System and Method for Manually Selecting and Deselecting Devices to Charge in a Wireless Power Network

[0001] The present disclosure is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/891,399 entitled Receivers For Wireless Power Transmission, filed May 10, 2013, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/891,430 entitled Methodology For Pocket-Forming, filed May 10, 2013, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/891,445 entitled Transmitters For Wireless Power Transmission, filed May 10, 2013, each of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein.

[0002] N/A

[0003] 1. Field of the Disclosure

[0004] The present disclosure relates in general to wireless power transmission, and more specifically to a system software for enabling a user to select and deselect devices to charge in a wireless power transmission network.

[0005] 2. Background Information

[0006] Electronic devices such as laptop computers, smartphones, portable gaming devices, tablets and so forth may require power for performing their intended functions. This may require having to charge electronic equipment at least once a day, or in high-demand electronic devices more than once a day. Such an activity may be tedious and may represent a burden to users. For example, a user may be required to carry chargers in case his electronic equipment is lacking power. In addition, users have to find available power sources to connect to. Lastly, users must plugin to a wall power socket or other power supply to be able to charge his or her electronic device.

[0007] An approach to mitigate this issue may include using RF waves through suitable power transmission techniques such as pocket-forming. This approach may provide wireless power transmission while eliminating the use of wires or pads for charging devices. In addition, electronic equipment may require less components as typical wall chargers may not be required.

[0008] In some cases, even batteries may be eliminated as a device may fully be powered wirelessly. This approach may enable the creation of wireless power networks similar in structure to regular wireless local area networks (WLAN) where a wireless access point is used to provide internet or intranet access to different devices. An access point or wireless transmitter may provide wireless power charging to different receiver devices.

[0009] Electric energy is an important and expensive resource. At times improper handling of electric energy may lead to waste of the valuable resource, in other cases too much electrical current may damage certain devices. It may also be beneficial in some cases to allow power sources to prioritize certain devices over others. Thus, a need exists for selecting and deselecting devices to charge in a wireless power network.

[0010] Disclosed is a system and method for managing a wireless power network. The wireless power network may include wireless power transmitters with an embedded wireless power management application. This power transmitter manager application may include a device database where information about receiver devices may be stored.

[0011] The wireless power network may include a plurality of client devices with wireless power receivers built in as part of the device or adapted externally. Wireless power receivers may include a power receiver application configured to communicate with the power transmitter manager application in a wireless power transmitter. Communication between wireless power transmitters and wireless power receivers may be achieved using standard network communication protocols such as, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, WIFI or the like.

[0012] The wireless power network may further include a wireless power application. The wireless power manager may be a software application, which may be hosted in a computing device, which may be either a local or cloud-based physical or virtual server, or a mobile or hand-held or wearable computing device such as a smart phone, tablet, notebook, laptop or the like. The wireless power manager application may communicate with a power transmitter manager application to update information in the wireless power manager's database at the transmitter, such as: statuses, power schedules, setting priorities, authentication credentials, present charge and tracking states, and the like. Wireless power manager may include a GUI which may be used by a user to perform management tasks in the wireless power transmission network. The GUI may be a local application interface on the computer running the wireless power management application software, or the GUI may be one or more web pages hosted by said computer.

[0013] The wireless power manager may include a software GUI for automatically or manually selecting and deselecting one or more devices to be charged in the wireless power network. The software GUI may include a charge off area, displaying icons of all devices that are currently not being charged in the wireless power network. The software module may additionally include a charging area displaying devices in the wireless power network that are receiving charge. The software GUI may additionally include an automatic charge area displaying icons of devices that have charging enabled or disabled automatically. A user may select a device icon from either the charge off area or automatic charge area and drag it to the charging area in order to enable the device to receive charge in the wireless power network. A user may also select icon devices from the either the charging area or the automatic charge area and drag them to the charge off area in order to disable the device from receiving charge. A user may also drag a device icon from either charge-off area or charging area to the automatic-charge area of the view screen, to command the wireless power transmitter to automatically make the decision to enable or disable charging the device based on status criteria, such as, but not limited to, time, physical location or hot spot, by user name, or the like.

