Apparatus and Method

[0001] This invention relates to apparatus configured to control fluid distribution between at least one fluid circulation system, associated with equipment, and at least two replaceable fluid containers. This invention also relates to an associated system comprising such an apparatus. This invention also relates to a method for controlling fluid distribution between at least one fluid circulation system associated with equipment and at least two replaceable fluid containers.

[0002] Many vehicle engines use one or more fluids for their operation. Such fluids are often liquids. For example, internal combustion engines use liquid lubricant. Also, electric engines use fluids which can provide heat exchange functionality, for example to cool the engine and/or to heat the engine, and/or to cool and heat the engine during different operating conditions. The heat exchange functionality of the fluids may be provided in addition to other functions (such as a primary function) which may include for example charge conduction and/or electrical connectivity. Such fluids are generally held in reservoirs associated with the engine and may require periodic replacement.

[0003] Such fluids often are consumed during operation of the engine. The properties of such fluids may also degrade with time so that their performance deteriorates, resulting in a need for replacement with fresh fluid. Such replacement may be an involved and time-consuming process. For example, replacement of engine lubricant in a vehicle engine usually involves draining the lubricant from the engine sump. The process may also involve removing and replacing the engine oil filter. Such a procedure usually requires access to the engine sump drain plug and oil filter from the underside of the engine, may require the use of hand tools and usually requires a suitable collection method for the drained lubricant.

[0004] Aspects and examples of the present disclosure are directed to control apparatus configured to control fluid distribution between at least one fluid circulation system associated with equipment and at least two independently replaceable fluid containers. The apparatus comprises a fluid path configured to couple at least one fluid port of the fluid circulation system to at least one fluid port of each of the replaceable fluid containers, the fluid path comprising at least one valve between the fluid circulation system and at least one replaceable fluid container. The apparatus also comprises a control apparatus configured to control the at least one valve to control the flow of fluid between the fluid circulation system and the at least two replaceable fluid containers.

[0005] Other aspects and examples of the present disclosure are directed to a fluid change system. Other aspects and examples of the present disclosure are directed to a method of maintaining the operation of equipment. Other aspects and examples of the present disclosure are directed to uses of the apparatus, system and method of any aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide, as shown for example in FIGS. 1 to 6, apparatus 1 configured to control fluid distribution between at least one fluid circulation system 2 associated with equipment 3 and at least two replaceable fluid containers 4.

[0017] As explained in greater detail below, the equipment 3 may comprise at least a part of one or more of: a vehicle, a motorcycle, a passenger car, a van, a truck, a coach, a heavy duty vehicle, an earthmoving vehicle, a mining vehicle, an off-highway vehicle, a yacht, a motor boat, a pleasure craft, a jet-ski, a fishing vessel and an airborne vessel. Alternatively or additionally, in some examples the equipment 3 may comprise at least a part of an industrial machine. Alternatively or additionally, in some examples the equipment 3 may comprise at least a part of one or more of a motor, an engine, a drivetrain, and a gearbox. Alternatively or additionally, in some examples the equipment 3 may comprise at least a part of one or more of a reverse engine, a generator or a wind turbine. Non-limiting examples of airborne vessels include an airship or a winged aircraft. In some examples, the fluid circulation system 2 may comprise an engine, for example comprising a sump 23 (as shown for example in FIGS. 5 and 6). As described in greater detail below, in some examples the fluid circulation system 2 may comprise a fluid pumping function in order to circulate the fluid in the fluid circulation system 2. The fluid pumping function may comprise a pump, which can be mechanical or electrical.

[0018] The apparatus 1 comprises a fluid path 5 (for example including a manifold unit) configured to couple to at least one fluid port 6 of the fluid circulation system 2, and to at least one fluid port 7 of each of the replaceable fluid containers 4.

[0019] In some examples, as described in greater detail below, the fluid path 5 may be configured to couple the at least one fluid port 6 of the fluid circulation system 2 to the at least one fluid port 7 of each of the replaceable fluid containers 4.

[0020] In the examples of FIGS. 1 and 2, the fluid path 5 is coupled to the fluid ports 7 of two replaceable fluid containers 4. In the examples of FIGS. 3 and 4, the fluid path 5 is coupled to the fluid ports 7 of for example three replaceable fluid containers 4, and in the example of FIG. 5, the fluid path 5 is coupled to the fluid ports 7 of n replaceable fluid containers 4, with n being an integer equal to or greater than two. For example the fluid path 5 may be coupled to four, five or more replaceable fluid containers as non-limiting examples. The number of replaceable fluid containers may depend on, for example, equipment fill volume, service protocol and packaging within the equipment.

[0021] The fluid path 5 comprises at least one valve 8 between the fluid circulation system 2 and at least one replaceable fluid container 4. The valve 8 is only shown schematically in FIG. 5, and shown in more detail in FIG. 6.

[0022] In the present disclosure, “valve” means any device suitable for controlling the passage of fluid through the fluid path 5. Non-limiting examples of valves include check valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, clapper valves, choke valves, diaphragm valves, solenoid valves, valve sequencers, multiway valves, and other suitable valves and similar devices.

[0023] In the examples of FIGS. 1 to 6, the valve 8 is configured to be actuated between at least two conditions, and is configured to enable circulation of fluid between the port 6 and the port 7 in the fluid path 5 in an open condition, and, in a closed condition, block the fluid path 5. Alternatively or additionally, in some examples, the valve 8 may act as a flow restrictor and/or a throttle. In such examples the valve may have a plurality of intermediate conditions between the closed or open conditions. When the valve 8 may act as a flow restrictor and/or a throttle, the valve may enable control the fluid flow on the fluid path 5. As described in greater detail below, in some examples, the apparatus 1 may comprise a plurality of valves 8, which may be located in the fluid path 5.

[0024] In the examples illustrated by FIGS. 1 to 6, the apparatus 1 also comprises a control apparatus 9 configured to control the at least one valve 8 to control the flow of fluid between the fluid circulation system 2 and the at least two replaceable fluid containers 4. In some examples the valve 8 may be actuated from the open condition to the closed condition (or vice versa) by the control apparatus 9 directly, by an actuator controlled by the control apparatus 9 of a combination of both. For example the control apparatus 9 may control the actuator mechanically and/or electrically.

[0025] Further details of the control apparatus 9 will be discussed nearer the end of the present disclosure.

[0026] As described in greater detail below, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the flow of fluid between the fluid circulation system 2 and the at least two replaceable fluid containers 4. This enables a user to plan fluid changes and avoid undesired stoppage of the equipment. The fluid change may be based on active prognostic, diagnostic or pre-emptive servicing. In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the flow of fluid and fluid distribution to avoid the need for maintenance or maintenance intervals determined solely by the fluid requirements of the equipment. In the context of the present disclosure, in normal operation the equipment runs normally, including being turned on and off as desired, with excessive downtime for maintenance being avoided. In addition the time taken to replace a replaceable fluid container is much less than that associated with complete fluid drainage and replacement. Rather than draining a large volume of fluid or replacing a large volume of fluid in a single container, smaller containers providing a portion of the total fluid requirements are replaced and used. Frequency and/or reliance on workshop-based servicing for maintenance of the equipment may be reduced or in some cases, removed, increasing the operational time of the equipment. This is advantageous for large equipment, and when regular service access is difficult and/or hazardous, for example. Maintenance for other non-fluid equipment parameters may also be optimized and overall operating cost and downtime of the equipment may be reduced. Environmentally safe servicing may be planned, with suitable preparations made to recycle the fluid containers and their fluid. In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the flow of fluid and fluid distribution so that the equipment remains in active operation during equipment maintenance. For example in the context of the present disclosure active operation encompasses continuous operation of the equipment that is to say that the equipment is running without being turned on and off. In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the flow of fluid between the fluid circulation system 2 and the at least two replaceable fluid containers 4 enabling one or more fluid containers 4 to be replaced whilst one or more other replaceable fluid containers 4 enable active operation of the equipment.

