Calibration State Variable

[0001] This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,493 filed Jun. 28, 2012, entitled “System and Method for Device Playback Calibration,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ filed Jul. 7, 2015, entitled “Calibration Indicator,” which are both incorporated herein in their entirety.

[0002] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0003] The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, to methods, systems, products, features, services, and other elements directed to media playback or some aspect thereof.

[0004] Options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loud setting were limited until in 2003, when SONOS, Inc. filed for one of its first patent applications, entitled “Method for Synchronizing Audio Playback between Multiple Networked Devices,” and began offering a media playback system for sale in 2005. The Sonos Wireless HiFi System enables people to experience music from many sources via one or more networked playback devices. Through a software control application installed on a smartphone, tablet, or computer, one can play what he or she wants in any room that has a networked playback device. Additionally, using the controller, for example, different songs can be streamed to each room with a playback device, rooms can be grouped together for synchronous playback, or the same song can be heard in all rooms synchronously.

[0005] Given the ever growing interest in digital media, there continues to be a need to develop consumer-accessible technologies to further enhance the listening experience.

[0021] Embodiments described herein involve, inter alia, techniques to maintain a calibration state of one or more playback devices across a media playback system by way of a calibration state variable. The calibration state variable may indicate the calibration status of one or more playback devices of the media playback system (i.e., whether a given playback device is calibrated). In some implementations, the calibration state may also indicate a calibration profile of one or more playback devices (e.g., a profile to equalize the response of a given playback device within a particular environment).

[0022] Within examples, a calibration state variable may be stored on a playback device and shared with other devices of the media playback system (e.g., playback devices and/or control devices). For instance, a given playback device of a media playback system may maintain in data storage a state variable (or collection of state variables) indicating the calibration state of the playback devices of the media playback system. The given playback device may share the calibration state variable(s) with other devices (e.g., the playback devices and/or the control devices) by transmitting an indication of the state variable(s) to the devices via a network interface. In some implementations, multiple instances of the calibration state variable(s) may be stored on multiple devices, which may provide redundancy across the media playback system, among other possible benefits.

[0023] Calibration state variables maintained by a media playback system may facilitate a playback device retaining its calibrated state through power-cycling (i.e., being powered off and subsequently being powered back on). For instance, after being powered-on, a first playback device may receive, from a second device, an indication of a calibration state variable corresponding to that first playback device. In some instances, the calibration state variable may indicate that the first playback device is calibrated. In such instances, the first playback device may configure itself with a pre-existing calibration profile (perhaps stored on the first playback device or on another device of the media playback system (e.g., the second device).

[0024] Calibration state variables may also trigger calibration of uncalibrated devices. For example, referring back to the example above, the calibration state variable corresponding to the first playback device may indicate that the first playback device is not calibrated. Receiving an indication of such a calibration state variable may trigger the first playback device to initiate a calibration procedure.

[0025] Some calibration procedures contemplated herein involve a control device of the media playback system detecting and analyzing sound waves (e.g., one or more calibration sounds) which were emitted by one or more playback devices of the media playback system. In some cases, such calibration sounds may facilitate the control device determining respective frequency responses of the one or more playback devices within a given environment. After determining such a response for a given playback device, the control device may instruct the given playback device to adopt a certain calibration profile (e.g., an equalization) that offsets the acoustics of the given environment.

[0026] Performing such a calibration procedure on a playback device may cause the media playback system to update a calibration state variable that corresponds to that playback device. For instance, a control device may perform a calibration procedure with a given playback device and then send an instruction to the one or more playback devices that are maintaining the calibration state variables which causes the calibration state variable that corresponds to the calibrated playback device to reflect that device's updated calibration status.

[0027] A calibration state variable that is stored by a playback device may be updated based on a variety of conditions. For instance, a playback device may lose its calibrated status when the playback device is joined with one or more additional playback devices into a bonded zone (e.g., a stereo pair or surround sound group), as the playback device may operate differently as a member of such a group. Further, since acoustics of an environment may vary from location to location within the environment, a playback device may lose its calibrated state when physical moved. For example, sensors on a playback device may sense a change in physical orientation or a movement to another location. As another example, a playback device that is moved to another zone (e.g., from a “Living Room” zone to a “Bedroom” zone) may lose its calibrated status, as such a zone change may create a presumption that the device has been moved to another physical location. Upon detecting such a condition with respect to a playback device, a device may update calibration state variable(s) to indicate a new calibration state of that playback device perhaps by updating its own calibration state variable(s) or by instructing other devices to update the calibration state variable(s).

[0028] A control device of a media playback system may display a graphical user interface that facilitates control of the playback devices of the media playback system. Such a graphical user interface may include one or more interfaces that include an indication of the calibration state variable(s) that correspond to the playback devices of the media playback system. In some embodiments, multiple interfaces may provide varying levels of information on the calibration state. For instance, a first interface may indicate that there is an issue with a particular playback device (or zone that includes the particular playback device). A second interface, possibly accessed via a control on the first interface, may indicate that the particular device is uncalibrated. One or more of the interfaces may provide a control to initiate calibration of the playback devices of the media playback system. A control device may keep the calibration status up to date by receiving an indication of the calibration state variable(s) from the playback device(s) that are maintaining the calibration state variable(s) for the media playback system.

[0029] As noted, example techniques may involve a calibration state variable. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method may involve receiving, via a network interface, an indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The method may also involve updating a calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is calibrated based on receiving the indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The method may further involve sending, via the network interface, an indication of the updated calibration state variable to a second device.

[0030] In another aspect, a device is provided. The device includes a network interface, at least one processor, a data storage, and program logic stored in the data storage and executable by the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, via the network interface, an indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The operations may also include updating a calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is calibrated based on receiving the indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The operations may further include sending, via the network interface, an indication of the updated calibration state variable to a second device.

[0031] In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory is provided. The non-transitory computer readable memory has stored thereon instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, via the network interface, an indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The operations may also include updating a calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is calibrated based on receiving the indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The operations may further include sending, via the network interface, an indication of the updated calibration state variable to a second device.

[0032] Further example techniques may involve a graphical user interface displaying an indication of a calibration state variable. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method may involve receiving, from a first playback device of a media playback system, a calibration state variable indicating that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The method may also involve causing a graphical interface to display an indication that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The method may further involve causing the graphical interface to display a selectable control that, when selected, initiates calibration of the first playback device and initiating calibration of the first playback device.

[0033] In another aspect, a device is provided. The device includes a network interface, at least one processor, a data storage, and program logic stored in the data storage and executable by the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, from a first playback device of a media playback system, a calibration state variable indicating that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The operations may also include causing a graphical interface to display an indication that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The operations may further include causing the graphical interface to display a selectable control that, when selected, initiates calibration of the first playback device and initiating calibration of the first playback device.

[0034] In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory is provided. The non-transitory computer readable memory has stored thereon instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, from a first playback device of a media playback system, a calibration state variable indicating that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The operations may also include causing a graphical interface to display an indication that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The operations may further include causing the graphical interface to display a selectable control that, when selected, initiates calibration of the first playback device and initiating calibration of the first playback device.

[0035] It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that this disclosure includes numerous other embodiments. It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that this disclosure includes numerous other embodiments. While some examples described herein may refer to functions performed by given actors such as “users” and/or other entities, it should be understood that this description is for purposes of explanation only. The claims should not be interpreted to require action by any such example actor unless explicitly required by the language of the claims themselves.

[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates an example configuration of a media playback system 100 in which one or more embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced or implemented. The media playback system 100 as shown is associated with an example home environment having several rooms and spaces, such as for example, a master bedroom, an office, a dining room, and a living room. As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the media playback system 100 includes playback devices 102-124, control devices 126 and 128, and a wired or wireless network router 130.

