LOW-PROFILE POINTING STICK

[0001] This application claims priority to and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/180,177, filed on Feb. 13, 2014, entitled “Low-Profile Pointing Stick,” which is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/180,207, filed on Feb. 13, 2014, entitled “Low-Profile Pointing Stick,” the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety.

[0002] A pointing device is an input interface that allows a user to input continuous and multi-dimensional data to a computer. The pointing device can facilitate user input of gestures such as pointing, clicking, or dragging. In response to user input, the gestures are translated by a computing device and used to modify a user interface, often by movement of a relative position of a pointer or cursor on the user interface. For example, if a user interacts with the input interface, such as a touchpad, by moving two fingers in a downwards or upwards motion, the user interface may show a scrolling motion on the currently active page. Two commonly used pointing devices are touchpads (also called trackpads) and pointing sticks.

[0003] Touchpads are pointing devices that are commonly used for notebook computers. Typically, touchpads have a touch sensor for receiving user input. The touch sensor is configured to enable translation of a position of a user's finger that is detected by the touch sensor to a relative position on a user interface. Touchpads are typically flat (planar) and have a relatively thin form factor. However, touchpads often require a user to repeatedly reposition his or her finger and/or hand when the user desires to move a cursor a long distance across a user interface.

[0004] On the other hand, pointing sticks (e.g., Trackpoint® developed by IBM®, etc.) are small joysticks that are often manipulated by a user's finger and are used to control a cursor or other representation on a user interface. Typically, a pointing stick has a vertical shaft and/or spring-mechanisms that “auto-center” the pointing stick after use. Unlike touchpads, pointing sticks do not require repositioning of a user's finger and/or hand on the pointing stick while the user interacts with the pointing stick. While pointing sticks have a small lateral footprint, the depth that the shaft extends below the top of the pointing stick (i.e., effective height) cannot be easily reduced without compromising functionality, such as an auto-centering feature. Accordingly, it is currently impractical to implement pointing sticks with a relatively thin form factor, which may be desirable for use with thin and light notebook computers such as ultrabooks.

[0005] Furthermore, some pointing sticks can be coupled to a sensor having an input surface. The input surface can detect an input in response to a user action. In at least one embodiment, the sensor can be a resistive sensor including one or more electrodes. In current embodiments, pointing stick and sensor combinations require the use of significant force to trigger an operational response (e.g., the translation of gestures by a computing device to modify a user interface) and the operational response is dull and harsh. This is especially true for initial interactions with pointing sticks. Currently, efforts to improve the operational response require pointing stick profiles that are undesireable for use with thin and light notebook computers such as ultrabooks.

[0006] Some pointing devices measure optical-flow through a small hole mounted on an upper tactile surface of a pointing device. Such devices are optical sensor-type pointing devices (e.g., Optical TrackPoint® developed by IBM®, etc.). Optical sensor-type pointing devices typically have a small footprint and are suitable for portable devices. However, optical sensor-type pointing devices lack an auto-centering mechanism and accordingly, require repositioning by the user of the device.

[0007] A low-profile, small-footprint pointing device is described herein. The pointing device can include a sensor with an input surface to detect a user's tactile interaction, and an apparatus to interface with the input surface and receive the user's tactile action. The sensor can have a depressed portion. The apparatus can include a body that allows controlled displacement during the user's tactile interaction, a tactile surface coupled to a first side of the body that is configured to receive the user's tactile interaction, and a base surface affixed to a second side of the body that is opposite the first side. The base surface can adhere the body to the input surface and be configured to translate to the input surface at least a force from the controlled displacement of the body. The second side of the body and the base surface can have a substantially same cross-sectional shape as the depressed portion of the sensor.

[0008] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that is further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0048] A low-profile, small-footprint gel-based pointing device is described herein. In various embodiments, the gel-based pointing device described herein includes a gel-based body, a tactile surface affixed to a first side of the gel-based body, and a base surface affixed to a second side of the gel-based body that is opposite the first side. The tactile surface is configured to receive an input from a user. The base surface affixes the gel-based body to a sensor surface. In some embodiments, the gel-based pointing device described herein further includes a sensor for receiving the gel-based pointing device and a detector for detecting changes in at least one of resistance, capacity, pressure, lateral position, and/or vertical position in response to movement of the pointing device.

[0049] The apparatuses, techniques, and systems described herein may be implemented in a number of ways. Example implementations are provided below with reference to the following figures.

[0050] FIG. 1A shows low-profile, small-footprint gel-based pointing device 100. In at least one embodiment, the gel-based pointing device 100 includes a gel-based body 102, a tactile surface 104 affixed to a first side of the gel-based body 102, and a base surface 106 affixed to a second side of the gel-based body 102 that is opposite the first side of the gel-based body 102. In at least some embodiments, the pointing device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A can have a lateral cross-sectional width (e.g., diameter, etc.) such that the pointing device 100 can fit between one or more keys on a keyboard (e.g., 3 mm to 10 mm), possibly with slight modification of a shape of the keys (e.g., minor cutouts on one or more keys, etc.). Furthermore, the thickness of the pointing device 100 can be selected such that the pointing device 100 can be installed in devices that have relatively thin form factors to accommodate the pointing device (e.g., spacing height approximately 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm).

[0051] In at least one embodiment, the gel-based body 102 can be made out of gel material (e.g., urethane, silicone, acryl, etc.). The gel material can be durable to minimize physical deformation. The gel-based body 102 can vary in width (e.g., diameter, etc.), height (i.e., thickness), and hardness. The width, height, and hardness of the gel-based body can affect the extent the gel-based body deforms under a given amount of force applied by a user. In at least one embodiment, the gel material can be a soft gel material defined by a softness attribute associated with an amount of deformation of the gel when subjected to a known force. However, the gel material may be formed with various degrees of softness/hardness as specified to provide a best performance using design considerations where an overly soft gel may be subject to excessive deformation and possibly a higher failure rate (e.g., tearing of the gel, etc.) as compared to an overly hard gel that may be too stiff to allow perceivable tactile deformation by a user. For example, in at least one embodiment, a softer gel material can provide great deformation with a small amount of user input force. In some embodiments, a harder gel material can have less deformation based on the same amount of user input force. To achieve the desired hardness, the gel material can be cured by mixing the gel material with a curing agent, increasing a temperature of the gel material, exposing the gel material to ultraviolet (UV) rays, some combination of the preceding, or by other techniques.

[0052] In various embodiments, the gel material can be transparent or opaque. In some embodiments, a transparent gel may be selected for use so that an optical lens can capture imagery of a user's finger or an optically patterned film when the gel is between the optical lens and the user's finger or the optically patterned film. In at least one embodiment, the gel can have resistance to UV rays to prevent the gel material from yellowing. The gel material can be conductive or nonconductive (dielectric). In at least some embodiments, the conductivity of the gel material can be specified by design considerations.

[0053] In some embodiments, the gel-based body 102 may be formed in a disc shape having a diameter as a width. However, other shapes and sizes may be used. In at least some embodiments, the gel-based body 102 can have a spool or hourglass shape such that the perimeter of the gel-based body 102 near the tactile surface 104 and the base surface 106 has a larger diameter than the center of the gel-based body 102. In other words, the gel-based body 102 can have a concave curve. In other embodiments, the gel-based body 102 can have a generally rectangular shape and a gel-based pointing device 100 having a generally rectangular shape can be affixed to a sensor vertically or horizontally. In some embodiments, the gel-based body 102 can have an “X” or cross-shape. Additionally, the gel-based body 102 can have a generally square or octagonal shape. In some embodiments, the gel-based body 102 can have a customized shape. The gel-based body 102 can vary in height, width, and thickness. In at least some embodiments, a gel-based body 102 having a disc shape can have varying vertical thickness resulting in different cylinders having different heights. In at least other embodiments, a gel-based body 102 having a generally rectangular shape can have a vertical thickness resulting in a gel-based bar-like pointing device that can be affixed vertically or horizontally to a sensor. Furthermore, one or more gel-based pointing devices can be aligned next to one another on a sensor.

[0054] In at least one embodiment, the gel-based body 102 has a tactile surface 104 affixed to a first side of the gel-based body 102. The tactile surface 104 is configured to receive a touch input from a finger of a user. In some embodiments, the tactile surface 104 can be a high friction surface to minimize finger-slip during user input. As a non-limiting example, the tactile surface 104 can be made of a high-friction dimple coating, a high friction fabric surface, a rubber material, or some combination of the preceding. In at least some embodiments, the tactile surface 104 can include a thin film to assist with stabilization and preventing deformation of the gel-based body. In at least one embodiment, the thin film can be made of plastic material (e.g., Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), etc.). The tactile surface 104 can be conductive or nonconductive (dielectric). In at least some embodiments, the conductivity of the tactile surface 104 can be specified by design considerations.

[0055] In some embodiments, the tactile surface 104 can be attached to the gel-based body 102 in a variety of ways. For instance, FIG. 10A is a side elevation view of a pointing device 1000 showing an embodiment where the tactile surface 104 is associated with a surface component 1002 that is coupled to a first side of a body 1004, such as gel-based body 102. FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the pointing device 1000 taken along line B-B of FIG. 10A. In such embodiments, the first side of the body 1004 can comprise and/or be affixed to a thin film 1006 to assist with stabilization and prevent deformation of the body 1004. In at least one embodiment, the thin film 1006 can be made of plastic material (e.g., PET, ABS, PP, PE, PC, PS, etc.), as described above.