[0027] In the present disclosure, and as explained in further detail below, “replaceable” means that the container can be removed from the apparatus or equipment in a non-destructive manner. A container can be re-coupled to the apparatus or equipment, for example re-inserted and/or re-seated and/or re-docked in the apparatus or equipment, in a non-destructive manner. The replaceable container may also be refillable, can be supplied new and unused, full with fresh (unused) fluid or empty, and may be recoupled to the apparatus or equipment.

[0028] It should be understood that in the present disclosure each replaceable fluid container is configured to be replaceable independently from other replaceable fluid containers. Each fluid container is separate from the other, such that each independently replaceable fluid container may be replaced (or not) regardless of whether other replaceable fluid containers are being replaced (or not).

[0029] In the present disclosure, “in a non-destructive manner” means that integrity of the container is not altered, except maybe for breakage and/or destruction of seals (such as seals on fluid ports) or of other disposable elements of the container.

[0030] As illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, in some examples, the apparatus 1 may comprise least one pump 11 configured to cause the fluid to flow in the fluid path 5. In some examples, the pump 11 is configured to be controlled by the control apparatus 9. In some examples, as described below, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve 8 and/or the pump 11, based on information associated with the equipment and/or information associated with at least one of the replaceable fluid containers.

[0031] The example illustrated by FIG. 1 will now be described in greater detail.

[0032] In the example of FIG. 1, the fluid path 5 comprises a single valve 8 between the fluid circulation system 2 and a first replaceable fluid container 4 (a container 41 on the left-hand side in FIG. 1). No valve is provided between the fluid circulation system 2 and a second replaceable fluid container 4 (a container 42 on the right-hand side in FIG. 1). The passage of fluid through the fluid path 5 between the fluid circulation system 2 and the first replaceable fluid container 41 may be controlled by the valve 8. The passage of fluid through the fluid path 5, between the fluid circulation system 2 and the second replaceable fluid container 42 is not controlled by any valve located in the fluid path 5. The fluid supply from the containers 4 to the fluid circulation system 2 may be provided for example by gravity.

[0033] In operation, a fluid may be supplied from the second replaceable fluid container 42 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. The control apparatus 9 may control the valve 8 to control the flow of a fluid from the first replaceable fluid container 41 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5.

[0034] The control apparatus 9 may cause the valve 8 to be first in a closed condition, and then in an open condition to enable flow of the second type of fluid into the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5, when desired. This may be, for example, after a predetermined duration of time has lapsed, or another predetermined condition or condition determined for example by the control apparatus 9 is met.

[0035] It should be understood that the valve 8 can be controlled to be in the closed condition again when desired.

[0036] The example illustrated by FIG. 2 comprises the elements of the example illustrated by FIG. 1, and the elements in common will not be described here for the sake of conciseness and clarity.

[0037] In the example of FIG. 2, the fluid path 5 comprises a single valve 8 between the fluid circulation system 2 and the replaceable fluid containers 4. In the example of FIG. 2, the valve 8 is a three way valve, that is to say one way for the fluid circulation system 2 and one way for each of the two replaceable fluid containers 4. The passage of fluid through the fluid path 5, between the fluid circulation system 2 and each of the replaceable fluid containers 4, may be controlled by the valve 8. The fluid supply from the containers 4 to the fluid circulation system 2 may be provided for example by gravity.

[0038] In operation, the control apparatus 9 may control the valve 8 to control the flow of a fluid from a first replaceable fluid container 4 (a left-hand container 41 in FIG. 2) to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. The control apparatus 9 may cause the valve 8 to be first in an open condition for the first replaceable fluid container 41. The fluid may be supplied from the first replaceable fluid container 41 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. The control apparatus 9 may control the valve 8 to control the flow of a fluid from a second replaceable fluid container 4 (a right-hand container 42 in FIG. 2) to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. The control apparatus 9 may cause the valve 8 to be first for example in a closed condition for the second replaceable fluid container 42.

[0039] The control apparatus 9 may then cause the valve 8 to be in a closed condition for the first replaceable fluid container 41 and in an open condition for the second replaceable fluid container 42. type of fluid into the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5, when desired. This may be, for example, after a predetermined duration of time has lapsed, or another predetermined condition or condition determined for example by the control apparatus 9 is met. The fluid may be supplied from the second replaceable fluid container 42 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5.

[0040] It should be understood that the apparatus illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2 forms at least part of the equipment 3, that is, the equipment 3 comprises the apparatus illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0041] The examples illustrated by FIGS. 3 and 4 comprise the elements of the example illustrated by FIG. 1, and the elements in common will not be described here for the sake of conciseness and clarity.

[0042] In the examples of FIGS. 3 and 4, the fluid path 5 comprises a valve 8 between the fluid circulation system 2 and each of the replaceable fluid containers 4 (the fluid path 5 comprises three valves 8). In the examples of FIGS. 3 and 4, each of the valves 8 is a two way valve, that is to say one way for the fluid circulation system 2 and one way for a corresponding fluid container 4. The fluid supply from the containers 4 to the fluid circulation system 2 may be provided by gravity, a pressure gradient, or be pumped. In the examples of FIGS. 3 and 4, the passage of fluid through the fluid path 5, between the fluid circulation system 2 and each of the replaceable fluid containers 4, may be controlled by the valves 8.

[0043] In the example of FIG. 4, the fluid supply from a first replaceable fluid container 41 to the fluid circulation system 2 and/or the fluid return from the fluid circulation system 2 to the first (left-hand) container 41 may be provided by a pump 11. In the example of FIG. 4, the at least one pump 11 comprises a reversible pump 11 configured to cause the fluid to flow to and/or from the first (left-hand) replaceable fluid container 41 from and/or to the fluid circulation system 2. In the example of FIG. 4, the fluid supply from the other containers 42, 43 to the fluid circulation system 2 may be provided by gravity or a pressure gradient.

[0044] In some examples described in greater detail below, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve 8 to selectively inhibit a fluid to flow between the fluid circulation system 2 and one or more first replaceable fluid containers 4. A fluid flow may be enabled to flow selectively between the fluid circulation system 2 and one or more second replaceable fluid containers 4.

[0045] In operation, in the examples of FIGS. 3 and 4, the control apparatus 9 may control at least one of the valves 8 to control the flow of a fluid from the first replaceable fluid container 41 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. The control apparatus 9 may cause a first valve 8a to be first in an open condition for the first replaceable fluid container 41. The fluid may be supplied from the first replaceable fluid container 41 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. The control apparatus 9 may control other valves 8b and 8c to control the flow of a fluid from a second replaceable fluid container 42 and/or a third replaceable fluid container 43 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. For fluid to flow from the first replaceable fluid container 41, the control apparatus 9 may cause the valves 8b and 8c to be in a closed condition for the second and third replaceable fluid containers 42 and 43. For fluid to flow from the second 42 and/or third 43 replaceable fluid containers, the control apparatus 9 may cause the valves 8b and 8c to be in an open position. The valve 8a for the fluid from the first replaceable fluid container 41 may be open or closed as desired.

[0046] It should be also understood that the selection of the replaceable fluid containers providing the fluid to the fluid circulation system may be changed over time by the control apparatus 9, should that be desired, as explained below.

[0047] The control apparatus 9 may then cause the valves 8a and 8c to the first replaceable fluid container 41 and the third replaceable fluid container 43 to be in a closed condition, and the valve 8b to be in an open condition for the second replaceable fluid container 42. The fluid may be supplied from the second replaceable fluid container 42 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. This enables a continuous flow of fluid within the fluid circulation system 2.

[0048] In the example of operation described above, the fluid is supplied from only one replaceable fluid container (for example the replaceable fluid container 41 or the replaceable fluid container 42) at a time. It should be understood that, alternatively or additionally, the control apparatus 9 may control the valves 8 so that fluid supply or return is allowed from or to more than one replaceable fluid container at a time. In other words, at least two or more selected replaceable fluid containers 4 may be used simultaneously.

[0049] In the example of FIG. 3, the equipment 3 comprises a dock 12 for coupling to the one or more replaceable fluid containers 4.