[0022] The present disclosure is here described in detail with reference to embodiments illustrated in the drawings, which form a part here. Other embodiments may be used and/or other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description are not meant to be limiting of the subject matter presented here.

[0023] As used here, the following terms may have the following definitions:

[0024] “Pocket-forming” may refer to generating two or more RF waves which converge in 3-d space, forming controlled constructive and destructive interference patterns.

[0025] “Pockets of energy” may refer to areas or regions of space where energy or power may accumulate in the form of constructive interference patterns of RF waves.

[0026] “Null-space” may refer to areas or regions of space where pockets of energy do not form because of destructive interference patterns of RF waves.

[0027] “Transmitter” may refer to a device, including a chip which may generate two or more RF signals, at least one RF signal being phase shifted and gain adjusted with respect to other RF signals, substantially all of which pass through one or more RF antenna such that focused RF signals are directed to a target.

[0028] “Receiver” may refer to a device including at least one antenna element, at least one rectifying circuit and at least one power converter, which may utilize pockets of energy for powering, or charging an electronic device.

[0029] “Adaptive pocket-forming” may refer to dynamically adjusting pocket-forming to regulate power on one or more targeted receivers.

[0030] “Scheduling records” may refer to records stored in a database that contain information related to charging schedules and priorities of different receivers or devices.

[0031] “Power” sometimes is a colloquial reference to electrical energy, in the sense of “power transmission lines” which technically transmit energy, since “power” is the *rate* at which electric energy is transferred by an electric circuit. Thus, “wireless power transmission” within the context of this claim refers technically to mean “wireless energy transmission,” and “wireless power system” also means “wireless energy system.”

[0032] “BTLE” or “BLE”: Bluetooth Low Energy communication hardware and/or software.

[0033] “Charge” in the context of this invention, refers to when a wireless power receiver converts RF energy, being received by its antenna, into electrical energy that is transmitted through an electrical circuit connection from said power receiver to an electrically connected client device using said electrical energy to charge the battery of the client device, if it has a battery, or to simply power the client device.

[0034] Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used here to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Alterations and further modifications of the inventive features illustrated here, and additional applications of the principles of the inventions as illustrated here, which would occur to one skilled in the relevant art and having possession of this disclosure, are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0035] Wireless Power Transmission System Including Disclosed Concepts:

[0036] Methods disclosed here may be part of a wireless power transmission system including two or more wireless power transmitters, one or more wireless power receivers, one or more optional system management servers, and one or more optional mobile or hand-held computers, smart phones, or the like, that run the system management GUI app. This app may be made available at, downloaded, and installed from a public software app store or digital application distribution platform, such as Apple's iTunes, Google's Play Store, Amazon's Appstore, and the like.

[0037] The power transmitters and management servers may all communicate with each other through a distributed system database, and may also communicate present status and any status change to a remote information service that may be located in the Internet cloud.

[0038] One or more wireless power transmitters may automatically transmit power to any single wireless power receiver that is close enough for it to establish a communication connection with, using a suitable communication technology, including Bluetooth Low Energy or the like. Said receiver may then power or charge an electrically connected client device, such as mobile device, toy, remote control, lighting device, and the like. A single wireless power transmitter may also power multiple wireless power receivers simultaneously.

[0039] Alternately, the system can be configured by the system management GUI to automatically only transmit power to specific wireless power receivers depending on specific system criteria or conditions, such as the time or hour of the day for automatic time-based scheduled power transmission, power receiver physical location, owner of client device, or other any other suitable conditions and/or criteria.

[0040] The wireless power receiver is connected electrically to a client device, such a mobile phone, portable light, TV remote control, or any device that would otherwise require a battery or connection to wall power. In one or more embodiments, devices requiring batteries can have traditional batteries replaced by wireless power receiver batteries. The wireless power receiver then receives energy transmitted from the power transmitter, into receiver's antenna, rectifies, conditions, and sends the resulting electrical energy, through an electrical relay switch, to the electrically connected client device to power it or charge it.

[0041] A wireless power transmitter can transmit power to a wireless power receiver, which, in response, can power or charge its associated client device while device is in use or in motion anywhere within the power transmission range of the wireless power transmitter. The wireless power transmitter can power multiple devices at the same time.

