Uniquely multi-functional exercise device

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/218,951, filed Sep. 2, 2005, entitled “Uniquely Multi-Functional Exercise Device,” the contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] Not Applicable

[0003] Not Applicable

[0004] The invention relates to an exercise device, more specifically to an exercise machine, capable of providing a choice of a wide variety of resistance exercises to a diverse population of users with varying needs.

[0005] Interest in resistance training is growing as we have come to better understand its myriad benefits. Resistance trainers come in all sizes, shapes, genders, and ages, vary in their physical abilities and have a wide variety of rationales for their training, rationales which may well change within the same individual over time. Some resistance exercisers train for general fitness, others to gain or lose weight, still others to improve their sports performance, and still others use resistance training for rehabilitative purposes. Trainers pursuing improved sports performance and rehabilitation often find it difficult, if not impossible, to perform resistance exercises that closely simulate the movements of the sports activities or those involved in daily living. Moreover, many trainers have multiple objectives and their emphasis on one or another of those objectives can shift in the short or long term.

[0006] While needs are broad, vary from individual to individual, and can change, economic, time and space limitations, constrain the commercial enterprises that offer resistance training. That is, it is difficult to provide resistance training equipment that meets the needs of all their actual and potential customers. Those who train at home generally face even more severe constraints of this nature. Consequently, there is always a desire for resistance training equipment that is more versatile.

[0007] Information relevant to attempts to address these problems can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 2004/0157711A1 to Regev, 2003/0060343 to Sechrest et. al., 2002/0193213 to Batca et al., 2002/0137605 to Olsen, 2002/0111254 to O'Hearn, 2002/0086777 to Charnitski, and issued patents U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,505 to Chang, U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,612 to Sechrest et. al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,937 to Voris, U.S. Pat. No. 6,302,833 to Ellis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,474 to Jones, U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,323 to Simonson, U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,020 to Webber, U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,116 to Gautier, U.S. Pat. No. 5,468,202 to Habing, U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,480 to Fulks, U.S. Pat. No. 5,370,595 to Voris et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,161 to Loubert et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,263,914 to Simonson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,121 to Sollow et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,888 to Szabo and U.S. Pat. No. 4,231,568 to Riley et al.

[0008] However, each one of these references suffers from one or more of the following disadvantages:

• • [0009] 1) Lack of ability to provide the resistance patterns of certain athletic or sports events, rehabilitation exercises or activities of daily living.
  • [0010] 2) Significant limits on the variety of exercises that can be performed.
  • [0011] 3) Significant limits on the height, angular range, and diameter of rotation that is possible.
  • [0012] 4) Inability to select and fix the angle of the exercise to be performed.
  • [0013] 5) Inability to permit consistent resistance for both linear and rotational exercises.
  • [0014] 6) Inability to permit both guided and freer movements.
  • [0015] 7) Need for multiple stations.
  • [0016] 8) Inability to serve trainers in standing, sitting, and reclining positions.
  • [0017] 9) Lack of adequate adjustability for trainees of differing sizes and capabilities.
  • [0018] 10) Requirement for complex lever, gear or other mechanisms for transmitting force from a resistance source to the user.

[0019] For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for a machine that can provide consistent linear and rotational resistance at virtually any height relative to the user, at any angle, in any arc plane and angular range, both linearly rotationally, guided and free in a relatively simple way. Various versions of the apparatus described herein address all of the aforementioned deficiencies. Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the drawings and ensuing description.

[0020] The present apparatus that satisfies the need for consistent linear and rotational resistance, can accommodate users of practically any height, and permits the user to select from a wide range of linear and rotational resistance heights and directions, and a very wide arc size and arc angle range on a single apparatus.

[0021] The apparatus comprises a frame and a carriage that can be adjusted in height and/or angle relative to the frame. The carriage supports one or more force transmitters to which is attached a flexible connector that is linked to a resistance source. The carriage is adapted to permit each force transmitter to move in at least one degree of freedom relative to the carriage, while the carriage is itself capable of supporting the force transmitter in a plurality of fixed positions relative to the frame. In some preferred versions of the apparatus, the force transmitter translates along the horizontal axis of the carriage. In other embodiments, the transmitter is a spool that rotates relative to the carriage. In still other embodiments, one carriage supports both kinds of force transmitters.

[0022] Similarly, some embodiments of the apparatus enable the height of the force transmitter relative to the user to be adjusted. In other embodiments, the axis of rotation of the force transmitter can be adjusted and in still other embodiments, both kinds of adjustments are enabled. In all cases, the position of the transmitter relative to the user can be fixed once it is selected by the user.

[0023] When the force transmitter is a spool, a rigid arm can be attached to a shaft that supports the spool, enabling the user to apply force to apply angular force the rigid arm to perform an exercise that involves a rotational motion.

[0024] Through the use of pivoting mechanisms, the angle of the carriage, or sections thereof, relative to the frame, can be adjusted around a horizontal, a vertical axis, or both, permitting the user to exercise in a wide variety of directions.

[0025] In a number of preferred embodiments, the diameter, degree and plane of any angular rotation, as well as the height at which it occurs, are selected by the user. The user is able to employ the device while standing, sitting, or reclining. Implements are added to the end of the flexible connector or crank arm to simulate the movements of many sports and permit many rehabilitative exercises to be performed.

[0026] The unprecedented adjustability of the apparatus enables the user to perform the vast majority of resistance exercises ever invented and some that have never been performed before.

[0027] The apparatus described above generally permits the user to experience highly adjustable levels of resistance in only one direction with a given position of the spooling force transmitter relative to the frame of the apparatus. That adjustability of the apparatus permits the user to generate resistance in a virtually unlimited variety of directions, but mainly by adjusting the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the spool shaft relative to the frame. Another embodiment permits the user to experience bi-directional resistance without altering the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the spool shaft relative to the frame, merely by making a simple adjustment to the rigid arm angle relative to the spooling force transmitter. This as accomplished by modifying the apparatus so that the spool shaft is repositioned relative to the carriage and introducing a set of deflecting pulleys between the spooling force transmitter and the carriage.