[0037] Further discussions relating to the different components of the example media playback system 100 and how the different components may interact to provide a user with a media experience may be found in the following sections. While discussions herein may generally refer to the example media playback system 100, technologies described herein are not limited to applications within, among other things, the home environment as shown in FIG. 1. For instance, the technologies described herein may be useful in environments where multi-zone audio may be desired, such as, for example, a commercial setting like a restaurant, mall or airport, a vehicle like a sports utility vehicle (SUV), bus or car, a ship or boat, an airplane, and so on.

[0038] a. Example Playback Devices

[0039] FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device 200 that may be configured to be one or more of the playback devices 102-124 of the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. The playback device 200 may include a processor 202, software components 204, memory 206, audio processing components 208, audio amplifier(s) 210, speaker(s) 212, and a network interface 214 including wireless interface(s) 216 and wired interface(s) 218. In one case, the playback device 200 may not include the speaker(s) 212, but rather a speaker interface for connecting the playback device 200 to external speakers. In another case, the playback device 200 may include neither the speaker(s) 212 nor the audio amplifier(s) 210, but rather an audio interface for connecting the playback device 200 to an external audio amplifier or audio-visual receiver.

[0040] In one example, the processor 202 may be a clock-driven computing component configured to process input data according to instructions stored in the memory 206. The memory 206 may be a tangible computer-readable medium configured to store instructions executable by the processor 202. For instance, the memory 206 may be data storage that can be loaded with one or more of the software components 204 executable by the processor 202 to achieve certain functions. In one example, the functions may involve the playback device 200 retrieving audio data from an audio source or another playback device. In another example, the functions may involve the playback device 200 sending audio data to another device or playback device on a network. In yet another example, the functions may involve pairing of the playback device 200 with one or more playback devices to create a multi-channel audio environment.

[0041] Certain functions may involve the playback device 200 synchronizing playback of audio content with one or more other playback devices. During synchronous playback, a listener will preferably not be able to perceive time-delay differences between playback of the audio content by the playback device 200 and the one or more other playback devices. U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395 entitled, “System and method for synchronizing operations among a plurality of independently clocked digital data processing devices,” which is hereby incorporated by reference, provides in more detail some examples for audio playback synchronization among playback devices.

[0042] The memory 206 may further be configured to store data associated with the playback device 200, such as one or more zones and/or zone groups the playback device 200 is a part of, audio sources accessible by the playback device 200, or a playback queue that the playback device 200 (or some other playback device) may be associated with. The data may be stored as one or more state variables that are periodically updated and used to describe the state of the playback device 200. The memory 206 may also include the data associated with the state of the other devices of the media system, and shared from time to time among the devices so that one or more of the devices have the most recent data associated with the system. Other embodiments are also possible.

[0043] The audio processing components 208 may include one or more digital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, an audio enhancement component or a digital signal processor (DSP), and so on. In one embodiment, one or more of the audio processing components 208 may be a subcomponent of the processor 202. In one example, audio content may be processed and/or intentionally altered by the audio processing components 208 to produce audio signals. The produced audio signals may then be provided to the audio amplifier(s) 210 for amplification and playback through speaker(s) 212. Particularly, the audio amplifier(s) 210 may include devices configured to amplify audio signals to a level for driving one or more of the speakers 212. The speaker(s) 212 may include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”) or a complete speaker system involving an enclosure with one or more drivers. A particular driver of the speaker(s) 212 may include, for example, a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), a mid-range driver (e.g., for middle frequencies), and/or a tweeter (e.g., for high frequencies). In some cases, each transducer in the one or more speakers 212 may be driven by an individual corresponding audio amplifier of the audio amplifier(s) 210. In addition to producing analog signals for playback by the playback device 200, the audio processing components 208 may be configured to process audio content to be sent to one or more other playback devices for playback.

[0044] Audio content to be processed and/or played back by the playback device 200 may be received from an external source, such as via an audio line-in input connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-in connection) or the network interface 214.

[0045] The network interface 214 may be configured to facilitate a data flow between the playback device 200 and one or more other devices on a data network. As such, the playback device 200 may be configured to receive audio content over the data network from one or more other playback devices in communication with the playback device 200, network devices within a local area network, or audio content sources over a wide area network such as the Internet. In one example, the audio content and other signals transmitted and received by the playback device 200 may be transmitted in the form of digital packet data containing an Internet Protocol (IP)-based source address and IP-based destination addresses. In such a case, the network interface 214 may be configured to parse the digital packet data such that the data destined for the playback device 200 is properly received and processed by the playback device 200.

[0046] As shown, the network interface 214 may include wireless interface(s) 216 and wired interface(s) 218. The wireless interface(s) 216 may provide network interface functions for the playback device 200 to wirelessly communicate with other devices (e.g., other playback device(s), speaker(s), receiver(s), network device(s), control device(s) within a data network the playback device 200 is associated with) in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wireless standard including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). The wired interface(s) 218 may provide network interface functions for the playback device 200 to communicate over a wired connection with other devices in accordance with a communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.3). While the network interface 214 shown in FIG. 2 includes both wireless interface(s) 216 and wired interface(s) 218, the network interface 214 may in some embodiments include only wireless interface(s) or only wired interface(s).

[0047] In one example, the playback device 200 and one other playback device may be paired to play two separate audio components of audio content. For instance, playback device 200 may be configured to play a left channel audio component, while the other playback device may be configured to play a right channel audio component, thereby producing or enhancing a stereo effect of the audio content. The paired playback devices (also referred to as “bonded playback devices”) may further play audio content in synchrony with other playback devices.

[0048] In another example, the playback device 200 may be sonically consolidated with one or more other playback devices to form a single, consolidated playback device. A consolidated playback device may be configured to process and reproduce sound differently than an unconsolidated playback device or playback devices that are paired, because a consolidated playback device may have additional speaker drivers through which audio content may be rendered. For instance, if the playback device 200 is a playback device designed to render low frequency range audio content (i.e. a subwoofer), the playback device 200 may be consolidated with a playback device designed to render full frequency range audio content. In such a case, the full frequency range playback device, when consolidated with the low frequency playback device 200, may be configured to render only the mid and high frequency components of audio content, while the low frequency range playback device 200 renders the low frequency component of the audio content. The consolidated playback device may further be paired with a single playback device or yet another consolidated playback device.

[0049] By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. presently offers (or has offered) for sale certain playback devices including a “PLAY:1,” “PLAY:3,” “PLAY:5,” “PLAYBAR,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any other past, present, and/or future playback devices may additionally or alternatively be used to implement the playback devices of example embodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, it is understood that a playback device is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG. 2 or to the SONOS product offerings. For example, a playback device may include a wired or wireless headphone. In another example, a playback device may include or interact with a docking station for personal mobile media playback devices. In yet another example, a playback device may be integral to another device or component such as a television, a lighting fixture, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use.

[0050] b. Example Playback Zone Configurations

[0051] Referring back to the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, the environment may have one or more playback zones, each with one or more playback devices. The media playback system 100 may be established with one or more playback zones, after which one or more zones may be added, or removed to arrive at the example configuration shown in FIG. 1. Each zone may be given a name according to a different room or space such as an office, bathroom, master bedroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room, living room, and/or balcony. In one case, a single playback zone may include multiple rooms or spaces. In another case, a single room or space may include multiple playback zones.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 1, the balcony, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, office, and bedroom zones each have one playback device, while the living room and master bedroom zones each have multiple playback devices. In the living room zone, playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 may be configured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playback devices, as one or more bonded playback devices, as one or more consolidated playback devices, or any combination thereof. Similarly, in the case of the master bedroom, playback devices 122 and 124 may be configured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playback devices, as a bonded playback device, or as a consolidated playback device.