[0042] The wireless power transmitter establishes a real-time communication connection with each receiver for the purpose of receiving feedback in real-time (such as 100 samples per second). This feedback from each receiver includes the measurement of energy presently being received, which is used by the transmitter to control the direction of the transmitter's antenna array so that it stays aimed at the receiver, even if the receiver moves to a different physical 3-D location or is in 3-D motion that changes its physical 3-D location.

[0043] Multiple wireless power transmitters can power a given, single receiver, in order to substantially increase power to it.

[0044] When a transmitter is done transmitting power to a receiver, it may communicate to the receiver that power transmission has ended, and disconnect communication. The wireless power transmitter may then examine its copy of the distributed system database to determine which, if any, receivers in power range it should next transmit power to.

[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates wireless power transmission 100 using pocket-forming. A transmitter 102 may transmit controlled Radio Frequency (RF) waves 104 which may converge in 3-d space. These RF waves may be controlled through phase and/or relative amplitude adjustments to form constructive and destructive interference patterns (pocket-forming). Pockets of energy 106 may form at constructive interference patterns and can be 3-Dimensional in shape whereas null-spaces may be generated at destructive interference patterns. A receiver 108 may then utilize pockets of energy produced by pocket-forming for charging or powering an electronic device, for example a laptop computer 110 and thus effectively providing wireless power transmission 100. In some embodiments, there can be multiple transmitters 102 and/or multiple receivers 108 for powering various electronic devices, for example smartphones, tablets, music players, toys and others at the same time. In other embodiments, adaptive pocket-forming may be used to regulate power on electronic devices.

[0046] FIG. 2 illustrates a component level embodiment for a transmitter 202 which may be utilized to provide wireless power transmission 100 as described in FIG. 1. Transmitter 202 may include a housing 204 where at least two or more power transmitter antenna elements 206, at least one RF integrated circuit (RFIC 208), at least one digital signal processor (DSP) or micro-controller 210, and one optional communications component 212 may be included. Housing 204 can be made of any suitable material which may allow for signal or wave transmission and/or reception, for example plastic or hard rubber. Antenna elements 206 may include suitable antenna types for operating in frequency bands such as 900 MHz, 2.5 GHz or 5.8 GHz as these frequency bands conform to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations part 18 (Industrial, Scientific and Medical equipment). Antenna elements 206 may include vertical or horizontal polarization, right hand or left hand polarization, elliptical polarization, or other suitable polarizations as well as suitable polarization combinations. Suitable antenna types may include, for example, patch antennas with heights from about ⅛ inches to about 6 inch and widths from about ⅛ inches to about 6 inch. Other antenna elements 206 types can be used, for example meta-materials, dipole antennas among others. RFIC 208 may include a proprietary chip for adjusting phases and/or relative magnitudes of RF signals which may serve as inputs for antenna elements 206 for controlling pocket-forming. These RF signals may be produced using an external power supply 214 and a local oscillator chip (not shown) using a suitable piezoelectric material. Micro-controller 210 may then process information sent by a receiver through its own antenna elements for determining optimum times and locations for pocket-forming. In some embodiments, the foregoing may be achieved through communications component 212. Communications component 212 may be based on standard wireless communication protocols which may include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee. In addition, communications component 212 may be used to transfer other information such as an identifier for the device or user, battery level, location or other such information. Other communications component 212 which may be used include radar, infrared cameras or sound devices for sonic triangulation for determining the device's position.

[0047] Multiple transmitter 202 units may be placed together in the same area to deliver more power to individual power receivers or to power more receivers at the same time, said power receivers being within power reception range of all the power transmitters 202.