[0028] In the drawings, some closely related figures have the same number but different alphabetic suffixes.

[0029] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present apparatus will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:

[0030] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus with a spooling force transmitter capable of pivoting on its positioning axis. FIG. 1A shows a detail of the spool pivoting mechanism integrated with the carriage shown in FIG. 1.

[0031] FIG. 1B shows an alternative version of the spool pivoting mechanism shown in FIG. 1 having three tubes connected to the carriage.

[0032] FIG. 2 shows another version of the apparatus with a rotating outside tube and the force transmitting spool supporting arms mounted on the outside of the rotating tube.

[0033] FIG. 3 shows a version of the apparatus with a two carriage sections, one frame adjacent section and one rotating section pivoting itself with the spool mounted on it.

[0034] FIG. 4 shows another variation of the spool pivoting device shown in FIG. 1, with a circular plate spool angle locking device mounted on the carriage.

[0035] FIG. 5 shows a pivoting device similar to the one shown in FIG. 4 but with the circular plate mounted on the spool support arms and a clamp to adjust the carriage's height.

[0036] FIG. 6 shows and exploded detail of the kind of tube set used in FIGS. 5 and 6 to enable pivoting of the spool.

[0037] FIG. 7 shows an exploded detail of the pivoting carriage shown in FIG. 4.

[0038] FIG. 8 shows an exploded detail of the rigid arm coupler and the rigid arm with counterweight shown in FIG. 1.

[0039] FIG. 9 shows a pivoting carriage similar to that in FIG. 4 but with the carriage supported by a horizontal rigid frame member and the carriage pivoting capability enabled by a cup-shaped member supporting a circular plate instead of a tube. FIG. 9A shows an exploded detail of the alternative carriage pivot mechanism from the left rear side of the apparatus (as compared with the front right side perspective view in FIG. 9).

[0040] FIG. 10 shows a version of the apparatus with a vertical axis carriage pivot mechanism and a constraint mechanism.

[0041] FIG. 10A shows the apparatus in FIG. 10 with the carriage turned on the vertical axis pivot mechanism 90 degrees from the position shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 10B shows an exploded detail of the vertical axis pivot mechanism shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 10C shows another detailed view of the vertical axis pivot mechanism and constraint shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 10D shows a detail of an alternative version of the pivot mechanism to the one detailed in FIG. 10B.

[0042] FIG. 11 shows a carriage that supports a force transmitting spool at a variety of heights using a horizontal axis pivot mechanism. FIG. 11 A shows a detail of the horizontal axis carriage pivoting mechanism shown in FIG. 11.

[0043] FIG. 12 shows another variation of the horizontal axis pivoting type of carriage shown in FIG. 11, with the carriage and the carriage itself mounted on a horizontal frame member.

[0044] FIG. 13 shows a version of the apparatus in which the connection of the rigid arm to the spooling force transmitter is direct. FIG. 13A shows a detail of another version of the rigid arm to spool connection.

[0045] FIG. 14 shows a version of the apparatus with a horizontal axis carriage pivot, the carriage having 2 sections, each with only one carriage wall.

[0046] FIG. 15 shows a variation of the horizontal carriage pivoting mechanism shown in FIG. 1.

[0047] FIG. 16 shows another version of the apparatus, this version having a carriage with three sections.

[0048] FIG. 17 shows a detail of a carriage in which the vertical and horizontal carriage pivot mechanisms are combined.

[0049] FIG. 18 another preferred version of the apparatus which is similar to the one in FIG. 1 but to which a second carriage adapted to support a set of pulleys configured in what those familiar with the exercise industry will recognize as a cable column mechanism has been added. FIG. 18A shows an apparatus similar in functionality to the one shown in FIG. 18 but with the added pulley set being attached to the underside of the carriage.

[0050] FIG. 19 shows a version of the apparatus with only a translating force transmitter mounted inside the carriage.

[0051] FIG. 20 shows an additional version of the apparatus with only a translating force transmitter, the transmitter mounted outside the carriage.

[0052] FIG. 21 shows the same apparatus as FIG. 20 but with the carriage tilted up on its horizontal axis at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the carriage shown in FIG. 20.

[0053] FIG. 22 shows a version of the apparatus similar to that shown in FIG. 1 but with two carriages that support both translating and spooling force transmitters.

[0054] FIG. 23 shows another version of the apparatus similar to the apparatus in FIG. 22 but in which one carriage supports only a spooling force transmitter and the other carriage supports only a translating force transmitter.

[0055] FIG. 24 shows a version of the apparatus similar to the one in FIG. 22 but with each carriage only supporting a spooling force transmitter.

[0056] FIG. 25 shows an exploded view of another version of the vertical axis pivot mechanism but was introduced in FIG. 10.

[0057] FIG. 26 shows the detail of the whiffletree mechanism that is employed but not visible in the version of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.

[0058] FIG. 27 shows the detail of a combined and whiffletree translating tube attachment mechanism that is employed but not visible in the apparatus in FIG. 65.

[0059] FIG. 28 shows the detail of the flexible connector and translator coupler that is used but not visible in FIG. 22.

[0060] FIGS. 29-32C show alternative approaches to the one shown in FIG. 1 that can be used to adjust the effective length of the rigid arm.

[0061] FIG. 33 shows the detail of the angle locking mechanism first presented in FIG. 1. FIG. 33A provides the detail of an exploded version of the mechanism shown in FIG. 33.

[0062] FIG. 34 shows a spool angle clamp that as an alternative to the angle adjustment mechanism shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 34 A shows an exploded detail of the clamp in FIG. 34.