[0053] In one example, one or more playback zones in the environment of FIG. 1 may each be playing different audio content. For instance, the user may be grilling in the balcony zone and listening to hip hop music being played by the playback device 102 while another user may be preparing food in the kitchen zone and listening to classical music being played by the playback device 114. In another example, a playback zone may play the same audio content in synchrony with another playback zone. For instance, the user may be in the office zone where the playback device 118 is playing the same rock music that is being playing by playback device 102 in the balcony zone. In such a case, playback devices 102 and 118 may be playing the rock music in synchrony such that the user may seamlessly (or at least substantially seamlessly) enjoy the audio content that is being played out-loud while moving between different playback zones. Synchronization among playback zones may be achieved in a manner similar to that of synchronization among playback devices, as described in previously referenced U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395.

[0054] As suggested above, the zone configurations of the media playback system 100 may be dynamically modified, and in some embodiments, the media playback system 100 supports numerous configurations. For instance, if a user physically moves one or more playback devices to or from a zone, the media playback system 100 may be reconfigured to accommodate the change(s). For instance, if the user physically moves the playback device 102 from the balcony zone to the office zone, the office zone may now include both the playback device 118 and the playback device 102. The playback device 102 may be paired or grouped with the office zone and/or renamed if so desired via a control device such as the control devices 126 and 128. On the other hand, if the one or more playback devices are moved to a particular area in the home environment that is not already a playback zone, a new playback zone may be created for the particular area.

[0055] Further, different playback zones of the media playback system 100 may be dynamically combined into zone groups or split up into individual playback zones. For instance, the dining room zone and the kitchen zone 114 may be combined into a zone group for a dinner party such that playback devices 112 and 114 may render audio content in synchrony. On the other hand, the living room zone may be split into a television zone including playback device 104, and a listening zone including playback devices 106, 108, and 110, if the user wishes to listen to music in the living room space while another user wishes to watch television.

[0056] c. Example Control Devices

[0057] FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device 300 that may be configured to be one or both of the control devices 126 and 128 of the media playback system 100. Control device 300 may also be referred to as a controller 300. As shown, the control device 300 may include a processor 302, memory 304, a network interface 306, and a user interface 308. In one example, the control device 300 may be a dedicated controller for the media playback system 100. In another example, the control device 300 may be a network device on which media playback system controller application software may be installed, such as for example, an iPhone™, iPad™ or any other smart phone, tablet or network device (e.g., a networked computer such as a PC or Mac™).

[0058] The processor 302 may be configured to perform functions relevant to facilitating user access, control, and configuration of the media playback system 100. The memory 304 may be configured to store instructions executable by the processor 302 to perform those functions. The memory 304 may also be configured to store the media playback system controller application software and other data associated with the media playback system 100 and the user.

[0059] In one example, the network interface 306 may be based on an industry standard (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standards including IEEE 802.3, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). The network interface 306 may provide a means for the control device 300 to communicate with other devices in the media playback system 100. In one example, data and information (e.g., such as a state variable) may be communicated between control device 300 and other devices via the network interface 306. For instance, playback zone and zone group configurations in the media playback system 100 may be received by the control device 300 from a playback device or another network device, or transmitted by the control device 300 to another playback device or network device via the network interface 306. In some cases, the other network device may be another control device.

[0060] Playback device control commands such as volume control and audio playback control may also be communicated from the control device 300 to a playback device via the network interface 306. As suggested above, changes to configurations of the media playback system 100 may also be performed by a user using the control device 300. The configuration changes may include adding/removing one or more playback devices to/from a zone, adding/removing one or more zones to/from a zone group, forming a bonded or consolidated player, separating one or more playback devices from a bonded or consolidated player, among others. Accordingly, the control device 300 may sometimes be referred to as a controller, whether the control device 300 is a dedicated controller or a network device on which media playback system controller application software is installed.

[0061] The user interface 308 of the control device 300 may be configured to facilitate user access and control of the media playback system 100, by providing a controller interface such as the controller interface 400A shown in FIG. 4. The controller interface 400A includes a playback control region 410, a playback zone region 420, a playback status region 430, a playback queue region 440, and an audio content sources region 450. The user interface 400A as shown is just one example of a user interface that may be provided on a network device such as the control device 300 of FIG. 3 (and/or the control devices 126 and 128 of FIG. 1) and accessed by users to control a media playback system such as the media playback system 100. Other user interfaces of varying formats, styles, and interactive sequences may alternatively be implemented on one or more network devices to provide comparable control access to a media playback system.

[0062] The playback control region 410 may include selectable (e.g., by way of touch or by using a cursor) icons to cause playback devices in a selected playback zone or zone group to play or pause, fast forward, rewind, skip to next, skip to previous, enter/exit shuffle mode, enter/exit repeat mode, enter/exit cross fade mode. The playback control region 410 may also include selectable icons to modify equalization settings, and playback volume, among other possibilities.

[0063] The playback zone region 420 may include representations of playback zones within the media playback system 100. In some embodiments, the graphical representations of playback zones may be selectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage or configure the playback zones in the media playback system, such as a creation of bonded zones, creation of zone groups, separation of zone groups, and renaming of zone groups, among other possibilities.

[0064] For example, as shown, a “group” icon may be provided within each of the graphical representations of playback zones. The “group” icon provided within a graphical representation of a particular zone may be selectable to bring up options to select one or more other zones in the media playback system to be grouped with the particular zone. Once grouped, playback devices in the zones that have been grouped with the particular zone will be configured to play audio content in synchrony with the playback device(s) in the particular zone. Analogously, a “group” icon may be provided within a graphical representation of a zone group. In this case, the “group” icon may be selectable to bring up options to deselect one or more zones in the zone group to be removed from the zone group. Other interactions and implementations for grouping and ungrouping zones via a user interface such as the user interface 400A are also possible. The representations of playback zones in the playback zone region 420 may be dynamically updated as playback zone or zone group configurations are modified.

[0065] The playback status region 430 may include graphical representations of audio content that is presently being played, previously played, or scheduled to play next in the selected playback zone or zone group. The selected playback zone or zone group may be visually distinguished on the user interface, such as within the playback zone region 420 and/or the playback status region 430. The graphical representations may include track title, artist name, album name, album year, track length, and other relevant information that may be useful for the user to know when controlling the media playback system via the user interface 400A.

[0066] The playback queue region 440 may include graphical representations of audio content in a playback queue associated with the selected playback zone or zone group. In some embodiments, each playback zone or zone group may be associated with a playback queue containing information corresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the playback zone or zone group. For instance, each audio item in the playback queue may comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI), a uniform resource locator (URL) or some other identifier that may be used by a playback device in the playback zone or zone group to find and/or retrieve the audio item from a local audio content source or a networked audio content source, possibly for playback by the playback device.

[0067] In one example, a playlist may be added to a playback queue, in which case information corresponding to each audio item in the playlist may be added to the playback queue. In another example, audio items in a playback queue may be saved as a playlist. In a further example, a playback queue may be empty, or populated but “not in use” when the playback zone or zone group is playing continuously streaming audio content, such as Internet radio that may continue to play until otherwise stopped, rather than discrete audio items that have playback durations. In an alternative embodiment, a playback queue can include Internet radio and/or other streaming audio content items and be “in use” when the playback zone or zone group is playing those items. Other examples are also possible.