[0050] In the example of FIG. 4 (and also in FIG. 5 as explained below), the apparatus 1 comprises: a first interface 13 configured to couple to the replaceable fluid containers 4; and a second interface 14 configured to couple to the equipment 3. The apparatus 1 comprises a housing 15, which may be provided with the first interface 13 and the second interface 14. In the examples of FIGS. 4 and 5, the housing 15 is configured to house, at least partly: the fluid path 5; the at least one valve 8; and the control apparatus 9. The housing 15 may be distinct from a housing of the containers 4 and/or from the equipment 3.

[0051] In the example of FIG. 4, the fluid path 5 comprises a fluid port 56 configured to couple to the fluid port 6 of the fluid circulation system 2, and, for each fluid container 4, a fluid port 57 configured to couple to the fluid port 7 of the replaceable fluid container 4. The equipment 3 comprises an equipment control unit 16 which may be connected to the control apparatus 9. In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve 8 based on information associated with the equipment 3, for example provided by the equipment control unit 16 to the control apparatus 9.

[0052] In some examples, the information associated with the equipment may comprise data relating to at least one of: engine speed, load history, stop and start frequency, average equipment temperature, number of equipment starts, equipment fuel consumption such as vehicle fuel consumption (when the equipment comprises a vehicle), exhaust emission, vehicle mileage (when the equipment comprises a vehicle), average sump fill, and behaviour of a user such as driver aggression factor (when the equipment comprises a vehicle. It should be understood that the equipment control unit 16 may be configured, to provide other information, such as, for example, information associated with the container 4.

[0053] The example illustrated by FIGS. 5 and 6 comprises the elements of the example illustrated by FIG. 1, and the elements in common will not be described here for the sake of conciseness and clarity.

[0054] FIG. 5 illustrates n replaceable fluid containers 4, and the operation of the control apparatus 9 and the valves 8 will be explained with reference to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 only illustrates two of the replaceable fluid containers of FIG. 5, for conciseness and clarity. The at least one fluid port 6 of fluid circulation system 2 comprises: a fluid scavenging port 61; and a fluid supply port 62. The at least one fluid port 7 of each replaceable fluid container 4 comprises: a fluid inlet port 71 and a fluid outlet port 72. As illustrated with reference to the first replaceable fluid container 41, the fluid path 5 is configured to couple to: the fluid scavenging port 561 of the fluid circulation system 2 and the fluid inlet port 571 of at least one replaceable fluid container 4. The fluid path 5 is also connected to the fluid outlet port5 72 of at least one replaceable fluid container 4 and the fluid supply port 562 of the fluid circulation system 2.

[0055] The at least one pump 11 of the apparatus 1 comprises a pump 111 configured to cause the fluid to flow between the fluid scavenging port 61 and the fluid inlet port 71 of the replaceable fluid containers 4. In the example of FIGS. 5 and 6, the fluid path 5 further comprises a valve 8 in the fluid path 5 between the fluid scavenging port 61 and the fluid inlet port 71 of the replaceable fluid containers 4 (as also shown in greater detail in FIG. 6). The fluid path 5 comprises a valve 8 in the fluid path 5 between the fluid outlet port 72 of at least one replaceable fluid container 4 and the fluid supply port 62 of the fluid circulation system 2 (as also shown in FIG. 6).

[0056] The at least one pump 11 further comprises a pump 112 configured to cause the fluid to flow between the fluid outlet port 72 of the replaceable fluid containers 4 and the fluid supply port 62 of the fluid circulation system 2. It should be understood however that the pump 112 is optional and that, in some examples, the fluid supply from the containers 4 to the fluid circulation system 2 may be provided for example by gravity or a pressure gradient.

[0057] The at least one fluid port 6 of fluid circulation system 2 further comprises a vent port 63, and the at least one fluid port 7 of each replaceable fluid container 4 further comprises at least one vent port 7. As shown with respect to the first replaceable fluid container 41, the fluid path 5 is configured to couple to the vent port 563 and the vent port 573. The vent port 63 of the fluid circulation system 2 is in fluidic connection with a breather of the fluid circulation system 2 (for example connected to the ambient atmosphere) and is configured to avoid excessive negative and/or positive pressure in the replaceable fluid containers 4 as the level of fluid in the containers 4 changes.

[0058] The fluid path 5 comprises a valve 8 in the fluid path 5 between the vent port 63 and the vent port 73 (as shown in FIG. 6). Each of the valves 8 is a two way valve, one way allowing fluid into the fluid circulation system 2 and the other to allow fluid flow through the corresponding fluid port of a replaceable fluid container. The selective passage of fluid through the fluid path 5, between the fluid circulation system 2 and each of the replaceable fluid containers 4, may be controlled by the valves 8, as explained below. In operation, the control apparatus 9 may control at least one of the valves 8 to control the flow of a fluid between the first replaceable fluid container 41 and the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5.

[0059] As illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 6, the control apparatus 9 may cause a valve 8a located between the scavenging port 61 and the fluid inlet port 71, and a valve 8b located between the outlet port 72 and the fluid supply port 62 to be in an open condition for the first replaceable fluid container 41. In some examples, a valve 8c located between the vent port 63 and the vent port 73 may be first in a closed condition for the first replaceable fluid container 41.

[0060] In operation, the fluid may be supplied from the first replaceable fluid container 41 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5, through the outlet port 72, the valve 8b and the fluid supply port 62. The fluid that has been supplied to the fluid circulation system 2 may be circulated in the fluid circulation system 2. After being circulated in the fluid circulation system 2, the fluid may be returned to the first replaceable fluid container 41 from the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5, through the scavenging port 61, the pump 111, the valve 8a and the fluid inlet port 71. The valve 8c located between the vent port 63 and the vent port 73 may be in the closed condition for the first replaceable fluid container 41, as the level of fluid in the first replaceable fluid container 41 does not change during circulation of the fluid through the fluid path 5 and the fluid container 41. Alternatively or additionally, the fluid may be returned to the first replaceable fluid container 41 simultaneously to its circulation in the fluid circulation system 2.

[0061] The control apparatus 9 may control the valve 8 to control the flow of a fluid between a second (for example right-hand) replaceable fluid container 42 to the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5 (as shown in FIG. 6). The control apparatus 9 may cause a valve 8d located between the scavenging port 61 and the fluid inlet port 71, a valve 8e located between the outlet port 72 and the fluid supply port 62 and a valve 8f located between the vent port 63 and the vent port 73 to be, first, for example in a closed condition for the second replaceable fluid container 42. This may occur while the fluid is circulated between the container 41 and the system 2, as explained above.

[0062] The control apparatus 9 may then cause the valves 8a, 8b and 8c to the first replaceable fluid container 41 to be in a closed condition, and the valves 8d and 8e to the second replaceable fluid container 42 to be in an open condition.

[0063] In some examples, the valve 8f located between the vent port 63 and the vent port 73 may remain in the closed condition when the fluid is circulated between the second replaceable fluid container 42 and the system 2, as explained above with reference to the first replaceable fluid container 41. The fluid may be supplied and returned between the second replaceable fluid container 42 and the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5 as explained with reference to the first fluid container 41.

[0064] It should be understood that the operation of the valves 8d, 8e and 8f as explained for the second replaceable fluid container 42 may be applied to all of the n containers 4 other than the first replaceable fluid container 41. It should be also understood that the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the valves 8 corresponding to all of the n containers 4 to selectively inhibit a fluid to flow between the fluid circulation system 2 and one or more first replaceable fluid containers 4, yet enabling a fluid to flow selectively between the fluid circulation system 2 and one or more second replaceable fluid containers 4, or vice versa.

[0065] In the example of FIGS. 5 and 6, one or more replaceable fluid containers 4 is provided with a data provider 17. The data provider 17 may be connected to the control apparatus 9. In some examples, the data provider 17 may enable matching of fluid (such as oil grade or any other characteristic of the fluid) to equipment requirements (such as engine) via an electronic handshake between the data provider 17 and the control apparatus 9 and/or the equipment 3. In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve 8 based on information associated with the container 4, for example provided by the data provider 17 to the control apparatus 9. Alternatively, the data provider 17 may be connected to the equipment or the apparatus.