[0048] FIG. 3 illustrates a component level embodiment for a receiver 300 which can be used for powering or charging an electronic device as exemplified in wireless power transmission 100. Receiver 300 may include a housing 302 where at least one antenna element 304, one rectifier 306, one power converter 308 and an optional communications component 312 may be included. Housing 302 can be made of any suitable material which may allow for signal or wave transmission and/or reception, for example plastic or hard rubber. Housing 302 may be an external hardware that may be added to different electronic equipment, for example in the form of cases, or can be embedded within electronic equipment as well. Antenna element 304 may include suitable antenna types for operating in frequency bands similar to the bands described for transmitter 202 from FIG. 2. Antenna element 304 may include vertical or horizontal polarization, right hand or left hand polarization, elliptical polarization, or other suitable polarizations as well as suitable polarization combinations. Using multiple polarizations can be beneficial in devices where there may not be a preferred orientation during usage or whose orientation may vary continuously through time, for example a smartphone or portable gaming system. On the contrary, for devices with well-defined orientations, for example a two-handed video game controller, there might be a preferred polarization for antennas which may dictate a ratio for the number of antennas of a given polarization. Suitable antenna types may include patch antennas with heights from about ⅛ inches to about 6 inch and widths from about ⅛ inches to about 6 inch. Patch antennas may have the advantage that polarization may depend on connectivity, i.e. depending on which side the patch is fed, the polarization may change. This may further prove advantageous as a receiver, such as receiver 300, may dynamically modify its antenna polarization to optimize wireless power transmission. Rectifier 306 may include diodes or resistors, inductors or capacitors to rectify the alternating current (AC) voltage generated by antenna element 304 to direct current (DC) voltage. Rectifier 306 may be placed as close as is technically possible to antenna element 304 to minimize losses. After rectifying AC voltage, DC voltage may be regulated using power converter 308. Power converter 308 can be a DC-DC converter which may help provide a constant voltage output, regardless of input, to an electronic device, or as in this embodiment to a battery 314. Typical voltage outputs can be from about 5 volts to about 10 volts. Lastly, communications component 312, similar to that of transmitter 202 from FIG. 2, may be included in receiver 300 to communicate with a transmitter 202 or to other electronic equipment.

[0049] FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a wireless power network 400 in which one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may operate. Wireless power network 400 may include communication between wireless power transmitter 402 and one or more wireless powered receivers. Wireless powered receivers may include a client device 404 with an adaptable paired receiver 406 that may enable wireless power transmission to the client device 404. In another embodiment, a client device 438 may include a wireless power receiver 406 built in as part of the hardware of the device. Client device 404 may be any device which uses an energy power source, such as, laptop computers, stationary computers, mobile phones, tablets, mobile gaming devices, televisions, radios and/or any set of appliances that may require or benefit from an electrical power source.

[0050] In one embodiment, wireless power transmitter 402 may include a microprocessor that integrates a power transmitter manager app 408 (PWR TX MGR APP) as embedded software, and a third party application programming interface 410 (Third Party API) for a Bluetooth Low Energy chip 412 (BTLE CHIP HW). Bluetooth Low Energy chip 412 may enable communication between wireless power transmitter 402 and wireless power receivers 406. Wireless power transmitter 402 may also include an antenna manager software 414 (Antenna MGR Software) to control an RF antenna array 416 that may be used to form controlled RF waves which may converge in 3-D space and create pockets of energy around wireless powered receivers. In some embodiments, Bluetooth Low Energy chip 412 may also be of other types of wireless communication protocols such as WiFi or the like.

[0051] Power transmitter manager app 408 may call third party application programming interface 410 for running a plurality of functions such as start a connection, end a connection, and send data among others. Third party application programming interface 410 may command Bluetooth Low Energy chip 412 according to the functions called by power transmitter manager app 408.

[0052] Power transmitter manager app 408 may also include a database 418, which may store relevant information from client devices 404, and receivers 406 such as, identification for a client device or power receiver, measured hardware values such as antenna voltage for a power receiver 406, status, configuration, location, signal strength and/or any relevant information from a client device 404 or receiver 406.

[0053] Third party application programming interface 410 at the same time may call power transmitter manager app 408 through a callback function which may be registered in the power transmitter manager app 408 at boot time. Third party application programming interface 410 may have a timer callback that may callback at the rate of ten times a second, and may send callbacks every time a connection begins, a connection ends, a connection is attempted, or a message is received.

[0054] Wireless power receiver 406 may include a power receiver app 420 (PWR RX APP), a third party application programming interface 422 (Third party API) for a Bluetooth Low Energy chip 424 (BTLE CHIP HW), and a RF antenna array 426 which may be used to receive and utilize the pockets of energy sent from wireless power transmitter 402.

