KNOTLESS SUTURE ANCHORS AND METHODS OF TISSUE REPAIR

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/663,029 filed Jun. 22, 2012, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

[0002] The present invention relates to surgical devices and, in particular, to knotless suture constructs and associated methods of tissue repairs.

[0003] When soft tissue such as a ligament or a tendon becomes detached from a bone, surgery is usually required to reattach or reconstruct the tissue. Often, a tissue graft is attached to the bone to facilitate regrowth and permanent attachment. Techniques and devices that have been developed generally involve tying the soft tissue with suture to an anchor or a hole provided in the bone tissue. Knotless suture anchors, such as the two piece Arthrex PushLock® anchor, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,329,272, have been developed to facilitate tissue fixation to bone.

[0004] There is a need for knotless suture anchor constructs with improved design that allow tensioning of the tissue after implantation of the suture anchors. Also needed are improved technologies for knotless fixation of soft tissue with easier suture management and increased tensioning of the tissue.

[0005] The present invention fulfills the above needs and objectives by providing knotless, tensionable suture anchors and methods of tissue repair employing one or more of such knotless, tensionable suture anchors. The suture anchors of the present invention allow for tensioning after insertion in bone (to allow attached tissue to be brought proximate to bone) and do not require tying of any knots.

[0006] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention.

[0023] The present invention provides surgical constructs, systems and techniques for knotless soft tissue repair and fixation, such as fixation of soft tissue (ligament, tendon, graft, etc.) to bone. The knotless anchor constructs may be employed for any soft tissue repair including labral, rotator cuff, Achilles tendon, biceps and hip repairs, among many others.

[0024] The knotless suture constructs of the present invention use a mechanism similar to that of knotless SutureTak® but provide improvements in the design of the anchor constructs (for example, an anchor with two separate flexible strands or an anchor without a flexible strand but with one or more suture shuttle devices) as well as in the suture management and tensioning.

[0025] The surgical constructs and systems detailed below comprise fixation devices (tensionable knotless anchors) having various configurations that are inserted into bone with a flexible strand (for example, a suture) provided within the fixation device and optionally a shuttle/pull device (a suture passing instrument) attached to the flexible strand. The flexible strand and the shuttle/pull device attached to it allow the formation of a splice within the body of the anchor and during the tissue repair procedure to finalize the construct. The shuttle/pull device is provided within the strand (inside of the strand) and forms the splice subsequent to the insertion of the fixation device within the bone (and subsequent to attachment to soft tissue to be repaired or fixated) to allow formation of the final fixation device with a knotless self-locking mechanism that allows the user (for example, the surgeon) to control the tension of the strand on the soft tissue to be attached to bone.

[0026] Details of the formation of an exemplary knotless suture anchor employed in the embodiments of the present invention and with the splice-forming mechanism detailed above are set forth in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0096611, entitled “Tensionable Knotless Anchors with Splice and Methods of Tissue Repair” and U.S. application Ser. No. 13/709,138 filed Dec. 10, 2012, entitled “Tensionable Knotless Anchor Systems and Methods of Tissue Repair,” the disclosures of both of which are incorporated in their entirety herewith.

[0027] The present invention also provides methods of soft tissue repair which do not require tying of knots and allow adjustment of both the tension of the suture and the location of the tissue with respect to the bone. In the exemplary methods detailed below with reference to FIGS. 1-101, the tensionable knotless anchors may be used by themselves or in combination with additional constructs (which may have a similar or different configuration, i.e., modified according to the specific repair) and with the flexible strand provided through tissue, around tissue, or through and around tissue to be repaired or fixated. The tensionable knotless anchors may be used to achieve simple stitch repairs, mattress stitch repairs or interlocked looped mattress repairs, among others. The tensionable knotless anchors may be also provided in a daisy chain configuration, i.e., with the suture from one anchor passed through the eyelet/loop of the shuttle/pull device of another anchor and repeated in a pattern (to allow the formation of a splice within each anchor with a shuttle/pull device of another anchor).

[0028] The methods and constructs of the present invention will be detailed below with reference to an exemplary knotless suture anchor 50, 50a-50d (or anchors having a configuration similar to it such as anchors 150, 250). Details of an anchor similar to knotless suture anchor 50 are set forth in U.S. Application Publication No. 2013/0096611, entitled “Tensionable Knotless Anchors with Splice and Methods of Tissue Repair (the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herewith), but are also provided in this application (for ease of understanding of the embodiments below), and with reference to FIGS. 102 and 103.

