] In some embodiments, the crystalline ethanesulfonic acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 33.

[0237] In some embodiments, the ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 4.5, about 7.3, about 9.0, about 14.7, and about 15.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0238] In some embodiments, ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 4.5, about 7.3, about 9.0, about 14.7, and about 15.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0239] In some embodiments, ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 4.5, about 7.3, about 9.0, about 14.7, and about 15.9 degrees 2-theta.

[0240] In some embodiments, the ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 4.5, about 7.3, about 9.0, about 14.7, about 15.9, about 18.0, about 18.9, about 19.4, about 21.4, about 22.1, about 25.3, about 27.7, and about 31.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0241] In some embodiments, ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 4.5, about 7.3, about 9.0, about 14.7, about 15.9, about 18.0, about 18.9, about 19.4, about 21.4, about 22.1, about 25.3, about 27.7, and about 31.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0242] In some embodiments, ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 4.5, about 7.3, about 9.0, about 14.7, about 15.9, about 18.0, about 18.9, about 19.4, about 21.4, about 22.1, about 25.3, about 27.7, and about 31.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0243] In some embodiments, the ethanesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 227° C. In some embodiments, the ethanesulfonic acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 34. In some embodiments, the ethanesulfonic acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 35.

[0244] In some embodiments, the ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 4.5, about 7.3, about 9.0, about 14.7, and about 15.9; and the ethanesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 227° C.

[0245] In some embodiments, the ethanesulfonic acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0246] The maleic acid salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of maleic acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with maleic acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of maleic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of maleic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1.2 molar equivalents of maleic acid.

[0247] The crystallizing solvent can contain any solvent or mixture of solvents capable of at least partially dissolving Compound 1. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains an alcohol. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 2-nitroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, 1-propanol, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol, 2-propanol), 2-methoxyethanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, diethylene glycol, 1-, 2-, or 3-pentanol, neo-pentyl alcohol, t-pentyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, phenol, or glycerol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, or isopropanol. In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent contains dichloromethane.

[0248] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is methanol.

[0249] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature of about 50° C. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 50° C. to about 80° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 40° C. to about 60° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. is used. In some embodiments, a temperature of about 45° C., about 50° C., about 55° C., about 60° C., about 65° C., about 70° C., about 75° C. or about 80° C. is used.

[0250] In some embodiments, the crystallizing solvent is heated to a temperature that can induce crystallization at a practical rate. In some embodiments, crystallization is completed within about 12 to about 24 hours, but longer and shorter periods are possible depending on the choice of crystallizing solvent and temperature.

[0251] The precipitation and/or crystallization of the maleic acid salt, in some embodiments, is carried out by filtering the salt from solution.

[0252] Crystalline maleic acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR.

[0253] In some embodiments, the crystalline maleic acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 37.

[0254] In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.6, about 8.4, about 8.9, about 13.1, and about 13.5 degrees 2-theta.

[0255] In some embodiments, maleic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.6, about 8.4, about 8.9, about 13.1, and about 13.5 degrees 2-theta.

[0256] In some embodiments, maleic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.6, about 8.4, about 8.9, about 13.1, and about 13.5 degrees 2-theta.

[0257] In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.6, about 8.4, about 8.9, about 12.7, about 13.1, about 13.5, about 14.6, about 15.3, about 19.7, about 21.2, about 25.7, about 26.4, and about 26.8 degrees 2-theta.

[0258] In some embodiments, maleic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.6, about 8.4, about 8.9, about 12.7, about 13.1, about 13.5, about 14.6, about 15.3, about 19.7, about 21.2, about 25.7, about 26.4, and about 26.8 degrees 2-theta.

[0259] In some embodiments, maleic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.6, about 8.4, about 8.9, about 12.7, about 13.1, about 13.5, about 14.6, about 15.3, about 19.7, about 21.2, about 25.7, about 26.4, and about 26.8 degrees 2-theta.

[0260] In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 205° C. and about 280° C. In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 205° C. In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peaks at a temperature of about 280° C. In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 38. In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt has a TGA thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 39. In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.6, about 8.4, about 8.9, about 13.1, and about 13.5; and the maleic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 205° C. and about 280° C.

[0261] In some embodiments, the maleic acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0262] The adipic salt of Compound 1 can be prepared by any suitable method for preparation of adipic acid addition salts. For example, Compound 1 can be combined with adipic acid (e.g., about 1.0 molar eq or more) in a crystallizing solvent and the resulting salt can be isolated by filtering the salt from solution. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 2 molar equivalents of adipic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.5 molar equivalents of adipic acid. In certain embodiments, Compound 1 is combined with about 1 to about 1.25 molar equivalents of adipic acid.

[0263] Crystalline adipic acid salt forms of Compound 1 can be identified by their unique signatures with respect to, for example, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and solid state NMR. In some embodiments, the crystalline adipic acid salt can be characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern substantially as shown in FIG. 40.

[0264] In some embodiments, the adipic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.7, about 8.9, about 16.2, and about 17.8 degrees 2-theta.

[0265] In some embodiments, adipic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.7, about 8.9, about 16.2, and about 17.8 degrees 2-theta.

[0266] In some embodiments, adipic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.7, about 8.9, about 16.2, and about 17.8 degrees 2-theta.

[0267] In some embodiments, the adipic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.7, about 8.9, about 16.2, about 17.8, about 19.9, about 21.4, about 22.0, about 22.5, about 23.9, about 24.4, and about 25.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0268] In some embodiments, adipic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least two characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.7, about 8.9, about 16.2, about 17.8, about 19.9, about 21.4, about 22.0, about 22.5, about 23.9, about 24.4, and about 25.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0269] In some embodiments, adipic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least three characteristic XRPD peaks selected from about 6.7, about 8.9, about 16.2, about 17.8, about 19.9, about 21.4, about 22.0, about 22.5, about 23.9, about 24.4, and about 25.6 degrees 2-theta.

[0270] In some embodiments, the adipic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 62° C. and about 271° C. In some embodiments, the adipic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 62° C. In some embodiments, the adipic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 271° C. In some embodiments, the adipic acid salt has a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 41.

[0271] In some embodiments, the adipic acid salt of Compound 1 has at least one characteristic XRPD peak selected from about 6.7, about 8.9, about 16.2, and about 17.8; and the adipic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 62° C. and about 271° C.

[0272] In some embodiments, the adipic acid salt of Compound 1 is substantially crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is crystalline. In some embodiments, the salt is a hydrate. In some embodiments, the salt is a solvate.

[0273] Compound 1 and the salts described herein can inhibit the activity of the FGFR enzyme. For example, Compound 1 can be used to inhibit activity of an FGFR enzyme in a cell or in an individual or patient in need of inhibition of the enzyme by administering an inhibiting amount of Compound 1 to the cell, individual, or patient.

[0274] As FGFR inhibitors, Compound 1 and its salts are useful in the treatment of various diseases associated with abnormal expression or activity of the FGFR enzyme or FGFR ligands. Compounds which inhibit FGFR will be useful in providing a means of preventing the growth or inducing apoptosis in tumors, particularly by inhibiting angiogenesis. It is therefore anticipated that Compound 1 and its salts will prove useful in treating or preventing proliferative disorders such as cancers. In particular tumors with activating mutants of receptor tyrosine kinases or upregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases may be particularly sensitive to the inhibitors.

[0275] In certain embodiments, the disclosure provides a method for treating a FGFR-mediated disorder in a patient in need thereof, comprising the step of administering to the patient a salt of Compound 1, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.

[0276] For example, Compound 1, its salts, and solid forms thereof are useful in the treatment of cancer. Example cancers include bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, cancer of the small intestine, colon cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anus, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer (e.g., cancers of the larynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, lips, and mouth; squamous head and neck cancers), kidney cancer, liver cancer (e.g., hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma), lung cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung carcinomas, parvicellular and non-parvicellular carcinoma, bronchial carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, pleuropulmonary blastoma), ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, uterine cancer, vulvar cancer, esophageal cancer, gall bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer (e.g. exocrine pancreatic carcinoma), stomach cancer, thyroid cancer, parathyroid cancer, skin cancer (e.g., squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, Merkel cell skin cancer), and brain cancer (e.g., astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, neuro-ectodermal tumors, pineal tumors).

[0277] Further example cancers include hematopoietic malignancies such as leukemia or lymphoma, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, adult T cell leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms (e.g., 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis), Waldenstrom's Macroglubulinemia, hairy cell lymphoma, chronic myelogenic lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, AIDS-related lymphomas, and Burkitt's lymphoma.