[0055] Power receiver app 420 may call third party application programming interface 422 for running a plurality of functions such as start a connection, end the connection, and send data among others. Third party application programming interface 422 may have a timer callback that may callback at the rate of ten times a second and may send callbacks every time a connection begins, a connection ends, a connection is attempted, or message is received.

[0056] Client device 404 may be paired to an adaptable paired receiver 406 via a BTLE connection 428. A graphical user interface (GUI 430) may be used to manage the wireless power network from a client device 404. GUI 430 may be a software module that may be downloaded from any suitable application store and may run on any suitable operating system such as iOS and Android, among others. Client device 404 may also communicate with wireless power transmitter 402 via a BTLE connection 428 to send important data such as client device identification, as well as battery level information, geographic location data, manual charge commands, power schedule configuration, or other information that may be of use for the wireless power transmitter 402, and to receive information such as configuration, or data for the generation of reports to the user, among others. Client device 404 may also communicate with wireless power receiver 406 in via BTLE connection 428 to receive information such has hardware measurement values, voltage at receiver antennas, power receiver's unique identification, and the like. The GUI and wireless power receiver 406 integrated as part of the hardware within client device 438 may provide the same operation methods and functions as a separate adaptable paired receiver 406.

[0057] A wireless power manager 432 software may be used in order to manage wireless power network 400. Wireless power manager 432 may be a software module hosted in memory and executed by a processor inside a computing device 434. The wireless power manager 432 may include a GUI, app, host a GUI web page, or support a GUI app on a mobile or hand-held device, from where a user 436 may see options and statuses, as well as execute commands to manage the wireless power network 400. The computing device 434 may be connected to the wireless power transmitter 402 through standard communication protocols which may include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi or ZigBee. Power transmitter manager app 408 may exchange information with wireless power manager 432 in order to control access from client devices, and control power transmission to power receiver of said client devices 404. Functions controlled by the wireless power manager 432 may include, monitoring entire system, reporting all system activity and status, scheduling power transmission for individual devices, priorities between different client devices, access credentials for each client, physical location, broadcasting messages, and/or any functions required to manage the wireless power network 400.

[0058] Multiple wireless power transmitter 402 units may be placed together in the same area to deliver more power to individual power receivers or to power more receivers at the same time, said power receivers being within power reception range of all said power transmitters 402.

[0059] FIG. 5 is an exemplary embodiment of a wireless power charging UI 500. Wireless power charging UI 500 may be a software module hosted in memory and executed by a processor in a computing device 534. Wireless power charging UI 500 may be included as part of a wireless power manager application in order to select and deselect one or more wireless power devices to charge or power in a wireless power network.

[0060] Wireless power charging UI 500 may include a charge off area 502 which may display device icons that represent the different client devices 504 that are not to have power transmitted to them in a wireless power network. If the device, represented by a given icon, contains a battery then its icon, or a sub-icon near the device icon may also additionally include a charge level 506 icon which may serve as an indication of battery present charge or state and/or how much energy charge the client devices 504 battery, if any, possess at the moment.

[0061] Wireless power charging UI 500 may also include a charging area 508 which may display icons that represent the different client devices 504 that are receiving power from a wireless power transmitter in a wireless power network. Each icon may also include a charge level 506 icon which may serve as an indication of battery present charge state and/or how much energy charge the client device's 504 battery, if any, possess at the moment. A client device 504 in the charging area 508 may also include additional indicators to show a device is charging. For example and without limitation, a client device 504 icon may be surrounded by a flashing or pulsating halo when the device is receiving power; in another example the charge level 506 icon may be flashing; In yet another example; the client device 504 may include transparent overlapped text such as a message reading “Charging”.

[0062] User may drag and drop a client device 504 from the charge off area 502 into the charging area 508 in order to begin charging a device. A user may also select a client device 504 from the charging area 508 and drag and drop it into the charge off area 502 in order to stop charging the device. The user may perform this actions using known in the art UI navigation tools such as, a mouse click or touch screen for example.