[0066] In some examples, the information associated with at least one of the replaceable fluid containers may comprise: data relating to at least one of a characteristic of the fluid and/or a characteristic of the replaceable fluid container. In some examples, the characteristic of the fluid may comprise any one or more of: a type of fluid, a grade of the fluid, a formulation of the fluid, an additive to the fluid, a viscosity of the fluid, an age of the fluid, a purity of the fluid, an electrical conductivity of the fluid, a temperature of the fluid and/or a pressure of the fluid. The characteristic of the fluid may be provided directly by sensors of the equipment. Alternatively or additionally, the characteristic of the fluid may be provided directly by sensors of the containers. Alternatively or additionally, the characteristic of the fluid may be determined from data provided by sensors of the equipment or the containers. The data provided by sensors of the equipment or the containers may include proxy characteristics, that is to say characteristics used to determined other characteristics.

[0067] In some examples, the characteristic of the replaceable fluid container may comprise any one or more of an indication of whether the container is new or has previously been refilled or replaced, a number of times the container has been refilled or reused, a mileage or duration for which the container has been used, the date on which the container was filled or refilled, and/or a unique identifier of the container. It should be understood that the data provider 17 may be configured to provide information associated with the equipment.

[0068] In the example of FIGS. 5 and 6, the equipment 3 comprises a user interface 18 enabling data input from or output to a user, such as a driver, when the equipment comprises a vehicle, which may be connected to the control apparatus 9. In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve 8 based on information associated with the equipment 3 and/or the container 4, This may be provided by the user interface 18 to the control apparatus 9. The pump 111 and the optional pump 112 are common to all of the replaceable fluid containers 4. In other words, the pumps 111 and 112 are located between the fluid circulation system 2 and the valves 8, and the valves 8 are located between the pumps 111 and 112 and the fluid containers 4. It should be understood that in some examples each replaceable fluid container 4 may comprise a dedicated pump 11 and/or an optional pump 112.

[0069] It will now be explained below examples of operations of the control apparatus 9 which may be common to at least some of the examples of the apparatus described in the present disclosure.

[0070] In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control supply of fluid from at least one of the replaceable fluid containers 4 to the fluid circulation system 2, as explained for example with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. Fluid supply may improve equipment durability (for example in the case of the fluid being a lubricant). In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to determine that circulation of a fluid contained in one or more first replaceable fluid containers is desired in the fluid circulation system (for example a predetermined condition is met and/or the fluid needs to be supplied, that is to say lubrication and/or additive are needed). In that situation, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve to enable circulation of fluid between the one or more first replaceable fluid containers and the fluid circulation system. In that situation for example the fluid may be supplied to the fluid circulation system. In some examples, the fluid may be withdrawn from the one or more first replaceable fluid containers.

[0071] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to determine that the circulation of the fluid contained in the one or more first replaceable fluid containers in the fluid circulation system may be stopped. In some examples a predetermined condition is met and/or the fluid from the one or more first replaceable fluid containers is not needed any longer and/or the one or more first replaceable fluid containers are empty. In this case, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to determine that circulation of a fluid contained in one or more second replaceable fluid containers is desired in the fluid circulation system. In some examples a predetermined condition is met and/or more and/or a different type of lubrication and/or additive are needed in the fluid circulation system. The control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve to enable circulation of fluid between the one or more second replaceable fluid containers and the fluid circulation system (for example the fluid is supplied (and/or withdrawn from the one or more second replaceable fluid containers) to the fluid circulation system). Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve to enable circulation of fluid between the one or more second replaceable fluid containers and the fluid circulation system. This enables the equipment to be running without being turned off or on (that is to say to be in “active operation”) whilst allowing the one or more first replaceable fluid containers to be decoupled from the fluid path. For example the one or more first replaceable fluid containers may be replaced when the equipment is still running.

[0072] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to determine at least one fluid attribute requirement of a fluid in circulation in the fluid system to enable sustaining normal operation of the equipment. In the context of the disclosure, during normal operation the equipment operates normally but may be turned on and off as desired. In some examples, the predetermined equipment maintenance intervals are no longer contingent of the fluid being changed. The determination of the fluid attribute requirement may be based on information associated with the fluid in circulation in the fluid system. Non-limiting examples of fluid attribute requirements include predetermined and/or determined fluid attribute requirements. Non-limiting examples of fluid attribute requirements include a type of additive, a value of viscosity and a purity of the fluid. In some examples, the one or more fluid attribute requirements may be determined based on information associated with a fluid in circulation in the fluid circulation system. In some examples the information associated with a fluid in circulation in the fluid circulation system may be provided by sensors of the equipment and/or the containers.

[0073] In some examples, the information associated with the fluid in circulation in the fluid circulation system may be used to determine a condition of the fluid in the fluid circulation system. In such an example, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve to enable circulation between the fluid circulation system and one or more replaceable fluid containers based on the one or more determined fluid attribute requirements. In such an example, the control apparatus may be configured to selectively enable circulation between one or more first replaceable fluid containers and one or more second replaceable fluid containers, based on the at least one determined fluid attribute requirement.

[0074] In some examples, the control apparatus may be configured to determine whether a fluid contained in a first replaceable fluid container meets one or more fluid attribute requirements and/or determining whether a fluid contained in a second replaceable fluid container meets one or more of the fluid attribute requirements.

[0075] Alternatively or additionally, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control return of fluid from the fluid circulation system 2 to at least one of the replaceable fluid containers 4, as explained for example with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. Fluid return may improve closed loop recycling of used fluid.

[0076] In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to determine that circulation of a fluid in the fluid circulation system is not desired any longer. This may be the case, for example when a predetermined condition is met and/or the fluid needs to be withdrawn from the fluid circulation system. In such an example, similarly to the explanations with reference to the supply of the fluid from the replaceable fluid container to the fluid system, the control apparatus may be configured to control the valve (and optionally the pump) to enable return of fluid to one or more replaceable fluid containers. The return may for example be performed selectively in one or more containers.

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, when at least one of the replaceable fluid containers 4 comprises a filter 10 (as illustrated for example in FIGS. 1, 2, 5 and 6), the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control filtering of fluid from the fluid circulation system through the filter 10 of the replaceable fluid container 4. For example, when it is determined that the fluid in circulation in the fluid circulation system 2 comprises an amount of impurity (for example contaminants)—as determined for example by the equipment 3 and/or the container 4, for example using sensors—which is above a threshold (for example a predetermined threshold or a threshold determined, for example, by the equipment 3 and/or the container 4), fluid can be returned to the replaceable fluid container comprising the filter 10, to be filtered by the filter 10, before being returned to the fluid circulation system 2. The control of the filtering may improve equipment durability and equipment efficiency (for example fuel efficiency and engine life).

[0078] Alternatively or additionally, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control a ratio of fluid between the fluid circulation system 2 and at least one of the replaceable fluid containers 4. In such an example, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the amount of fluid supplied from (and/or the amount of fluid returned to) at least one replaceable fluid container 4. In some examples, managing fluid volume (for example, in a sump of the equipment when a sump is present) may reduce fuel consumption, for example at warm up of the equipment.

[0079] An example of operation will now be described with reference to the example of FIGS. 5 and 6. In an example, in operation the control apparatus 9 may (as illustrated in FIG. 6) control the valve 8b to inhibit fluid to flow between the fluid outlet port 72 and the fluid supply port 62 control the valve 8c to enable fluid (such as a gas for example air and/or vapour) to flow between the vent port 73 and the vent port 63 of the fluid circulation system 2, as the first fluid exits and/or enters the fluid containers 4 and thus the level of fluid changes in the first container 41. In operation the control apparatus 9 may also control the valve 8a between the fluid inlet port 71 and the fluid scavenging port 61 to cause fluid to flow from and/or to the replaceable fluid containers (for example using the reversible pump 111 as explained below).

[0080] In such an example of operation, the amount of fluid from and/or to the first replaceable fluid container 41 can be controlled (for example during a fluid circulation system filling-up operation), as explained below.

[0081] If it is determined that the amount (and/or ratio) of fluid from the first replaceable fluid container 41 in the fluid circulation system 2 is below a threshold (for example a predetermined threshold or a threshold determined for example by the equipment 3), the pump 111 may cause the fluid to flow from the replaceable fluid container 41 to the fluid circulation system 2.