[0278] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating cancer comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effect amount of Compound 1, its salts, and solid forms thereof. In certain embodiments, the cancer is selected from bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, cancer of the small intestine, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, uterine cancer, vulvar cancer, esophageal cancer, gall bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, thyroid cancer, skin cancer, brain cancer, leukemia, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, adult T cell leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Waldenstrom's Macroglubulinemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myelogenic lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma, Burkett's lymphoma, glioblastoma, melanoma, rhabdosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is bladder cancer. In certain embodiments, the liver cancer is cholangiocellular carcinoma.

[0279] Other cancers treatable with Compound 1, its salts, or solid forms thereof include tumors of the eye, glioblastoma, melanoma, rhabdosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, and osteosarcoma.

[0280] Compound 1, its salts, or solid forms thereof can also be useful in the inhibition of tumor metastases.

[0281] In some embodiments, compound 1 or solid forms as described herein can be used to treat Alzheimer's disease, HIV, or tuberculosis.

[0282] As used herein, the term “8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome” is meant to refer to myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia and abnormalities of FGFR1.

[0283] As used herein, the term “cell” is meant to refer to a cell that is in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo. In some embodiments, an ex vivo cell can be part of a tissue sample excised from an organism such as a mammal. In some embodiments, an in vitro cell can be a cell in a cell culture. In some embodiments, an in vivo cell is a cell living in an organism such as a mammal.

[0284] As used herein, the term “contacting” refers to the bringing together of indicated moieties in an in vitro system or an in vivo system. For example, “contacting” the FGFR enzyme with a compound described herein (e.g., a salt of Compound 1) includes the administration of a compound described herein to an individual or patient, such as a human, having FGFR, as well as, for example, introducing a compound described herein (e.g., a salt of Compound 1) into a sample containing a cellular or purified preparation containing the FGFR enzyme.

[0285] As used herein, the term “individual” or “patient,” used interchangeably, refers to any animal, including mammals, preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, swine, cattle, sheep, horses, or primates, and most preferably humans.

[0286] As used herein, the phrase “therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent such as an amount of any of the solid forms or salts thereof as disclosed herein that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal, individual or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician. An appropriate “effective” amount in any individual case may be determined using techniques known to a person skilled in the art.

[0287] The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is used herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

[0288] As used herein, the phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient” refers to a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition, or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, solvent, or encapsulating material. Excipients or carriers are generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable and include excipients or carriers that are acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. In one embodiment, each component is “pharmaceutically acceptable” as defined herein. See, e.g., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, Pa., 2005; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th ed.; Rowe et al., Eds.; The Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmaceutical Association: 2009; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives, 3rd ed.; Ash and Ash Eds.; Gower Publishing Company: 2007; Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation, 2nd ed.; Gibson Ed.; CRC Press LLC: Boca Raton, Fla., 2009.

[0289] As used herein, the term “treating” or “treatment” refers to inhibiting the disease; for example, inhibiting a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology) or ameliorating the disease; for example, ameliorating a disease, condition or disorder in an individual who is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease, condition or disorder (i.e., reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology) such as decreasing the severity of disease.

[0290] It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment (while the embodiments are intended to be combined as if written in multiply dependent form). Conversely, various features of the invention which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable subcombination.

[0291] One or more additional pharmaceutical agents or treatment methods such as, for example, anti-viral agents, chemotherapeutics or other anti-cancer agents, immune enhancers, immunosuppressants, radiation, anti-tumor and anti-viral vaccines, cytokine therapy (e.g., IL2, GM-CSF, etc.), and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be used in combination with Compound 1 or its salts for treatment of FGFR-associated diseases, disorders or conditions, or diseases or conditions as described herein. The agents can be combined with the present compounds in a single dosage form, or the agents can be administered simultaneously or sequentially as separate dosage forms.

[0292] The salts of the FGFR inhibitor Compound 1 as described herein can be used in combination with one or more other kinase inhibitors for the treatment of diseases, such as cancer, that are impacted by multiple signaling pathways. For example, a combination can include one or more inhibitors of the following kinases for the treatment of cancer: Akt1, Akt2, Akt3, TGF-βR, Pim, PKA, PKG, PKC, CaM-kinase, phosphorylase kinase, MEKK, ERK, MAPK, mTOR, EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4, INS-R, IGF-1R, IR-R, PDGFαR, PDGFβR, CSFIR, KIT, FLK-II, KDR/FLK-1, FLK-4, flt-1, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, c-Met, Ron, Sea, TRKA, TRKB, TRKC, FLT3, VEGFR/Flt2, Flt4, EphA1, EphA2, EphA3, EphB2, EphB4, Tie2, Src, Fyn, Lck, Fgr, Btk, Fak, SYK, FRK, JAK, ABL, ALK and B-Raf. Additionally, the salts of the FGFR inhibitor as described herein can be combined with inhibitors of kinases associated with the PIK3/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, such as PI3K, Akt (including Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3) and mTOR kinases.

[0293] In some embodiments, the salts of Compound 1 as described herein can be used in combination with one or more inhibitors of the enzyme or protein receptors such as HPK1, SBLB, TUT4, A2A/A2B, CD47, CDK2, STING, ALK2, LIN28, ADAR1, MAT2a, RIOK1, HDAC8, WDR5, SMARCA2, and DCLK1 for the treatment of diseases and disorders. Exemplary diseases and disorders include cancer, infection, inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.

[0294] In some embodiments, the salts of Compound 1 as described herein can be used in combination with a therapeutic agent that targets an epigenetic regulator. Examples of epigenetic regulators include bromodomain inhibitors, the histone lysine methyltransferases, histone arginine methyl transferases, histone demethylases, histone deacetylases, histone acetylases, and DNA methyltransferases. Histone deacetylase inhibitors include, e.g., vorinostat.

[0295] For treating cancer and other proliferative diseases, the salts of Compound 1 as described herein can be used in combination with targeted therapies, including JAK kinase inhibitors (Ruxolitinib, additional JAK1/2 and JAK1-selective, baricitinib or INCB39110), Pim kinase inhibitors (e.g., INCB53914), PI3 kinase inhibitors including PI3K-delta selective and broad spectrum PI3K inhibitors (e.g., INCB50465 and INCB54707), PI3K-gamma inhibitors such as PI3K-gamma selective inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, CSFIR inhibitors, TAM receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors (Tyro-3, Axl, and Mer; e.g., INCB81776), angiogenesis inhibitors, interleukin receptor inhibitors, Cyclin Dependent kinase inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors (Bortezomib, Carfilzomib), HDAC-inhibitors (panobinostat, vorinostat), DNA methyl transferase inhibitors, dexamethasone, bromo and extra terminal family members inhibitors (for example, bromodomain inhibitors or BET inhibitors INCB54329 or INCB57643), LSD1 inhibitors (INCB59872 or INCB60003), arginase inhibitors (INCB1158), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors (epacadostat, NLG919 or BMS-986205), and PARP inhibitors (e.g., olaparib or rucaparib).

[0296] For treating cancer and other proliferative diseases, the salts of Compound 1 as described herein can be used in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, agonists or antagonists of nuclear receptors, or other anti-proliferative agents. The salts of Compound 1 can also be used in combination with a medical therapy such as surgery or radiotherapy, e.g., gamma-radiation, neutron beam radiotherapy, electron beam radiotherapy, proton therapy, brachytherapy, and systemic radioactive isotopes. Examples of suitable chemotherapeutic agents include any of: abarelix, aldesleukin, alemtuzumab, alitretinoin, allopurinol, altretamine, anastrozole, arsenic trioxide, asparaginase, azacitidine, baricitinib, bendamustine, bevacizumab, bexarotene, bleomycin, bortezombi, bortezomib, busulfan intravenous, busulfan oral, calusterone, capecitabine, carboplatin, carmustine, cetuximab, chlorambucil, cisplatin, cladribine, clofarabine, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, dacarbazine, dactinomycin, dalteparin sodium, dasatinib, daunorubicin, decitabine, denileukin, denileukin diftitox, dexrazoxane, docetaxel, doxorubicin, dromostanolone propionate, eculizumab, epirubicin, erlotinib, estramustine, etoposide phosphate, etoposide, exemestane, fentanyl citrate, filgrastim, floxuridine, fludarabine, fluorouracil, fulvestrant, gefitinib, gemcitabine, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, goserelin acetate, histrelin acetate, ibritumomab tiuxetan, idarubicin, ifosfamide, imatinib mesylate, interferon alfa 2a, irinotecan, lapatinib ditosylate, lenalidomide, letrozole, leucovorin, leuprolide acetate, levamisole, lomustine, meclorethamine, megestrol acetate, melphalan, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, methoxsalen, mitomycin C, mitotane, mitoxantrone, nandrolone phenpropionate, nelarabine, niraparib, nofetumomab, olaparib, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, pamidronate, panobinostat, panitumumab, pegaspargase, pegfilgrastim, pemetrexed disodium, pentostatin, pipobroman, plicamycin, procarbazine, quinacrine, rasburicase, rituximab, rucaparib, ruxolitinib, sorafenib, streptozocin, sunitinib, sunitinib maleate, tamoxifen, temozolomide, teniposide, testolactone, thalidomide, thioguanine, thiotepa, topotecan, toremifene, tositumomab, trastuzumab, tretinoin, uracil mustard, valrubicin, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, vorinostat, veliparib, talazoparib, and zoledronate.