[0056] The surface component 1002 is configured to receive a touch input from a finger of a user. In some embodiments, the surface component can have a tactile surface 104, as described above. The surface component 1002 can have a same cross-sectional shape, parallel to a longitudinal axis, as the body 1004 or a different cross-sectional shape, parallel to a longitudinal axis, as the body 1004. For instance, as a non-limiting example, if the body 1004 has a substantially disc-shaped cross-sectional shape, the surface component 1002 can also have a substantially disc-shaped cross-sectional shape. Alternatively, as another non-limiting example, the body 1004 can have a substantially square-shaped cross-sectional shape and the surface component 1002 can have a substantially disc-shaped cross-sectional shape. In at least one embodiment, at least the first side of the body 1004 can have a substantially same cross-sectional shape as the surface component 1002 such that the first side of the body 1004 can be immediately adjacent to a bottom surface of the surface component 1002 and/or the additional and/or alternative thin film 1008, described below. In alternative embodiments, the first side of the body 1004 can have a different cross-sectional shape as the surface component 1002 such to cause a space between the body 1004 and the surface component 1002. In some embodiments, the surface component 1002 can touch the body 1004 in a number of discrete locations. For instance, in at least one embodiment, the surface component 1002 can contact the body 1004 along the perimeter of the body 1004, on each angle of the body 1004, etc. In other embodiments, the surface component 1002 can touch the body 1004 substantially in its entirety, as if to house at least a portion of the body 1004. The surface component 1002 can be coupled to portions of the body 1004 via an adhesive, etc. However, the surface component 1002 can be coupled to the body 1004 using other known techniques besides adhesion. In some embodiments, space between the surface component 1002 and the top side of the body 1004 can be filled by an adhesive or other material that can fill the space and also serve to couple the surface component 1002 to the body 1004. The coupling of the surface component 1002 and the body 1004 can ensure that touch input received by the surface component 1002 can be transferred to the body 1004.

[0057] In at least one embodiment, the top of the surface component 1002 can have convex curvature (e.g., a dome or a disc-shaped cross-sectional shape). In such embodiments, the surface component 1002 can have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the body 1004. The surface component 1002 can be positioned such that the top of the curve substantially aligns with the center of the body 1004 and portions of the surface component 1002 extend beyond the body 1004, as illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B. In some embodiments, the surface component 1002 can be associated with a lift value, illustrated as a dashed line and identified as A, at the center of the surface component 1002 that causes the convex curvature. The A can represent the rise or change in height between a plane parallel to the perimeter of the surface component and a plane parallel to a highest point of the surface component 1002 when the pointing device 1000 is in a default position, free of any external pressure or force. In other embodiments, the surface component 1002 can be substantially flat (e.g., no lift) and immediately adjacent to the first side of the body 1004, similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C.

[0058] The surface component 1002 can be associated with an additional and/or alternative thin film 1008 to assist with stabilization and prevent deformation. The additional and/or alternative thin film 1008 can be made of plastic material (e.g., PET, ABS, PP, PE, PC, PS, etc.), etc. and can have a substantially same curvature as the surface component 1002. The additional and/or alternative thin film 1008 can be located between the surface component 1002 and the first side of the body 1004 and/or thin film 1006 that is affixed to the first side of the body 1004.

[0059] Returning to FIG. 1A, in at least one embodiment, the gel-based body 102 has a base surface 106 affixed to a second side of the gel-based body 102 that is opposite the first side. The base surface 106 may have at least one adhesive surface for coupling the gel-based pointing device 100 to an input sensor 108. However, the base surface 106 may be coupled to the input sensor 108 using other known techniques besides adhesion. The base surface 106 can be made of one or more materials and/or one or more layers. For example, the base surface 106 can include a thin film for stabilizing deformation. In at least one embodiment, the thin film can be located between the gel-based body and the adhesive. The thin film may be made of plastic material (e.g., PET, ABS, PP, PE, PC, PS, etc.). The base surface can be conductive or nonconductive (dielectric). In at least some embodiments, the conductivity of the base surface can be specified by design considerations.

[0060] The gel-based pointing device 100 can be coupled to a sensor 108 having an input surface. The input surface may detect an input in response to a user action. In at least one embodiment, the sensor 108 can include any of one or more electrodes, touch sensors, or optical sensors. Touch sensors may be at least one of a resistive sensor, a capacitive sensor, or an optical sensor.

[0061] FIGS. 1B and 1C show user interaction with a gel-based pointing device. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, a finger 110 of a user is interfacing with the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 100. In FIG. 1B, the finger 110 is not applying vertical or lateral pressure to the gel-based pointing device 100. As a result, the gel-based pointing device 100 is not vertically deformed or laterally deformed and applies or translates no force or no change in force to the sensor 108. In other words, the gel-based body 102 maintains its original or default shape that is caused by shape-memory of the gel that creates an auto-centering ability of the gel-based pointing device 100.

[0062] When a user applies lateral and/or vertical pressure to the gel-based pointing device 100, the gel-based pointing device 100 may deform as shown in FIG. 1C. As a result, the gel-based pointing device 100 displaces vertically or laterally in the direction of the input pressure caused by the user, and applies or translates a force or a change in force to the sensor 108. For example, in FIG. 1C, the finger 110 applies lateral pressure in the direction illustrated by the left-facing arrow 112. As a result, the gel-based body 102 is laterally deformed in the same direction that the lateral pressure is applied.

[0063] Once the user removes his or her finger 110 from the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 100, the gel-based pointing device 100 returns to its original shape, as shown in FIG. 1B, and applies or translates no force or no change in force to the sensor 108. The gel material can act as an auto-centering mechanism without a need for a mechanical spring.

[0064] In some embodiments, the gel-based pointing device 100 can include a support tether 114 (e.g., a string, wire, etc.) to avoid laterally overextending the gel-based body 102. The support tether 114 (or other mechanism) may limit an amount of the controlled displacement of the gel-based body in at least a lateral direction.

Illustrative Gel-Based Pointing Device in Combination with Resistive Sensors

[0065] FIG. 2A shows a gel-based pointing device 200 in combination with resistive sensors. In addition to the features of the gel-based pointing device 100 described above, gel-based pointing device 200 can include a force sensing resistive layer 202 to which the base surface 106 is coupled. The force sensing resistive layer 202 can change its resistance value or output according to pressure applied by the gel-based pointing device 200 in response to a user input. In some embodiments, the force sensing resistive layer 202 may include a resistive touch sensor. In various embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2B, the force sensing resistive layer 202 may include one or more electrodes 204. Returning to FIG. 2A, in at least one embodiment, the force sensing resistive layer 202 may be connected to a detector 206 for detecting or measuring resistance via the force sensing resistive layer 202, possibly via multiple electrodes. The detector 206 may determine the amount of force (or pressure) a user applies to the gel-based pointing device 100 and can output a gravity center force associated with a lateral displacement value and vertical pressure value to a processor. The gravity center force can be a resulting vector force having a magnitude and a direction expressed using Cartesian coordinates, polar coordinates, or other coordinate systems.

[0066] As described above, in at least one embodiment, the force sensing resistive layer 202 can include one or more electrodes 204. FIG. 10A is a side elevation view of a pointing device 1000 showing additional details of the force sensing resistive layer 202 that can be used for pointing device combinations with resistive sensors including the one or more electrodes 204. FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the pointing device 1000 of FIG. 10A, taken along line B-B of FIG. 10A.

[0067] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate a pointing device 1000 including a surface component 1002, as described above, a body 1004, the force sensing resistive layer 202, including the one or more electrodes 204, and the detector 206. The body 1004 is illustrated and described herein as a gel-based body 102; however, in some embodiments, the body may not be gel-based. The force sensing resistive layer 202 can include a force sensing resistive film 1010, a substrate layer 1012 including the one or more electrodes 204, and a mechanism 1014 for creating a gap between at least a portion of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012. The detector 206 can determine the amount of force (or pressure) a user applies to the gel-based pointing device 100 and can output a gravity center force associated with a lateral displacement value and vertical pressure value to a processor.

[0068] The force sensing resistive film 1010 can be a polymer thick film (e.g., 0.05 mm-1.25 mm, etc.) including electrically conducting and non-conducting particles in a matrix. The force sensing resistive film 1010 can exhibit a decrease in resistance with an increase in the force applied to the tactile surface 104. The force sensing resistive film 1010 can have a top surface coupled to a base surface 106 of the body 1004 and a bottom surface that is opposite the top surface. In at least one embodiment, a portion of the force sensing resistive film 1010 can be depressed (e.g., recessed, embossed, etc.). For the purpose of this discussion, the portion of the force sensing resistive film 1010 that is depressed can be called the depressed portion 1016. In at least one embodiment, the depressed portion 1016 can be permanently depressed when the pointing device 1000 is in a default position, that is, without any external pressures or forces. FIG. 10C is a top view a force sensing resistive film 1010 that can be included in a force sensing resistive layer 202 illustrated in FIG. 10A. The depressed portion 1016 can have a variety of shapes, for instance, the shape of the depressed portion 1016 can be substantially disc-shaped, substantially rectangular-shaped, substantially square-shaped, substantially ovular-shaped, asymmetrically-shaped, etc. In at least some embodiments, the shape of the depressed portion 1016 can be specified by design considerations.

[0069] As described above in the context of a gel-based body 102, the body 1004 can have a first side affixed to a tactile surface 104 and/or coupled to a surface component 1002, and a second side that is opposite the first side that can be affixed to a base surface 106. In such embodiments, the first side of the body 1004 can be a variety of shapes and/or have a variety of contours. That is, the first side of the body 1004 can have different cross-sectional shapes parallel to a longitudinal axis and/or a latitudinal axis. However, the second side and/or the base surface 106 can have a shape and/or a contour that corresponds to and/or complements the shape and/or contour of the depressed portion 1016. That is, the second side of the body 1004 and/or the base surface 106 can have a cross-sectional shape parallel to a longitudinal axis and/or a latitudinal axis that is the same as the cross-sectional shape parallel to a longitudinal axis and/or a latitudinal axis of the depressed portion 1016. The depressed portion 1016 and second side and/or the base surface 106 having a corresponding and/or complementary shape and/or contour can reduce the initial force required for the detector 206 to detect lateral and/or vertical displacement and enable the detector 206 to detect lateral and/or vertical displacement more efficiently. As a result, actions corresponding to the lateral and/or vertical displacement can operate more smoothly.