[0082] Alternatively or additionally, if it is determined that the amount (and/or ratio) of fluid from the first replaceable fluid container 41 in the fluid circulation system 2 is above a threshold (for example a predetermined threshold or a threshold determined for example by the equipment 3), the pump 111 may cause the fluid to flow to the replaceable fluid container 41 from the fluid circulation system 2.

[0083] It should be understood that the above example of operation may also be applied to other examples of the present disclosure, for example with reference to the example illustrated by FIG. 4.

[0084] In some examples described above, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve 8 to selectively inhibit a fluid to flow between the fluid circulation system 2 and one or more first replaceable fluid containers 4, yet enabling a fluid to flow selectively between the fluid circulation system 2 and one or more second replaceable fluid containers 4. In such an example, and as illustrated by the upward arrow in FIG. 3, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to enable decoupling of the fluid path 5 from the fluid port 7 of the one or more first replaceable fluid containers 4 (for example the first replaceable fluid container 41), while fluid is flowing between the one or more second replaceable fluid containers 4 and the fluid circulation system 2. The replaceable fluid container can be removed from the apparatus or equipment, in a non-destructive manner and/or can be re-coupled to the apparatus or equipment, for example re-inserted and/or re-seated and/or re-docked in the apparatus or equipment, in a non-destructive manner.

[0085] The examples of operation above are described with reference to the control apparatus 9. As described in further detail below, in some examples, the control apparatus 9 comprised in the apparatus 1 may not be a single entity, but may be distributed in different parts of the apparatus 1. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1 may comprise other control apparatus and/or processors additionally to the control apparatus 9 already described. It should thus be understood that, in the present disclosure, one or more of the described steps may be performed, at least partly, by the apparatus 1 alternatively or additionally to being performed by the control apparatus 9. The control apparatus 9 may, for example, be within a replaceable fluid container 4, and configured to communicate with the control system of equipment or apparatus.

[0086] In some examples, the apparatus 1 and/or control apparatus 9 may be configured to determine an expected duration of use of one or more replaceable fluid containers. Non-limiting examples of the expected duration include: as long as a temperature of the equipment and/or fluid remains below a threshold; and a duration is before an expiry date of the fluid is reached. In some examples, the expected duration may be based on a time that has lapsed and/or may be based information relating to the equipment (such as an ambient temperature, and/or mileage in the example where the equipment comprises a vehicle) and/or may be based on information relating to the replaceable fluid container (information such as fluid level or a temperature of the fluid). It should be understood that similarly the apparatus 1 and/or control apparatus 9 may alternatively or additionally be configured to determine required use of one or more replaceable fluid containers. This could be performed for example when a replaceable fluid container is empty and/or when a condition in the fluid in circulation in the fluid circulation system is detected. As explained above, the apparatus 1 may perform at least some of the steps described above because the apparatus 1 comprises the control apparatus 9 and, alternatively or additionally, the apparatus 1 may also comprise other control apparatus and/or processors in addition to the control apparatus 9.

[0087] In such examples, the control apparatus 9 may be configured to control the at least one valve 8 based on the determined expected duration and/or required use.

[0088] In such examples, the apparatus 1 and/or control apparatus 9 may be configured to enable and/or inhibit a fluid to flow between the fluid circulation system 2 and one or more replaceable fluid containers 4 based on the determined expected duration and/or required use.

[0089] In some examples, the apparatus 1 and/or control apparatus 9 may be configured to enable a flow of fluid between one or more first fluid containers before the expected duration (and/or required use) is reached. Enabling the flow may occur for example while inhibiting a flow of fluid between one or more second fluid containers. In some examples, the apparatus 1 and/or control apparatus 9 may also be configured to inhibit a flow of fluid between the one or more first replaceable fluid containers when and after the expected duration (and/or required use) is reached. This may be the case for example when the first replaceable fluid containers are empty or have reached their expiry date. Inhibiting the flow may occur for example while enabling a flow of fluid between one or more second fluid containers.

[0090] The apparatus 1 and/or control apparatus 9 may be configured to selectively enable flow of fluids (such as lubricants) of lower viscosity. This may be the case when an ambient temperature and/or a temperature of the fluid are lower than a threshold. This may also be the case during stop or start duty cycles of the equipment. In some examples, the apparatus 1 and/or control apparatus 9 may also be configured to selectively enable flow of fluids (such as lubricants) of higher viscosity. This may be the case when an ambient temperature and/or a temperature of the fluid are higher than a threshold. This may also be the case during normal operation of the equipment.

[0091] A situation where the viscosity and/or the purity of the fluid are too low compared to a desired level (for example a predetermined specification) may also occur when the fluid (for example a lubricant) is diluted by fuel and/or water. This may therefore be used to determine an overall quality of the fluid being used.

[0092] In some examples, the apparatus 1 and/or the control apparatus 9 is configured to control the fluid distribution between the at least one fluid circulation system and the at least two independently replaceable fluid containers to sustain normal operation of the equipment between predetermined equipment maintenance or other maintenance intervals, thus avoiding unexpected stoppage or maintenance of the equipment. In some examples, the changeover between replaceable fluid containers and/or the two types of fluids may be completed with zero down time of the equipment. In some examples, the determination of the expected duration (and/or required use) may be reset once a previous expected duration (and/or required use) is reached.

[0093] Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus 1 and/or control apparatus 9 may be configured to generate an output (for example visual and/or aural) indicating that one or more replaceable fluid containers needs replacing, based on the determined expected duration and/or required use. In some examples, a message indicating to a user that a replaceable fluid container (and for example which replaceable fluid container) needs replacing may be sent to the user interface 18. In some example, only one replaceable fluid container may be replaced at any one time, which allows a quick fluid change whilst for example the equipment is operating. This could occur in active operation of the equipment, that is to say for example when the equipment is running. Non-limiting examples of active operation of the equipment include a vehicle being reloaded or operation whilst a generator is still running.

[0094] In some examples, the pump 11 may be configured to act as a scavenging pump in cases where the equipment comprises a dry sump, or to act as a return pump in cases where the equipment comprises a wet sump. In some examples, the at least one pump 11 is configured to be at least partly powered and/or driven by the equipment 3. When the equipment comprises an engine the pump may be driven directly by the engine itself. In some examples, the pump 11 may be power-supplied by the operation of the equipment 3. In such an example, when the equipment comprises for example an engine, the pump 11 may be power-supplied by the operation of the engine (such as by using the rotation of the engine, such as powered by a crankshaft of the engine) and/or driven by the engine (such as driven by a crankshaft of the engine).

[0095] The pump 11 may comprise a mechanical pump. In some examples, the pump 11 is a mechanical pump. In some other examples, only part of the pump 11 is a mechanical pump and the pump 11 comprises other components.

[0096] In some examples, the equipment 3 may comprise an electrical power source 19, for example comprising a battery. In some examples, the electrical power source 19 may be part of an engine of the equipment (for example when the equipment comprises a hybrid engine). Alternatively or additionally, the electrical power source 19 may be an extra, dedicated, power source. In some examples, the electrical power source 19 may be an electrical power source which is external to the equipment 3.

[0097] In some examples, the at least one pump 11 comprises an electrical pump. In some examples, the pump 11 is powered and/or driven by the electrical power source 19 (as shown in FIG. 5). In some examples, the pump may be driven by an electromechanical device powered by the electrical power source 19.

[0098] In the example illustrated by FIG. 5, the electrical pump 11 may enable fluid flow at a required hydraulic pressure or rate between the replaceable fluid containers 4 and the fluid circulation system 2 through the fluid path 5. The electrical pump 11 may be controlled and may thus avoid the fluid pressure being too high, which can occur with conventional mechanical pumps and which may generate a waste of energy. The electrical pump 11 may avoid the need for a relief valve back to an engine sump. In the examples illustrated by FIGS. 4 and 5, the apparatus 1 may be provided in a packaging and installed between the containers 4 and the equipment 3, for example mounted to an engine of the equipment. In some examples, the apparatus may be for example retro-fitted to the equipment 3. The apparatus may provide an all-in-one modular packaging, external to the equipment.