[0297] In some embodiments, the salts of Compound 1 as described herein can be used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Exemplary immune checkpoint inhibitors include inhibitors against immune checkpoint molecules such as CD20, CD28, CD40, CD122, CD96, CD73, CD47, GITR, CSFIR, JAK, PI3K delta, PI3K gamma, TAM, arginase, HPK1, CD137 (also known as 4-1BB), ICOS, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM3, VISTA, TIGIT, PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2. In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint molecule is a stimulatory checkpoint molecule selected from CD27, CD28, CD40, ICOS, OX40, GITR and CD137. In some embodiments, the immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitory checkpoint molecule selected from A2AR, B7-H3, B7-H4, BTLA, CTLA-4, IDO, KIR, LAG3, PD-1, TIM3, TIGIT, and VISTA. In some embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure provided herein can be used in combination with one or more agents selected from KIR inhibitors, TIGIT inhibitors, LAIR1 inhibitors, CD160 inhibitors, 2B4 inhibitors and TGFR beta inhibitors.

[0298] In some embodiments, the compounds provided herein can be used in combination with one or more agonists of immune checkpoint molecules, e.g., OX40, CD27, GITR, and CD137 (also known as 4-1BB).

[0299] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is anti-PD1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, or anti-CTLA-4 antibody.

[0300] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is a small molecule PD-L1 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the small molecule PD-L1 inhibitor has an IC50 less than 1 μM, less than 100 nM, less than 10 nM or less than 1 nM in a PD-L1 assay described in US Patent Publication Nos. US20170107216, US20170145025, US20170174671, US20170174679, US20170320875, US20170342060, US20170362253, and US 20180016260, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0301] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-1, e.g., an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab (also known as MK-3475), durvalumab (Imfinzi®), pidilizumab, SHR-1210, PDR001, MGA012, PDR001, AB122, or AMP-224. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD1 antibody is pembrolizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is MGA012. In some embodiments, the anti-PD1 antibody is SHR-1210. Other anti-cancer agent(s) include antibody therapeutics such as 4-1BB (e.g. urelumab, utomilumab.

[0302] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is anti-PD1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, or anti-CTLA-4 antibody.

[0303] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-1, e.g., an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is nivolumab, pembrolizumab (also known as MK-3475), durvalumab (Imfinzi®), pidilizumab, SHR-1210, PDR001, MGA012, PDR001, AB122, or AMP-224. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is nivolumab or pembrolizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD1 antibody is pembrolizumab. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody is MGA012. In some embodiments, the anti-PD1 antibody is SHR-1210. Other anti-cancer agent(s) include antibody therapeutics such as 4-1BB (e.g. urelumab, utomilumab.

[0304] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-L1, e.g., an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is BMS-935559, MEDI4736, MPDL3280A (also known as RG7446), or MSB0010718C. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is MPDL3280A or MEDI4736.

[0305] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of PD-1 and PD-L1, e.g., an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 is MCLA-136.

[0306] In some embodiments, the inhibitor is MCLA-145.

[0307] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CTLA-4, e.g., an anti-CTLA-4 antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-CTLA-4 antibody is ipilimumab, tremelimumab, AGEN1884, or CP-675,206.

[0308] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of LAG3, e.g., an anti-LAG3 antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-LAG3 antibody is BMS-986016, LAG525, or INCAGN2385.

[0309] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of TIM3, e.g., an anti-TIM3 antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-TIM3 antibody is INCAGN2390, MBG453, or TSR-022.

[0310] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of GITR, e.g., an anti-GITR antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-GITR antibody is TRX518, MK-4166, INCAGN1876, MK-1248, AMG228, BMS-986156, GWN323, or MEDI1873.

[0311] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an agonist of OX40, e.g., OX40 agonist antibody or OX40L fusion protein. In some embodiments, the anti-OX40 antibody is MEDI0562, MOXR-0916, PF-04518600, GSK3174998, or BMS-986178. In some embodiments, the OX40L fusion protein is MEDI6383.

[0312] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of an immune checkpoint molecule is an inhibitor of CD20, e.g., an anti-CD20 antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-CD20 antibody is obinutuzumab or rituximab.

[0313] The compounds of the present disclosure can be used in combination with bispecific antibodies. In some embodiments, one of the domains of the bispecific antibody targets PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, GITR, OX40, TIM3, LAG3, CD137, ICOS, CD3 or TGFβ receptor. In some embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure can be used in combination with one or more metabolic enzyme inhibitors. In some embodiments, the metabolic enzyme inhibitor is an inhibitor of IDO1, TDO, or arginase. Examples of IDO1 inhibitors include epacadostat, NLG919, BMS-986205, PF-06840003, IOM2983, RG-70099 and LY338196.

[0314] As provided throughout, the additional compounds, inhibitors, agents, etc. can be combined with the present compound in a single or continuous dosage form, or they can be administered simultaneously or sequentially as separate dosage forms. In some embodiments, the salts of Compound 1 as described herein can be used in combination with one or more agents for the treatment of diseases such as cancer. In some embodiments, the agent is an alkylating agent, a proteasome inhibitor, a corticosteroid, or an immunomodulatory agent. Examples of an alkylating agent include cyclophosphamide (CY), melphalan (MEL), and bendamustine. In some embodiments, the proteasome inhibitor is carfilzomib. In some embodiments, the corticosteroid is dexamethasone (DEX). In some embodiments, the immunomodulatory agent is lenalidomide (LEN) or pomalidomide (POM).

[0315] Suitable antiviral agents contemplated for use in combination with Compound 1 or its salts can comprise nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors and other antiviral drugs.

[0316] Example suitable NRTIs include zidovudine (AZT); didanosine (ddl); zalcitabine (ddC); stavudine (d4T); lamivudine (3TC); abacavir (1592U89); adefovir dipivoxil[bis (POM)-PMEA]; lobucavir (BMS-180194); BCH-10652; emitricitabine [(−)-FTC]; beta-L-FD4 (also called beta-L-D4C and named beta-L-2′,3′-dicleoxy-5-fluoro-cytidene); DAPD, ((−)-beta-D-2,6,-diamino-purine dioxolane); and lodenosine (FddA). Typical suitable NNRTIs include nevirapine (BI-RG-587); delaviradine (BHAP, U-90152); efavirenz (DMP-266); PNU-142721; AG-1549; MKC-442 (1-(ethoxy-methyl)-5-(1-methylethyl)-6-(phenylmethyl)-(2,4 (1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione); and (+)-calanolide A (NSC-675451) and B. Typical suitable protease inhibitors include saquinavir (Ro 31-8959); ritonavir (ABT-538); indinavir (MK-639); nelfnavir (AG-1343); amprenavir (141W94); lasinavir (BMS-234475); DMP-450; BMS-2322623; ABT-378; and AG-1 549. Other antiviral agents include hydroxyurea, ribavirin, IL-2, IL-12, pentafuside and Yissum Project No. 11607.

[0317] Suitable agents for use in combination with Compound 1 or its salts for the treatment of cancer include chemotherapeutic agents, targeted cancer therapies, immunotherapies or radiation therapy. Compound 1 and its salts may be effective in combination with anti-hormonal agents for treatment of breast cancer and other tumors. Suitable examples are anti-estrogen agents including but not limited to tamoxifen and toremifene, aromatase inhibitors including but not limited to letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane, adrenocorticosteroids (e.g. prednisone), progestins (e.g. megastrol acetate), and estrogen receptor antagonists (e.g. fulvestrant). Suitable anti-hormone agents used for treatment of prostate and other cancers may also be combined with Compound 1 and its salts. These include anti-androgens including but not limited to flutamide, bicalutamide, and nilutamide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs including leuprolide, goserelin, triptorelin, and histrelin, LHRH antagonists (e.g. degarelix), androgen receptor blockers (e.g. enzalutamide) and agents that inhibit androgen production (e.g. abiraterone).