[0029] The tensionable knotless anchor 50 shown in FIGS. 102 and 103 has an anchor body 11 provided with a longitudinal axis 11a, a proximal end 13 and a distal end 12, and a plurality of ribs 15 extending circumferentially around it. Openings/channels 16 and 17 allow threading suture(s) and/or suture passing device(s) around post 20, as detailed below. Cannulation 11b extends along the body 11 to allow passage of flexible strands and of suture passing devices, as detailed below. Cylindrical portion 14 is provided at the proximal end 13 of the anchor 50 and contains a socket 19 (FIG. 103) configured to securely engage a tip of a driver. Openings/channels 16, 17 are positioned opposite to each other relative to the post 20 and also symmetrically located relative to the post 20, to allow flexible strand 30 (suture 30) and shuttle/pull device 40 (suture passing instrument 40 or shuttle 40) provided with eyelet or loop 44 to pass and slide threthrough.

[0030] Tensionable knotless anchor 50 is loaded with tensionable construct 99 formed of suture 30 attached to the shuttle/pull device 40. To assembly anchor 50, suture 30, which is typically braided or multi-filament, is preloaded onto the anchor by tying static knot 39, which prevents suture 30 from passing through distal blind hole 12a. The suture may also be preloaded by insert molding or by any other means known in the art. Suture 30 passes around post 20, which is large enough to allow suture 30 to take gradual turns instead of sharp turns. Suture 30 then passes through cannulation 11b and proximal blind hole 13a. Tensionable knotless anchor 50 is loaded onto a driver (not shown in FIGS. 102 and 103), and suture 30 is tied to the driver (for example, wrapped around a cleft of the driver) to fasten tensionable knotless anchor 50 securely to the driver.

[0031] Prior to the fastening of the anchor 50 to the driver, suture passing device 40 (for example, a FiberLink™ or a nitinol loop) is threaded through suture 30 (i.e., attached to the suture 30 through splice region 39), as shown in FIG. 103. Suture passing device 40 includes an eyelet/loop 44 for passing suture and, optionally, a pull-ring (not shown). Suture passing device 40 passes through an aperture of suture 30, located either proximal or distal to distal blind hole 12a. It then exits an aperture of suture 30, within the tensionable knotless anchor 50, traverses around post 20, and through proximal blind hole 13a. Tensionable knotless anchor 50 loaded with tensionable construct 99 (formed of suture 30 attached to the suture passing device 40) is then secured into bone (for example, into a hole/socket/tunnel formed in the bone) by using the driver. Suture 30 is then passed through or around the tissue which is to be reattached to bone. Suture 30 is subsequently passed through eyelet/loop 44 of the suture passing device 40. Suture passing device 40 is then pulled, thereby pulling suture 30 towards tensionable knotless anchor 50 so that it doubles on itself inside the body of the tensionable knotless anchor. The suture passing device 40 has also been further pulled through the splice region 38 of suture 30, to form a splice within the strand 30 and within the body of the anchor 50.

[0032] Anchor 50 may be a screw-in anchor or a push-in style anchor. Anchor 50 may be formed of metal, biocompatible plastic such as PEEK or a bioabsorbable PLLA material. Socket 19 at the distal end 13 of the anchor 50 is configured to securely engage a tip of a driver, as detailed below. The socket of the anchor 50 may have any shape adapted to receive a driver tip for tapping or screw-in style anchors. Tensionable knotless anchor 50 may be made of one or more pieces, or may be provided as an integrated device. As detailed below, the tensionable knotless anchor 50 may be modified to carry more than one suture/shuttle construct (i.e., more than a flexible strand 30 and a shuttle/pull device 40), or may be modified to carry no suture but only one or more shuttle/pull devices, etc.

[0033] Reference is now made to FIGS. 1-101 which illustrate various suture anchor constructs and methods of attaching soft tissue to other tissue such as bone with such constructs. For simplicity, the suture anchor constructs have been grouped into three categories A-C, or three Embodiments A-C, set forth below.