[0099] In the examples illustrated by FIGS. 4 and 5, the apparatus may avoid the need for engine and vehicle under-bonnet re-design and re-packaging, for example when designing or adapting a vehicle for use with replaceable fluid containers. In examples where the fluid is an oil lubricant, the apparatus 1 may avoid distributing oil lubricant pumps, oil lubricant paths and oil lubricant connectors at different locations in the equipment (for example vehicle and/or engine), and thus enhances reliability and equipment integration. In examples where the fluid is an oil lubricant, an electrical pump may enable maintaining the oil lubricant under different desired tribological regimes.

[0100] In some examples, the control apparatus 9 may form, at least partly, part of an equipment control unit, such as a vehicle control unit or an engine control unit (ECU) of a vehicle. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the control apparatus 9 may form, at least partly, part of at least one container 4, such as part of the data provider 17 of the container 4. Additionally or alternatively, the control apparatus 9 may not be a single entity, but may be distributed in one or more different parts of the equipment 3, of the apparatus 1 or of one or more containers 4.

[0101] The fluid circulation system 2 may integrate a fluid pumping function 21 and a regulating function 22 (as illustrated by FIGS. 5 and 6).

[0102] In some examples, the regulating function 22 includes at least one temperature regulating system (for example to heat and/or cool the fluid in the fluid circulation system 2, to control temperature and/or viscosity of the fluid). In some examples, a temperature regulating fluid may flow in the temperature regulating system, for example comprising a pump (not shown in the Figures) configured to cause flow of the temperature regulating fluid through the temperature regulating system. In some examples, the temperature regulating fluid comprises one or more of: air, hydrogen, an inert gas, water, and an anti-freeze liquid. In some examples, the regulating function 22 may include a heat exchanger which may be of any type. For example the heat exchanger may comprise a shell in which a first fluid (for example the fluid from the temperature regulating system) flows and one or more tubes, within the shell, in which a second fluid (for example the fluid from the fluid circulation system 2) flows. Other types of heat exchangers are envisaged. In some non-limiting examples, temperature regulating system may comprise one or more radiators.

[0103] In some examples, the temperature regulating system of the equipment 3 may further be associated with at least one energy storage device, such as an equipment-cooling system; and/or a heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system of the equipment; and/or the power source 19; and/or a latent heat accumulator.

[0104] In some examples at least one of the fluid containers may be associated with a temperature regulating system (such as a heater or a thermal storage unit) to control the temperature or the viscosity of the fluid. In some examples the temperature regulating system may be located in a dock of the equipment and/or the apparatus. It should be understood that, alternatively or additionally, the viscosity of the fluid may be controlled by formulation of the fluid.

[0105] Some other non-limiting examples of the present disclosure include a fluid change system comprising. This comprises at least two independently replaceable fluid containers 4, a fluid circulation system 2, and a control apparatus 9 configured to control fluid distribution between the fluid circulation system 5 and the at least two independently replaceable fluid containers 4. The fluid distribution is uninterrupted in the absence of one of the independently replaceable fluid containers 4.

[0106] In some examples of the fluid change system, the fluid may be a lubricant.

[0107] In some examples, the fluid change system may comprise the control apparatus 9 according to any aspects of the present disclosure.

[0108] Examples of the disclosure provide, as illustrated by FIG. 7, a method for controlling fluid distribution between at least one fluid circulation system associated with equipment and at least two replaceable fluid containers.

[0109] In some examples, a fluid path is coupled to at least one fluid port of the fluid circulation system, and to at least one fluid port of each of the replaceable fluid containers. The fluid path may couple the at least one fluid port of the fluid circulation system to the at least one fluid port of each of the replaceable fluid containers. The fluid path comprises at least one valve between the fluid circulation system and at least one replaceable fluid container. A control apparatus is configured to control the at least one valve.

[0110] A method of maintaining operation of equipment is illustrated in FIG. 8, the apparatus having a fluid circulation system associated therewith and requiring fluid to circulate in the fluid circulation system to operate. In some examples the method comprises, at S1:

[0111] At step 100: Selecting a first independently replaceable fluid container from at least two independently replaceable fluid containers;

[0112] At step 102: Opening a fluid path between the first independently replaceable fluid container and the fluid circulation system;

[0113] At step 104: Selecting a second independently replaceable fluid container from at least two independently replaceable fluid containers;

[0114] At step 106: Opening a fluid path between the second independently replaceable fluid container and the fluid circulation system;

[0115] At step 108: Determining that the first replaceable fluid container can be removed from the apparatus; and

[0116] At step 110: Using the second independently replaceable fluid container to maintain the operation of the equipment during the removal of the first independently replaceable fluid container.

[0117] As illustrated in FIG. 9, electing, for example at S1, a first independently replaceable fluid container from at least two independently replaceable fluid containers comprises the steps of:

[0118] At step 112: Analysing the condition of a fluid present in a fluid circulation system of the apparatus;

[0119] At step 114: Using the condition, determining a fluid attribute requirement to enable the continuing operation of the equipment;

[0120] At step 116: Determining whether a first fluid contained in a first replaceable fluid container meets the fluid attribute requirement;

[0121] At step 118: Determining whether a second fluid contained in a second replaceable fluid container meets the fluid attribute requirement; and

[0122] At step 120: Based on the determination, selecting either the first or the second fluid to supplement the fluid present in the circulation system.

[0123] In some examples, the method described above and illustrated with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9 may further comprise controlling at least one valve to enable circulation of fluid between the at least one independently replaceable fluid containers and the fluid circulation system. In some examples, the method may further comprise: controlling the return of fluid from the fluid circulation system to at least one of the independently replaceable fluid containers; and controlling the at least one valve to selectively inhibit a fluid to flow between the fluid circulation system and one or more independently replaceable fluid containers. The first and the second fluid are ideally lubricants, or additives useful in lubricants to obtain a desired lubricity.

[0124] In some examples, the step of determining that the first replaceable fluid container can be removed from the apparatus further comprises: calculating an expected duration of use of the one or more independently replaceable fluid containers based on the performance of the independently replaceable fluid container; or calculating an expected duration of use of the one or more independently replaceable fluid containers based on the performance of the equipment.

[0125] Other examples include a use of the apparatus of any one of the aspects of the disclosure in: a vehicle, a motorcycle, a passenger car, a van, a truck, a coach, a heavy duty vehicle, an earthmoving vehicle, a mining vehicle, an off-highway vehicle, a yacht, a motor boat, a pleasure craft, a jet-ski, a fishing vessel, an airborne vessel; an industrial machine; a motor, an engine, a drivetrain, a gearbox; or a reverse engine, a generator or a wind turbine.

[0126] Other examples include a use of the fluid change system of any one of the aspects of the disclosure in: a vehicle, a motorcycle, a passenger car, a van, a truck, a coach, a heavy duty vehicle, an earthmoving vehicle, a mining vehicle, an off-highway vehicle, a yacht, a motor boat, a pleasure craft, a jet-ski, a fishing vessel, an airborne vessel; an industrial machine; a motor, an engine, a drivetrain, a gearbox; or a reverse engine, a generator or a wind turbine.

[0127] Other examples include a use of the method of maintaining the operation of equipment, the method being of any one of the aspects of the disclosure in: a vehicle, a motorcycle, a passenger car, a van, a truck, a coach, a heavy duty vehicle, an earthmoving vehicle, a mining vehicle, an off-highway vehicle, a yacht, a motor boat, a pleasure craft, a jet-ski, a fishing vessel, an airborne vessel; an industrial machine; a motor, an engine, a drivetrain, a gearbox; or a reverse engine, a generator or a wind turbine.

[0128] Below are described other non-limiting examples of methods and processes of the present disclosure, for example with reference to FIG. 7.

[0129] In some examples the method may comprise controlling, at S1, the at least one valve to control the flow of fluid between the fluid circulation system and the at least two replaceable fluid containers.