[0063] FIG. 35 shows a worm gear angle locking mechanism while FIG. 35A shows further detail of that mechanism.

[0064] FIG. 36 shows a simple angle locking mechanism with a threaded hole in the outer tube and a screw that is tightened against the inner tube.

[0065] FIG. 37 shows an alternative to the counterweighted rigid arm shown in FIG. 1 FIG. 37A shows an additional alternative version of the counterweight mechanism.

[0066] FIGS. 38-41, 42 A-B and 43-46 show a series of mechanisms for coupling and decoupling the rigid arm and spool shaft.

[0067] FIG. 47 shows right side view detail of the angle measurement mechanism and the reverse motion brake shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 47A shows an alternative to the structure shown in FIG. 47 with brake that includes a more precise start angle adjustment mechanism.

[0068] FIG. 48 shows the detail of the mechanism that permits one carriage to vary its distance from the other, first shown in FIG. 22 (a width adjustment mechanism).

[0069] FIG. 49 shows another version of the width adjustment, mechanism.

[0070] FIG. 50 shows a alternative version of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 with a flexible connector coupler added so that the apparatus employed as a pulley system in addition to a spooling system.

[0071] FIG. 51 shows a detail of the speed measurement mechanism of FIG. 22.

[0072] FIGS. 52 and 53 show alternative versions of the speed measurement mechanism introduced in FIG. 22

[0073] FIG. 54 shows a detail of the locational indicator of the apparatus in FIG. 22.

[0074] FIGS. 55 and 56 show alternative locational indicators.

[0075] FIG. 57 through 60 show various views and details of mechanisms for coupling and decoupling the spool from the flexible connector so that the spool can be used as a pulley.

[0076] FIGS. 61 and 62 show how the addition of various exercise benches can be used in conjunction with the apparatus, increasing the number of available exercise options.

[0077] FIG. 63 shows a stick figure of a user simulating a swing with a baseball or softball bat by connecting a bat handle-shaped implement to the rigid arm.

[0078] FIG. 64 shows a similar stick figure simulating a golf swing with a different shaped implement attached to the rigid arm when it is set in a different position.

[0079] FIG. 65 shows a preferred embodiment of the apparatus similar to the one shown in FIG. 1 but with the carriage supporting both a spooling and a translating force transmitter.

[0080] FIG. 66 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the apparatus with bi-directional resistance capabilities created by adding a set of deflecting pulleys between the carriage and the spooling force transmitter and repositioning the transmitter relative to the carriage. FIG. 66A shows the detail of the deflecting pulleys and spooling force transmitter.

[0081]