[0318] Compound 1 and its salts may be combined with or in sequence with other agents against membrane receptor kinases especially for patients who have developed primary or acquired resistance to the targeted therapy. These therapeutic agents include inhibitors or antibodies against EGFR, Her2, VEGFR, c-Met, Ret, IGFR1, or Flt-3 and against cancer-associated fusion protein kinases such as Bcr-Abl and EML4-Alk. Inhibitors against EGFR include gefitinib and erlotinib, and inhibitors against EGFR/Her2 include but are not limited to dacomitinib, afatinib, lapitinib and neratinib. Antibodies against the EGFR include but are not limited to cetuximab, panitumumab and necitumumab. Inhibitors of c-Met may be used in combination with FGFR inhibitors. These include onartumzumab, tivantnib, and INC-280. Agents against Abl (or Bcr-Abl) include imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib and those against Alk (or EML4-ALK) include crizotinib.

[0319] Angiogenesis inhibitors may be efficacious in some tumors in combination with FGFR inhibitors. These include antibodies against VEGF or VEGFR or kinase inhibitors of VEGFR. Antibodies or other therapeutic proteins against VEGF include bevacizumab and aflibercept. Inhibitors of VEGFR kinases and other anti-angiogenesis inhibitors include but are not limited to sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, cediranib, pazopanib, regorafenib, brivanib, and vandetanib

[0320] Activation of intracellular signaling pathways is frequent in cancer, and agents targeting components of these pathways have been combined with receptor targeting agents to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance. Examples of agents that may be combined with Compound 1 or its salts include inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, inhibitors of the Raf-MAPK pathway, inhibitors of JAK-STAT pathway, and inhibitors of protein chaperones and cell cycle progression.

[0321] Agents against the PI3 kinase include but are not limited topilaralisib, idelalisib, buparlisib. Inhibitors of mTOR such as rapamycin, sirolimus, temsirolimus, and everolimus may be combined with FGFR inhibitors. Other suitable examples include but are not limited to vemurafenib and dabrafenib (Raf inhibitors) and trametinib, selumetinib and GDC-0973 (MEK inhibitors). Inhibitors of one or more JAKs (e.g., ruxolitinib, baricitinib, tofacitinib), Hsp90 (e.g., tanespimycin), cyclin dependent kinases (e.g., palbociclib), HDACs (e.g., panobinostat), PARP (e.g., olaparib), and proteasomes (e.g., bortezomib, carfilzomib) can also be combined with Compound 1 or its salts. In some embodiments, the JAK inhibitor is selective for JAK1 over JAK2 and JAK3.

[0322] Other suitable agents for use in combination with Compound 1 or its salts include chemotherapy combinations such as platinum-based doublets used in lung cancer and other solid tumors (cisplatin or carboplatin plus gemcitabine; cisplatin or carboplatin plus docetaxel; cisplatin or carboplatin plus paclitaxel; cisplatin or carboplatin plus pemetrexed) or gemcitabine plus paclitaxel bound particles (Abraxane®).

[0323] Suitable chemotherapeutic or other anti-cancer agents include, for example, alkylating agents (including, without limitation, nitrogen mustards, ethylenimine derivatives, alkyl sulfonates, nitrosoureas and triazenes) such as uracil mustard, chlormethine, cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan™), ifosfamide, melphalan, chlorambucil, pipobroman, triethylene-melamine, triethylenethiophosphoramine, busulfan, carmustine, lomustine, streptozocin, dacarbazine, and temozolomide.

[0324] Other suitable agents for use in combination with Compound 1 or its salts include: dacarbazine (DTIC), optionally, along with other chemotherapy drugs such as carmustine (BCNU) and cisplatin; the “Dartmouth regimen,” which consists of DTIC, BCNU, cisplatin and tamoxifen; a combination of cisplatin, vinblastine, and DTIC; or temozolomide. Compound 1 may also be combined with immunotherapy drugs, including cytokines such as interferon alpha, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in.

[0325] Suitable chemotherapeutic or other anti-cancer agents include, for example, antimetabolites (including, without limitation, folic acid antagonists, pyrimidine analogs, purine analogs and adenosine deaminase inhibitors) such as methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, floxuridine, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, fludarabine phosphate, pentostatine, and gemcitabine.

[0326] Suitable chemotherapeutic or other anti-cancer agents further include, for example, certain natural products and their derivatives (for example, vinca alkaloids, antitumor antibiotics, enzymes, lymphokines and epipodophyllotoxins) such as vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, bleomycin, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, ara-C, paclitaxel (TAXOL™), mithramycin, deoxycoformycin, mitomycin-C, L-asparaginase, interferons (especially IFN-a), etoposide, and teniposide.

[0327] Other cytotoxic agents include navelbene, CPT-11, anastrazole, letrazole, capecitabine, reloxafine, cyclophosphamide, ifosamide, and droloxafine.

[0328] Also suitable are cytotoxic agents such as epidophyllotoxin; an antineoplastic enzyme; a topoisomerase inhibitor; procarbazine; mitoxantrone; platinum coordination complexes such as cis-platin and carboplatin; biological response modifiers; growth inhibitors; antihormonal therapeutic agents; leucovorin; tegafur; and haematopoietic growth factors.

[0329] Other anti-cancer agent(s) include antibody therapeutics such as trastuzumab (Herceptin), antibodies to costimulatory molecules such as CTLA-4, 4-1BB, PD-L1 and PD-1 antibodies, or antibodies to cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β, etc.).

[0330] Other anti-cancer agents also include those that block immune cell migration such as antagonists to chemokine receptors, including CCR2 and CCR4.

[0331] Other anti-cancer agents also include those that augment the immune system such as adjuvants or adoptive T cell transfer.

[0332] Anti-cancer vaccines include dendritic cells, synthetic peptides, DNA vaccines and recombinant viruses.

[0333] Methods for the safe and effective administration of most of these chemotherapeutic agents are known to those skilled in the art. In addition, their administration is described in the standard literature. For example, the administration of many of the chemotherapeutic agents is described in the “Physicians' Desk Reference” (PDR, e.g., 1996 edition, Medical Economics Company, Montvale, NJ), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in its entirety.

[0334] When employed as pharmaceuticals, salts of the invention as described herein can be administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which refers to a combination of a salt of Compound 1 as described herein, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. These compositions can be prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical art, and can be administered by a variety of routes, depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated. Administration may be topical (including ophthalmic and to mucous membranes including intranasal, vaginal and rectal delivery), pulmonary (e.g., by inhalation or insufflation of powders or aerosols, including by nebulizer; intratracheal, intranasal, epidermal and transdermal), ocular, oral or parenteral. Methods for ocular delivery can include topical administration (eye drops), subconjunctival, periocular or intravitreal injection or introduction by balloon catheter or ophthalmic inserts surgically placed in the conjunctival sac. Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intramuscular injection or infusion; or intracranial, e.g., intrathecal or intraventricular, administration. Parenteral administration can be in the form of a single bolus dose, or may be, for example, by a continuous perfusion pump. Pharmaceutical compositions and formulations for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids and powders. Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, aqueous, powder or oily bases, thickeners and the like may be necessary or desirable.

[0335] This disclosure also includes pharmaceutical compositions which contain, as the active ingredient, a salt of Compound 1 in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. In making the compositions described herein, the active ingredient is typically mixed with an excipient, diluted by an excipient or enclosed within such a carrier in the form of, for example, a capsule, sachet, paper, or other container. When the excipient serves as a diluent, it can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid material, which acts as a vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols (as a solid or in a liquid medium), ointments containing, for example, up to 10% by weight of the active compound, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, and sterile packaged powders.

[0336] In preparing a formulation, the active compound can be milled to provide the appropriate particle size prior to combining with the other ingredients. If the active compound is substantially insoluble, it can be milled to a particle size of less than 200 mesh. If the active compound is substantially water soluble, the particle size can be adjusted by milling to provide a substantially uniform distribution in the formulation, e.g. about 40 mesh.

[0337] Some examples of suitable excipients include lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gum acacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup, and methyl cellulose. The formulations can additionally include: lubricating agents such as talc, magnesium stearate, and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preserving agents such as methyl- and propylhydroxy-benzoates; sweetening agents; and flavoring agents. The compositions described herein can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures known in the art.

[0338] The compositions can be formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing from about 5 to about 100 mg, more usually about 10 to about 30 mg, of the active ingredient. The term “unit dosage forms” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient.

[0339] The active compound can be effective over a wide dosage range and is generally administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount. It will be understood, however, that the amount of the compound actually administered will usually be determined by a physician, according to the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, and the like.