[0034] The following description is a summary of the various methods of using the knotless anchor:

[0035] FIGS. 1-14

[0036] 1) Simple Stitch Using Single Anchor to Attach Tissue for all Soft Tissue Repairs

• • [0037] a. Insert anchor 50 into bone 90 using driver 95, remove driver 95 exposing suture 30 and suture shuttle 40 (with wire loop 44) (FIGS. 1-4)
    • [0038] i. Can pre-drill bone hole 91 or tap
    • [0039] ii. Can go through tissue 80 or under it directly into bone 90
  • [0040] b. Pass suture 30 through tissue 80 using suture passing instrument 35 (FIGS. 5 and 6)
  • [0041] c. Feed suture 30 through loop 44 of suture shuttle 40 (FIG. 7)
  • [0042] d. Pull end of suture shuttle 40 to pull suture 30 through itself and the body of anchor 50 and create splice within the body of the anchor 50 (FIGS. 8-11)
  • [0043] e. Pull suture 30 until desired tension and tissue position is reached (FIGS. 12-14)
  • [0044] f. Cut suture 30 when repair is complete

[0045] FIGS. 15-17

• • [0046] Technique for tendon repair
  • [0047] a. Whipstitch suture tape 31 (for example, FiberTape® 31) on tendon 80
  • [0048] b. Create loop 31a at end of tendon 80 with FiberTape® 31
  • [0049] c. Pass end of suture 30 from knotless anchor 50 through loop 31a at end of tendon 80
  • [0050] d. Feed through loop 44 of suture shuttle 40 and complete steps d-f

[0051] FIGS. 18-21

• • [0052] Technique for Hip Labral Reconstruction using multiple knotless anchors 50a, 50b (similar to knotless anchor 50)
  • [0053] a. Insert Anchor 1 (anchor 50a) into bone at first edge 82a of segmental labral loss 82 of labrum 80 (FIG. 18)
  • [0054] b. Insert Anchor 2 (anchor 50b) into bone 90 at second edge 82b of segmental labral loss 82 of labrum 80 (FIG. 18)
  • [0055] c. Pass suture 30a from Anchor 1 (anchor 50a) through first end of labral graft 88 (FIG. 18)
  • [0056] d. Pass suture 30b from Anchor 2 (anchor 50b) through second end of labral graft 88 (FIG. 18)
  • [0057] e. Feed end of suture 30a from Anchor 1 (anchor 50a) back through cannula 70 and through the loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a of Anchor 1 (anchor 50a) (FIG. 18)
  • [0058] f. Continue to pass end of suture 30a through the accessory portal (FIG. 19)
  • [0059] g. Apply tension to end of suture through the accessory portal to parachute graft 88 into placement (FIGS. 19 and 20)
  • [0060] h. Feed end of suture 30b from Anchor 2 (anchor 50b) through loop 44b of suture shuttle 40b and up through accessory portal; apply tension through accessory portal in the direction of arrow A (FIG. 19) to “parachute” graft 88 into the joint
  • [0061] i. Apply tension to end of suture to complete placement of graft 88 (FIG. 20)
  • [0062] j. Tension both ends of suture 30a, 30b to desired tension; tension posterior anchor 50b for completing anterior and posterior fixation (FIG. 20)
  • [0063] k. Cut suture ends when repair completed (FIG. 21)
  • [0064] l. Place additional anchors as needed (for example, anchors 50c, 50d) between the ends of the graft 88 to achieve fixation of the middle segment and complete graft fixation (FIG. 21)

[0065] FIGS. 22-25

• • [0066] Technique for Hip Capsular Repair or Plication
  • [0067] a. Place anchors 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d in bone 90 along tear; once anchors 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d are placed, the sutures 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d are passed through capsule 80 with a suture passing instrument (such as Bird Beak or Lasso suture passer) (FIG. 22 shows only three anchors)
  • [0068] b. Using a suture passing instrument (not shown), pass suture 30a, 30b, 30c from each anchor 50a, 50b, 50c through capsule 80 (FIG. 22)
  • [0069] c. Feed each end of suture 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d through suture shuttle 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d of respective anchor 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d
  • [0070] d. Sequentially tension from medial to lateral each suture 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d to the desired tension; sutures are shuttled through anchors and sequentially tensioned medial to lateral (FIG. 24)
  • [0071] e. Cut suture ends when repair complete (FIG. 25)