	101-101e	translating force transmitter
	101ct	top of translating force transmitter
	101ct	bottom of translating force transmitter
	102-102e	spooling force transmitter
	106	curved shaft end
	107	bar support rail
	108	user handle
	109	bar support connector
	110	rigid arm coupler
	111	hole in bar support connector
	112	spool rim hole
	113	non-adjustable decoupler
	114	deep recess
	116	spool wall hole
	117	slot in sleeve
	118	end ring
	119	spring loaded ball
	120-120a	flexible connector coupler
	121 121a	end ring locking pin
	122-122a	spool shaft
	126	spool rim
	128	retaining sleeve head
	129	retaining sleeve
	131	end cylinder
	142	spool wall
	165	curved receptacle
	166	curved receptacle base
	167-167a	hole parallel to spool shaft
	170-170d	hole in rigid arm
	171	hole perpendicular to spool shaft
	182	curved and flat end
	184	gear on shaft
	185	gear receptacle
	188-188a	flat sided end
	189	slot in rigid arm
	192	rigid arm sleeve
	195	flexible connector link
	196-196a	flat inner side receptacle
	197	pivoting spool rim pin mechanism
	198	curved and flat receptacle
	199	spool rim pin
	200	angle locking mechanism
	212	adjustment slot
	214	angle-adjustment ring and pin
	216	ring opening
	218	tube-screw support
	221	ring on bolt
	222	ring shaft
	224	screw-adjustment bolt
	226	threaded adjustment-angle ring
	228	screw-adjustment bolt thread
	231	angle-adjustment screw handle
	232	screw-adjustment bolt shaft
	236	adjustment screw head
	238	bracket extension
	241	worm gear screw-ring
	242	worm gear bracket
	244	worm gear screw
	246	worm gear
	248	worm gear screw-handle
	249	worm gear screw head
	250	worm gear angle adjuster
	251	pivoting angle-locking clamp
	252	large clamp ring
	254	left clamp ring
	256	right clamp ring
	258	upper clamp extension
	259	clamp ring pivot
	262	ring constraint
	264	hole for constraint pin
	266	threaded bolt hole
	268	clamp pivot hole
	300-300aa	carriage
	302-302n	carriage wall
	303-303r	carriage wall hole
	304	carriage extension plate
	305	frame extension plate
	306	carriage stabilization plate
	307-307a	pivot hole in carriage wall
	308	carriage sleeve
	310-310n	frame adjacent section
	311	pivot support
	312	carriage attachment fixture
	316-316	horizontal pivot pin
	318	carriage roller
	320-320h	pivotable on horizontal axis section
	330-330a	horizontal axis pivoting mechanism
	331	stabilizer arm
	331R	rear stabilizer arm
	332	slot in stabilizer arm
	333	combined vertically and horizontally
		pivotable carriage section
	335-335a	pivot frame
	336	hole in shaft
	337	vertical pivot shaft
	338	pivot hole
	339	pivot base
	340-340c	pivotable on vertical axis section
	341	combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft
	342	hole in base
	345-345b	carriage counterweight arm
	350-350d	vertical axis pivot mechanism
	359-359a	rigid arm to spool connector
	360-360a	rotating section
	361	rotating and horizontal pivoting section
	363	counterweight pulley
	365	counterweight flexible connector
	367	carriage counterweight
	390-390i	rigid arm
	396-396a	handle sleeve
	397	hole in handle sleeve
	398	inside rigid arm handle
	400-400b	start angle adjustment and brake
	401	inside crank arm hole
	403	rectangular arm end
	404	inside counterweight arm
	406	counterweight on sliding arm
	408	sliding counterweight
	410-410b	counterweighted rigid arm
	411	arm extension
	412	counterweight hole
	413	counterweight
	414-414a	start angle stopper
	419	start angle bracket
	421	start angle arm
	422	hole in start angle bracket
	424	shaft hole
	430	frame
	432-432e	vertical rigid member
	432g	second vertical rigid member
	434-434a	horizontal frame member
	436	width adjustment mechanism
	437	wheel
	438	width track
	439	take-up slide
	441	take-up tube
	443	width tube
	442	take-up rail
	444	frame dolly
	445	hole in width track
	446	hole in take-up rail
	450-450e	tube set
	452-452d	spool support
	453	spool support and circular plate connector
	454-454m	fixed tube
	454bt and 454nt	top of fixed tube
	454bb and 454nb	bottom of fixed tube
	455	tube support
	456-456k	rotating tube
	457	tube extension
	459	slot in tube
	461	key
	462	key channel in transmitter
	463	key channel in fixed tube
	468-468b	tube-retaining ring
	471	flange
	472	solid end with hole
	473	pivot ring
	476	flexible connector
	477	middle connector
	478-478b	first end
	479-479b	second end
	481	rear section
	487	front section
	490-490a	flexible connector and translator
		coupler
	492	resistance pulley
	494	resistance source
	495-495d	closed end loop
	496	open end loop
	498	front carriage pin
	499L	left rear carriage pin
	499R	right rear carriage pin
	500	redirection assembly
	508	redirecting tube set
	522	rail connector
	524	rear rail
	525-525a	carriage connector arm
	526	pulley support
	527	redirecting pulley support
	530	constraint mechanism
	531	redirection pin
	533	redirection ring
	534	maintenance arm slot
	536	angle-maintenance rail
	538	hole in angle-maintenance rail
	540	angle-maintenance arm sleeve
	544	angle-maintenance arm
	545	hole in maintenance arm
	546	hole in maintenance sleeve
	551	carriage pulley
	552	redirecting pulley
	554	pulley rim
	555	vertical carriage extension
	556-556c	pulley shaft
	558-558a	frame pulley
	561	perpendicular carriage pulley
	562	user pulley
	565	take-up pulley
	576	magnetic field sensor
	578	magnet
	580-580b	speed measurement device
	582	CPU
	584	sensor to CPU wire
	600-600b	angle measurement mechanism
	607	numerical angle indicia
	608	angle indicia
	626	center pivot
	628-628a	arm
	630	whiffletree
	632	side pivot
	640	combination whiffletree and translating
		force transmitter coupler
	652	bench
	654	golf implement
	656	lower legs
	662	baseball bat implement
	664	stick figure user
	666	tubular figure
	668	upright bench
	678	squares
	680	locational indicator
	681	user platform
	682	platform transparent layer
	684	platform opaque layer
	688	grid lines
	691	grid indicia
	700	screw clamp
	701-701ab	locking pin
	702L	left clamp side
	702R	right clamp side
	703	hole in extension
	704L	left lower clamp extension
	704R	right lower clamp extension
	705	threaded hole in extension
	706L	left clamp extension
	706R	right upper clamp extension
	708-708d	bolt
	710-710b	hinged clamp
	711-711d	bolt handle
	712-712a	threaded hole
	714-714c	rigid user handle
	716-716b	hole in plate
	717	frame pin
	718-718j	hole in frame
	719	pivot pin
	721-721a	opening
	722-722c	circular plate
	725-725j	hole in tube
	726-726c	sliding tube
	727	winch
	729-729a	hole in sleeve
	730	hole in flange
	731	hole in spool
	732	pin fastener
	733	rotating tube hole
	734	rotational axis
	735	flexible connector longitudinal axis
	736	carriage longitudinal axis
	737	fixed tube longitudinal axis
	738	rotating tube longitudinal axis
	739	positioning axis
	740	shared longitudinal axis
	741	vertical axis
	742	horizontal axis
	744	section angle
	745a-745h	removable rigid arm coupler
	746	translating force
	802	first deflecting pulley
	803	second deflecting pulley
	805	shaft hole in rigid arm
	806	rigid arm angle adjustment hole
	807	shaft hole in spool support
	808	clockwise direction
	809	counterclockwise direction
	810	frame adjacent end
	811	support end

Definitions

[0082] The following terms used in the description of the versions of the apparatus described:

[0083] Flexible Connector—A flexible entity capable of wrapping around a spool, such as a cable, rope, belt, band or chain, the entity made of a material of sufficient strength to transmit force between a user and an apparatus which opposes the force generated by the user.

[0084] Resistance Source—An apparatus that provides resistance to the exerciser, such as weight plates, weight stacks, flat or coiled springs made of metals, plastics and similar materials, hydraulic pistons, flywheels, elastic bands, cords and cables, lever arms and frictional devices.

[0085] Carriage—A mechanism connected to a frame, at least a part of which is movable relative to the frame.

[0086] Spool—A device having a curved rim and adapted to have a flexible connector affixed to it while engaging the connector on its rim such that the connector can be wrapped around the rim when the spool is turned.

[0087] A preferred embodiment of the apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 1. The apparatus has a frame 430 and a vertical rigid member 432, which supports a carriage 300 having a frame adjacent section 310 which is adjacent to the vertical rigid member 432 and a pivot on horizontal axis section 320 that is connected to the frame adjacent section 310 via a horizontal axis pivot mechanism 330. It should be noted that the carriage sections shown in FIG. 1 and in subsequent figures are generally assemblies and are identified by lead lines with arrowheads pointing to those sections. However, the carriages 300 (and 300 with suffixes such as 300a) are often comprised of two or more sections. In such a case the carriage has a larger arrowhead than the arrowhead(s) pointing to the sections it subsumes.