[0340] For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient to form a solid pre-formulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of a salt of Compound 1. When referring to these pre-formulation compositions as homogeneous, the active ingredient is typically dispersed evenly throughout the composition so that the composition can be readily subdivided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules. This solid pre-formulation is then subdivided into unit dosage forms of the type described above containing from, for example, 0.1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient of the present disclosure.

[0341] The tablets or pills of the present disclosure can be coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording the advantage of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill can comprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter being in the form of an envelope over the former. The two components can be separated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration in the stomach and permit the inner component to pass intact into the duodenum or to be delayed in release. A variety of materials can be used for such enteric layers or coatings, such materials including a number of polymeric acids and mixtures of polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol, and cellulose acetate.

[0342] The liquid forms in which the salt of Compound 1, or compositions as described herein can be incorporated for administration orally or by injection include aqueous solutions, suitably flavored syrups, aqueous or oil suspensions, and flavored emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, coconut oil, or peanut oil, as well as elixirs and similar pharmaceutical vehicles.

[0343] Compositions for inhalation or insufflation include solutions and suspensions in pharmaceutically acceptable, aqueous or organic solvents, or mixtures thereof, and powders. The liquid or solid compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described supra. In some embodiments, the compositions are administered by the oral or nasal respiratory route for local or systemic effect. Compositions in can be nebulized by use of inert gases. Nebulized solutions may be breathed directly from the nebulizing device or the nebulizing device can be attached to a face masks tent, or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine. Solution, suspension, or powder compositions can be administered orally or nasally from devices which deliver the formulation in an appropriate manner.

[0344] The amount of compound or composition administered to a patient will vary depending upon what is being administered, the purpose of the administration, such as prophylaxis or therapy, the state of the patient, the manner of administration, and the like. In therapeutic applications, compositions can be administered to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest the symptoms of the disease and its complications. Effective doses will depend on the disease condition being treated as well as by the judgment of the attending clinician depending upon factors such as the severity of the disease, the age, weight and general condition of the patient, and the like.

[0345] The compositions administered to a patient can be in the form of pharmaceutical compositions described above. These compositions can be sterilized by conventional sterilization techniques, or may be sterile filtered. Aqueous solutions can be packaged for use as is, or lyophilized, the lyophilized preparation being combined with a sterile aqueous carrier prior to administration. The pH of the compound preparations typically will be between 3 and 11, more preferably from 5 to 9 and most preferably from 7 to 8. It will be understood that use of certain of the foregoing excipients, carriers, or stabilizers will result in the formation of pharmaceutical salts.

[0346] The therapeutic dosage of a salt of Compound 1 can vary according to, for example, the particular use for which the treatment is made, the manner of administration of the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the judgment of the prescribing physician. The proportion or concentration of the salt of Compound 1 in a pharmaceutical composition can vary depending upon a number of factors including dosage, chemical characteristics (e.g., hydrophobicity), and the route of administration. For example, a salt of Compound 1 can be provided in an aqueous physiological buffer solution containing about 0.1 to about 10% w/v of the compound for parenteral administration. Some typical dose ranges are from about 1 μg/kg to about 1 g/kg of body weight per day. In some embodiments, the dose range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg of body weight per day. The dosage is likely to depend on such variables as the type and extent of progression of the disease or disorder, the overall health status of the particular patient, the relative biological efficacy of the compound selected, formulation of the excipient, and its route of administration. Effective doses can be extrapolated from dose-response curves derived from in vitro or animal model test systems.

[0347] Salts of compound 1 can also be formulated in combination with one or more additional active ingredients which can include any pharmaceutical agent such as anti-viral agents, vaccines, antibodies, immune enhancers, immune suppressants, anti-inflammatory agents and the like.

[0348] In the below examples, X-Ray Powder Diffraction analysis was carried out on a Rigaku MiniFlex X-ray Powder Diffractometer (XRPD) instrument. The general experimental procedures for XRPD were: (1) X-ray radiation from copper at 1.054056 Å with K_β filter; (2) X-ray power at 30 KV, 15 mA; and (3) the sample powder was dispersed on a zero-background sample holder. The general measurement conditions for XRPD were: Start Angle 3 degrees; Stop Angle 45 degrees; Sampling 0.02 degrees; and Scan speed 2 degree/min.

[0349] Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out on a TA Instruments Differential Scanning calorimetry, Model Q200 with autosampler. The DSC instrument conditions were as follows: 30-300° C. at 10° C./min; Tzero aluminum sample pan and lid; and nitrogen gas flow at 50 mL/min.

[0350] Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on a TA Instrument Thermogravimetric Analyzer, Model Q500. The general experimental conditions for TGA were: ramp from 20° C.-600° C. at 20° C./min; nitrogen purge, gas flow at 40 mL/min followed by balance of the purge flow; sample purge flow at 60 mL/min; platinum sample pan.

[0351] D-(−)-tartaric acid (32.55 mg, 0.217 mmol, 1.12 eq.) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (94.55 mg, 0.194 mmol) in a 1:1 v/v mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (2.4 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred to give a thick slurry. The slurry was stirred for 1.5 h at 50° C. for 65 min, and then cooled to room temperature and stirred overnight. The slurry was filtered, and the solids were dried under vacuum at 36-40° C. overnight (16 h) to provide Compound 1 D-(−)-tartaric acid salt (104.6 mg, 84% yield).

[0352] The stoichiometric ratio between Compound 1 and D-(−)-tartaric acid was determined as 1:1 by ¹H NMR (FIG. 1). The crystallinity of the Compound 1 D-(−)-tartrate was confirmed by XRPD (FIG. 2) and further supported by DSC (FIG. 3) and TGA (FIG. 4). Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD, DSC, and TGA were performed as described in Example 1. The D-(−)-tartaric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 276° C.

TABLE 1
XRPD Peak Data for the D-(−)-Tartaric Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
7.4	317	100
10.5	144	45.4
11.9	45	14.2
12.9	236	74.4
13.6	151	47.6
14.8	140	44.2
16.4	204	64.4
17.0	52	16.4
18.9	113	35.6
19.7	83	26.2
20.2	61	19.2
21.3	294	92.7
22.1	198	62.5
22.8	277	87.4
25.0	203	64
25.8	166	52.4
26.6	106	33.4
27.4	79	24.9
28.0	95	30
29.0	77	24.3
30.0	60	18.9
30.7	50	15.8
33.0	119	37.5
34.9	64	20.2
35.7	53	16.7
40.2	51	16.1
41.5	39	12.3

[0353] L-(−)-tartaric acid (32.85 mg, 0.218 mmol, 1.25 eq.) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (85.01 mg, 0.174 mmol) in a 1:1 mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (2.4 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred to give a slurry. The slurry was stirred for 50 min at 50° C. for 65 min, and then cooled to room temperature and stirred overnight. The slurry was filtered, and the solids were washed with methyl t-butyl ether, and dried under vacuum at 36-40° C. overnight (16 h) to provide Compound 1 L-(−)-tartaric acid salt (104.6 mg, 84% yield).

[0354] The stoichiometric ratio between Compound 1 and L-(+)-tartaric acid was 1:1 by 1H NMR (FIG. 5). The crystallinity of Compound 1 L-(+)-tartrate was confirmed by XRPD (FIG. 6) and further supported by DSC (FIG. 7). TGA of the salt is provided in FIG. 8. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD, DSC, and TGA were performed as described in Example 1. The L-(+)-tartaric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 90° C., 211° C., and 266° C.

TABLE 2
XRPD Peak Data for the L-(+)-Tartaric Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
3.8	151	29.4
4.5	100	19.5
5.5	51	9.9
6.7	61	11.9
8.5	238	46.3
9.1	514	100
10.3	135	26.3
10.9	90	17.5
12.0	149	29
12.3	143	27.8
14.3	277	53.9
15.3	73	14.2
15.7	180	35
16.7	91	17.7
17.7	97	18.9
18.2	119	23.2
18.8	103	20
20.2	376	73.2
21.3	313	60.9
22.5	305	59.3
24.3	107	20.8
24.9	89	17.3
25.7	98	19.1
27.5	94	18.3
28.9	68	13.2
33.1	59	11.5
37.4	53	10.3

[0355] Salicylic acid (33.8, 0.245 mmol, 1.26 eq.) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (94.42 mg, 0.193 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane (1.5 mL) and methanol (1.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred to give a clear solution. The solution was evaporated to remove dichloromethane to give a slurry. The slurry was stirred for 50 min at 50° C., and then cooled to room temperature and stirred overnight. The slurry was filtered and the solids washed with methyl t-butyl ether. The solids were dried under vacuum at 36-40° C. overnight (16 h) to provide Compound 1 salicylic acid salt (111.7 mg, 92% yield).