[0072] FIGS. 26-32

[0073] 2) Simple Stitch—Single Anchor with Pass Suture Around Tissue and Attached to Bone

• • [0074] a. Insert anchor 50 into bone 90 using driver, remove driver exposing suture 30 and suture shuttle 40 with wire loop 44 (of the shuttle/pull device 40) (FIG. 26)
    • [0075] i. Can pre-drill bone hole or tap
  • [0076] b. Pass suture 30 around tissue 80 using a suture passing instrument (FIG. 27)
  • [0077] c. Feed suture 30 through loop 44 of suture shuttle 40 (FIG. 27)
  • [0078] d. Pull end of suture shuttle 40 to pull suture 30 through itself and the anchor body (FIGS. 28-30)
  • [0079] e. Pull suture 30 until desired tension and tissue position is reached (FIG. 31)
  • [0080] f. Cut suture 30 when repair is complete (FIG. 32)

[0081] FIGS. 33-39

[0082] Technique for Hip Labral Repair (looped stitch)

• • [0083] a. Drill all anchor holes 91a, 91b, 91c, 91d with drill 93 into hip 90 through Mid-Anterior Portal (MA) or Distal Anterior Accessory Portal (DAAP) or may drill one hole at a time (FIGS. 33 and 34); can use a 2-portal technique (antero-lateral portal (AL) and mid-anterior portal (MA)) or a 3-portal technique (antero-lateral portal (AL), distal-anterior accessory portal (DAAP) and anterior portal (A))
  • [0084] b. Place first anchor 50a (FIG. 35), pass suture 30a behind labrum 80 (FIG. 36), retrieve suture 30a on front side of labrum 80 using suture passing instrument (FIG. 37)
  • [0085] c. Feed end of suture 30a through loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a on anchor 50a (FIG. 37)
  • [0086] d. Pull end of shuttle 40a (nitinol shuttle) to pass suture 30a through itself and anchor 50a and form splice within the anchor (FIG. 37)
  • [0087] e. Place each subsequent anchor 50b, 50c, 50d, pass sutures 30b, 30c, 30d same as steps b-d
  • [0088] f. Can store suture tails through a portal (for example, anterior portal) or outside of cannula (FIG. 38)
  • [0089] g. Tension sutures to achieve desired placement and tension of labrum 80 (FIG. 39)

[0090] FIGS. 40-48

[0091] 3) Mattress Stitch-Using Single Anchor to Attach Tissue

• • [0092] a. Insert anchor 50 into bone 90 using driver, remove driver exposing suture 30 and suture passing construct 44 (wire loop 44 of shuttle 40) (FIG. 40)
    • [0093] i. Can pre-drill bone hole or tap
    • [0094] ii. Can go under tissue directly into bone
  • [0095] b. Using suture passing instrument, pass suture 30 up through the tissue 80 and back down through the tissue 80 (FIGS. 41-43)
  • [0096] c. Feed suture 30 through the suture shuttle 44 (FIG. 44)
  • [0097] d. Pull end of suture shuttle 44 to pull suture through itself and through the anchor body (FIGS. 45 and 46)
  • [0098] e. Continue to pull suture 30 until the tissue 80 is in desired position and tension (FIG. 47)
  • [0099] f. Cut suture 30 when repair is complete (FIG. 48)

[0100] FIGS. 49-51

[0101] Technique for Hip Gluteus Medius Repair-Transtendinous

• • [0102] a. Create longitudinal incision 84 in tendon 80, allows access to deep-sided tear 84a (FIG. 49)
  • [0103] b. Place anchor 50 through incision 84 (FIG. 50)
  • [0104] c. Pass anchor suture shuttle 40 with loop/eyelet 44 through anterior side 80a of tendon 80 (FIG. 50)
  • [0105] d. Pass suture 30 through posterior side 80b of tendon 80 (FIG. 50)
  • [0106] e. Feed end of suture 30 through loop 44 of suture shuttle 40 (FIG. 51)
  • [0107] f. Pull suture shuttle 40 to pass suture 30 through itself and the anchor body to complete horizontal mattress
  • [0108] g. Tension suture end in direction of arrow A until desired tension (FIG. 51)
  • [0109] h. Cut end of suture 30 when repair completed
  • [0110] i. May use additional anchors depending on the size of the tear