[0088] In FIG. 1, each carriage section has a pair of carriage walls 302 on either side of the section, which supplies strength and rigidity to that carriage section (although one wall sections could be used, an example of which is shown in FIG. 14). In FIG. 1, the carriage 300 is adapted for positioning its height relative to the frame through the frame adjacent section 310. The frame adjacent section 310 can be fixed at various heights along the vertical rigid member 432 by aligning a carriage wall hole 303b in one of the carriage walls 302a of the frame adjacent section 310 with a hole in frame 718 and inserting a locking pin 701 through the holes so aligned. The frame adjacent section 310 is held together by a series of carriage rollers 318 that also facilitate the carriage's 300 movement up and down on the vertical rigid member 432, but bearings, wheels and similar devices could be used as well.

[0089] This embodiment of the apparatus is also adopted for positioning a section of the carriage 300 at selected angles to the frame. The horizontal axis pivoting mechanism 330, comprises a combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341 that is supported by the frame adjacent section 310. The angle of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 relative to the frame adjacent section 310 is controlled by aligning one of a plurality of carriage wall holes 303e in the carriage walls 302a of the frame adjacent section 310 with a carriage wall hole 303 in the carriage wall 302 of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 and inserting the locking pin 701a in the holes so aligned.

[0090] A series of frame pulleys 558 guide a flexible connector 476 from a resistance pulley 492 connected to a resistance source 494 (here depicted as a typical weight stack but other forms of resistance as described in the definitions section of this specification could easily be depicted and employed as well) toward a carriage pulley 551, which further directs a first end 478 (not visible in FIG. 1 but visible in FIG. 1A) of the flexible connector 476 toward a spooling force transmitter 102 to which the flexible connector 476 is connected. A second end 479 (not visible in FIG. 1 but visible in FIG. 14) of the flexible connector 476 is attached to a carriage attachment fixture 312 (also visible in FIG. 14). This flexible connector and pulley arrangement forms a closed loop configuration that is well known in the industry, so that when the carriage 300 is raised, the length of the flexible connector above it shortens while the length of the flexible connector below it lengthens by the same amount, and vice versa (the disadvantage of such an arrangement is that the resistance experienced by the user is equal to half the amount actually generated by the resistance source because of the mechanical advantage conferred by the loop).

[0091] FIG. 1A, which shows an exploded section of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 of the carriage 300, where it is connected to the spooling force transmitter 102. Here the carriage walls 302 of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 support a tube set 450 which comprises a square fixed tube 454 that supports a solid end with hole 472. The solid end with hole 472 rotatably supports a rotating tube 456. The flexible connector 476 passes through the coincident longitudinal axes of the fixed tube 454 and the rotating tube 456 (comparable axes are visible in FIGS. 33 and 33A) where its first end 478 (more visible in FIG. 1B) is attached to a pivoting spool rim pin mechanism 197. The pivoting spool rim pin mechanism 197 comprises a spool rim pin 199 and a flexible connector link 195 which pivots within, and perpendicular to, the spool rim pin 199. The pivoting spool rim pin mechanism 197 is attached to the spooling force transmitter 102 by placing either side of the spool rim pin 199 in a spool rim hole 112 in a spool rim 126 of the spooling force transmitter 102. The rotating tube 456 is attached to a set of spool support arms 452 that rotatably support a spool shaft 122, which itself supports the spooling force transmitter 102. The entire combination of the rotating tube 456, spool support arms 452, spool shaft 122 and spooling force transmitter 102 pivot about the shared longitudinal axes of the rotating tube 456 and the fixed tube fixed tube 454. That shared axis is coincident with a positioning axis 739 that is coincident with a flexible connector longitudinal axis 735 immediately before the flexible connector contacts the spool rim 126. The pivotability of the spool rim pin 199 relative to the flexible connector link 195 enables the spooling force transmitter to pivot about its positioning axis 739 without twisting the flexible connector 476.

[0092] An angle measurement mechanism 600a mounted on the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 enables the angle of the rotating tube 456 relative to the fixed tube 454 to be measured by comparing the position of a tube extension 457 that is attached to the rotating tube 456 with a series of angle indicia lines 608 on the angle measurement mechanism 600a.

FIG. 8

[0093] In FIG. 1, the spool shaft 122 is connected to a counterweighted rigid arm 410 by a rigid arm coupler 110. An exploded detail of the rigid arm coupler 110 is shown in FIG. 8. Here a curved shaft end 106 and a curved receptacle base 166 are exploded away from a curved receptacle 165 into which the 106 is inserted (the shape of the curved receptacle 165 is better seen in FIG. 38). The curved receptacle base 166 is attached to the curved receptacle 165, enclosing the curved shaft end 106 but permitting it to rotate with the 122. However, when a hole perpendicular to spool shaft 171 in the curved receptacle 165 is aligned with one of the holes perpendicular to spool shaft 171 of the curved shaft end 106, a locking pin 701c is inserted into the holes so aligned, locking the curved receptacle 165 and curved shaft end 106 together. When the curved receptacle 165 and curved shaft end 106 are locked together by the 701c and a force is applied to a rigid user handle 714, that force is transmitted to the spool shaft 122, turning the spooling force transmitter 102.