[0070] For instance, in at least one embodiment, the second side and/or the base surface 106 can have a concave curvature (e.g., a dome or disc-shaped cross-sectional shape). In some embodiments, the concave curvature of the second side and/or the base surface 106 can be a same or substantially same concave curvature as the concave curvature of the depressed portion 1016. In other embodiments, the second side and/or the base surface 106 can be a different concave curvature than the concave curvature of the depressed portion 1016. For instance, in such embodiments, the magnitude of the lift associated with the second side and/or the base surface 106 can be greater or less than the magnitude of the lift associated with the depressed portion 1016. That is, the change in height of the second side and/or the base surface 106 can be greater or less than the change in height of the depressed portion 1016. In other embodiments, the second side and/or the base surface 106 can have a counter-pyramid shaped depressed portion 1016 (e.g., an inverted triangular-shaped cross-sectional shape). A counter-pyramid-shaped depressed portion 1016 can be configured to receive a pyramid-shaped second side and/or the base surface 106.

[0071] In at least one embodiment, the body 1004 can be substantially disc-shaped, or have a base surface 106 that is substantially disc-shaped, and the body 1004 and/or the base surface 106 can have a particular diameter. In such an embodiment, the depressed portion 1016 of the force sensing resistive film 1010 can also be substantially disc-shaped. In the at least one embodiment, the depressed portion 1016 can have a concave curvature caused by a lift in the center of the force sensing resistive film 1010, as illustrated in FIG. 10B. The magnitude of the lift can be based at least partly on the magnitude of the gap created by mechanism 1014, described below. The magnitude of the lift can be greater than the magnitude of the gap such that the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film 1010 can contact the substrate layer 1012 at the center of the depressed portion 1016 absent any user interaction with the body 1004 (i.e., in a default position, as described above). The depressed portion 1016 can have a substantially same diameter as the particular diameter or a diameter that measures larger than the particular diameter. For non-disc-shaped bodies 1000, the depressed portion 1016 can have a substantially same height and width as the height and width associated with a corresponding body 1004 or a height and width that measure larger than the height and width associated with a corresponding body 1004.

[0072] The substrate layer 1012 can include the one or more electrodes 204. FIG. 10D is a top view of the one or more electrodes 204 that can be included in a force sensing resistive layer illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B. The one or more electrodes 204 can represent a sensor pad for detection of pressure applied to the body 1004. The substrate layer 1012 can have a top surface and a bottom surface, opposite the top surface. In at least some embodiments, the one or more electrodes 204 can include electrodes 204a-d to measure force indicating lateral translation of the body 1004, as described below in the discussion of FIG. 2B. Additionally, in at least some embodiments, the one or more electrodes 204 can include a center electrode 204e in the center of the circular electrodes 204a-d. In at least one embodiment, to facilitate smooth movement, a diameter of the center electrode 204e can be substantially the same diameter as the diameter of the body 1004. The center electrode 204e can be used to detect a downward force in a z-direction (into the page as shown in FIG. 2B). However, the electrodes 204a-d, in combination, can also be used to detect a downward force in the z-direction. Additional details about the one or more electrodes 204 are provided below.

[0073] A mechanism 1014 can be disposed between at least a portion of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012 such to adhere the force sensing resistive film 1010 to the substrate layer 1012 and create a gap between at least a portion of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012. The mechanism 1014 can create a gap between the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate 1012 at least around a perimeter of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and/or the substrate layer 1012. That is, the mechanism 1014 can separate the force sensing resistive film 1010 from the substrate 1012 near the edge of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and/or the substrate layer 1012 and the distance of separation between the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012 can decrease, and eventually be eliminated, closer to the center of the depressed portion 1016. The height of the mechanism 1014 can define the distance of separation near the edge of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and/or the substrate layer 1012. Additionally, the height of the mechanism 1014 can be used to determine the magnitude of the lift of the depressed portion 1016 that causes the concave curvature, in some embodiments. As described above, the magnitude of the lift of the depressed portion 1016 can be slightly greater than the height of the mechanism 1014 such that at least a portion of the depressed portion 1016 can contact the top surface of the substrate 1010 when the pointing device 1000 is in a default position.

[0074] In at least one embodiment, the mechanism 1014 can be an adhesive, such as a double sided adhesive tape. In such embodiments, the adhesive can adhere to the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the top surface of the substrate 1012. In at least one embodiment, the adhesive can substantially follow the perimeter of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and/or the substrate layer 1012 from a first position on the perimeter continuously to a second position on the perimeter. The first position and the second position can be positioned a particular distance apart such to cause an opening 1018 to enable air to escape responsive to interaction with the body 1004 and the force sensing resistive film 1010, as illustrated in FIG. 10D. In other embodiments, two or more pieces of adhesive can be arranged such to substantially follow the perimeter of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and/or the substrate layer 1012. The two or more pieces of adhesive can be arranged such to cause multiple openings to enable air to escape response to interaction with the body 1004 and force sensing resistive film 1010.

[0075] In some embodiments, and as illustrated in FIG. 11A, the adhesive 1100 can extend beyond the perimeter of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and/or the substrate layer 1012 at the first position and/or the second position. Extensions, such as extension 1102A and/or extension 1102B, can be useful for removing the adhesive 1100 and replacing the force sensing resistive film 1010 and corresponding body 1004. In at least one embodiment, the extension(s) 1102A and/or 102B can have a length such that a user and/or a device 1104 controlled by a user (e.g., tweezers, etc.) can grip the extension(s) 1102.

[0076] The force sensing resistive film 1010 and corresponding body 1004 can break or begin to show signs of use (e.g., worn dimples, etc.) over time. FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate steps of an example method for efficiently and easily replacing the force sensing resistive film 1010 and corresponding body 1004 without having to replace the substrate layer 1012. In FIG. 11A, a user and/or a device 1104 under the control of the user (e.g., tweezers, etc.) can grip an extension 1102A of the adhesive 1100 and begin pulling in a direction away from the opening 1018 or other extension 1102B. The user and/or a device 1104 under the control of the user (e.g., tweezers, etc.) can exert an amount of force by pulling the adhesive 1100 such that the adhesive 1100 stretches beyond a predetermined threshold and loses its adhesive properties, as illustrated in FIG. 11B. Arrow 1106 illustrates the direction in which the user and/or a device 1104 under the control of the user (e.g., tweezers, etc.) is pulling the adhesive 1100. As a result, the force sensing resistive film 1010 begins to uncouple from the substrate layer 1012. The user and/or a device 1104 under the control of the user (e.g., tweezers, etc.) can continue to exert force by pulling the adhesive 1100 and can rotate the direction of the force around the body 1004. As the user and/or a device 1104 under the control of the user (e.g., tweezers, etc.) continues to pull and rotate the adhesive 1100, the adhesive 1100 can continue to uncouple the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012. The user and/or a device 1104 under the control of the user (e.g., tweezers, etc.) can continue to exert the amount of force until the entire adhesive 1100 has been removed and the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012 are completely uncoupled, as illustrated in FIG. 11C.

[0077] Based at least in part on uncoupling the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012, a new force sensing resistive film 1010 and corresponding body 1004 can be associated with a new adhesive 1108. The force sensing resistive film 1010 and/or the substrate layer 1012 can have one or more positioning posts 1110 for properly positioning the new force sensing resistive film 1010 and corresponding body 1004 on the substrate layer 1012. The user can align the one or more positioning posts 1110 for adhering the new force sensing resistive film 1010 and corresponding body 1004 to the substrate layer 1012. The FIG. 11D illustrates setting the new force sensing resistive film 1010 and corresponding body 1004 being placed on the old substrate layer 1012. While FIGS. 11A-11D illustrate a substantially disc-shaped body 1004, the same technologies can be used with pointing devices having alternative shapes (e.g., substantially rectangular, substantially square, cross-shaped, etc.).

[0078] Returning to FIGS. 10A and 10B, in additional and/or alternative embodiments, the mechanism 1014 can be a thin plastic sheet. The thin plastic sheet can comprise, but is not limited to, plastic materials including PET, ABS, PP, PE, PC, PS, etc. In such embodiments, the thin plastic sheet can be coupled to the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the top surface of the substrate layer 1012 by various technologies such as, but not limited to, adhesion materials, thermal adhesion, etc. In such embodiments, the thin plastic sheet can include one or more openings (like opening 1018, above) for enabling air to escape responsive to interaction with the body 1004 and force sensing resistive film 1010, as described above.

[0079] The embodiment mechanisms 1012 for creating a gap described above are both external to the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012. Additionally and/or alternatively, the mechanism 1014 can be integral to the force sensing resistive film 1010 and/or the substrate layer 1012. For instance, the force sensing resistive film 1010 can include a raised portion in addition to the recessed portion 2008. The raised portion can be on the perimeter of the force sensing resistive film 1010 or some distance between the perimeter of the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the depressed portion 1016. Or, the substrate layer 1012 can include a raised portion to create the gap between the force sensing resistive film 1010 and the substrate layer 1012.

[0080] Returning to FIGS. 2A and 2B, responsive to a user applying pressure to the gel-based pointing device 200, the force sensing resistive material 202 changes its resistance value according to the applied pressure. The force sensing resistive material is connected to the detector 206. The detector 206 can measure the resistance between the one or more electrodes 204, e.g., ECT−EMP(=zEMP), ECT−EPP(=zEPP), ECT−EMM(=zEMM), ECT−EPM(=zEPM). A high pressure measurement can be indicative of low resistance. Once the detector determines the pressure being applied to the gel-based pointing device, the detector 206 can report a gravity center force associated with a lateral displacement value (x,y) and a vertical pressure value (z). Nonlimiting examples of converting equations (Equations 1-3) for the electrode placement include:

x=fx(1/zEPP+1/zEPM−1/zEMP−1/zEMM)  EQU. 1

y=fy(l/zEPP−1/zEPM+1/zEMP−1/zEMM)  EQU. 2

z=fz(1/zEPP+1/zEPM+1/zEMP+1/zEMM)  EQU. 3

wherein fx, fy, fz are predetermined functions.