[0356] The stoichiometric ratio between Compound 1 and salicylic acid was determined by 1H NMR (FIG. 9) as 1:1. The crystallinity of the Compound 1 salicylate was confirmed by XRPD (FIG. 10) and further supported by DSC (FIG. 11). TGA of the salicylic acid salt is provided in FIG. 12. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD, DSC, and TGA were performed as described in Example 1. The salicylic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperatures of about 212° C.

TABLE 3
XRPD Peak Data for the Salicylic Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
5.3	71	3.4
6.0	200	9.6
7.6	130	6.3
8.6	54	2.6
9.9	339	16.3
10.4	2079	100
11.8	430	20.7
12.1	1263	60.8
12.7	193	9.3
13.4	908	43.7
13.9	901	43.3
15.1	1096	52.7
16.0	115	5.5
16.7	198	9.5
18.2	1346	64.7
18.9	326	15.7
19.3	142	6.8
20.1	1782	85.7
21.1	340	16.4
21.7	1548	74.5
22.6	1493	71.8
23.2	491	23.6
24.3	1188	57.1
24.8	1015	48.8
25.5	319	15.3
26.0	79	3.8
27.0	1212	58.3
27.4	997	48
28.6	215	10.3
29.6	208	10
30.6	823	39.6
31.9	230	11.1
32.4	134	6.4
32.8	173	8.3
33.5	105	5.1
34.4	134	6.4
35.2	110	5.3
36.1	173	8.3
36.8	303	14.6
37.6	86	4.1
38.4	158	7.6
39.1	100	4.8
39.9	70	3.4
40.7	76	3.7
41.5	61	2.9
42.1	83	4
42.8	80	3.8

[0357] Hydrochloric acid (0.25 mL, 1 M in 2-propanol/water, 0.25 mmol, 1.25 eq.) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (94.49 mg, 0.194 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane (1.5 mL) and methanol (1.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred to give a clear solution. The solution was evaporated to remove dichloromethane to give a slurry. The slurry was stirred for 50 min at 50° C., and then cooled to room temperature and stirred overnight. The slurry was filtered and the solids washed with methyl t-butyl ether. The solids were dried under vacuum at 36-40° C. overnight (16 h) to provide Compound 1 hydrochloric acid salt (88.2 mg, 87% yield).

[0358] The crystallinity of Compound 1 hydrochloride was confirmed by XRPD (FIG. 13) and further supported by DSC (FIG. 14). FIG. 15 shows the result of TGA. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD, DSC, and TGA were performed as described in Example 1. The hydrochloric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 120° C., 189° C., and 274° C.

TABLE 4
XRPD Peak Data for the Hydrochloric Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
4.2	176	26
6.8	454	67.2
9.2	196	29
12.9	374	55.3
15.6	336	49.7
16.1	226	33.4
17.2	128	18.9
17.9	63	9.3
19.7	108	16
20.6	109	16.1
21.6	234	34.6
22.2	330	48.8
22.7	100	14.8
23.4	210	31.1
23.9	76	11.2
24.7	374	55.3
26.0	115	17
26.5	676	100
27.4	245	36.2
28.6	176	26
29.8	98	14.5
31.2	94	13.9
32.4	90	13.3
34.0	55	8.1
34.5	80	11.8
37.0	55	8.1
38.1	56	8.3
38.8	53	7.8
40.9	63	9.3

[0359] Hydrobromic acid (48% in water, 0.084 mL, 1.2 equiv) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (0.3 g) in a mixture of dichloromethane (3.6 mL) and methanol (4.0 mL). The reaction was heated to 50° C., distilling off the dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for another 1.5 h. The reaction was filtered and the solids were washed with methyl t-butyl ether (1.5 mL). The solid was dried at 40° C. under vacuum overnight to provide Compound 1 hydrobromic acid salt (0.32 g, 91.4% yield).

[0360] FIG. 16 shows the ¹H NMR of Compound 1 hydrobromic acid salt. The crystallinity of Compound 1 hydrobromic acid salt was confirmed by XRPD (FIG. 17). FIG. 18 shows the DSC thermogram of Compound 1 hydrobromic acid salt. FIG. 19 shows the TGA thermogram of Compound 1 hydrobromic acid salt. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD and DSC were performed as described in Example 1. The hydrobromic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 84° C. and about 235° C.

TABLE 5
XRPD Peak Data for the Hydrobromic Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
6.8	95.0	20.0
7.3	474.0	100.0
9.3	125.0	26.4
13.9	76.0	16.0
14.5	125.0	26.4
16.1	289.0	61.0
21.5	256.0	54.0
23.3	128.0	27.0
23.9	64.0	13.5
25.3	73.0	15.4
28.1	423.0	89.2
29.7	58.0	12.2
30.8	79.0	16.7

[0361] Fumaric acid (0.086 g, 1.2 equiv) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (0.3 g) in a mixture of dichloromethane (3.6 mL) and methanol (4.0 mL). The reaction was heated to 50° C., distilling off the dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for another 1.5 h. The reaction was filtered and the solids were washed with methyl t-butyl ether (1.5 mL). The solid was dried at 40° C. under vacuum overnight to provide Compound 1 fumaric acid salt (0.34 g, 91.6% yield).

[0362] FIG. 20 shows the ¹H NMR of Compound 1 fumaric acid salt. FIG. 21 shows the XRPD pattern of Compound 1 fumaric acid salt. FIG. 22 shows the DSC thermogram of Compound 1 fumaric acid salt. FIG. 23 shows the TGA thermogram of Compound 1 fumaric acid salt. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD and DSC were performed as described in Example 1. The fumaric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 214° C.

TABLE 6
XRPD Peak Data for the Fumaric Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
6.3	147.0	26.0
7.1	461.0	81.6
7.8	379.0	67.1
9.7	85.0	15.0
12.7	220.0	38.9
15.7	46.0	8.1
16.5	81.0	14.3
18.8	306.0	54.2
19.6	89.0	15.8
21.2	146.0	25.8
21.8	49.0	8.7
22.6	103.0	18.2
23.5	287.0	50.8
25.1	270.0	47.8
25.5	565.0	100.0
25.9	383.0	67.8
27.6	46.0	8.1
29.1	38.0	6.7

[0363] Phosphoric acid (85% in water, 0.051 mL, 1.2 equiv) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (0.3 g) in a mixture of dichloromethane (3.6 mL) and methanol (4.0 mL). The reaction was heated to 50° C., distilling off the dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for another 1.5 h. The reaction was filtered and the solids were washed with methyl t-butyl ether (1.5 mL). The solid was dried at 40° C. under vacuum overnight to provide Compound 1 phosphoric acid salt (0.35 g, 97.2% yield).

[0364] FIG. 24 shows the ¹H NMR of Compound 1 phosphoric acid salt. FIG. 25 shows the XRPD pattern of Compound 1 phosphoric acid salt. FIG. 26 shows the DSC thermogram of Compound 1 phosphoric acid salt. FIG. 27 shows the TGA thermogram of Compound 1 phosphoric acid salt. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD and DSC were performed as described in Example 1. The phosphoric acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 215° C. and about 221° C.

TABLE 7
XRPD Peak Data for the Phosphoric Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
3.9	530.0	100.0
7.7	313.0	59.1
10.4	69.0	13.0
12.6	60.0	11.3
14.3	75.0	14.2
16.0	61.0	11.5
16.9	129.0	24.3
19.7	330.0	62.3
20.8	302.0	57.0
23.2	293.0	55.3
24.1	46.0	8.7
25.1	88.0	16.6
26.1	79.0	14.9
27.2	144.0	27.2
28.6	87.0	16.4
30.0	85.0	16.0

[0365] Benzenesulfonic acid (94%, 0.124 g, 1.2 equiv) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (0.3 g) in a mixture of dichloromethane (3.6 mL) and methanol (4.0 mL). The reaction was heated to 50° C., distilling off the dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for another 1.5 h. The reaction was filtered and the solids were washed with methyl t-butyl ether (1.5 mL). The solid was dried at 40° C. under vacuum overnight to provide Compound 1 benzenesulfonic acid salt (0.28 g, 70.5% yield).

[0366] FIG. 28 shows the ¹H NMR of Compound 1 benzenesulfonic acid salt. FIG. 29 shows the XRPD pattern of a solid form of Compound 1 benzenesulfonic acid salt. FIG. 30 shows the DSC thermogram of a solid form of Compound 1 benzenesulfonic acid salt. FIG. 31 shows the TGA thermogram of a solid form of Compound 1 benzenesulfonic acid salt. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD, DSC, and TGA were performed as described in Example 1. The benzenesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 105° C., about 190° C., about 222° C., and about 241° C.