[0094] The user chooses which of the holes perpendicular to spool shaft 171 should be aligned by determining the rigid arm angle at which the user wishes to begin a given exercise. The angle is indicated by an angle measurement mechanism 600, a detail of which is provided in FIG. 47. Here a series of angle indicia 608 and numerical angle indicia 607, combined with a pointer 411, indicate the angle of the counterweighted rigid arm 410 relative to the spooling force transmitter 102. It should be noted that the choice of start angle function of the rigid arm coupler 110 and similar components to be discussed later also afford the user the option of beginning an exercise with a portion of the flexible connector 476 wrapped around a portion of the spooling force transmitter 102. This can be useful when the user wishes to vary the effective length of the flexible connector (e.g., when the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 is tilted downward a portion of the flexible connector's 476 length is freed up and the connector slackens).

[0095] In FIG. 1, it can be seen that the counterweighted rigid arm 410 has the rigid arm 390 and the rigid user handle 714 on one side of the spool shaft 122, so that a user can effectively apply a force to the rigid arm 390 and experience an opposing force from the resistance source 494. A counterweight 413 at the opposite side of the rigid arm 390 from the rigid user handle 714 counterbalances the weight of the rigid user handle 714 and the part of the rigid arm 390 that is on the same side of the spool shaft 122 as the rigid user handle 714. The distance of the 413 relative to the 122 can be adjusted via a sliding tube 726 to which the counterweight 413 is attached. The sliding tube 726 has a threaded hole 712 (visible in FIG. 29) into which a bolt 708 is inserted and turned by applying force to a bolt handle 711. The rigid user handle 714 is connected to the rigid arm 390 via a handle sleeve 396 which can be placed at selected positions along the rigid arm 390 by aligning sleeve hole 397 (visible in FIG. 44) with a hole in rigid arm 170 and inserting the locking pin 701b in the holes so aligned.

FIGS. 47 and 47A

[0096] FIG. 47 provides a detail of the start angle adjustment and brake 400 shown in FIG. 1, that enables the starting angle of the rigid arm 390 to be selected and stops any backward motion of the counterweighted rigid arm 410 beyond its starting point if the user suddenly eliminates the force that is being applied to the rigid arm 390 via the rigid user handle 714. FIG. 47 provides the detail of the start angle adjustment and brake 400. The start angle adjustment and brake 400 comprises a circular plate 722 with a series of holes in plate 716. After connecting the counterweighted rigid arm 410 to the curved shaft end 106 at the desired angle relative to the spool shaft 122, using the rigid arm coupler 110, a start angle stopper 414 is inserted in one of the holes in plate 716 just behind the point where the counterweighted rigid arm 410 will begin to rotate during an exercise. The start angle stopper 414 arrests backward motion of the counterweighted rigid arm 410 beyond its starting point and helps to establish the starting position of the counterweighted rigid arm 410.

[0097] The mechanism shown in FIG. 47 is only one approach to adjusting the start angle of the rigid arm 390 and preventing it from rotating too far backward. For example, FIG. 47A shows a detail of start angle adjustment and brake 400a that affords more precise control of the start angle than the embodiment shown in FIG. 47 and arrests reverse motion as well. In FIG. 47A, the rigid arm 390 is exploded away from the start angle adjustment and brake 400a to provide a better view of the start angle adjustment and brake 400a. A start angle bracket 419 with a shaft hole 424 (not visible here on the start angle bracket 419 but aligned with a shaft hole 424a in a start angle arm 421) that fits over the spool shaft 122 in a position adjacent to the circular plate 722. The start angle bracket 419 has the hole in start angle bracket 422 which is placed at the same distance from the 122 as the holes in plate 716 of the circular plate 722. When one of the holes in plate 716 is aligned with the hole in start angle bracket 422, the locking pin 701v can be inserted into the holes so aligned, locking the start angle bracket 419 in place relative to the circular plate 722. The user chooses the most appropriate hole in plate 716 to align with the hole in start angle bracket 422 on the basis of the approximate start angle of the rigid arm 390 that is desired for a given exercise.

[0098] The shaft hole 424a enables the start angle arm 421 to fit over the spool shaft 122 adjacent to the start angle bracket 419. The start angle arm 421 has a threaded hole 712a (not visible here) into which the bolt 708d is placed. Turning the bolt handle 711d of the bolt 708i turns the bolt 708d, which contacts the start angle arm 421. Consequently, the distance between the ends of the start angle bracket 419 and the start angle arm 421 distal from the spool shaft 122 is adjusted by turning the bolt 708d. The distal end of the start angle arm 421 contacts the 390 so that adjusting the distance of the distal ends of the start angle bracket 419 and the start angle arm 421 also adjusts the angle of the 390.

FIG. 33

[0099] One very important capability of a number of embodiments of the apparatus is the ability to adjust and lock the spool at a variety of angles on its positioning axis 739 through an angle locking mechanism. A wide variety of such mechanisms could serve this purpose. For example, FIG. 33 shows a detail of a angle locking mechanism 200 that appears in FIG. 1, viewed from the front and left of the mechanism. The angle locking mechanism 200 in FIG. 33 is mounted on the fixed tube 454g (which in FIG. 33 is round in shape but the angle locking mechanism 200 works the same on a square tube or a round one). Here a pair of tube-screw supports 218 are attached to the fixed tube 454g and support a threaded adjustment-angle ring 226 via a ring shaft 222 on either side of threaded adjustment-angle ring 226 such that the ring pivots within the tube-screw supports 218. A screw-adjustment bolt 224 screws into the threaded adjustment-angle ring 226, and can be turned by applying force to an angle-adjustment screw handle 231. The screw-adjustment bolt 224 is inserted in an angle-adjustment ring and pin 214.