[0081] Similar to the discussion of FIG. 1C, a finger 110 of a user can interface with the tactile surface 104 of a gel-based pointing device 200. When a user is not applying vertical or lateral pressure to the gel-based pointing device 200, the gel-based pointing device 200 is not vertically displaced or laterally displaced and the detector 206 does not detect a change in resistance. In other words, the gel-based body 102 maintains its original shape. The detector reports a default position (0,0) for the lateral displacement value (x,y) and (0) for vertical pressure value (z).

[0082] FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate a cross-sectional view of the pointing device 1000 of FIG. 10A, taken along line B-B of FIG. 10A. As described above, the depressed portion 1016 can be permanently depressed without any external forces and the magnitude of the lift can be greater than the magnitude of the gap such that the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film 1010 can contact the substrate layer 1012 at the center of the depressed portion 1016 absent any user interaction with the body 1004. In FIG. 12A, the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film 1010 is shown as contacting the substrate layer 1012 at the center of the depressed portion 1016 at 1200. For the purpose of this discussion, 1200 can be considered the default position. That is, when a user is not applying vertical or lateral pressure to the body 1004 and/or the surface component 1102, the force sensing resistive film 1010 can be in contact with the substrate layer 1012 and the detector reports a default position (0,0) for the lateral displacement value (x,y) and a vertical pressure value (z) below a threshold.

[0083] An example sensor output is illustrated below FIG. 12A. The center of circle 1202 represents the (x,y) sensor output (e.g., position) and the diameter of circle 1202 represents an amount of (z) sensor output (e.g., pressure). That is, a circle with a larger diameter represents a more forceful interaction with the pointing device 1000 and a circle with a smaller diameter represents a less forceful interaction with the pointing device 1000. In FIG. 12A, the sensor output corresponds to a (x,y) sensor output (e.g., position) of (0,0) and a (z) sensor output (e.g., pressure) that is below a threshold value.

[0084] Returning to FIG. 2A, in some embodiments, a user applies lateral and/or vertical pressure to the gel-based pointing device 200. As a result, the gel-based body 102 deforms vertically and/or laterally in the direction of the user's input pressure and there is a change in the resistance of the one or more electrodes 204. The detector 206 consequently determines the amount of pressure being applied by the user action and can report a gravity center of the pressure as a lateral displacement value (xd,yd) and a vertical pressure value (z). The processor calculates the displacement and adds the displacement to a current cursor position (x,y) with some adjustment such as x+=gx(xd), y+=gy(yd). Furthermore, the processor periodically scans the new displacement, and adds to the current cursor position. In addition, vertical pressure value (z) can be used to accelerate the cursor movement, such as x+=gx(xd)*gz(z), y+=gy(yd)*gz(z), wherein gx, gy, gz are predetermined functions. In at least one embodiment, pulsed pressure changes applied to the gel-based pointing device 200 can effectuate a “click” action.

[0085] In at least the embodiments described above, the gel-based pointing device also can be used as a three dimensional pressure sensor wherein the gx(xd), gy(yd), gz(z) values are directly reported to the processor.

[0086] Once the user removes his or her finger from the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 200, the detector 206 no longer detects an application of pressure. The gel-based pointing device 200 returns to its original shape and the default lateral displacement and vertical pressure values are reported.

[0087] FIG. 2B shows a gel-based pointing device 200 in combination with one or more sensor electrodes 204. The gel-based pointing device 200 is shown as transparent and located in the carved out space in the center of keyboard keys G (210a), H (210b), and B (210c). The one or more sensor electrodes 204 represent a sensor pad for detection of pressure applied to the gel-based pointing device 200. In at least some embodiments, the one or more electrodes 204 can include the electrodes 204a-d to measure force indicating lateral translation of the gel-based pointing device 200. Additionally, in at least some embodiments, the one or more electrodes 204 can include a center electrode 204e in the center of the circular electrodes 204a-d. The center electrode 204e may be used to detect a downward force in a z-direction (into the page as shown in FIG. 2B). However, the electrodes 204a-d, in combination, may also be used to detect a downward force in the z-direction.

[0088] In some embodiments, a fringe of curved out space or other surrounding structure of the gel-based pointing device 200 may avoid laterally overextending the gel-based pointing device 200.

[0089] In an embodiment lacking a center electrode 204e, the detector 206 measures resistance between the four circular electrodes 204a-d. When the one or more electrodes 204 lack a center electrode 204e, the resistance between the electrodes can be measured by alternative equations, e.g., EPP−EPM(=zXP), EMP−EMM(=zXM), EPP−EMP(=zYP), EPM−EMM(=zYM). In such an embodiment, nonlimiting examples of converting equations (Equations 4-6) for the one or more electrodes without a center electrode 204e include:

x=fx(1/zXP−1/zXM)  EQU. 4

y=fy(l/zYP−1/zYM)  EQU. 5

z=z(1/zXP+1/zXM+1/zYP+1/zYM),  EQU. 6

wherein fx, fy, fz are predetermined functions.

[0090] FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view of the pointing device 1000 of FIG. 10A, taken along line B-B of FIG. 10A, while engaged by a finger 110 of a user. Similar to the technologies described above in the context of FIG. 2A, in some embodiments, a user applies lateral pressure to the tactile surface 104. As a result, the body 1004 deforms laterally in the direction of the user's input pressure and there is a change in the resistance of the one or more electrodes 204. As shown in FIG. 12B, a finger 110 of a user is interacting with the pointing device 1000 by a force in the direction of arrow 1204. The body 1004 can deform laterally in the same direction as the input force. As a result, the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film 1010 is shown as contacting the substrate layer 1012 at 1206, a particular distance away from 1200, the default location. The detector 206 consequently determines the amount of pressure being applied by the user action and can report a gravity center of the pressure as a lateral displacement value (xd,yd). The processor calculates the displacement and adds the displacement to a current cursor position (x,y) with some adjustment such as x+=gx(xd), y+=gy(yd). Furthermore, the processor periodically scans the new displacement, and adds to the current cursor position. In at least the embodiments described above, the pointing device 1000 also can be used as a three dimensional pressure sensor wherein the gx(xd), gy(yd), gz(z) values are directly reported to the processor.

[0091] An example sensor output is illustrated below FIG. 12B. The center of circle 1208 represents the (x,y) sensor output (e.g., position) and the diameter of circle 1208 represents an amount of (z) sensor output (e.g., pressure). In FIG. 12B, the sensor output corresponds to a (x,y) sensor output (e.g., position) of (x,y) and a (z) sensor output (e.g., pressure). As illustrated, the (x,y) position corresponds to the lateral displacement from the default position (0,0) and the diameter of circle 1208 is slightly larger than the diameter of circle 1202, indicating more pressure is being applied by the user action than in the default position.

[0092] Once the user removes his or her finger from the tactile surface 104 of the pointing device 1000, the detector 206 no longer detects an application of pressure. The pointing device 1000 returns to its original shape and the default lateral displacement values are reported. As a result, the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film 1010 can return to contacting the substrate layer 1012 at the center of the depressed portion 1016 at 1200, the default position.

[0093] FIG. 12C is a cross-sectional view of the pointing device 1000 of FIG. 10A, taken along line B-B of FIG. 10A, while engaged by a finger 110 of a user. FIG. 12C shows user interaction with the tactile surface 104 wherein the user is applying vertical pressure in the direction of arrow 1210. Similar to the technologies described above in the context of FIG. 2A, based at least in part on a user applying vertical pressure to the tactile surface 104, the body 1004 deforms vertically and there is a change in the resistance of the one or more electrodes 204. The body 1004 deforms vertically in an amount proportional to the magnitude of the input force. As a result, the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film 1010 is shown as contacting the substrate layer 1012 at the center of the depressed portion 1016 at 1200, the default location. The detector 206 consequently determines the amount of pressure being applied by the user action and can report a gravity center of the pressure as a vertical pressure value (z). In addition, vertical pressure value (z) can be used to accelerate the cursor movement, such as x+=gx(xd)*gz(z), y+=gy(yd)*gz(z), wherein gx, gy, gz are predetermined functions. Additionally and/or alternatively, pulsed pressure changes applied to the pointing device can effectuate a “click” action. In some embodiments, the “click” action can be effectuated based at least in part on the vertical pressure value (z) exceeding a predetermined threshold value. In at least the embodiments described above, the pointing device 1000 also can be used as a three dimensional pressure sensor wherein the gx(xd), gy(yd), gz(z) values are directly reported to the processor. Once the user removes his or her finger from the tactile surface 104 of the pointing device 1000, the detector 206 no longer detects an application of pressure. The pointing device 1000 returns to its original shape and default vertical pressure values are reported.

[0094] An example sensor output is illustrated below FIG. 12C. The center of circle 1212 represents the (x,y) sensor output (e.g., position) and the diameter of circle 1208 represents an amount of (z) sensor output (e.g., pressure). In FIG. 12C, the sensor output corresponds to a (x,y) sensor output (e.g., position) of (0,0) and a (z) sensor output (e.g., pressure). As illustrated, the (x,y) position corresponds to the default position (0,0) and the diameter of circle 1212 is significantly larger than the diameter of circle 1202 or 1208, indicating more pressure is being applied by the user action than in the default position or the user action corresponding to FIG. 12B.

[0095] In at least one embodiment, a user can interact with a pointing device 1000 by applying both lateral and vertical pressure. In such embodiments, the body 1004 deforms vertically and/or laterally in the direction of the user's input pressure and there is a change in the resistance of the one or more electrodes 204. The detector 206 consequently determines the amount of pressure being applied by the user action and can report a gravity center of the pressure as a lateral displacement value (xd,yd) and a vertical pressure value (z). The processor calculates the displacement and adds the displacement to a current cursor position (x,y) with some adjustment such as x+=gx(xd), y+=gy(yd), as described above.