TABLE 8
XRPD Peak Data for the Benzenesulfonic Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
3.8	52.0	11.9
6.7	55.0	12.6
7.4	438.0	100.0
9.8	165.0	37.7
11.0	183.0	41.8
11.6	46.0	10.5
13.0	105.0	24.0
13.4	101.0	23.1
15.1	78.0	17.8
16.0	95.0	21.7
16.9	105.0	24.0
18.3	88.0	20.1
19.4	336.0	76.7
20.6	125.0	28.5
21.0	67.0	15.3
22.3	328.0	74.9
23.6	129.0	29.5
24.3	74.0	16.9
25.6	124.0	28.3
26.1	176.0	40.2
26.9	61.0	13.9
29.4	61.0	13.9
30.1	82.0	18.7
37.5	50.0	11.4
39.9	33.0	7.5

[0367] Ethanesulfonic acid (95%, 0.063 mL, 1.2 equiv) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (0.3 g) in a mixture of dichloromethane (3.6 mL) and methanol (4.0 mL). The reaction was heated to 50° C., distilling off the dichloromethane. Isopropyl alcohol (3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for another 1.5 h. The reaction was filtered and the solids were washed with methyl t-butyl ether (1.5 mL). The solid was dried at 40° C. under vacuum overnight to provide Compound 1 ethanesulfonic acid salt (0.27 g, 73.4% yield).

[0368] FIG. 32 shows the ¹H NMR of Compound 1 ethanesulfonic acid salt. FIG. 33 shows the XRPD pattern of Compound 1 ethanesulfonic acid salt. FIG. 34 shows the DSC thermogram of a solid form of Compound 1 ethanesulfonic acid salt. FIG. 35 shows the TGA thermogram of a solid form of Compound 1 ethanesulfonic acid salt. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD, DSC, and TGA were performed as described in Example 1. The ethanesulfonic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having an endothermic peak at a temperature of about 227° C.

TABLE 9
XRPD of the Ethanesulfonic Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
4.5	276.0	35.7
7.3	553.0	71.4
9.0	774.0	100.0
12.4	38.0	4.9
13.4	43.0	5.6
14.7	275.0	35.5
15.9	359.0	46.4
18.0	267.0	34.5
18.9	320.0	41.3
19.4	156.0	20.2
20.3	116.0	15.0
21.4	248.0	32.0
22.1	246.0	31.8
22.5	38.0	4.9
23.3	118.0	15.2
23.8	63.0	8.1
24.4	37.0	4.8
25.3	275.0	35.5
27.2	144.0	18.6
27.7	199.0	25.7
29.5	53.0	6.8
30.6	42.0	5.4
31.6	109.0	14.1
32.3	77.0	9.9
35.4	53.0	6.8
36.9	43.0	5.6
39.9	34.0	4.4
41.1	64.0	8.3
42.8	48.0	6.2
44.1	51.0	6.6

[0369] Maleic acid (0.086 g, 1.2 equiv) was added to a solution of Compound 1 (0.3 g) in a mixture of dichloromethane (3.6 mL) and methanol (4.0 mL). The reaction was heated to 50° C., distilling off the dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for about 1 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and stirred for another 1.5 h. The reaction was filtered and the solids were washed with methyl t-butyl ether (1.5 mL). The solid was dried at 40° C. under vacuum overnight to provide Compound 1 maleic acid salt (0.38 g, 102.7% yield [product may contain residual solvent]).

[0370] FIG. 36 shows the ¹H NMR of Compound 1 maleic acid salt. FIG. 37 shows the XRPD pattern of Compound 1 maleic acid salt. FIG. 38 shows the DSC thermogram of Compound 1 maleic acid salt. FIG. 39 shows the TGA thermogram of Compound 1 maleic acid salt. Analytical data collected on the product, including characterization by XRPD, DSC, and TGA were performed as described in Example 1. The maleic acid salt exhibits a DSC thermogram having endothermic peaks at temperatures of about 205° C. and 280° C.

TABLE 10
XRPD Peak Data for the Maleic Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
6.6	1975.0	100.0
8.4	106.0	5.4
8.9	87.0	4.4
11.8	65.0	3.3
12.7	137.0	6.9
13.1	284.0	14.4
13.5	267.0	13.5
14.6	148.0	7.5
15.3	162.0	8.2
16.1	45.0	2.3
19.1	38.0	1.9
19.7	149.0	7.5
21.2	205.0	10.4
22.1	133.0	6.7
23.0	161.0	8.2
24.3	98.0	5.0
25.7	421.0	21.3
26.4	425.0	21.5
26.8	229.0	11.6
28.2	116.0	5.9
30.4	60.0	3.0
36.9	37.0	1.9

[0371] The reaction of Compound 1 with adipic acid gave the corresponding adipate. Analytical data collected on the product were performed as described in Example 1. FIG. 26 shows the XRPD pattern of a solid form of Compound 1 adipic acid salt. FIG. 27 shows the DSC thermogram of a solid form of Compound 1 adipic acid salt.

TABLE 11
XRPD Peak Data for the Adipic Acid Salt
2-Theta	Height	I %
3.3	72	3.8
6.7	163	8.6
7.5	62	3.3
8.9	417	22
9.4	88	4.6
10.4	82	4.3
12.4	93	4.9
12.7	116	6.1
13.4	133	7
14.8	130	6.9
15.2	149	7.9
16.2	337	17.8
16.6	83	4.4
17.4	103	5.4
17.8	512	27
18.4	183	9.7
19.0	115	6.1
19.9	908	47.9
21.4	1894	100
22.0	246	13
22.5	241	12.7
22.7	176	9.3
23.9	279	14.7
24.4	208	11
25.1	128	6.8
25.6	314	16.6
26.2	124	6.5
26.6	135	7.1
26.9	124	6.5
28.6	111	5.9
29.0	78	4.1
29.4	88	4.6
30.4	91	4.8
31.0	82	4.3
32.3	48	2.5
37.9	51	2.7
40.1	43	2.3

[0372] The inhibitor potency of Compound 1 was measured in an enzyme assay that measures peptide phosphorylation using FRET measurements to detect product formation. Compound 1 was serially diluted in DMSO and a volume of 0.5 μL was transferred to the wells of a 384-well plate. For FGFR3, a 10 μL volume of FGFR3 enzyme (Millipore) diluted in assay buffer (50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EGTA, 0.01% Tween-20, 5 mM DTT, pH 7.5) was added to the plate and pre-incubated for 5-10 minutes. Appropriate controls (enzyme blank and enzyme with no inhibitor) were included on the plate. The assay was initiated by the addition of a 10 μL solution containing biotinylated EQEDEPEGDYFEWLE peptide substrate (SEQ ID NO: 1) and ATP (final concentrations of 500 nM and 140 μM respectively) in assay buffer to the wells. The plate was incubated at 25° C. for 1 hr. The reactions were ended with the addition of 10 μL/well of quench solution (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mg/mL BSA, pH 7.8; 30 mM EDTA with Perkin Elmer Lance Reagents at 3.75 nM Eu-antibody PY20 and 180 nM APC-Streptavidin). The plate was allowed to equilibrate for ˜1 hr before scanning the wells on a PheraStar plate reader (BMG Labtech).

[0373] FGFR1 and FGFR2 were measured under equivalent conditions with the following changes in enzyme and ATP concentrations: FGFR1, 0.02 nM and 210 μM, respectively and FGFR2, 0.01 nM and 100 μM, respectively. The enzymes were purchased from Millipore or Invitrogen.

[0374] GraphPad prism3 was used to analyze the data. The IC₅₀ values were derived by fitting the data to the equation for a sigmoidal dose-response with a variable slope. Y=Bottom+(Top−Bottom)/(1+10{circumflex over ( )}((LogIC₅₀−X)*HillSlope)) where X is the logarithm of concentration and Y is the response. Compounds having an IC₅₀ of 1 μM or less are considered active.

[0375] Compound 1 of the invention were found to be inhibitors of one or more of FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 according to the above-described assay. IC₅₀ data is provided below in Table 12. The symbol “+” indicates an IC₅₀ less than 100 nM and the symbol “++” indicates an IC₅₀ of 100 to 500 nM.