[0068] When playback zones or zone groups are “grouped” or “ungrouped,” playback queues associated with the affected playback zones or zone groups may be cleared or re-associated. For example, if a first playback zone including a first playback queue is grouped with a second playback zone including a second playback queue, the established zone group may have an associated playback queue that is initially empty, that contains audio items from the first playback queue (such as if the second playback zone was added to the first playback zone), that contains audio items from the second playback queue (such as if the first playback zone was added to the second playback zone), or a combination of audio items from both the first and second playback queues. Subsequently, if the established zone group is ungrouped, the resulting first playback zone may be re-associated with the previous first playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue that is empty or contains audio items from the playback queue associated with the established zone group before the established zone group was ungrouped. Similarly, the resulting second playback zone may be re-associated with the previous second playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue that is empty, or contains audio items from the playback queue associated with the established zone group before the established zone group was ungrouped. Other examples are also possible.

[0069] Referring back to the user interface 400A of FIG. 4, the graphical representations of audio content in the playback queue region 440 may include track titles, artist names, track lengths, and other relevant information associated with the audio content in the playback queue. In one example, graphical representations of audio content may be selectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage and/or manipulate the playback queue and/or audio content represented in the playback queue. For instance, a represented audio content may be removed from the playback queue, moved to a different position within the playback queue, or selected to be played immediately, or after any currently playing audio content, among other possibilities. A playback queue associated with a playback zone or zone group may be stored in a memory on one or more playback devices in the playback zone or zone group, on a playback device that is not in the playback zone or zone group, and/or some other designated device. Playback of such a playback queue may involve one or more playback devices playing back media items of the queue, perhaps in sequential or random order.

[0070] The audio content sources region 450 may include graphical representations of selectable audio content sources from which audio content may be retrieved and played by the selected playback zone or zone group. Discussions pertaining to audio content sources may be found in the following section.

[0071] d. Example Audio Content Sources

[0072] As indicated previously, one or more playback devices in a zone or zone group may be configured to retrieve for playback audio content (e.g., according to a corresponding URI or URL for the audio content) from a variety of available audio content sources. In one example, audio content may be retrieved by a playback device directly from a corresponding audio content source (e.g., a line-in connection). In another example, audio content may be provided to a playback device over a network via one or more other playback devices or network devices.

[0073] Example audio content sources may include a memory of one or more playback devices in a media playback system such as the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, local music libraries on one or more network devices (such as a control device, a network-enabled personal computer, or a networked-attached storage (NAS), for example), streaming audio services providing audio content via the Internet (e.g., the cloud), or audio sources connected to the media playback system via a line-in input connection on a playback device or network devise, among other possibilities.

[0074] In some embodiments, audio content sources may be regularly added or removed from a media playback system such as the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. In one example, an indexing of audio items may be performed whenever one or more audio content sources are added, removed or updated. Indexing of audio items may involve scanning for identifiable audio items in all folders/directory shared over a network accessible by playback devices in the media playback system, and generating or updating an audio content database containing metadata (e.g., title, artist, album, track length, among others) and other associated information, such as a URI or URL for each identifiable audio item found. Other examples for managing and maintaining audio content sources may also be possible.

[0075] Moving now to several example implementations, implementations 500 and 900 shown in FIGS. 5 and 9, respectively present example embodiments of techniques described herein. These example embodiments that can be implemented within an operating environment including, for example, the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, one or more of the playback device 200 of FIG. 2, or one or more of the control device 300 of FIG. 3. Further, operations illustrated by way of example as being performed by a media playback system can be performed by any suitable device, such as a playback device or a control device of a media playback system. Implementations 500 and 900 may include one or more operations, functions, or actions as illustrated by one or more of blocks shown in FIGS. 5 and 9. Although the blocks are illustrated in sequential order, these blocks may also be performed in parallel, and/or in a different order than those described herein. Also, the various blocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided into additional blocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.

[0076] In addition, for the implementations disclosed herein, the flowcharts show functionality and operation of one possible implementation of present embodiments. In this regard, each block may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. The program code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, for example, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. The computer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readable medium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores data for short periods of time like register memory, processor cache, and Random Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may also include non-transitory media, such as secondary or persistent long term storage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks, compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computer readable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storage systems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computer readable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storage device. In addition, for the implementations disclosed herein, each block may represent circuitry that is wired to perform the specific logical functions in the process.

[0077] As discussed above, embodiments described herein may involve a calibration state variable. FIG. 5 illustrates an example implementation 500 to update a calibration state variable and share the calibration state indicated by the calibration state variable with another device.

[0078] a. Receive Indication that a First Playback Device is Calibrated

[0079] At block 502, implementation 500 involves receiving an indication that a first playback device is calibrated. For instance, a first playback device (e.g., one of playback devices 102-124 of media playback system 100 shown in FIG. 1) may receive, via a network interface, an indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The indication may be sent to the first playback device from another playback device (e.g., another of playback devices 102-124 of media playback system 100) or from a control device (e.g., control device 126 or 128), among other possible examples (e.g., a remote server).

[0080] Calibration of a playback device may involve adjusting one or more acoustic parameters of a playback device's speakers (e.g., channels) in an attempt to improve acoustic characteristic of those speakers within a given environment. For instance, a calibration profile may offset the acoustics of the given environment to produce a desired response in that environment (e.g., a flat response, perhaps adjusted by an equalization to boost or cut certain frequencies). To determine a calibration profile for a playback device in a particular position within a given environment, a playback device may perform a calibration procedure, perhaps in combination with a control device. For instance, some example calibration procedures involve a playback device of a media playback system emitting sound waves (e.g., one or more calibration sounds) and a control device of the media playback system detecting and analyzing the emitted sound waves.

[0081] As one example, referring to FIG. 1, playback device 122 of media playback system 100 may be calibrated using such a procedure, perhaps with control device 126 detecting and analyzing calibration sounds emitted by playback device 122. After performing the calibration procedure, control device 126 may send to playback device 122 an indication that playback device 122 is calibrated via a network interface. Playback device 122 may receive the indication from control device 126 via an interface of its own. In some embodiments, the indication may include a calibration profile indicating one or more calibration values that adjust equalization of the playback device 122, perhaps to offset acoustic characteristics of the Master Bedroom environment.

[0082] As another example, referring again to FIG. 1, playback device 122 may receive an indication that playback device 122 is calibrated from another playback device of media playback system 100, such as playback device 124. Playback device 124 may store a calibration state variable indicating the calibration state of playback device 122. Playback device 124 may send an indication of this calibration state to playback device in various circumstances, such as upon detecting that playback device 122 has been powered on or as part of a regular (e.g., periodic) transmission.

[0083] As a further example, playback device 122 may receive an indication that playback device 122 is calibrated from a remote server. Such a remote server may be involved in providing a cloud service to media playback system 100. The cloud service may maintain calibration state variables indicating the calibration state of playback devices 102-124 of media playback system 100. The cloud service might also store calibration state variables indicating the calibration state of other media playback systems, perhaps in other households.

[0084] b. Configure A Calibration State Variable to Indicate that the First Playback Device is Calibrated

[0085] Referring back to FIG. 5, at block 504, implementation 500 involves configuring a calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is calibrated. For instance, referring to FIG. 1, playback device 122 may store a calibration state variable indicating the calibration state of playback device 122 in data storage (e.g., in a data storage such as memory 206 of playback device 200 shown in FIG. 2). Playback device 122 may configure that calibration state variable to indicate the calibration state of playback device 122 (e.g., that playback device 122 is calibrated, or that playback device 122 is uncalibrated). In some embodiments, playback device 122 may update such a state variable when playback device 122 receives an indication of a calibration state of playback device 122 (and perhaps also the calibration state of another playback device), perhaps as the indication of the calibration state may include an instruction to update the state variable.