[0096] Returning to FIG. 2A, in at least one embodiment, the force sensing resistive layer 202 may be a conventional touchpad and the gel-based pointing device 200 may be adhered to the conventional touchpad. For example, the conventional touchpad may be a touchpad installed on a legacy device (e.g., existing notebook computer, etc.). The gel-based pointing device 200 may be coupled to the conventional touchpad of the legacy device. The conventional touchpad may detect pressure from user manipulation of the gel-based pointing device that is coupled to the conventional touchpad. In some embodiments, software executable on the legacy device (e.g., trackpad driver software, etc.) may be configured to detect input from the gel-based pointing device and translate the input into movement of a cursor, a click action, and/or other desired actions. In some embodiments, the gel-based pointing device 200 may include a signature to allow the software to recognize or detect the gel-based pointing device without requiring adjustment of settings. In various embodiments, other portions of the conventional trackpad, such as the portion that is not underneath or directly touching the gel-based pointing device 200, may be used in a conventional manner even while the gel-based pointing device 200 is coupled to the conventional trackpad.

[0097] Similar to the discussion of FIG. 1C, a finger of a user can interface with the tactile surface 104 of a gel-based pointing device 200. When a user is not interfacing with the tactile surface 104, the detector 206 may not report a change in position. In at least one embodiment, the weight of the gel-based pointing device 200 is insufficient for the touchpad to detect a presence.

[0098] In one or more embodiments, a user places his or her finger on the gel-based pointing device 200. The touchpad detects a presence when a predetermined change of resistance is detected and the detector reports an initial, or first, finger position (x0, y0).

[0099] In some embodiments, the user applies lateral and/or vertical pressure to the gel-based pointing device 200. As a result, the gel-based body 102 deforms and there is a change in the resistance of the one or more electrodes 204. Responsive to the applied vertical pressure, the gel-based pointing device 200 displaces vertically in the direction of the user's input pressure, as determined based on the touching area size. Responsive to the applied lateral pressure, the gel-based body 102 displaces laterally in the direction of the user's input pressure. The detector 206 consequently determines the amount of pressure being applied by the user action and can report a gravity center of the pressure as a second position including a lateral displacement value (x1, y1) and a vertical pressure value (z). Based on the determined second position, the processor calculates the displacement and adds to a current cursor position (x,y) with some adjustment such as, x+=gx(x1−x0), y+=gy(y1−y0). Accordingly, the cursor position is readjusted. The system periodically scans the new fingertip position, and updates the current cursor position.

[0100] In at least one embodiment, a user applies vertical pressure of a large area of contact. The vertical pressure value (z) or area of contact (w) can be used for accelerating cursor movement, modeled by equations (Equations 7-10) such as:

x+=gx(x1−x0)*gz(z)  EQU. 7

y+=gy(y1−y0)*gz(z) or  EQU. 8

x+=gx(x1−x0)*gw(w)  EQU. 9

y+=gy(y1−y0)*gw(w),  EQU. 10

wherein gx, gy, gz, and gw are predetermined functions. As described above, when the detector 206 detects pulsed change of vertical pressure (z) and/or the size of the area of contact (w), the detector may interpret such user action as a “click” function.

[0101] Once the user removes his or her finger from the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 200, the detector 206 no longer detects an application of pressure and the gel-based pointing device 200 returns to its original shape. Because the user is not interfacing with the tactile surface 104, the detector 206 does not report a position.

[0102] In at least the embodiments described above, the gel-based pointing device 200 also can be used as a three dimensional pressure sensor wherein the gx(x1−x0), gy(y1−y0), gz(z) and/or gw(w) values are directly reported to the processor.

Illustrative Gel-Based Pointing Device in Combination with Capacitive Sensor

[0103] FIGS. 3A and 3B show a gel-based pointing device in combination with a capacitive sensor. In addition to the features of the gel-based pointing device 100 described above, gel-based pointing device 300 can include additional components. In at least one embodiment, some or all of the components of gel-based pointing device 300 may be formed from electrically conductive materials. In at least one embodiment, gel-based body 102 can include an interior conductive material 302 that is electrically conductive such that an electrical field of a user that touches the conductive material can pass through the conductive material and be sensed by a capacitive sensor 306 when the conductive material is between the user and the capacitive sensor 306. The interior conductive material 302 can be made out of materials including, but not limited to, a conductive gel, a soft conductive rubber, a combination of the materials discussed above, or other materials. In other embodiments, gel-based body can include an exterior gel material 304 that may not be conductive. In at least some embodiments, the interior conductive material 302 and exterior material 304 can have different conductive properties.

[0104] Additionally, the tactile surface 104 can include a thin film for stabilizing deformation. For example, the tactile surface 104 can include a thin metal sheet. The thin metal sheet can provide increased mechanical and electrical stability. The tactile surface 104 can also include an upper conductive film for receiving an electrical charge from the user through the fingertip of the user. The base surface 106 can include a thin film for stabilizing deformation. In at least some embodiments, the base surface that includes the lower film and adhesive can have an inner hole so the conductive gel 302 can be in direct contact with the sensor 306.

[0105] In at least one embodiment, the gel-based pointing device 300 can be placed onto the center position of one or more electrodes (e.g., 204a-e). In at least one embodiment, a center electrode 204e connects to the upper conductive film via the interior conductive material 302. The gel-based pointing device 300 can be associated with a detector 206 for measuring capacitance and determining the amount of pressure applied by a user. As a nonlimiting example, the detector 206 measures four capacities by measuring ECT−EMP(=cEMP), ECT−EPP(=cEPP), ECT−EMM(=cEMM), and ECT−EPM(=cEPM). A high capacitance reading can be indicative of high pressure caused by user input. Based on the determined applied pressure, the detector reports a gravity center of the pressure as a lateral displacement value (x,y) and a vertical pressure value (z). The detector can use converting equations (Equations 11-13) including, but not limited to:

x=fx(cEPP+cEPM−cEMP−cEMM)  EQU. 11

y=fy(cEPP−cEPM+cEMP−cEMM)  EQU. 12

z=fz(cEPP+cEPM+cEMP+cEMM)  EQU. 13

wherein fx, fy, fz are predetermined functions.

[0106] Similar to the discussion of FIG. 1C above, a finger of a user can interface with the tactile surface 104 of a gel-based pointing device 300. When a user is not applying vertical or lateral pressure to the gel-based pointing device 300, the gel-based pointing device 300 is not vertically displaced or laterally displaced and the detector 206 does not detect a change in capacitance. In other words, the gel-based body 102 maintains its original shape and the detector reports a default position (0,0) for the lateral displacement value (x,y) and (0) for vertical pressure value (z).

[0107] In some embodiments, a user applies lateral and/or vertical pressure to the gel-based pointing device 300. As a result, the gel-based body 102 deforms vertically and/or laterally in the direction of the user's input pressure and there is a change in the capacitance of the one or more electrodes 204. As a result of the one or more measured changes in capacitance, the detector 206 consequently determines the amount of pressure being applied by the user action via a processor and can report a gravity center of the pressure as a lateral displacement value (xd, yd) and a vertical pressure value (z). Furthermore, the processor periodically scans the new displacement, and adds to the current cursor position. In addition, vertical pressure value (z) can be used to accelerate the cursor movement, such as x+=gx(xd)*gz(z), y+=gy(yd)*gz(z), wherein gx, gy, gz are predetermined functions. In at least one embodiment, pulsed pressure changes applied to the gel-based pointing device 200 can effectuate a “click” action.

[0108] Once the user removes his or her finger from the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 300, the gel-based pointing device 200 returns to its original shape and the detector 206 stops detecting a change in capacitance from an application of pressure. The default lateral displacement and vertical pressure values are reported. Accordingly, the default position is recorded.

[0109] In at least the embodiments described above, the gel-based pointing device also can be used as a three dimensional pressure sensor wherein the gx(xd), gy(yd), gz(z) values are directly reported to the processor.

[0110] In at least one embodiment, the capacitive sensor 108 may be a touchpad and the gel-based pointing device 300 may be adhered to the capacitive sensor touchpad, similar to the discussion above regarding the conventional touchpad and legacy computing device referenced with respect to FIGS. 2A and 2B. In such embodiments, software executable on a computing device can be used to detect user input via the gel-based pointing device.

[0111] Similar to the discussion of FIG. 1C above, a finger of a user can interface with a top surface of a gel-based pointing device 300. When a user is not interfacing with the top surface, the detector 206 may not report a position. In at least one embodiment, the capacitance and weight of the gel-based pointing device 300 are insufficient for the touchpad 306 to detect a presence when the user is not touching the gel-based pointing device.

[0112] In one or more embodiments, a user places his or her finger on the gel-based pointing device 300. The touchpad detects a presence when a predetermined change of capacitance is detected and the detector reports an initial, or first, finger position (x0, y0). As shown in FIG. 3A, the tactile surface 104 may be a conductive material that interfaces with the interior conductive material 302, which may be below the tactile surface 104, or the tactile surface 104 may surround the interior conductive material 302.

[0113] When combining with a capacitive sensor touchpad, similar structures as shown in FIG. 1A can also be used. In such embodiments, all components of the gel-based pointing device 100 can have conductivity for ensuring electrical connection between the capacitive sensor touchpad 108 and the finger 110.

[0114] In other embodiments, a user applies lateral and/or vertical pressure to the gel-based pointing device 300. As a result, the gel-based body 102 deforms and there can be a change in the capacitance of the one or more electrodes 204. Responsive to the applied vertical pressure, the gel-based pointing device 300 displaces vertically in the direction of the user's input pressure, as determined based on area of contact. Responsive to the applied lateral pressure, the gel-based body 102 displaces laterally in the direction of the user's input pressure. The detector 206 consequently determines a change in capacitance associated with the amount of pressure being applied by the user action and can report a gravity center of the pressure as a second position including a lateral displacement value (x1, y1) and a vertical pressure value (z). Based on the determined second position, the processor calculates the displacement and adds to a current cursor position (x,y) with some adjustment such as, x+=gx(x1−x0), y+=gy(y1−y0). Accordingly, the cursor position is readjusted. The system periodically scans the new fingertip position, and updates the current cursor position.