[0130] In some examples, controlling, at S1, the at least one valve may comprise controlling supply of fluid from at least one of the replaceable fluid containers to the fluid circulation system. In some examples, S1 may comprise: determining a requirement of circulation of a fluid contained in one or more first replaceable fluid containers in the fluid circulation system; controlling the at least one valve to enable circulation of fluid between the one or more first replaceable fluid containers and the fluid circulation system; determining that the circulation of the fluid contained in the one or more first replaceable fluid containers in the fluid circulation system is no longer required; determining a requirement of circulation of a fluid contained in one or more second replaceable fluid containers in the fluid circulation system; and controlling the at least one valve to enable circulation of fluid between the one or more second replaceable fluid containers and the fluid circulation system.

[0131] In such an example, S1 may further comprise controlling the at least one valve to enable circulation of fluid between the one or more second replaceable fluid containers and the fluid circulation system to enable operation of the equipment whilst allowing the one or more first replaceable fluid containers to be decoupled from the fluid path.

[0132] Additionally or alternatively, S1 may further comprise: determining at least one fluid attribute requirement of the fluid in circulation in the fluid system to enable normal operation of the equipment, based on information associated with the fluid in circulation in the fluid circulation system; and controlling the at least one valve to enable circulation between the fluid circulation system and one or more replaceable fluid containers based on the at least one determined fluid attribute requirement.

[0133] In such an example, S1 may further comprise selectively enabling circulation between one or more first replaceable fluid containers and one or more second replaceable fluid containers.

[0134] Alternatively or additionally, controlling, at S1, the at least one valve may comprise controlling return of fluid from the fluid circulation system to at least one of the replaceable fluid containers. Alternatively or additionally, controlling, at S1, the at least one valve may comprise controlling filtering of fluid from the fluid circulation system through a filter of at least one replaceable fluid container (when a filter is present). Alternatively or additionally, controlling, at S1, the at least one valve may comprise controlling a ratio of fluid between the fluid circulation system and at least one of the replaceable fluid containers. Alternatively or additionally, controlling, at S1, the at least one valve may comprise selectively inhibiting a fluid to flow between the fluid circulation system and one or more first replaceable fluid containers, yet enabling a fluid to flow selectively between the fluid circulation system and one or more second replaceable fluid containers. Alternatively or additionally, controlling, at S1, the at least one valve may comprise enabling decoupling of the fluid path from the fluid port of the one or more first replaceable fluid containers while fluid is flowing between the one or more second replaceable fluid containers and the fluid circulation system.

[0135] In some examples, the method may comprise determining an expected duration of use and/or required use of one or more replaceable fluid containers. The controlling of the at least one valve may be based on the determined expected duration and/or required use. The method may comprise enabling and/or inhibiting a fluid to flow between the fluid circulation system and one or more replaceable fluid containers based on the determined expected duration and/or required use. Alternatively or additionally, the method may comprise generating an output indicating that one or more replaceable fluid containers needs replacing, based on the determined expected duration and/or required use.

[0136] In some examples, the method may comprise controlling the fluid distribution between the at least one fluid circulation system and the at least two independently replaceable fluid containers to sustain normal operation of the equipment between predetermined equipment maintenance intervals.

[0137] In some examples, the temperature of the fluid may be determined using temperature data provided by a fluid temperature sensor (not shown in the Figures) provided in at least one replaceable fluid container and/or the apparatus and/or the equipment.

[0138] In some examples, the methods illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 may be implemented on an apparatus as illustrated by FIGS. 1 to 6.

[0139] The methods illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 may be performed, at least partly, by the apparatus 1 described above, for example by the control apparatus 9 of the apparatus. In some examples the methods illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 may be performed, at least partly, by a processor of the control apparatus 9.

[0140] Some other non-limiting examples of the present disclosure include a method of enabling operation of equipment, the equipment being associated with a fluid circulation system and requiring fluid to operate, the method comprising: selecting between one or more first replaceable fluid containers containing a first fluid and one or more second replaceable fluid containers containing a second fluid; deciding to use the first fluid and withdrawing the first fluid from the one or more first replaceable fluid containers into the fluid circulation system; determining that the one or more first replaceable fluid containers can be removed from the equipment; deciding to use the second fluid and withdrawing the second fluid from the one or more second replaceable fluid containers into the fluid circulation system; and using the second fluid to sustain the operation of the equipment whilst the one or more first fluid container is removed.

[0141] Other non-limiting examples include a method of selecting between at least one first replaceable fluid container and at least one second replaceable fluid container, each replaceable container containing a fluid required for operation of equipment, the method comprising: analysing a condition of a fluid in a fluid circulation system of the equipment; using the analysed condition, determining a fluid attribute requirement to enable operation of the equipment; determining whether a first fluid contained in the at least one first replaceable fluid container meets the fluid attribute requirement; determining whether a second fluid contained in the at least one second replaceable fluid container meets the fluid attribute requirement; and based on the determination, selecting the first and/or the second fluid to be provided to the fluid in the circulation system.

[0142] Other non-limiting examples include a system comprising the apparatus of any one of the preceding aspects and equipment associated with at least one fluid circulation system. Optionally the system may further comprise at least two independently replaceable fluid containers for the equipment.

[0143] Other non-limiting examples include a computer program or a computer program product, operable, when executed on a processor, to perform a method according to any one of the preceding aspects of the present disclosure. Other non-limiting examples include a computer program or a computer program product, operable, when executed on a processor, to program a processor to provide apparatus and/or system according to any one of the preceding aspects of the present disclosure.

[0144] Below are described examples of modifications and variations which may be envisaged.

[0145] In the examples of FIGS. 4 and 5, the apparatus 1 and the replaceable fluid containers 4 are illustrated as not being a part of the equipment. It should be understood that, in some examples, the apparatus 1 and/or the replaceable fluid containers 4 may form, at least partly, part of the equipment. In such examples, the apparatus 1 and/or the replaceable fluid containers 4 may be located in a housing of the equipment, such as under a bonnet of a vehicle.

[0146] It should be understood that the system comprising the apparatus of any aspect of the disclosure may comprise, at least partly: a dock for coupling to the one or more replaceable fluid containers or the equipment. In other examples, the apparatus may be at least partly: a dock for coupling to the one or more replaceable fluid containers or the equipment. In some other examples, the system comprising the apparatus of any aspect of the disclosure may comprise or be, at least partly a part of the equipment, other than the dock. In such examples, the part of the equipment may comprise, at least partly, an engine of the equipment.

[0147] The processor associated with the control apparatus 9 may be a control apparatus such as a microcontroller apparatus or the like with the control apparatus managing communication (which may be encrypted communication) with the apparatus 1 and/or the replaceable fluid containers 4 and/or with the equipment 3, for example with a communications (for example control apparatus area network (CAN) bus that couples with an engine control unit (ECU) or engine management system).

[0148] The processor associated with the control apparatus 9 may use the temperature measured by the temperature sensor to determine the temperature of the fluid in the fluid containers. The processor may apply a correction to the temperature measurement to determine the temperature of the fluid in the fluid containers from the apparatus 1 temperature sensor (when present). For example, the apparatus 1 temperature sensor (when present) may be positioned at a given distance from the container and a correction factor may be applied in order to compensate for the distance from the temperature sensor to the fluid.

[0149] The fluid may be any type of fluid circulated in the equipment and/or circulated in any fluid circulation system associated with the equipment (that is the fluid is not necessarily circulated in the equipment) to support a function of the equipment and/or for example an engine of the equipment. The function may be an ancillary function of the equipment.

[0150] The disclosure may be applied to equipment (such as vehicles) having a “dry sump” or a “wet sump” (for example when the fluid circulation system comprises an engine).

[0151] The containers 4 may be containers for a fluid which is a liquid. Examples of suitable liquids include engine lubricant (engine oil) and heat exchange fluid for an electric engine.