[0063] FIG. 6 is a flowchart describing a process 600 by which a user may charge a device in a wireless power network. The process may begin when a user accesses, logs on to, or begins to use the wireless power charging UI (block 602). The wireless power charging UI may be a software module hosted in memory and executed by a processor in a suitable computing device, such as, a laptop computer, smartphone and the like. The wireless power charging UI may be a software module implemented as part of the wireless power manager application (described in FIG. 4) used to manage a wireless power network. The wireless power charging software may then query (block 604) a database stored in a wireless power transmitter in order to extract records of all wireless power receivers in the wireless power network. The wireless power charging UI may also create a local copy of the database in the memory of the computing device hosting the wireless power charging UI. A copy of the database may be re-created and mirrored into each computing device in the wireless power network in order to create a distributed database environment and enable sharing all the information across all computing devices in the wireless power network. Extracted information may include for example records indicating status of each wireless power receiver in the wireless power network, their associated client devices,battery level and charge status, owner, and/or any associated information from the components in a wireless power network. The extracted information may then be presented (block 606) and shown to the user in a wireless power charging UI such as the one described in FIG. 5. From the wireless power charging UI the user may select and hold the icon for the device he may desire to charge from the charge off screen area of the wireless power charging UI (block 608). At this point the icon for the device may change or become highlighted in order to indicate that the device has been selected, for example the image of the icon may become larger when a user selects the device from the charge off area. The user may then drag the icon device from the charge off area to the charging area (block 610). The wireless power charging UI may then update the database and send commands to the wireless power transmitter (block 612) in order to begin charging the device. The database in the wireless power transmitter may then be updated with any necessary information. The charging area of the wireless power charging UI may then display an icon indicating that the selected device is charging (block 614). The icon from the corresponding device may then be removed from the charge off area of the wireless power charging UI.

[0064] FIG. 7 is a flowchart describing a process 700 by which a user may disable a device from charging in a wireless power network. The process may begin when a user accesses the wireless power charging UI (block 702). The wireless power charging UI may be a software module hosted in memory and executed by a processor in a suitable computing device, such as, a laptop computer, smartphone and the like. The wireless power charging UI may be a software module implemented as part of the wireless power manager application (described in FIG. 4) used to manage a wireless power network. The wireless power charging software may then query (block 704) a database stored in a wireless power transmitter in order to extract records of all wireless power receivers in the wireless power network. Extracted information may include for example records indicating status of each wireless power receiver in the wireless power network, their associated devices, battery level and charge status, owner, and/or any associated information from the components in a wireless power network. The extracted information may then be presented (block 706) and shown to the user in a wireless power charging UI such as the one described in FIG. 5. From the wireless power charging UI the user may select and hold the icon for the device he may desire to charge off, from within the charging area of the wireless power charging UI (block 708). At this point the icon for the device may change or be highlighted in order to indicate that the device has been selected, for example the image of the icon may become larger when a user selects the device from the charging area. The user may then drag and drop the icon device from the charging area to the charge off area(block 710). The wireless power charging UI may then update the database and send commands to the wireless power transmitter (block 712) to disable charging the device. The database in the wireless power transmitter may then be updated with any necessary information. The charge off area of the wireless power charging UI may then display an icon of the device indicating that the selected device is no longer being charged (block 714). The icon of the corresponding device may then be removed from the charging area of the wireless power charging UI.

[0065] The foregoing method descriptions and the process flow diagrams are provided merely as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the steps of the various embodiments must be performed in the order presented. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art the steps in the foregoing embodiments may be performed in any order. Words such as “then,” “next,” etc. are not intended to limit the order of the steps; these words are simply used to guide the reader through the description of the methods. Although process flow diagrams may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination may correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.

[0066] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.

[0067] Embodiments implemented in computer software may be implemented in software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof. A code segment or machine-executable instructions may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

[0068] The actual software code or specialized control hardware used to implement these systems and methods is not limiting of the invention. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and methods were described without reference to the specific software code being understood that software and control hardware can be designed to implement the systems and methods based on the description herein.

[0069] When implemented in software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium. The steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be embodied in a processor-executable software module which may reside on a computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium. A non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable media includes both computer storage media and tangible storage media that facilitate transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory processor-readable storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such non-transitory processor-readable media may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other tangible storage medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer or processor. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and/or instructions on a non-transitory processor-readable medium and/or computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0070] The preceding description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the following claims and the principles and novel features disclosed herein.