[0115] In at least one embodiment, a user applies vertical pressure of a large area of contact. The vertical pressure value (z) or area of contact (w) can be used for accelerating cursor movement, modeled by example equations (Equations 14-17) such as:

x+=gx(x1−x0)*gz(z)  EQU. 14

y+=gy(y1−y0)*gz(z) or  EQU. 15

x+=gx(x1−x0)*gw(w)  EQU. 16

y+=gy(y1−y0)*gw(w))  EQU. 17

wherein gx, gy, gz, and gw are predetermined functions. As described above, when the detector 206 detects pulsed change of vertical pressure (z) and/or the size of the area of contact (w), the detector may interpret such user action as a “click” function.

[0116] Once the user removes his or her finger from the surface of the gel-based pointing device 300, the gel-based pointing device 300 returns to its original shape and the detector 206 stops detecting a change in capacitance from an application of pressure caused by the user. Because the user is not interfacing with the surface, the detector 206 does not report a change in position.

[0117] In at least both of the embodiments described above, the gel-based pointing device 300 also can be used as a three dimensional pressure sensor wherein the gx(x1−x0), gy(y1−y0), gz(z) and/or gw(w) values are directly reported to the processor.

Illustrative Gel-Based Pointing Device in Combination with Optical Sensor

[0118] FIG. 4A shows a gel-based pointing device 400 in combination with an optical sensor. In addition to the features of the gel-based pointing device 100 described above, a gel-based pointing device 400 can include additional components. For example, in at least one embodiment, the gel-based pointing device 400 can include a transparent upper film that acts as the top surface. In some embodiments, the gel-based pointing device 400 can include an optically patterned film located under the upper film and on top of the gel-based body 102.

[0119] The gel-based pointing device 400 may include an optical sensor component including an optical lens 402 associated with the pointing device on the base surface of the gel-based pointing device 400. The optical lens 402 can facilitate recognition of user input on the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 400. The tactile surface 104 may include a smooth portion, such as a middle portion, that does not disrupt a direction of light passing through this portion of the tactile surface 104.

[0120] The optical sensor component can also include an image sensor 404. In at least one embodiment, the image sensor 404 can be proximate to the optical lens 402 on a side opposite the side of the optical lens 402 proximate to the base surface 106. The image sensor 404 can detect a user's tactile interaction with the tactile surface 104 by detecting relative displacement of the tactile surface 104. The image sensor 404 can be in communication with a processor for tracking and/or measuring displacement of the gel-based body 102 as a result of user input action detected by the image sensor.

[0121] When the gel-based pointing device 400 is in combination with the optical lens 402 and the image sensor 404, some or all of the components can be at least partially transparent such that the image sensor 404 can capture imagery of a user's finger (e.g., fingerprint, etc.) and/or an optically patterned film in the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 400 through the gel-based body 102 and one or more base layers of the gel-based pointing device 400 when the gel is between the optical lens 402 and the user's finger. In at least one embodiment, the image sensor 404 may be configured to recognize and identify a user's fingerprint through the tactile surface 104, gel-based body 102, and one or more base layers 106 of the gel-based pointing device 400. As a result, the functionality of the gel-based pointing device 400 and/or other devices, operations, etc. can be restricted to users of the gel-based pointing device 400 that have fingerprint associated with an authorized user. Thus, the image sensor 404 can be used for authentication.

[0122] FIG. 4A shows top-view of a gel-based pointing device 400 in combination with an optical sensor. FIG. 4B depicts the gel-based pointing device 400 including the optical lens 402 and the image sensor 404 shown in the carved out space in the center of keyboard keys G (210a), H (210b), and B (210c).

[0123] In some embodiments, the fringe of curved out space or other surrounding structure of the gel-based pointing device 400 may avoid laterally overextending the gel-based pointing device 400.

[0124] FIGS. 4C-E show user interaction with a gel-based pointing device in combination with an optical sensor. In at least some embodiments, the image sensor 404 can be associated with or located within a touch sensitive surface such that the touch sensitive surface can capture imagery of a user's finger when the gel is between the optical lens 402 and the user's finger. Similar to the discussion of FIG. 1C, a finger 110 of a user can interface with the tactile surface 104 of a gel-based pointing device 400. However, when a user is not interfacing with the tactile surface 104, the image sensor 404 may not capture an image as illustrated by the blank circle 406 (representing example imagery captured by the image sensor 404), and the image sensor 404 may not report a position.

[0125] In some embodiments, a user places his or her finger on the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 400. As a result, the image sensor 404 captures an initial image as illustrated by circle 408 (representing example imagery captured by the image sensor 404) and the image sensor 404 determines an initial position. The detector reports a default, or first, position (MO) (0,0) for the lateral displacement value (x,y) and (0) for vertical pressure value (z).

[0126] In other embodiments, a user applies lateral pressure to the gel-based pointing device 400 as illustrated by the left facing arrow 412. As a result, the image slides as illustrated by circle 410 (representing example imagery captured by the image sensor 404) and the image sensor 404 determines a second position (Md). Then, the image sensor 404 compares the first position (MO) with the second position (Md) and calculates the optical flow between the first position (MO) and the second position (Md). The image sensor 404 reports and/or outputs one or more signals indicating a direction and magnitude of the displacement (xd,yd) as determined by comparing the first position (MO) and the second position (Md). In some embodiments, the processor is configured to compare the first position (MO) with the second position (Md) and output the one or more signals as determined by comparing the first position (MO) and the second position (Md). The processor can calculate the displacement and add the displacement to a current cursor position (x,y) with some adjustment such as x+=gx(xd), y+=gy(yd), wherein gx and gy are predetermined functions. Furthermore, the processor periodically scans the new displacement, and adds to the current cursor position.

[0127] Once the user removes his or her finger 110 from the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 400, the image sensor 404 no longer captures an image and the image sensor 404 causes a termination in a change in position.

[0128] In at least one embodiment, the image sensor 404 can capture the optically patterned film, a reference point, or other location identifiers through the optical lens 402, instead of a fingerprint, to execute the process described above. In at least one embodiment, the optically patterned film 414 or other location identifiers may have partial-transparency.

[0129] FIGS. 4F and 4G are side elevation views of the illustrative gel-based pointing device of FIG. 4B before and during engagement by a finger of a user. The optically patterned film 414 is shown in the center of circle 416. Similar to the discussion of FIG. 1C, a finger 110 of a user can interface with the tactile surface 104 of a gel-based pointing device 400. When a user is not interfacing with the tactile surface 104, the image sensor 404 can capture a default image of the optically patterned film 414 as illustrated by the circle 416 (representing example imagery captured by the image sensor 404), and the image sensor 404 may not report a position. Alternatively, the image sensor 404 may report a default or first position, (MO) (0,0) for the lateral displacement value (x,y) and (0) for vertical pressure value (z).

[0130] In some embodiments, a user places his or her finger on the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 400. A user can apply lateral pressure to the gel-based pointing device 400 as illustrated by the left facing arrow 412. As a result, the image of the optically patterned film 414 slides as illustrated by circle 418 (representing example imagery captured by the image sensor 404) and the image sensor 404 determines a second position (Md). Then, the image sensor 404 calculates the optical flow between the first position (MO) and the second position (Md) and reports a direction and magnitude of the displacement (xd,yd). In some embodiments, the processor can calculate the displacement by comparing the first position (MO) and the second position (Md) and can output one or more signals indicating direction and magnitude of the displacement. The processor can calculate the displacement and add the displacement to a current cursor position (x,y) with some adjustment such as x+=gx(xd), y+=gy(yd), wherein gx and gy are predetermined functions. Furthermore, the processor periodically scans the new displacement, and adds to the current cursor position.

[0131] Once the user removes his or her finger 110 from the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 400, the image sensor 404 may discontinue capturing imagery and the image sensor 404 may causes a termination in a change in position.

[0132] In some embodiments, the detection of the fingerprint, or lack thereof, may cause a cursor to appear or disappear, respectively. Thus, a cursor controlled by the gel-based pointing device 400 may be visible when the gel-based pointing device 400 is in contact with the user via the user's finger 110. This may be employed in any type of configuration that can detect a touch of the user, including use of the capacitive sensor.

[0133] In at least one embodiment, a user interfaces with the tactile surface 104 for a short duration (e.g., less than a threshold number of milliseconds). As a result, the fingertip image can only be captured for that short duration and the detector detects such user action as a “click” function.

[0134] In some embodiments, the calculated optical flow between (Md) and (MO) can have a rotational component (r). In such embodiments, the rotational component (r) can be used for other operations such as zooming, rotating, etc.

[0135] FIGS. 5A-C show additional embodiments of a gel-based pointing device. A gel-based pointing device 500 can have similar features of gel-based pointing device 100 described above. However, in at least one embodiment, the width or diameter of the base surface 106 of gel-based pointing device 500 can be less than the width or diameter of the gel-based body 102 creating an overhang of the gel-based body 102 over the base surface 106. The varying widths or diameters of the base surface 106 and the gel-based body 102 can enlarge the center of gravity of the gel-based pointing device 500 and increase sensitivity.

[0136] As shown in FIGS. 5B-C, similar to the discussion of FIG. 1C, a finger 110 of a user can interface with the tactile surface 104 of a gel-based pointing device 500. As shown in FIG. 5A, when a user is not applying vertical or lateral pressure to the gel-based pointing device 500, the gel-based pointing device 500 is not vertically displaced or laterally displaced. In other words, the gel-based body 102 maintains its original shape. The detector reports a default position (0,0) for the lateral displacement value (x,y) and (0) for vertical pressure value (z).

[0137] In some embodiments, a user applies lateral and/or vertical pressure to the gel-based pointing device 500. FIG. 5B shows user interaction with the gel-based pointing device 500 wherein the user is applying lateral pressure in the direction of left-facing arrow 502. When a user applies lateral movement, a rear section of the gel-based body 102 perimeter moves away from the sensor 504 (see arrow 506). Simultaneously, a front section of the gel-based body 102 perimeter opposite the rear section moves toward the touch sensitive surface (see arrow 508). Depending on the amount of pressure applied by the user, the front section of the gel-based body 102 perimeter can touch the sensor at an intersection 510.