[0152] In some examples the lubricant may comprise at least one base stock and at least one lubricant additive. Suitable base stocks include bio-derived base stocks, mineral oil derived base stocks, synthetic base stocks and semi synthetic base stocks. Suitable engine lubricant additives are known in the art. The lubricant may be a mono-viscosity grade or a multi-viscosity grade lubricant. The lubricant may be a single purpose lubricant or a multi-purpose lubricant. When lubricant is used each replaceable fluid container 4 may contain varying grades or types of lubricant, with varying desired characteristics, such as viscosity or additives. In this manner it is possible to mix a lubricant having a desired performance based upon selecting from a number of different base stocks and additives in various replaceable fluid containers. For example, a first fluid container 4 may contain a lubricant that is particularly effective at lower temperatures, and so aids in cold starting. A second fluid container 4 may contain an additive that is beneficial under particular circumstances, for example, on long journeys or in hot weather.

[0153] In some examples, the equipment may comprise at least one electric drivetrain. In some examples, the equipment may comprise a hybrid vehicle.

[0154] The container may be a container for heat exchange fluid for an electric engine, as electric engines may require heat exchange fluid to heat the engine and/or cool the engine. This may depend upon the operating cycle of the engine. Electric engines may also require a reservoir of heat exchange fluid. The replaceable fluid container may provide a heat storage container in which heat exchange fluid may be stored for use to heat the electric engine when required. The replaceable fluid container may provide a container for storage of coolant at a temperature below the operating temperature of the engine for use to cool the electric engine when required.

[0155] Suitable heat exchange fluids for electric engines, which may have additional functionality (such as the primary function) which may include for example charge conduction and/or electrical connectivity, may be aqueous or non-aqueous fluids. Suitable heat exchange fluids for electric engines may comprise organic and/or non-organic performance boosting additives. Suitable heat exchange fluids may be man-made or bio-derived, for example Betaine. The heat exchange fluids may have fire retarding characteristics and/or hydraulic characteristics. Suitable heat exchange fluids include phase change fluids. Suitable heat exchange fluids include molten metals or salts. Suitable heat exchange fluids include nanofluids. Nanofluids comprise nanoparticles suspended in a base fluid, which may be solid, liquid or gas. Suitable heat exchange fluids include gases and liquids. Suitable heat exchange fluids include liquefied gases.

[0156] Other examples include at least one of a de-icer, and/or a hydraulic fluid (such as a fluid used in braking systems), and/or a pneumatic fluid, and/or a washer fluid, and/or a fuel additive, and/or a charge conduction liquid, and/or an electrical connectivity liquid, and/or a heat exchange fluid, or any other fluid associated with any function of the equipment and/or an engine of the equipment.

[0157] The data provider of the replaceable fluid container may comprise a processor. The data provider may comprise a memory for storing data describing the fluid in the replaceable fluid container. For example, the memory may store data including at least one of: the grade of the fluid, the type of fluid, the date on which the container was filled or refilled, a unique identifier of the container, an indication of whether the container is new, or has previously been refilled or replaced, an indication of the vehicle mileage, the number of times the container has been refilled or reused, and the total mileage or duration for which the container has been used.

[0158] The processor associated with the control apparatus 9 may also read and/or write data to a memory or data store of the data provider of the container. This data may be encrypted and may include equipment data and sensor parameters. Data storage may be carried out at start-up and periodically as a vehicle carrying the container for example accumulates miles of distance travelled and duration of engine running.

[0159] In some examples, the containers 4 may be provided as a self-contained container containing fresh, refreshed or unused fluid which may easily replace a container which is empty or contains used or spent fluid.

[0160] If the container 4 also comprises a filter, the filter may also be replaced together with the spent or used fluid. Thus, a replaceable fluid container containing spent or used fluid retained in fluidic communication with the fluid circulation system may be disconnected from the fluid circulation system, removed and replaced by a container containing fresh, refreshed or unused fluid and if present a fresh, renewed or new filter.

[0161] In some examples, a part of the container 4 (for example a part comprising the ports and/or the filter when a filter is present) may be separated from another part of the container, and a new part may be attached to the other part. Parts may thus be re-used and/or recycled.

[0162] The dock may be a physical structure in which the container is seated and then docked. As another possibility, the dock may simply be a fluid coupling or couplings of the equipment and/or the fluid circulation system for coupling to the at least one fluid port of the container.

[0163] In some examples, fluid outlet ports may comprise a non-return valve. The non-return valve may prevent or at least inhibit fluid from draining back to the container when the equipment is not operating and may help keep a fluid line to a circulating pump full of fluid so that circulation of fluid is immediate when operation of the equipment is started. Additionally or alternatively, fluid inlet ports may comprise a control valve or shut-off valve which may be closed when the equipment is not operating, for example to prevent or reduce fluid draining from the container to the equipment. Additionally or alternatively, vent ports may not contain any valves because fluid, for example, in case gas and/or vapour, may be required to flow both to and from the container through the vent port when the container is connected to the fluid circulation system (and a valve in the fluid path is in an open condition).

[0164] The fluid ports may comprise fluid couplings, which may be self-sealing.

[0165] Suitable vehicles include motorcycles, passenger cars, vans, trucks, coaches, heavy duty vehicles, earthmoving vehicles, mining vehicles, off-highway vehicles. Powered water-borne vessels are also envisaged as vehicles, including yachts, motor boats (for example with an outboard motor), pleasure crafts, jet-skis or fishing vessels. Applications of the disclosure are envisaged for parts only of the vehicles, for example parts including one or more moving parts (for example a gearbox).

[0166] Suitable machines include industrial machines and/or manufacture machines and/or assembly machines.

[0167] Suitable motors include engines, drivetrains and/or gearboxes of vehicles or of static or mobile pieces of the equipment.

[0168] Suitable reverse engines include generator such as a wind turbine generator or gearboxes of generators. The apparatus may be advantageous in wind turbine gear boxes where regular service access may be difficult and/or hazardous.

[0169] Suitable airborne vessels include airships and winged aircraft.

[0170] The container may be manufactured from metal and/or plastics material. Suitable materials include reinforced thermoplastics material which for example, may be suitable for operation at temperatures of up to 150° C. for extended periods of time.

[0171] The container may comprise at least one trade mark, logo, product information, advertising information, other distinguishing feature or combination thereof. The container may be printed and/or labelled with at least one trade mark, logo, product information, advertising information, other distinguishing feature or combination thereof. This may have an advantage of deterring counterfeiting. The container may be of a single colour or multi-coloured. The trademark, logo or other distinguishing feature may be of the same colour and/or material as the rest of the container or a different colour and/or material as the rest of the container. In some examples, the container may be provided with packaging, such as a box or a pallet. In some examples, the packaging may be provided for a plurality of containers, and in some examples a box and/or a pallet may be provided for a plurality of containers.

[0172] With reference to the drawings in general, it will be appreciated that schematic functional block diagrams are used to indicate functionality of apparatuses, elements and systems described herein. It will be appreciated however that the functionality need not be divided in this way, and should not be taken to imply any particular structure of hardware other than that described and claimed below. The function of one or more of the elements shown in the drawings may be further subdivided, and/or distributed throughout apparatuses, elements and systems of the disclosure. In some embodiments the function of one or more elements shown in the drawings may be integrated into a single functional unit.

[0173] The above embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples. Further embodiments are envisaged. It is to be understood that any feature (such as valves, pumps, ports, control apparatus, sensors, as non-limiting examples) described in relation to any one embodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other features described, and may also be used in combination with one or more features of any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of the embodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described above may also be employed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.

[0174] In some examples, one or more memory elements can store data and/or program instructions used to implement the operations described herein. Embodiments of the disclosure provide tangible, non-transitory storage media comprising program instructions operable to program a processor to perform any one or more of the methods described and/or claimed herein and/or to provide data processing and/or controlling of fluid distribution apparatus as described and/or claimed herein.

[0175] The activities and apparatuses, elements and systems outlined herein may be implemented using control apparatus and/or processors which may be provided by fixed logic such as assemblies of logic gates or programmable logic such as software and/or computer program instructions executed by a processor. Other kinds of programmable logic include programmable processors, programmable digital logic (for example, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM)), an application specific integrated circuit, ASIC, or any other kind of digital logic, software, code, electronic instructions, flash memory, optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD ROMs, magnetic or optical cards, other types of machine-readable mediums suitable for storing electronic instructions, or any suitable combination thereof.