[0100] FIG. 33A shows more details of the angle locking mechanism 200.by exploding the rotating tube 456g backward from the fixed tube fixed tube 454g and exploding the angle-adjustment ring and pin 214 upward from the fixed tube fixed tube 454g. It can be seen that a fixed tube longitudinal axis 737 and a rotating tube longitudinal axis 738 shown in FIG. 33A are coincident with a shared longitudinal axis 740 of the two tubes shown in FIG. 33. The rotating tube 456g has a plurality of holes in tube 725b. The angle of the rotating tube 456g relative to the fixed tube fixed tube 454g is controlled by selecting one of the holes in fixed tube 725b into which the angle-adjustment ring and pin 214 is inserted after it passes through an adjustment slot 212 in the fixed tube fixed tube 454g. Then screw-adjustment bolt 224 is turned via force applied to the angle-adjustment screw handle 231. Angle-adjustment ring and pin 214 has a ring opening 216 into which a screw-adjustment bolt shaft 232 of the screw-adjustment bolt 224 fits. An adjustment screw head 236 and a ring on the bolt 221 on the screw-adjustment bolt 224 keep the bolt from translating relative to the angle-adjustment ring and pin 214, there being enough clearance between the ring opening 216 and the screw-adjustment bolt shaft 232 for the shaft to turn freely within the angle-adjustment ring and pin 214. This turning causes a screw-adjustment bolt thread 228 portion of screw-adjustment bolt 224 to be screwed into the threaded adjustment-angle ring 226. The depth to which the screw-adjustment bolt thread 228 is turned in the threaded adjustment-angle ring 226 by the screwing action precisely controls the angle of the rotating tube 456g relative to the fixed tube fixed tube fixed tube 454g within the limits of the adjustment slot 212 in the fixed tube fixed tube 454g.

[0101] In FIG. 1, a carriage counterweight 367 is connected to the carriage 300 through a connector to counterweight 365 that is guided from the carriage counterweight 367 to the carriage 300 by a series of counterweight pulleys 363. The carriage counterweight 367 is of sufficient weight to assure that the carriage will remain at a given height if the locking pin 701 that locks the carriage 300 in position is removed, and it makes raising and lowering the carriage 300 easy for the user. A carriage counterweight arm 345 attached to the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 makes in easy for the user to adjust the angle of the section by counterbalancing the weight of the section. While these counterweights are not shown on every apparatus for the sake of illustrative simplicity, they would probably be used for all embodiments in which the weight of the carriage was sufficient for it to move when the supporting locking pin 701 was removed, or if the force needed to move a given carriage section was higher than what might be preferred by most users.

Operation—FIG. 1

[0102] In operating the apparatus the user selects the appropriate height of the carriage 300, aligns the carriage wall holes 303b in the carriage wall 302a of the frame adjacent section 310 with the hole in frame 718 that will enable the frame adjacent section 310 to be fixed at the appropriate height and inserts the locking pin 701. Similarly, the user then chooses the desired angle of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 relative to the frame adjacent section 310, aligns the carriage wall hole 303 in the carriage wall 302 of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 with the appropriate carriage wall hole 303g in the carriage wall 302a of the frame adjacent section 310 and inserts the locking pin 701a.

[0103] The user selects the appropriate start angles for the rotating tube 456 relative to the fixed tube fixed tube 454 and locks the rotating tube 456 at the appropriate angle by the method described above during the explanation of the workings of the angle locking mechanism 200. The user would select the start angle for the counterweighted rigid arm 410 by aligning the appropriate holes in the 106 and curved receptacle 165, as was already described in the discussion of FIG. 8. The start angle stopper 414 is inserted in the appropriate hole in plate 716 in the circular plate 722 to prevent the counterweighted rigid arm 410 from moving backward past its beginning angle. The user selects the appropriate position of the rigid user handle 714 along the rigid arm 390 by aligning the sleeve hole 397 in the handle sleeve 396 with the desired hole in rigid arm 170 in the counterweighted rigid arm 410 and inserting the locking pin 701b.

[0104] FIG. 10 shows another preferred embodiment of the apparatus with a more compact carriage 300f that is adjustable in certain ways that are different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

[0105] Specifically, in this embodiment, the carriage 300f consists of the frame adjacent section 310d and a pivotable on vertical axis section 340. A vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350 makes it possible to position the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 at various angles relative to the frame adjacent section 310d around a vertical axis 741 (visible in FIG. 10B). Two additional features, working together, add another capability to the carriage 300f. A constraint mechanism 530 operates to keep the longitudinal axis of the fixed tube 454d (fixed tube 454d is more visible in FIG. 10C and a comparable longitudinal axis is illustrated is FIG. 33A) parallel to the carriage walls 302g of the frame adjacent section 310d as the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 pivots on the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350. The other feature of the carriage 300f which enables the axis of the tube set 450c to remain parallel is a redirection assembly 500. The redirection assembly 500 in effect provides the carriage 300f with a joint that enables the tube set 450c to sustain the position of its longitudinal axis as the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 pivots on the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350.

[0106] A detail of the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350 is shown in FIG. 10 B. Here a portion of the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350 is exploded upward to make its components more visible. The vertical axis pivot mechanism 350 comprises the rotating tube 456c which rotates within the fixed tube 454c. A set of tube-retaining rings 468 above and below the fixed tube 454c are affixed to the rotating tube 456c and keep the rotating tube 456c from translating upward or downward. The rotating tube 456c supports a pair of carriage connector arms 525 that are connected to and support a pair of the carriage walls 302d that are part of the pivotable on vertical axis section 340. An angle locking mechanism 200a in vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350 comprises a plurality of holes in tube 725 in rotating tube 456c, a hole in tube 725e in fixed tube 454c, a hole in carriage wall 303a in carriage section 310d and a locking pin 701h. The user aligns one of the holes in tube 725 with the hole in tube 725e and the hole in carriage wall 303a and inserts locking pin 701h to lock the angle of the rotating tube 456c relative to the fixed tube 454c. The angle of the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 relative to the frame adjacent section 310d could of course be controlled by other mechanisms such as the angle locking mechanism 200 type already discussed above.