[0138] FIG. 5C shows user interaction with the gel-based pointing device 500 wherein the user is applying vertical pressure in the direction of arrow 512. When a user applies vertical pressure, the perimeter of the gel-based body 102 moves toward the sensor 504 such that the gel-based body 102 perimeter touches the sensor surface in a plurality of locations at intersections 514 and 516.

[0139] Once the user removes his or her finger 110 from the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 500, the detector 206 no longer detects an application of pressure and the gel-based body 102 returns to its original shape.

[0140] In at least one embodiment, the sensor 504 may be a touchpad and the gel-based pointing device 200 may be coupled (e.g., adhered, etc.) to the sensor touchpad. In such an embodiment, software executable on a computing device can be used to detect user input.

[0141] FIG. 6A shows another embodiment of a gel-based pointing device. Gel-based pointing device 600 can have similar features of the gel-based pointing device 100 described above. However, in at least some embodiments, the gel-based body of gel-based pointing device 600 can include a housing. In FIG. 6, the housing is shown as a cylinder 602. However, the housing can have different shapes and sizes, depending on the shape of the gel-based pointing device 600. In at least some embodiments, the housing cylinder 602 can be made of a material that is harder than the interior gel material 604. If the sensor 606 is a capacitive sensor or a capacitive touchpad, the housing cylinder 602 can be conductive, for example, the housing cylinder 602 can be made out of conductive rubber or other conductive materials having similar hardness. The housing cylinder 602 includes an interior gel material 604 that fills a center of the hollow part of the housing cylinder 602. If the sensor 606 is a capacitive sensor that has a center electrode such as 204e shown in FIG. 2B, the interior gel material 604 can be conductive and its footprint is equal to the center electrode 204e. In other embodiments, if the sensor 606 is a capacitive touchpad, the interior gel material 604 can be conductive. However, in other embodiments, for example in a resistive sensor, both the housing cylinder 602 and the interior gel material 604 can be conductive or nonconductive. In at least one embodiment, the housing cylinder 602 comes into direct contact with the sensor 606. The housing cylinder 602 interfaces with the sensor 606 possibly by sliding across a top surface of the sensor 606. The housing cylinder 602 is anchored to the sensor 606, or an intervening surface, by the interior gel material 604.

[0142] FIG. 6B shows user interaction with gel-based pointing device 600. Similar to the discussion of FIG. 1C, a finger 110 of a user can interface with the tactile surface 104 of a gel-based pointing device 600, which may be part of the housing cylinder 602. When a user is not applying vertical or lateral pressure to the gel-based pointing device 600, the gel-based pointing device 600 is not vertically displaced or laterally displaced and the sensor 606 does not detect a change in capacitance or resistance. In other words, the gel-based body 102 maintains its original shape. The detector reports a default, or first, position (0,0) for the lateral displacement value (x,y) and (0) for vertical pressure value (z).

[0143] When a user interfaces with the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 600, there can be a change in the capacitance or resistance sensed by the sensor 606. The sensor 606 consequently determines the center position (x0,y0) of the gel-based body 102.

[0144] In some embodiments, a user applies lateral pressure to the gel-based pointing device 600 as shown by the left-pointing arrow 608 in FIG. 6B. As a result, the housing cylinder 602 slides on the surface of the sensor 606 causing a change in capacitance or resistance of the sensor. The sensor 606 consequently determines the amount of pressure being applied by the user action via a processor and can report a gravity center of the pressure as a second position including a lateral displacement value, identifying a new center position (x1, y1) of the gel-based pointing device 600.

[0145] In some embodiments, the housing cylinder 602 can avoid laterally overextending the gel-based pointing device 600.

[0146] Once the user removes his or her finger 110 from the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 600, the sensor 606 may no longer detect an application of pressure. The gel-based pointing body 102 returns to its original shape and the detector reports the default position.

[0147] In at least one embodiment, the sensor 606 can be a touchpad and the gel-based pointing device 600 may be coupled (e.g., adhered, etc.) to the sensor touchpad. In such an embodiment, software executable on a computing device can be used to detect user input as discussed above.

[0148] The electrode placements and equations are not limited to those described above. The examples described above can be combined with a variety of keyboard mechanisms, for example, force sensing resistive, membrane, capacitive, and/or mechanical materials, or some combination of the above. In at least some embodiments, to reduce the cost of manufacturing, when one of the above listed materials is used for keyboard function, the same structure of electrodes and detector can be used for the gel-based pointing device.

[0149] FIGS. 7A-7C are top views of illustrative gel-based pointing devices having different shapes. As described above, the gel-based pointing device 700 can have different shapes and sizes. For example, FIG. 7A shows a top view of a gel-based pointing device 700 having a generally rectangular shape. A gel-based pointing device 700 having a generally rectangular shape can be affixed to a sensor vertically or horizontally. In some embodiments, a gel-based pointing device 700 can also have a generally square shape. FIG. 7B shows a top view of a gel-based pointing device having an “X” or cross-shape. FIG. 7C shows a top view of the gel-based pointing device having a generally octagonal shape. In some embodiments, the gel-based pointing device 700 can have a customized shape. Further, one or more gel-based pointing devices 700 can be aligned next to one another on a sensor.

[0150] In at least some embodiments, one or more gel-based pointing devices 700 can vary in height, width, and thickness.

[0151] FIGS. 8A-D show side elevation views of the gel-based pointing device of FIG. 7A having a vertical thickness resulting in a gel-based bar-like pointing device 800 that can be affixed horizontally or vertically to a sensor. In FIG. 8A, the gel-based pointing device 800 is horizontally affixed to a sensor. A user, via the user's finger, can interface with the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 800. In at least one embodiment, the user can apply pressure in a front to back and back to front direction to the gel-based pointing device 800. The applied pressure can cause displacement of the gel-based body 102 relative to the base surface 106, without the user's finger 110 moving relative to the tactile surface 104. The displacement, or deflection, can be detected by the detector and can translate to vertical movement (e.g., vertical sliding movement, etc.) of a cursor, etc.

[0152] FIG. 8B shows a side elevation view of the gel-based pointing device 800 that is affixed horizontally on a sensor. A user's finger 110 is interfacing with the gel-based pointing device 800 in a direction shown by arrow 802. The gel-based pointing device 800 deflects in the same direction as the applied pressure and vertical movement (e.g., vertical sliding movement, etc.) of a cursor, etc. can result. In at least other embodiments, the user may interface with the gel-based pointing device 800 that is affixed horizontally on a sensor by applying pressure in a left to right and right to left direction, wherein horizontal movement (e.g., horizontal sliding movement, etc.) of a cursor, etc. can result.

[0153] In FIG. 8C, the gel-based pointing device 800 is vertically affixed to a sensor. A user, via the user's finger, can interface with the tactile surface 104 of the gel-based pointing device 800. In at least one embodiment, the user can apply pressure in a left to right and right to left direction to the gel-based pointing device 800. The applied pressure can cause displacement of the gel-based body 102 relative to the base surface 106, without the user's finger 110 moving relative to the tactile surface 104. The displacement, or deflection, can be detected by the detector and can translate to horizontal movement (e.g., horizontal sliding movement, etc.) of a cursor, etc.

[0154] FIG. 8D shows a side elevation view of the gel-based pointing device 800 that is affixed vertically to a sensor. A user's finger 110 is interfacing with the gel-based pointing device 800 in a direction shown by arrow 804. The gel-based pointing device 800 can deflect in the same direction as the applied pressure and horizontal movement (e.g., horizontal sliding movement, etc.) of a cursor, etc. can result. In at least some embodiments, the user may interface with the gel-based pointing device 800 that is affixed vertically on a sensor by applying pressure in a front to back and back to front direction, wherein vertical movement (e.g., vertical sliding movement, etc.) of a cursor, etc. can result.

[0155] In at least some embodiments, a gel-based pointing device can have larger forms and replace at least part of a keyboard. For example, in at least one embodiment, a gel-based pointing device can overlay a button-switch, key-pad, or full keyboard. In such embodiments, three dimensional pressure can be sensed by the sensor and reported directly to a processor as described above. In at least some embodiments, one or more keytops have individual sensors. In at least other embodiments, all keytops are mounted on a single sensor or at least some keys share a single sensor. The sensor can be capacitive, resistive, or a combination of the two. Furthermore, in at least one embodiment, the sensor can be a touch surface sensor.

[0156] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the illustrative computing device 900 and the one or more components that can track displacement of a gel-based pointing device and cause updates to a graphical user interface, among other possible operations. The computing device 900 may include one or more processor(s) 902 and memory 904. The memory may be used to store instructions that, when executed by the processor(s) 902, cause the processor(s) to perform at least a portion of the processes described herein. The instructions may be stored in the memory 904 in the form of various components, modules, or other types of instructions that facilitate the processes described herein.

[0157] In accordance with some embodiments, the memory 904 may be used to receive information from a processor tracking displacement of a gel-based pointing device.

[0158] The illustrative computing device 900 includes example architecture having a hardware and logical configuration and that may incorporate or receive input using the gel-based pointing device disclosed herein. The environment described constitutes but one example and is not intended to limit application of the system described above to any one particular operating environment. Other environments may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. The various types of processing described herein may be implemented in any number of environments including, but not limited to, stand alone computing systems, mobile computing device, notebook computers, ultrabook computers, wearable computers, gaming consoles, remote controls, tablet computers, televisions, book reading devices, mobile telephones, music players, video players, and/or any other electronic device requiring user input for interaction with a graphical user interface. FIG. 9 illustrates a variety of devices and components that may be implemented in a variety of environments in which tracking displacement of a gel-based pointing device and reporting an associated position may be implemented.

[0159] The memory 904 may store an operating system 906, and one or more program modules 908, and one or more program data 910 running thereon.