[0111] FIGS. 52 and 53

[0112] 4) Modified Anchor Rotator Cuff Repair

• • [0113] a. Anchor 150 is modified to have 2 sutures 30a, 30b loaded each with a suture shuttle 40a, 40b (with eyelets 44a, 44b) within a single anchor body; anchor 150 is similar in part to anchor 50 (a knotless SutureTak anchor) except for the fact that the post is optional and the anchor contains two or more sutures and suture shuttling devices (suture/nitinol constructs)
  • [0114] b. Anchor 150 has no post, sutures 30a, 30b are knotted at base of anchor 150 in knot 39 (FIG. 52); FIG. 52 shows an exemplary modified anchor 150 which is provided with no post but with two suture/nitinol loop constructs built within the anchor
  • [0115] c. Suture shuttle is inserted through a portion of the suture so both ends of shuttle extend from top of anchor as well as one end of suture
  • [0116] d. Insert Anchor 150 into bone 90 (a single anchor 150 can be used to hold the rotator cuff 80 together)
  • [0117] e. Using suture passer instrument, pass suture A (suture 30a) up through tissue 80 on one side of tear 84a (FIG. 53)
  • [0118] f. Feed suture A (suture 30a) through loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a
  • [0119] g. Pull suture shuttle 40a, pulling suture A (suture 30a) through itself and anchor body to create a splice within the anchor body
  • [0120] h. Using suture passer instrument, pass suture B (suture 30b) up through tissue 80 on opposite side of tear 84a
  • [0121] i. Feed suture B (suture 30b) through loop 44b of suture shuttle 40b
  • [0122] j. Pull suture shuttle 40b, pulling suture B (suture 30b) through itself and anchor body to create a second splice within the anchor body
  • [0123] k. Tension ends of suture A and B (sutures 30a and 30b) until desired tension is reached
  • [0124] l. Suture ends 30a, 30b may be cut when repair is complete (FIG. 53)

[0125] FIGS. 54-59

[0126] 1) Simple Stitch with Tied Mattress

• • [0127] a. Insert Anchor 1 (50a) into bone 90 using driver, remove driver exposing suture 30a and suture passing construct 40a with wire loop 44a
    • [0128] i. Can pre-drill bone hole or tap
    • [0129] ii. Can go through tissue or under it directly into bone
  • [0130] b. Using suture passing instrument, pass suture 30a through or around the tissue 80
  • [0131] c. Feed suture 30a through the loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a
  • [0132] d. Pull end of suture shuttle 40a to pull suture 30a through itself and through the anchor body to form inside splice (these are the same steps as Embodiment A1 steps a-d)
  • [0133] e. Pass the suture 30a back up through the tissue 80
  • [0134] f. Continue to pull suture 30a until the tissue is in desired position and tension
  • [0135] g. Insert Anchor 2 (50b) into desired position in bone 90, repeat steps b-f with suture 30b from Anchor 2 (50b)
  • [0136] h. Using suture passing instrument, pass suture 30b up through tissue 80 (FIG. 54)
  • [0137] i. Feed suture 30b through loop 44b of suture shuttle 40b (FIG. 55)
  • [0138] j. Pull end of suture shuttle 40b to pull suture 30b through itself and the anchor body to form another inside splice (FIG. 56)
  • [0139] k. Pass the suture 30b back up through the tissue 80 using suture passing instrument 35 (FIG. 57)
  • [0140] l. Pull ends of both sutures 30a, 30b until desired tension and tissue position is reached (FIG. 58)
  • [0141] m. Tie the suture limbs 30a, 30b of the two anchors 50a, 50b together in knot 39 to complete the mattress stitch (FIG. 59)
  • [0142] n. Cut the sutures 30a, 30b when repair is complete (FIG. 59)