[0086] FIG. 6 depicts a table 600 that indicates playback devices of media playback system 100 of FIG. 1 and their respective calibration state, which may be stored as one or more calibration state variables. In this example instance, playback devices of media playback system 100 each calibrated to a particular environment (e.g., a zone). Such calibration states may be stored as one or more calibration state variable(s). State variables, such as the calibration state variables, may also store an indication of the time at which the playback device was last calibrated and possibly the bonded zone configuration at last calibration. Although not shown in FIG. 6, the calibration state variable(s) indicating the calibration states represented by table 600 may also include a calibration profile indicating one or more calibration values that adjust equalization of the playback devices, perhaps to offset acoustic characteristics of the respective environments.

[0087] Calibration state variables indicating the calibration state of playback devices may be stored on various devices that are accessible to the media playback system. For instance, in some cases, the media playback system itself may store the state variables, perhaps in data storage of one or more playback device(s) or control device(s) of a media playback system, perhaps using a database or table. Alternatively, a remote server (e.g., a server that provides a cloud service) may store the state variables. Other examples are possible as well.

[0088] Within examples, calibration state variables may be maintained across a media playback system using various configurations. For instance, in some examples, each playback device of a media playback system may store calibration state variables indicating the calibration state of the other playback devices of the media playback system. Alternatively, a given device may store a subset of the calibration state variables of a media playback system. For instance, referring to FIG. 6, devices of the Living Room zone may store calibration state variables indicating the calibration state of playback devices that belong to the Living Room zone.

[0089] c. Detect Trigger Condition Indicating that the First Playback Device has Become Uncalibrated

[0090] In FIG. 5, at block 506, implementation 500 involves detecting a trigger condition indicating that the first playback device has become uncalibrated. For instance, referring to FIG. 1, playback device 122 may detect a trigger condition indicating that playback device 122 has become uncalibrated. As several examples, changes to the environment, the physical location or orientation of the device, or the configuration of the device may trigger a loss of calibration state.

[0091] In some examples, detecting the trigger condition indicating that the first playback device may involve receiving a command that changes the zone configuration of the first playback device. For instance, referring again to FIG. 1, a control device, such as control device 126, may send a command that instructs playback device 122 to change its zone configuration. Various changes to the zone configuration of a playback device may indicate that the playback device is no longer calibrated.

[0092] FIG. 7 illustrates example media playback system 700, which is another example configuration of media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. Compared to FIG. 1, certain playback devices have been moved or reconfigured within the household. As described below, such changes may indicate a loss of calibration state.

[0093] Within examples, detecting the trigger condition indicating that the first playback device has become uncalibrated may involve receiving a command that causes the first playback device to join (or leave) a bonded zone. For instance, referring to FIG. 7, playback device 112 may receive a command from control device 128 that instructs playback device 112 to join the Kitchen zone as a first channel of a stereo pair that includes a second device (i.e., playback device 114) as a second channel of the stereo pair. Playback device 112 may operate differently as a channel of a stereo pair as compared with operating independently, such that a joining or leaving a stereo pair may trigger a loss of calibration. To become calibrated, playback devices 112 and 114 may perform a calibration procedure as the stereo pair. Another command might instruct playback device 112 to unbond from the bonded zone configuration (i.e., the stereo pair) with playback device 114, which might again trigger a loss in calibration state.

[0094] Some playback devices, such as subwoofers, may output specific frequency ranges, which may affect calibration state when such playback devices join or leave a bonded zone configuration. For instance, referring to FIG. 7, the Living Room zone includes a playback device 110 that outputs low frequencies (i.e., a subwoofer) and playback devices 104, 106, and 108 that output mid and high range frequencies. If playback device 110 leaves the Living Room zone, such a change may indicate that playback devices 104, 106, and 108, as the removal of the subwoofer from the zone may suggest that playback devices 104, 106, and 108 should be recalibrated over a range that includes low frequencies.

[0095] In some embodiments, a playback device may be assigned a particular name, which may correspond to a particular zone to which the playback device belongs. Changes to this particular name may trigger a loss in calibration state, as such a change may create a presumption that the playback device has been moved to a different zone. For instance, referring to FIG. 7, playback device 118 may be moved from the Office zone to the Balcony zone. To cause playback device 118 to operate as part of the Balcony zone, a control device, such as control device 128, may send a command that instructs playback device 118 to join the Balcony zone, which may cause the assigned name of playback device 118 to change from Office to Balcony. In another example, a control device may send a command to a playback device that causes the playback device to form a new zone (e.g., a Den zone) which may change the name of the playback device to reflect that of the new zone. Such a change to the zone of the playback device may suggest calibrating the playback device in the environment corresponding to this new zone.

[0096] As noted above, changes to the physical position or orientation may trigger a loss of calibration, as rotating or moving a playback device may change how that playback device sounds within the environment. For example, when a playback device is pointed into the center of a room, that playback device will typically sound differently than when the device is pointed at a wall. In some embodiments, a playback device may include one or more sensors (e.g., an accelerometer) to detect changes to the physical orientation of the playback device. Such sensors may also detect changes to the physical position of the playback device within the environment. To illustrate, in FIG. 7, playback devices 122 and 124 have been rotated relative to their physical orientation shown in FIG. 1. Detecting that such a physical rotation has exceeded a threshold rotation (e.g., greater than 15 degrees) by way of one or more sensors may indicate that playback device 122 and/or playback device 124 has become uncalibrated. Other positioning techniques, such as echo-location may also be used to detect a change to physical orientation or position.

[0097] In other examples, changes to the controller configuration on a playback device may indicate that the playback device has lost its calibration. For instance, the playback device may receive a command that instructs the playback device to reset to factory default settings, which may clear a previous calibration. As another example, the playback device may receive a software update, which may have various effects, such as clearing a previous calibration and/or changing how the playback device operates, that cause the playback device to lose a calibrated state.

[0098] As described above in connection with example control devices, a control device of a media playback system may display a graphical user interface containing controls to control operation of the playback devices within that media playback system. Certain controls may indicate that a playback device has become uncalibrated. For instance, a controller interface may display a prompt that requests an indication of whether a playback device has been moved to another physical location. Detecting selection of a control that indicates that the playback device has been moved may indicate that the playback device has become uncalibrated. Such a user interface may also include controls that cause various configuration changes such as causing a playback device to join a zone or to form a bonded zone configuration, which may trigger a loss of calibration state.

[0099] d. Update the Calibration State Variable to Indicate that the First Playback Device is Uncalibrated

[0100] Referring again to FIG. 5, at block 508, implementation 500 involves updating a calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is uncalibrated. As noted above, playback devices, such as playback device 122 of FIG. 1 may store a calibration state variable indicating their calibration state in data storage (e.g., in a data storage such as memory 206 of playback device 200 shown in FIG. 2). Upon receiving an indication of a new calibration state, the playback device may update the calibration state to indicate the new calibration state.

[0101] For example, based on detecting a trigger condition indicating that the first playback device has become uncalibrated, the first playback device may update the calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is uncalibrated. Updating such a calibration state variable may be responsive to detecting such a trigger, such that the playback device updates its calibration state variables when such a trigger is detected.

[0102] FIG. 8 depicts a table 800 that indicates the playback devices of media playback system 100 of FIG. 7 and their respective calibration states, which may be stored as one or more calibration state variables. Table 800 represents how the calibration state variables stored by a playback device might be updated based on the changes made media playback system 100 as shown in FIG. 7, as compared with FIG. 1. As shown, playback device 102 and 118 might become uncalibrated, as playback device 118 is moved to the Balcony zone and joined into a stereo pair with playback device 112. Playback device 110 might also become uncalibrated, as it was instructed to leave the Living Room zone. Playback devices 112 and 114 might become uncalibrated when joined as a stereo pair, and remain uncalibrated when the stereo pair is separated and the playback devices are returned to their original zones. In addition, playback devices 122 and 124 may become uncalibrated when they are rotated. Based on detecting such trigger conditions that indicate a change in calibration state, the calibration state variables representing such states may be updated to reflect the change in calibration state, as shown in FIG. 8.