[0160] Device 900 may include communication connection(s) for exchanging data with other devices, such as via a network, direct connection, and so forth. The communication connection(s) can facilitate communications within a wide variety of networks according to multiple protocol types, including wired networks (e.g., LAN, cable, etc.) and wireless networks (e.g., WLAN, cellular, satellite, etc.), the Internet and the like, which are not enumerated herein. Device 900 may also include at least one display device, which may be any known display device such as an LCD or CRT monitor, television, projector, touch screen or other display or screen device. Device 900 may also include input 912/output 914 devices, which may include a mouse and a keyboard, a remote controller, a camera, microphone, a joystick, and so forth. Furthermore, device 900 may also include output devices 914, such as speakers, printers, and the like that are able to communicate through a system bus or other suitable connection, which are not enumerated herein.

[0161] The memory 904, meanwhile, may include computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable storage media includes, but is not limited to computer-readable storage media for storing instructions such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data, which are executed by processors to perform the various functions described above. For example, computer-readable storage media may include memory devices, such as volatile memory and non-volatile memory, and removable 916 and non-removable 918 media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information. Further, computer-readable storage media includes, but is not limited to, one or more mass storage devices, such as hard disk drives, solid-state drives, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), removable media, including external and removable drives, memory cards, flash memory, floppy disks, optical disks (e.g., CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage), magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, storage arrays, storage area networks, network attached storage, or any other medium or combination thereof that can be used to store information for access by a computing device.

[0162] Generally, any of the functions described with reference to the figures can be implemented using software, hardware (e.g., fixed logic circuitry) or a combination of these implementations. The term “module,” “mechanism” or “component” as used herein generally represents software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware that can be configured to implement prescribed functions. For instance, in the case of a software implementation, the term “module” or “component” can represent program code (and/or declarative-type instructions) for performing specified tasks or operations when executed on a processing device or devices (e.g., CPUs or processors). The program code can be stored in one or more computer-readable memory devices or other computer-readable storage devices. Thus, the processes, logic and modules described herein may be implemented by a computer program product.

[0163] Although illustrated in FIG. 9 as being stored in memory 904, modules 908, or portions thereof, may be implemented using any form of computer-readable media that is accessible by device 900. Computer-readable media may include, for example, computer-readable storage media as described above and communications media. Computer-readable storage media is configured to store data on a tangible medium, while communications media is not.

[0164] In contrast to the computer-readable storage media mentioned above, communication media may embody computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave, or other transport mechanism.

[0165] Operating system 906 may further include other operating system components, such a user interface component, a kernel, and so forth. Further, memory 904 may include other modules, such as device drivers, and the like, as well as other data, such as data used by other applications 910.

[0166] In some embodiments, the operating system 906, or possibly other software, may include drivers 920 and/or an identity module 922. The drivers 920 may include drivers that detect a presence of the gel-based pointing device and/or process signals received in response to use of the gel-based pointing device. For example, the drivers 920 may allow a user to couple (e.g., adhere, etc.) a gel-based pointing device to a trackpad of a legacy device that does not come pre-equipped with the gel-based pointing device. The drivers 920 may recognize the gel-based pointing device based on one or more of a user input (e.g., control settings, etc.), detection of a unique signature of the gel-based pointing device, downloaded data, or by other techniques. The signature may be an optical signature, presence signature (e.g., capacitance signature, resistive signature, etc.), and so forth that allows the computing device, via the drivers 920, to recognize the gel-based pointing device. The drivers 920 may also process signals from the gel-based pointing device to cause interaction with the graphical user interface (e.g., movement of a cursor, clicking actions, etc.).

[0167] Meanwhile, the identity module 922 may enable a determination of an identity of a user, such as by determining or recognizing a user via a fingerprint or other identifier via the gel-based pointing device. For example, when the gel-based pointing device includes the optical sensor 404, the identity module 922 may obtain fingerprint data from a finger touching the gel-based pointing device. The identity module 922 may identify the user, such as via a whitelist, and provide control based on predetermined rules. (e.g., access controls, etc.).

[0168] The disclosure presented herein can be considered in view of the following clauses.

[0169] A. A pointing device comprising: a sensor having an input surface to detect a user's tactile interaction, the sensor having a depressed portion; and an apparatus to interface with the input surface and receive the user's tactile interaction, the apparatus including: a body that allows controlled displacement during the user's tactile interaction; a tactile surface coupled to a first side of the body, the tactile surface configured to receive the user's tactile interaction from a finger of the user that causes the controlled displacement of at least a portion of the body; and a base surface affixed to a second side of the body that is opposite the first side, the base surface adhering the body to the input surface of the sensor, the base surface configured to translate to the input surface of the sensor at least a force from the controlled displacement of at least the portion of the body in response to the user's tactile interaction, the second side of the body and the base surface having a substantially same cross-sectional shape as the depressed portion of the sensor.

[0170] B. The pointing device as paragraph A recites, wherein the sensor is a resistive sensor comprising a force sensing resistive layer adhered to the base surface.

[0171] C. The pointing device as paragraph B recites, wherein the force sensing resistive layer comprises: a force sensing resistive film; and a substrate comprising one or more electrodes in communication with the force sensing resistive film.

[0172] D. The pointing device as paragraph C recites, wherein the force sensing resistive layer further comprises a detector in communication with the one or more electrodes, the detector determining one or more values associated with an amount of pressure applied by the body in response to the user's tactile action.

[0173] E. The pointing device as paragraph C recites, wherein the force sensing resistive film is a top surface of the force sensing resistive layer and the force sensing resistive film comprises the depressed portion.

[0174] F. The pointing device as paragraph C recites, further comprising a mechanism disposed between at least a portion of the force sensing resistive film and the substrate such that a gap exists therebetween, wherein the mechanism is affixed to a bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film and a top surface of the substrate at or near a perimeter of at least one of the force sensing resistive film or the substrate.

[0175] G. The pointing device as paragraph F recites, where in the mechanism is affixed to the bottom surface of the force sensing resistive film and the top surface of the substrate starting at a first position on the perimeter of the at least one of the force sensing resistive film or the substrate and ending at a second position on the perimeter of the at least one of the force sensing resistive film or the substrate, the first position and the second position being a particular distance apart.

[0176] H. The pointing device as paragraph G recites, wherein at least a portion of the mechanism extends beyond the perimeter of the at least one of the force sensing resistive film or the substrate in at least one of the first position or the second position.

[0177] I. A pointing device comprising: a body to provide controlled displacement during a user's tactile interaction with the pointing device; a tactile surface coupled to a first side of the body, the tactile surface configured to receive the user's tactile interaction; and a base surface affixed to a second side of the body that is opposite the first side, the base surface adhering the body to a sensor surface, wherein: the base surface translates at least a force from the controlled displacement of the body in response to the user's tactile interaction; and the base surface has a substantially same cross-sectional shape as a cross-sectional shape of a depressed portion of the sensor surface configured to receive the base surface.

[0178] J. The pointing device as paragraph I recites, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the depressed portion is substantially disc-shaped.

[0179] K. The pointing device as paragraphs I or J recite, wherein: the sensor is a resistive sensor; and the resistive sensor comprises: a force sensing resistive film adhered to the base surface; a substrate including one or more electrodes in communication with the force sensing resistive film; and a mechanism adhering the force sensing resistive film to the substrate and separating at least a portion of the force sensing resistive film from the substrate, the mechanism having a particular height.

[0180] L. The pointing device as paragraph K recites, further comprising a detector in communication with the one or more electrodes, the detector determining one or more values associated with at least one of a lateral displacement, a vertical displacement, or an amount of pressure caused by the body in response to the user's tactile interaction.

[0181] M. The pointing device as paragraph K recites, wherein the force sensing resistive film comprises a top surface of the resistive sensor and the depressed portion.

[0182] N. The pointing device as paragraph K recites, wherein at least a portion of the depressed portion of the force sensing resistive film is in contact with the substrate when the body is in a default position.

[0183] O. The pointing device of as paragraph K recites, wherein the depressed portion has a lift in a center of the depressed portion that has a magnitude that is greater than the particular height of the mechanism.

[0184] P. The pointing device as any of paragraphs I-O recite, wherein the body comprises a gel material to form a gel-based body.

[0185] Q. The pointing device as paragraph P recites, wherein the gel-based body further includes a support tether that limits an amount of the controlled displacement of the tactile surface relative to the base surface in at least a lateral direction.

[0186] R. An apparatus comprising: a body to provide displacement during a touch input; a top surface coupled to a first side of the body, the top surface configured to receive the touch input from a user; a force sensing resistive layer configured to receive at least a force from the displacement of the body in response to the touch input, the force sensing resistive layer having a depressed portion; and a base surface coupled to a second side of the body that is opposite the first side, the base surface coupling the body to the force sensing resistive layer and having a substantially same cross-sectional shape as the depressed portion of the force sensing resistive layer, the base surface to translate at least the force from the displacement of the body in response to the touch input.

[0187] S. The apparatus as paragraph R recites, wherein the force sensing resistive layer comprises a force sensing resistive film coupled to a substrate including one or more electrodes via a mechanism having a particular height, the height corresponding to a distance between the force sensing resistive film and the substrate within a threshold distance of a perimeter of at least one of the force sensing resistive film or the substrate.

[0188] T. The apparatus as paragraph S, wherein the force sensing resistive film comprises the depressed portion and at least a portion of the depressed portion of the force sensing resistive film is in contact with the substrate when the body is in a default position.

[0189] The example environments, systems and computing devices described herein are merely examples suitable for some implementations and are not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the environments, architectures and frameworks that can implement the processes, components and features described herein. Thus, implementations herein are operational with numerous environments or architectures, and may be implemented in general purpose and special-purpose computing systems, or other devices having processing capability.

[0190] Furthermore, this disclosure provides various example implementations, as described and as illustrated in the drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the implementations described and illustrated herein, but can extend to other implementations, as would be known or as would become known to those skilled in the art. Reference in the specification to “one implementation,” “this implementation,” “these implementations” or “some implementations” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described is included in at least one implementation or embodiment, and the appearances of these phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same implementation.

[0191] In closing, although the various embodiments have been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodical acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended representations is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claimed subject matter.