TABLE 12
	FGFR1	FGFR2	FGFR3
	IC50 (nM)	IC50 (nM)	IC50 (nM)
	Compound 1	+	+	+

[0376] The ability of the example compounds to inhibit the growth of cells dependent on FGFR signaling for survival was measured using viability assays. A recombinant cell line over-expressing human FGFR3 was developed by stable transfection of the mouse pro-B Ba/F3 cells (obtained from the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen) with a plasmid encoding the full length human FGFR3. Cells were sequentially selected for puromycin resistance and proliferation in the presence of heparin and FGF1. A single cell clone was isolated and characterized for functional expression of FGFR3. This Ba/F3-FGFR3 clone is used in cell proliferation assays, and compounds are screened for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation/survival. The Ba/F3-FGFR3 cells are seeded into 96 well, black cell culture plates at 3500 cells/well in RPMI1640 media containing 2% FBS, 20 μg/mL Heparin and 5 ng/ml FGF1. The cells were treated with 10 μL of 10× concentrations of serially diluted compounds (diluted with medium lacking serum from 5 mM DSMO dots) to a final volume of 100 μL/well. After 72 hour incubation, 100 μL of Cell Titer Glo® reagent (Promega Corporation) that measures cellular ATP levels is added to each well. After 20 minute incubation with shaking, the luminescence is read on a plate reader. The luminescent readings are converted to percent inhibition relative to DMSO treated control wells, and the IC₅₀ values are calculated using GraphPad Prism software by fitting the data to the equation for a sigmoidal dose-response with a variable slope. Compounds having an IC₅₀ of 10 μM or less are considered active. Cell lines representing a variety of tumor types including KMS-11 (multiple myeloma, FGFR3 translocation), RT112 (bladder cancer, FGFR3 overexpression), KatoIII (gastric cancer, FGFR2 gene amplification), and H-1581 (lung, FGFR1 gene amplification) are used in similar proliferation assays. In some experiments, MTS reagent, Cell Titer 96® AQueous One Solution Reagent (Promega Corporation) is added to a final concentration of 333 μg/mL in place Cell Titer Glo and read at 490/650 nm on a plate reader. Compounds having an IC₅₀ of 5 μM or less are considered active.

[0377] The inhibitory effect of compounds on FGFR phosphorylation in relevant cell lines (Ba/F3-FGFR3, KMS-11, RT112, KatoIII, H-1581 cancer cell lines and HUVEC cell line) can be assessed using immunoassays specific for FGFR phosphorylation. Cells are starved in media with reduced serum (0.5%) and no FGF1 for 4 to 18 h depending upon the cell line then treated with various concentrations of individual inhibitors for 1-4 hours. For some cell lines, such as Ba/F3-FGFR3 and KMS-11, cells are stimulated with Heparin (20 μg/mL) and FGF1 (10 ng/ml) for 10 min. Whole cell protein extracts are prepared by incubation in lysis buffer with protease and phosphatase inhibitors [50 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM MgCl₂, 10% Glycerol, 1% Triton X-100, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 1 mM sodium fluoride, aprotinin (2 μg/mL), leupeptin (2 μg/mL), pepstatin A (2 μg/mL), and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (1 mM)] at 4° C. Protein extracts are cleared of cellular debris by centrifugation at 14,000×g for 10 minutes and quantified using the BCA (bicinchoninic acid) microplate assay reagent (Thermo Scientific).

[0378] Phosphorylation of FGFR receptor in protein extracts was determined using immunoassays including western blotting, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) or bead-based immunoassays (Luminex). For detection of phosphorylated FGFR2, a commercial ELISA kit DuoSet IC Human Phospho-FGF R2a ELISA assay (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) can be used. For the assay KatoIII cells are plated in 0.2% FBS supplemented Iscove's medium (50,000 cells/well/per 100 μL) into 96-well flat-bottom tissue culture treated plates (Corning, Corning, NY), in the presence or absence of a concentration range of test compounds and incubated for 4 hours at 37° C., 5% CO₂. The assay is stopped with addition of 200 μL of cold PBS and centrifugation. The washed cells are lysed in Cell Lysis Buffer (Cell Signaling, #9803) with Protease Inhibitor (Calbiochem, #535140) and PMSF (Sigma, #P7626) for 30 min on wet ice. Cell lysates were frozen at −80° C. before testing an aliquot with the DuoSet IC Human Phospho-FGF R2a ELISA assay kit. GraphPad prism3 was used to analyze the data. The IC₅₀ values were derived by fitting the data to the equation for a sigmoidal dose-response with a variable slope.

[0379] For detection of phosphorylated FGFR3, a bead based immunoassay was developed. An anti-human FGFR3 mouse mAb (R&D Systems, cat #MAB7661) was conjugated to Luminex MAGplex microspheres, bead region 20 and used as the capture antibody. RT-112 cells were seeded into multi-well tissue culture plates and cultured until 70% confluence. Cells were washed with PBS and starved in RPMI+0.5% FBS for 18 hr. The cells were treated with 10 μL of 10× concentrations of serially diluted compounds for 1 hr at 37° C., 5% CO₂ prior to stimulation with 10 ng/ml human FGF1 and 20 μg/mL Heparin for 10 min. Cells were washed with cold PBS and lysed with Cell Extraction Buffer (Invitrogen) and centrifuged. Clarified supernatants were frozen at −80° C. until analysis.

[0380] For the assay, cell lysates are diluted 1:10 in Assay Diluent and incubated with capture antibody-bound beads in a 96-well filter plate for 2 hours at room temperature on a plate shaker. Plates are washed three times using a vacuum manifold and incubated with anti-phospho-FGF R1-4 (Y653/Y654) rabbit polyclonal antibody (R&D Systems cat #AF3285) for 1 hour at RT with shaking. Plates are washed three times. The diluted reporter antibody, goat anti-rabbit-RPE conjugated antibody (Invitrogen Cat. #LHB0002) is added and incubated for 30 minutes with shaking. Plates are washed three times. The beads are suspended in wash buffer with shaking at room temperature for 5 minutes and then read on a Luminex 200 instrument set to count 50 events per sample, gate settings 7500-13500. Data is expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). MFI from compound treated samples are divided by MFI values from DMSO controls to determine the percent inhibition, and the IC₅₀ values are calculated using the GraphPad Prism software. Compounds having an IC₅₀ of 1 μM or less are considered active.

[0381] Activation of FGFR leads to phosphorylation of Erk proteins. Detection of pErk is monitored using the Cellu'Erk HTRF (Homogeneous Time Resolved Flurorescence) Assay (CisBio) according to the manufacturer's protocol. KMS-11 cells are seeded into 96-well plates at 40,000 cells/well in RPMI medium with 0.25% FBS and starved for 2 days. The medium is aspirated and cells are treated with 30 μL of 1× concentrations of serially diluted compounds (diluted with medium lacking serum from 5 mM DSMO dots) to a final volume of 30 μL/well and incubated for 45 min at room temperature. Cells are stimulated by addition of 10 μL of Heparin (100 μg/mL) and FGF1 (50 ng/mL) to each well and incubated for 10 min at room temperature. After lysis, an aliquot of cell extract is transferred into 384-well low volume plates, and 4 μL of detection reagents are added followed by incubation for 3 hr at room temperature. The plates are read on a PheraStar instrument with settings for HTRF. The normalized fluorescence readings are converted to percent inhibition relative to DMSO treated control wells, and the IC₅₀ values are calculated using the GraphPad Prism software. Compounds having an IC₅₀ of 1 μM or less are considered active.

[0382] 40 μL Enzyme reactions are run in black 384 well polystyrene plates for 1 hour at 25° C. Wells are dotted with 0.8 μL of test compound in DMSO. The assay buffer contains 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 0.01% Tween-20, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EGTA, 5 mM DTT, 0.5 M Biotin-labeled EQEDEPEGDYFEWLE peptide substrate (SEQ ID NO: 1), 1 mM ATP, and 0.1 nM enzyme (Millipore catalogue number 14-630). Reactions are stopped by addition of 20 μL Stop Buffer (50 mM Tris, pH=7.8, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5 mg/mL BSA, 45 mM EDTA) with 225 nM LANCE Streptavidin Surelight® APC (PerkinElmer catalogue number CR130-100) and 4.5 nM LANCE Eu-W1024 anti phosphotyrosine (PY20) antibody (PerkinElmer catalogue number AD0067). After 20 minutes of incubation at room temperature, the plates are read on a PheraStar FS plate reader (BMG Labtech). IC₅₀ values can be calculated using GraphPad Prism by fitting the data to the equation for a sigmoidal dose-response with a variable slope. Compounds having an IC₅₀ of 1 μM or less are considered active.

[0383] Various modifications of the invention, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications are also intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. Each reference, including all patent, patent applications, and publications, cited in the present application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.