[0143] FIGS. 60-71

[0144] 2) Interlocked Looped Mattress Over Two Anchors

• • [0145] a. Insert Anchor 1 (50a) into bone 90 using driver, remove driver exposing suture 30a and suture passing construct 40a with wire loop 44a
    • [0146] i. Can pre-drill bone hole or tap
    • [0147] ii. Can go under tissue directly into bone
  • [0148] b. Using suture passing instrument 35, pass suture 30a up through the tissue 80 and back down through the tissue 80 (FIGS. 60 and 61)
  • [0149] c. Feed suture 30a through the loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a (FIG. 62)
  • [0150] d. Pull end of suture shuttle 40a to pull suture 30a through itself and through the anchor body to form splice within the anchor body
  • [0151] e. Continue to pull suture, leaving slack in loop 32a above the tissue 80 to pass the second suture 30b through it (FIG. 63)
  • [0152] f. Insert Anchor 2 (50b), remove driver, pass suture 30b from Anchor 2 (50b) up through tissue 80 using suture passing instrument 35 (FIG. 64)
  • [0153] g. Pass suture 30b through the suture loop 32a of Anchor 1 (50a) (FIG. 65)
  • [0154] h. Pass suture 30b back down through the tissue 80 (FIG. 66)
  • [0155] i. Feed end of suture 30b through loop 44b of the suture shuttle 40b of Anchor 2 (50b) (FIG. 67)
  • [0156] j. Pull end of suture shuttle 40b to pull suture 30b through itself and body of Anchor 2 (50b) to form another splice and leaving two interlocked loops 32a, 32b above the tissue 80 (FIG. 68)
  • [0157] k. Pull the two sutures 30a, 30b to the desired tension to complete the mattress stitch (FIGS. 69 and 70)
  • [0158] l. Cut the sutures 30a, 30b when the repair is complete (FIG. 71, also showing top view of the inserted anchors 50a, 50b)

[0159] FIGS. 72-75

[0160] 3) Two or More Anchors in Daisy Chain

• • [0161] a. Insert Anchor I (50a), insert Anchor II (50b), insert Anchor III (50c) all in bone 90, remove drivers (FIG. 72)
  • [0162] b. Using suture passing instrument, pass suture 30a of Anchor I (50a) up through the tissue 80
  • [0163] c. Feed the suture I (30a) through loop 44b of the suture shuttle 40b of Anchor II (50b)
  • [0164] d. Pass suture II (30b) of Anchor II (50b) up through tissue 80, feed through loop 44c of suture shuttle 40c of Anchor III (50c)
  • [0165] e. Pass the suture III (30c) up through tissue 80, feed through loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a of Anchor I (50a) (FIG. 73)
  • [0166] f. Pull suture shuttles 40a, 40b, 40c and respective sutures 30a, 30b, 30c through body of Anchors 50a, 50b, 50c (FIG. 74) to form respective splices within each of these anchors
  • [0167] g. Tighten sutures 30a, 30b, 30c until desired tension (FIG. 75)
  • [0168] h. Cut all sutures 30a, 30b, 30c when repair completed
  • [0169] i. Option: can be repeated with any number of anchors, in any order

[0170] FIGS. 76-95

[0171] 4) Double Row Rotator Cuff or Achilles Tendon Repair Using Daisy Chain

• • [0172] a. Drill holes 91a, 91b, 91c, 91d for all 4 anchors 50a, 50b, 50c, 50d, two anchors under tissue 80 and two anchors on outside edge of tissue 80 (FIGS. 76 and 77)
  • [0173] b. Place Anchor I (50a) and Anchor III (50c), using suture passing instrument pass suture 30a and suture shuttle 40a with loop 44a from Anchor I (50a) up through tissue 80 (FIG. 78)
  • [0174] c. Feed end of suture I (30a) through loop 44c of suture shuttle 40c of Anchor III (50c) and shuttle suture through Anchor III (50c) (FIGS. 79 and 80)
  • [0175] d. Pull end of suture I (30a) until desired tension reached and insert Anchor II (50b) (FIG. 81)
  • [0176] e. Pass suture II (30b) and suture shuttle 40b with loop 44b up through tissue (FIGS. 82 and 83)
  • [0177] f. Feed end of suture III (30c) through loop 44b of suture shuttle 40b of Anchor II (50b) and shuttle suture III (30c) through Anchor II (50b) (FIG. 84)
  • [0178] g. Pull end of suture III (30c) until desired tension reached (FIG. 85)
  • [0179] h. Insert Anchor IV (50d) with suture 30d and shuttle loop 44d (FIG. 86)
  • [0180] i. Feed end of suture II (30b) through loop 44d of suture shuttle 40d of Anchor IV (50d) (FIG. 87)
  • [0181] j. Shuttle suture II (30b) through Anchor IV (50d) (FIG. 88)
  • [0182] k. Pull end of suture II (30b) until desired tension reached (FIG. 89)
  • [0183] l. Feed end of suture IV (30d) through loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a of Anchor I (50a) (FIG. 90)
  • [0184] m. Shuttle suture IV (30d) through Anchor I (50a) (FIG. 91)
  • [0185] n. Pull end of suture IV (30d) until desired tension reached (FIGS. 92 and 93)
  • [0186] o. Pull ends of sutures I, II, III, and IV (30a, 30b, 30c, 30d) to complete repair (FIG. 94)
  • [0187] p. Cut ends of sutures 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d (FIG. 95)