[0103] After the playback devices are recalibrated to their new position and/or configuration, the calibration state variables may be updated to indicate that the playback devices are calibrated. For instance, playback devices 122 and 124 may perform a calibration procedure with control device 126. Control device 126 may send playback devices 122 and 124 a calibration profile and instruct the playback devices to update calibration state variables to indicate that the current calibration state. The playback devices may also update state variables to indicate the time of last calibration and the bonded zone configuration of the playback devices during the last calibration.

[0104] e. Send Indication of Updated Calibration State Variable to Second Device

[0105] In FIG. 5, at block 510, implementation 500 involves sending an indication of the updated state variable to a second device. For instance, playback device 122 may send an indication of the updated state variables to a second playback device, such as playback device 124, or to a control device, such as control device 126 and/or 128. By sending such an indication to a second device, the first playback device may share the current calibration state with the second device(s).

[0106] As noted above, in some cases, the first playback device may send an indication of the updated state variable to a second playback device. In some embodiments, sending such an indication may involve sending an instruction that causes the second playback device to update a state variable that is stored on the second playback device. For instance, playback device 122 may send an instruction that causes playback device 124 to update a state variable stored on playback device 124 to indicate that playback device 122 is uncalibrated (or that playback device 122 is calibrated, depending on the circumstances). Further, in some cases, playback device 122 may send an instruction to additional playback devices (e.g., one or more of playback devices 102-120) that cause these playback devices to update respective calibration state variables. Such sharing may help to maintain current calibration states of playback devices across multiple devices. Within example embodiments, the first playback device may transmit calibration states periodically, or perhaps in response to a query from a second device for a calibration state of a given playback device.

[0107] In some examples, the first playback device may store calibration state variables indicating calibration states of the second playback devices. For instance, after receiving an indication that a second playback device is calibrated (or uncalibrated), the first playback device may update a calibration state variable to indicate that the second playback device is calibrated. The first playback device may share the calibration state of the second playback device with other devices, such as control devices or other playback devices.

[0108] Also as noted above, the first playback device may send an indication of the updated state variable to a control device. For instance, playback device 122 may send an indication of the updated state variable to one or more control devices, such as control device 126 and/or control device. Such an indication may cause the control device to update a displayed interface to indicate the updated calibration state of the playback device (e.g., that playback device 122 is uncalibrated).

[0109] Within examples, the first playback device may share information in addition to the calibration state with one or more second devices. For instance, the first playback device may send calibration information with which the first playback device was calibrated. Such calibration information may include a calibration profile that indicates one or more calibration values that adjust equalization of the first playback device. As noted above, such an equalization adjustment may offset the acoustics of a given environment to produce a desired frequency response for sound emitted by the speakers of the first playback device. By sharing such a profile with second devices, the second devices may have the information to send back to the first playback device should the first playback device need or request the profile (e.g., to recover from power loss).

[0110] The first playback device may also share contextual information about a calibration with the one or more second devices. For instance, the first playback device may determine a time at which the first playback device was last calibrated and possibly also identify a bonded zone configuration in which the first playback device was configured when the first playback device was last calibrated. After making such determinations, the first playback device may send an indication of these calibration parameters to one or more second devices.

[0111] Having such calibration parameters may facilitate a second device detecting that the first playback device has become uncalibrated. For instance, if the first playback device shares that the first playback device was in a first bonded zone configuration when it was last calibrated, and the second device later receives an indication that the first playback device is in a second bonded zone configuration, the second device may determine that the calibration of the first playback device is out of date. Based on making such a determination, a second playback device might send an indication that the first playback device is no longer calibrated to the first playback device. A control device might initiate a procedure to calibrate the first playback device, or possibly display an indication of the uncalibrated state of the first playback device, among other possible operations.

[0112] As described above, example devices of a media playback system may store, update, and/or share a calibration state variable, which may provide various benefits, as discussed herein.

[0113] As discussed above, embodiments described herein may involve a calibration state variable. FIG. 9 illustrates an example implementation 900 to display an indication of a calibration state variable.

[0114] a. Receive a Calibration State Variable Indicating Calibration State of a First Zone

[0115] At block 902, implementation 900 involves receiving a calibration state variable indicating a calibration state of a first zone. For instance, a control device, such as control device 126 or control device 128 depicted in FIG. 1, may receive one or more calibration state variables indicating the calibration state of one or more playback devices of a particular zone (e.g., the Living Room zone of media playback system 100).

[0116] In some cases, the calibration state variable may indicate that a zone is uncalibrated (i.e., that one or more playback devices of the zone are not calibrated). A playback device of the zone may share such a calibration state variable when the playback device becomes uncalibrated. For instance, as described above, a playback device, such as playback device 106 of media playback system 100, may detect a trigger condition indicating that the first playback device has become uncalibrated (e.g., one of the trigger conditions described above in connection with block 506 of FIG. 5. Based on detecting such a trigger condition, playback device 106 may update a calibration state variable to indicate that playback device 106 is uncalibrated and send an indication of the updated calibration state variable to a control device.

[0117] b. Causing A Graphical Interface to Display an Indication of the Calibration State

[0118] Referring back to FIG. 9, at block 904, implementation 900 involves causing a graphical interface to display an indication of the calibration state indicated by the calibration state variable. For example, the control device (e.g., control device 126 or 128) may display a controller interface (e.g., controller interface 400A of FIG. 4) that includes an indication of the calibration state. As noted above, in some cases, a calibration state variable may indicate that a given zone is uncalibrated. In such cases, the control device displays an indication that the given zone is uncalibrated.

[0119] As noted above, example media playbacks systems may include one or more zones. For instance, media playback system 100 includes a plurality of zones (e.g., the Living Room zone, Kitchen zone, Dining Room zone, Bedroom zone, and so on). A control device may display a zone control interface that lists the zones of the media playback system. One example of such a zone control interface is playback zone region 420 of controller interface 400A shown in FIG. 4. Such a zone control interface might include an indication of the calibration state of the one or more zones.

[0120] To illustrate, FIG. 10 shows controller interface 400B, which is an instance of controller interface 400B that corresponds to media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. Like controller interface 400A, controller interface 400B includes a playback control region 410, a playback zone region 420, a playback status region 430, a playback queue region 440, and an audio content sources region 450. Within playback zone region 420, controller interface 400B also includes a graphical element 402 that indicates an issue with the Living Room zone, which may in turn indicate that the Living Room zone is uncalibrated. Conversely, a lack of such a graphical element, as shown with respect to the Office and Master Bedroom zones might indicate that these zones are calibrated.

[0121] As another example, FIG. 11 shows a smartphone 1100 that is displaying a zone control interface 1102. Zone control interface 1102 indicates the zones of media playback system 100. Zone controls 1104, 1106, and 1108 indicate the Office, Master Bedroom, and Living Room zones, respectively. Additional zone controls representing further zones of media playback system 100 may be displayed by way of scrolling. Zone controls, such as zone controls 1104, 1106, and 1108 may indicate media that is playing on the playback device(s) of the zone. Zone control interface 1102 also includes a graphical element 1110 that indicates an issue with at least one of the zones of media playback system 100, which may in turn indicate that at least one of the zones of media playback system 100 is uncalibrated.