[0188] FIGS. 96-99

[0189] 1) Two Anchor Mattress with Suture Shuttle (Anchor 1 is Anchor 50a, Anchor 2 is a Modified Anchor 250 in that it has No Suture, Only Suture Shuttle 40b with Loop 44b)

• • [0190] a. Insert Anchor 1 (50a) into bone 90 through or under tissue 80 and remove driver exposing suture 30a and loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a
  • [0191] b. Insert Anchor 2 (250) into bone 90 and remove driver exposing suture shuttle 40b with loop 44b (FIG. 96)
  • [0192] c. Using suture passing instrument, pass the suture 30a from Anchor 1 (50a) up through the tissue 80
  • [0193] d. Using suture passing instrument, pass suture through tissue near site of Anchor 2 (250)
    • [0194] i. Optional: pass suture shuttle 40b of Anchor 2 (250) through tissue 80 near Anchor 2 (250)
  • [0195] e. Feed suture 30a through the loop 44b of suture shuttle 40b of Anchor 2 (250) (FIG. 97)
  • [0196] f. Pull end of suture shuttle 40b to pass suture 30a through the body of Anchor 2 (250) and form splice within the anchor body
    • [0197] i. If used Optional d.i. step, then using shuttle 40b, pull suture 30a down through tissue 80, through Anchor 2 (250) body and back up through tissue 80, skip to step h
  • [0198] g. Pass the suture 30a up through the tissue 80 near Anchor 2 (250)
  • [0199] h. Pass the suture 30a down through the tissue 80 near Anchor 1 (50a)
  • [0200] i. Feed the suture 30a through the loop 44a of suture shuttle 40a of Anchor 1 (50a) (FIG. 98)
  • [0201] j. Pull end 40a of the suture shuttle to pass suture 30a through itself and body of Anchor 1 (50a) and form splice within the anchor body (FIG. 99)
  • [0202] k. Pull the suture 30a until the desired placement of the tissue 80 and tension is reached
  • [0203] l. Cut suture 30a to complete the repair (FIG. 99)

[0204] FIGS. 100 and 101

• • [0205] Options: Rotator Cuff Repair using two Anchor 2 (250) for medial row and two Anchor 1 (50a) for the lateral row or Anchor 1 (50a) for medial row and Anchor 2 (250) for lateral row (FIG. 100)

[0206] FIG. 101

[0207] 2) Modified Knotless Anchors in Double Row Construct

• • [0208] a. Anchor 1 is modified to accommodate 2 sutures (1A & 1B) and 2 suture shuttles; anchor 1 is similar to anchor 150 of FIG. 52
  • [0209] b. Anchor 2 (350) is modified to accommodate 2 suture shuttles (2A & 2B) without any suture
  • [0210] c. Insert Anchor 1 into bone for the lateral row
  • [0211] d. Insert two Anchor 2 (350) into bone for the medial row
  • [0212] e. Using suture passing instrument pass suture 1A from Anchor 1 through tissue near Anchor 2
  • [0213] f. Feed suture 1A through suture shuttle 2A of Anchor 2
  • [0214] g. Pull suture 1A through body of Anchor 2 and back up through tissue
  • [0215] h. Feed suture 1A through suture shuttle 1A of Anchor 1
  • [0216] i. Pull suture shuttle 1A and suture 1A through itself and the body of Anchor 1
  • [0217] j. Pull until desired tension and tissue position obtained
  • [0218] k. Using suture passing instrument, pass suture 1B from Anchor 1 through tissue near 2^nd Anchor 2
  • [0219] l. Feed suture 1B through suture shuttle 2A of 2^nd Anchor 2
  • [0220] m. Pull suture 1B through body of 2^nd Anchor 2 and back up through tissue
  • [0221] n. Feed suture 1B through suture shuttle of Anchor 1
  • [0222] o. Pull suture shuttle and suture 1B through itself and body of Anchor 1
  • [0223] p. Pull suture 1B until desired tension and tissue position obtained
  • [0224] q. Insert 2^nd Anchor 1 into bone for the lateral row
  • [0225] r. Using suture passing instrument pass suture 1A of 2^nd Anchor 1 through tissue near Anchor 2
  • [0226] s. Feed suture 1A through suture shuttle 2B of Anchor 2
  • [0227] t. Pull suture 1A through body of Anchor 2 and back up through tissue
  • [0228] u. Feed suture 1A through suture shuttle 1A of 2^nd Anchor 1
  • [0229] v. Pull suture shuttle 1A and suture 1A through itself and body of 2^nd Anchor 1
  • [0230] w. Pull until desired tension and tissue position obtained

[0231] x. Using suture passing instrument, pass suture 1B from 2^nd Anchor 1 through tissue near 2^nd Anchor 2

• • [0232] y. Feed suture 1B through suture shuttle 2B of 2^nd Anchor 2

[0233] z. Pull suture 1B through body of 2^nd Anchor 2 and up through tissue

• • [0234] aa. Feed suture 1B through suture shuttle of 2^nd Anchor 1
  • [0235] bb. Pull suture shuttle and suture 1B through itself and body of 2^nd Anchor 1
  • [0236] cc. Pull suture 1B until desired tension and tissue position is obtained
  • [0237] dd. Cut all suture ends when repair is complete
  • [0238] Options: Any suture can be loaded through any anchor as long as all splices are tightened.

[0239] The knotless suture constructs and systems of the present invention are used in conjunction with any knotless fixation devices which can allow a flexible strand and attached suture passing device to form a splice within the body of the fixation device. The fixation devices may be any of swivel and/or screw-in suture anchors and/or push-in suture anchors (such as an Arthrex SwiveLock® anchor, disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0004659 or a PushLock® anchor, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,329,272). The fixation devices may be also any anchors, implants or screws (such as interference screws or tenodesis screws) or any fixation element that allows attachment/fixation of the knotless suture construct to bone. The fixation devices/implants may have various sizes (various diameters and/or lengths) and may be formed of biocompatible materials such as PEEK, biocomposite materials, metals and/or metal alloys, or combination of such materials, among others.

[0240] The flexible strand 30 may be a high-strength suture, such as an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture which is the preferred material as this material allows easy splicing. Alternatively, the high strength suture may be a FiberWire® suture, which is disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,716,234, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. FiberWire®suture is formed of an advanced, high-strength fiber material, namely ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), sold under the tradenames Spectra (Honeywell) and Dyneema (DSM), braided with at least one other fiber, natural or synthetic, to form lengths of suture material. The preferred FiberWire® suture includes a core within a hollow braided construct, the core being a twisted yarn of UHMWPE. Typically the suture will be UHWMPE suture without a core to permit ease of splicing. The shuttle/pull device may be a shuttle/pull suture device such as a FiberLink™ or a Nitinol loop.

[0241] The strands may also be formed of a stiff material, or combination of stiff and flexible materials, depending on the intended application. The strands may be also formed of suture tape or a combination of suture and tape, a stiff material, or combination of stiff and flexible materials, depending on the intended application. The strands may be also coated and/or provided in different colors. The knotless anchors of the present invention can be used with any type of flexible material or suture that forms a splice and a loop.

[0242] The knotless suture constructs also include sutures that are spliced—at least in part—in a manner similar to an Arthrex ACL TightRope®, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2010/0256677 and 2010/0268273, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.

[0243] While the present invention is described herein with reference to illustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Those having ordinary skill in the art and access to the teachings provided herein will recognize additional modifications, applications, embodiments and substitution of equivalents all fall within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is to be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.