[0122] In some embodiments, a control device may display a zone settings interface that indicates the calibration state of a given zone (e.g., that the given zone is uncalibrated). In some example interfaces, such an indication may contrast with an indication displayed on a zone control interface by indicating a particular zone that is uncalibrated (as opposed to generally indicating an issue with at least one zone). Selection of a selectable control, such as graphical element 402 of FIG. 10 or graphical element 1110 of FIG. 11, may cause display of such a zone settings interface.

[0123] To illustrate a zone settings interface, FIG. 12 shows a smartphone 1200 that is displaying a zone settings interface 1202. Detecting the selection of a selectable control, such as graphical element 1110 of FIG. 11, may cause display of zone settings interface 1202. Zone settings interface 1202 includes selectable controls 1204, 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, 1214, 1216, and 1218 that, when selected, cause display of a settings interface for the Office, Master Bedroom, Living Room, Dining Room, Kitchen, Bathroom, Bedroom, and Balcony zones, respectively.

[0124] Selectable controls 1204-1218 indicate whether the zone corresponding to that selectable control is calibrated. For instance, selectable control 1208 indicates that the Living Room zone is uncalibrated (“Not Tuned”). Likewise, selectable control 1212 indicates that the Kitchen zone is uncalibrated. In contrast, the lack of such indications on selectable controls 1204, 1206, 1210, 1214, 1216, and 1218 may indicate that the zones corresponding to those controls are calibrated. As noted above, the control device (i.e., smartphone 1200) may update a calibration state of a given zone after receiving a calibration state variable indicating whether that zone is calibrated.

[0125] Zone settings interface 1202 also includes graphical region 1220, which indicates the effect of calibration on the playback devices of a zone (“Tuning adapts the sound of your speakers for their placement in your room.”). In some examples, graphical region 1220 might not display such an indication if all of the zones of the media playback system are calibrated. In other examples, graphical region 1220 might display a different indication when all of the zones of the media playback system are calibrated. For example, graphical region 1220 might indicate that the zones of the media playback system are tuned.

[0126] As noted above, in some embodiments, a control device may display a settings interface for a particular zone of the media playback system. The settings interface for the particular zone may include a plurality of controls that adjust operation of the particular zone in different ways. Further, such a settings interface may include an indication that a particular first playback device of the first zone is uncalibrated. Selection of a selectable control, such as selectable control 1208 or selectable control 1212 of FIG. 12, may cause display of such a settings interface.

[0127] By way of example, FIG. 13 shows a smartphone 1300 that is displaying a settings interface 1302 for the Living Room zone of media playback system 100. As noted above, this Living Room zone includes playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110, which are joined into a surround sound configuration. Detecting the selection of a selectable control (e.g., selectable control 1208 of FIG. 12) may cause display of zone settings interface 1302. Zone settings interface 1302 includes selectable controls 1304, 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1316, and 1318 that, when selected, adjust or change aspects of how the Living Room zone operates (i.e., how playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 operate).

[0128] More particularly, selectable control 1304, when selected, provides an interface to change the zone name of the Living Room zone. As described above in connection with block 506 of FIG. 5, a change to the name of a zone may create a presumption that a playback device of the zone has been moved, which may trigger a loss of calibration state. To illustrate, in some examples, upon detecting a change in the zone name of the Living Room zone, a control device such as smartphone 1300 may send an instruction to a playback device of the Living Room zone that indicates that the zone is uncalibrated, which may in turn cause the playback device(s) of the Living Room zone to update calibration state variables to reflect this calibration state.

[0129] Other selectable controls adjust other aspects of the zone. Selectable control 1308, when selected, provides an interface to adjust the equalization of the playback devices of the zone (e.g., to boost or cut certain frequencies, such as bass, treble, or mid-range frequencies). Selectable controls 1310 and 1312 adjust operation of playback device 110 (i.e., the subwoofer). In particular, selectable control 1310, when selected, toggles playback device 110 on and off and selectable control 1312, when selected, provides an interface to adjust the volume level of playback device 110. Selectable controls 1314 and 1316 adjust the bonded zone configuration of the Living Room zone (i.e., the surround sound configuration). More particularly, selectable control 1314 removes only playback device 110 from the bonded zone configuration while selectable control 1314 removes playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 from the bonded zone configuration. Lastly, selectable control 1318 toggles respective power indicator lights on playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 on and off.

[0130] While some example controls have been shown to illustrate an example settings interface, other example settings interfaces contemplated herein may include additional or fewer controls, or controls that are not shown in the example settings interface.

[0131] c. Cause Graphical Interface to Display a Selectable Control that Initiates Calibration of the First Zone

[0132] In FIG. 9, at block 906, implementation 900 involves causing the graphical interface to display a selectable control that initiates calibration of the first zone. For example, the control device (e.g., control device 126 or 128) may display a controller interface (e.g., controller interface 400A of FIG. 4) that includes a selectable control that initiates calibration of one or more first playback devices of the first zone. In other examples, a control device may display such a selectable control on a settings interface, such as zone settings interface 1202 of FIG. 12 or settings interface 1302 of FIG. 13.

[0133] To illustrate, referring back to FIG. 13, settings interface 1302 includes a selectable control 1306, that when selected, initiates calibration of the Living Room zone. Selectable control 1306 also includes an indication that a particular playback device of the Living Room zone is uncalibrated (i.e., playback device 106). Selection of selectable control 1306 may initiate a calibration procedure that calibrates at least playback device 106 (and possibly other playback devices of the Living Room zone).

[0134] d. Initiate Calibration of the Zone

[0135] Referring again to FIG. 9, at block 908, implementation 900 involves initiating calibration of the first zone, which may involve calibrating one or more playback devices of the first zone. Some calibration procedures contemplated herein involve a control device detecting and analyzing sound waves (e.g., one or more calibration sounds) emitted by the playback device. In a first phase, the calibration process may involve preparing the playback device, the control device, and/or the environment for calibration of the playback device. A second phase of the calibration process may involve carrying out the calibration itself. In some embodiments, the control device may display a prompt, or a series of prompts, that direct the user to assist in one or both phases of the calibration procedure.

[0136] To prepare the playback device for calibration, a control device may provide prompts to position the playback device within the environment as the playback device will later be operated. An environment's acoustics may vary from physical location to physical location within the environment, so calibrating a playback device at a first physical location might not be helpful if the playback device will be listened to at a second physical location. In an attempt to get the playback device to be calibrated in its operating position, the control device may display a prompt to position the playback device in the physical location at which it will be operated.

[0137] To prepare the control device for calibration, the control device may provide a prompt to perform a step or steps to improve the acoustics of the microphone that will be detecting the calibration sounds emitted by the playback device. For instance, the control device may prompt to rotate the control device such that its microphone is oriented upwards, as such an orientation may improve the microphone sensitivity or other acoustic characteristics. As another example, the control device may prompt to remove any removable cases or covers that have been installed on the control devices. Cases or covers may negatively influence the microphones ability to sense sounds, as they may physically block or attenuate sound before the sound reaches the microphone. Within examples, the control device may prompt to perform other steps as well.

[0138] To prepare the environment for calibration, the control device may provide a prompt to perform one or more steps to reduce or eliminate environmental effects on the calibration. For instance, the control device may prompt to reduce ambient noise within an environment. Since the calibration involves the control device detecting calibration sounds emitted by the playback device, ambient noise may negatively influence the calibration procedure by affecting a microphone's ability to detect the calibration sounds.

[0139] Within example embodiments, the first phase may include any combination of the above steps in preparing the playback device, the control device, and the environment. Moreover, these steps may be performed in any order. For instance, the control device may prompt to prepare the environment before the control device. Further, some examples might not include all of these steps. For example, some calibration procedures involve preparing the control device and the playback device but not necessarily the environment. In addition, preparing any of the described entities might not include all of the described examples of how such an entity may be prepared. By way of example, in some embodiments, a control device may prompt to rotate the control device and might not prompt to remove any cases.

[0140] After the first phase, the control device may proceed to calibration. In some embodiments, the control device might not initiate (or might not allow calibration to be initiated) until the control device has received an indication that preparation is completed. For instance, the control device may display a selectable control to initiate calibration upon detecting input data indicating that the playback device, control device, and environment have each been prepared for calibration. Then, upon detecting input data indicating a selection the displayed control, the control device may initiate calibration. For instance, the control device may transmit an instruction to the playback device that causes the playback device to begin emitting a calibration sound.

[0141] Some calibration procedures may be improved by the control device detecting the calibration sounds at multiple physical locations within the environment. As noted above, acoustics of an environment may vary from location to location within the environment. Detecting the calibration sounds at multiple physical locations within the environment may provide a better understanding of the environment as a whole. To facilitate detecting the calibration sounds at multiple physical locations, the control device may provide a prompt to perform a movement during the calibration procedure. The movement may involve the user carrying the control device around the room while the playback device under calibration emits calibration sounds. In this manner, the control device may detect the calibration sounds at multiple physical locations within the environment.

[0142] After detecting the calibration sounds, the control device may analyze the calibration sounds to determine determining respective frequency responses of the one or more playback devices within a given environment. After determining such a response for a given playback device, the control device may instruct the given playback device to adopt a certain calibration profile (e.g., an equalization) that offsets the acoustics of the environment.

[0143] Some further example calibration procedures, or aspects thereof, are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/536,493 filed Jun. 28, 2012, entitled “System and Method for Device Playback Calibration,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/216,306 filed Mar. 17, 2014, entitled “Audio Settings Based On Environment,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/481,511 filed Sep. 9, 2014, entitled “Playback Device Calibration,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/696,014, entitled “Speaker Calibration,” which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

[0144] After a calibration procedure is performed to calibrate the playback devices of a zone (e.g., the Living Room zone of media playback system 100), a control device may perform certain operations to update the media playback system. For instance, the control device may cause the graphical interface to remove the indication(s) that the zone is uncalibrated. In particular, given that the zones of the media playback system are now calibrated, smartphone 1100 might remove or alter graphical element 1110 to no longer indicate that at least one zone of the media playback system is uncalibrated. As another example, smartphone 1200 may alter selectable control 1208 to no longer indicate that the Living Room zone is uncalibrated. And, as yet another example, smartphone 1300 may change selectable control 1306 to no longer indicate that playback device 106 is not calibrated. Other examples are possible as well.

[0145] The control device may update playback devices of the media playback system with the updated calibration state of the first zone. For instance, a control device, such as control device 126, may send an instruction that causes playback device 106 to update a calibration state variable to indicate that Living Room zone is now calibrated (i.e., that playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 are calibrated). As noted above, in some embodiments, multiple playback devices may store respective calibration variables indicating the calibration state of a given playback device. In some cases, the control device may send an indication of the updated calibration state of the Living Room zone to these playback devices as well. Alternatively, the playback devices may propagate this calibration state through media playback system 100 by sending an indication of the calibration state to one or more additional playback devices.

[0146] Referring back to the example zone setting interfaces noted above, in some cases, a control device may detect selection of a selectable control that causes display of a settings interface for a zone that is calibrated. For instance, in FIG. 12, smartphone 1200 may detect selection of selectable control 1216, which may cause smartphone 1200 to display a settings interface for the Bedroom zone. Like settings interface 1302, such a settings interface may include a plurality of controls that control operation of the zone that corresponds to the settings interface (i.e., the Bedroom zone).

[0147] To illustrate, FIG. 14 shows a smartphone 1400 that is displaying a settings interface 1402 for the Bedroom zone of media playback system 100. As noted above, this Bedroom zone includes playback devices 120. Detecting the selection of a selectable control (e.g., selectable control 1216 of FIG. 12) may cause display of zone settings interface 1402. Zone settings interface 1402 includes selectable controls 1404, 1406, 1408, 1410, and 1412 that, when selected, adjust or change aspects of how the Bedroom zone operates (i.e., how playback device 120 operates).

[0148] Selectable controls 1404, 1410, and 1412 operate similarly to selectable controls 1304, 1308, and 1318 of FIG. 13, respectively. In particular, similar to selectable control 1304, selectable control 1404, when selected, provides an interface to change the zone name of the Bedroom zone. Selectable control 1410, when selected, causes display of an interface to adjust the equalization of playback device 120. And, selectable control 1412, when selected, toggles a power indicator light on playback device 120 on and off. Since the Bedroom zone does not include a bonded zone configuration or certain types of playback devices (e.g., a subwoofer), settings interface 1402 might not include all of the controls that settings interface 1302 includes.

[0149] But, settings interface 1402 also includes selectable controls that settings interface 1302 does not include, as the Bedroom zone is calibrated. Instead, settings interface 1402 includes selectable control 1406 and 1408, which adjust the calibrated state of the Bedroom zone. In particular, selectable control 1406, when selected, toggles the calibration of the Bedroom zone on and off. And, selectable control 1408, when selected, initiates a calibration procedure for the Bedroom zone to re-calibrate playback device 120.

[0150] The description above discloses, among other things, various example systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including, among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware. It is understood that such examples are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or all of the firmware, hardware, and/or software aspects or components can be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Accordingly, the examples provided are not the only way(s) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles of manufacture.

[0151] Example techniques may involve a calibration state variable. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method may involve receiving, via a network interface, an indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The method may also involve updating a calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is calibrated based on receiving the indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The method may further involve sending, via the network interface, an indication of the updated calibration state variable to a second device.

[0152] In another aspect, a device is provided. The device includes a network interface, at least one processor, a data storage, and program logic stored in the data storage and executable by the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, via the network interface, an indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The operations may also include updating a calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is calibrated based on receiving the indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The operations may further include sending, via the network interface, an indication of the updated calibration state variable to a second device.

[0153] In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory is provided. The non-transitory computer readable memory has stored thereon instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, via the network interface, an indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The operations may also include updating a calibration state variable to indicate that the first playback device is calibrated based on receiving the indication that the first playback device is calibrated. The operations may further include sending, via the network interface, an indication of the updated calibration state variable to a second device.

[0154] Further example techniques may involve a graphical user interface displaying an indication of a calibration state variable. In one aspect, a method is provided. The method may involve receiving, from a first playback device of a media playback system, a calibration state variable indicating that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The method may also involve causing a graphical interface to display an indication that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The method may further involve causing the graphical interface to display a selectable control that, when selected, initiates calibration of the first playback device and initiating calibration of the first playback device.

[0155] In another aspect, a device is provided. The device includes a network interface, at least one processor, a data storage, and program logic stored in the data storage and executable by the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, from a first playback device of a media playback system, a calibration state variable indicating that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The operations may also include causing a graphical interface to display an indication that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The operations may further include causing the graphical interface to display a selectable control that, when selected, initiates calibration of the first playback device and initiating calibration of the first playback device.

[0156] In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable memory is provided. The non-transitory computer readable memory has stored thereon instructions executable by a computing device to cause the computing device to perform operations. The operations may include receiving, from a first playback device of a media playback system, a calibration state variable indicating that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The operations may also include causing a graphical interface to display an indication that the first playback device is uncalibrated. The operations may further include causing the graphical interface to display a selectable control that, when selected, initiates calibration of the first playback device and initiating calibration of the first playback device.

[0157] The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrative environments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble the operations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These process descriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it is understood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of the present disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than the forgoing description of embodiments.

[0158] When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely software and/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at least one example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible, non-transitory medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on, storing the software and/or firmware.