[0107] FIG. 10C provides a detail of the redirection assembly 500, which comprises a redirecting tube set 508 and a redirecting pulley 552 having a pulley rim 554. The redirecting tube set 508 is supported by the carriage walls 302d of the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 that are connected to the carriage connector arms 525. The redirecting tube set 508 comprises a fixed tube 454h attached to the carriage walls 302d and the rotating tube 456h that is pivotably supported by the fixed tube 454h. The angle of the rotating tube 456h relative to the fixed tube 454h around their shared longitudinal axis is fixed by the locking pin 701h inserted through the hole in carriage wall 303o in carriage wall 302d, the hole in tube 725f in the fixed tube 454h and one of the holes in tube 725 in the 456h (the hole in tube 725f and holes in tube 725 are not visible in this figure but are similar to the hole in tube 725e in fixed tube 456c and holes in tube 72.5 in rotating tube 456c in FIG. 10B). The flexible connector 476 is guided by the carriage pulley 551 through the center of the redirecting tube set 508 to contact a section of pulley rim 554 of the redirecting pulley 552, which directs the connector through the center of the tube set 450c and on toward the spooling force transmitter 102. As shown, the redirection assembly 500 mechanism is configured for rotations of the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 to the right (the kind of rotation shown in FIG. 10A). If the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 was to be rotated to the left, the rotating tube 456h of the redirecting tube set 508 would have to be rotated 180 degrees relative to the position shown is FIG. 10 and fixed there via the locking pin 701h.

[0108] The rotating tube 456h of the redirecting tube set 508 supports two redirecting pulley support arms 527 which themselves support a pulley shaft 556a. The pulley shaft 556a rotatably supports the redirecting pulley 552 and a set of two tube supports 455 that are attached to the fixed tube 454d of the tube set 450c. Similar to the apparatus shown in FIG. 1A, here the rotating tube 456d is rotatably supported by the fixed tube 454d and the rotating tube 456d supports two spool supports 452 which themselves support the spool shaft 122.

[0109] When the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 is pivoted on the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350, the tube supports 455 pivot in a compensating fashion on the pulley shaft 556a supporting the redirecting pulley 552 and the pulley rim 554 of the redirecting pulley 552 directs the flexible connector 476 toward the center of the tube set 450c and on to the spooling force transmitter 102.

[0110] The constraint mechanism 530 is shown in detail in FIG. 10 A. The mechanism comprises a rear rail 524 mounted on either side of the frame adjacent section 310d. The rear rails 524 support a set of rail connectors 522 which themselves support an angle maintenance rail 536. The angle maintenance rail 536 slidably supports an angle-maintenance arm sleeve 540 and a angle-maintenance arm 544 attached to the 540. The angle-maintenance arm sleeve has a hole in angle-maintenance sleeve 546 and the angle-maintenance arm 544 has a hole in maintenance arm 545 which are aligned with each other (not visible) and through which the locking pin 701g is inserted. The angle-maintenance rail 536 has a series of angle-maintenance rail holes 538 which when aligned with the hole in angle-maintenance arm sleeve 546 and the hole in maintenance arm 545 enables the locking pin 701g to be inserted, locking the angle-maintenance arm sleeve 540 and the angle-maintenance arm 544 in place along the angle maintenance rail 536. The angle-maintenance arm 544 has a maintenance rail arm slot 534 along which a redirection pin 531 can slide. The redirection pin 531 is connected to the redirection ring 533 (better seen in FIG. 10c) which is connected to a the tube set 450c, preventing the position of the tube set's longitudinal axis from changing as the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 pivots.

[0111] FIG. 10A shows the pivotable on vertical axis section 340 after it has been rotated to the right 90 degrees from its position in FIG. 10. Here the tube supports 455 have pivoted 90 degrees on the pulley shaft 556a from their positioning FIG. 10.

Alternative Vertical Carriage Pivot Mechanisms—FIGS. 25 and 17

[0112] It should be noted that many versions of the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350 could be employed as long as they provide the same kind of pivoting motion (i.e., on a vertical axis). For example, one alternative version is shown in FIG. 25. Here the carriage pulley 551 is rotatably supported by the pulley shaft 556, which itself is supported by the carriage walls 302m of the pivotable on vertical axis section 340d, the carriage walls 302m also supporting the tube set 450c. The carriage walls 302m are supported a pivot frame 335. The pivot frame 335 is supported by a vertical pivot shaft 337, the vertical pivot shaft 337 being rotatably supported by a pivot base 339. The pivot base 339 is supported by the carriage walls 302g of the frame adjacent section 310n. The angle of the pivotable on vertical axis section 340d relative to the frame adjacent section 310n on the vertical axis is determined by aligning one of a series of holes in shaft 336 in the vertical pivot shaft 337 (no visible in FIG. 25 but visible in FIG. 17) with a hole in base 342 (also visible in FIG. 17) in the pivot base 339 and inserting the locking pin 701h in the holes so aligned.

[0113] The vertical axis and horizontal axis pivots can also be combined as shown in FIG. 17. Here a pivoting mechanism similar to the one shown in FIG. 25 is employed, comprising the pivot base 339 pivotably supporting a vertical pivot shaft 337 that in turn supports the pivot frame 335. However, here the pivot frame 335 supports the carriage walls 302k of a combined vertically and horizontally pivotable section 333, the carriage walls 302k rotatably supported by the combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341 through a pivot hole in carriage wall 307a in each of the carriage walls 302k which are placed over the combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341. The combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341 also rotatably supports the carriage pulley 551. The angle of the combined vertically and horizontally pivotable section 333 relative to the frame adjacent section 310f on the horizontal axis is determined by aligning one of a series of carriage wall holes 303i in the carriage wall 302k of the combined vertically and horizontally pivotable section 333 with a pivot hole 338 in the pivot frame 335 and inserting the locking pin 701o in the holes so aligned. The angle of the combined vertically and horizontally pivotable section 333 on the vertical axis is selected in the same was as was discussed in the description of FIG. 25 immediately above.

FIG. 24—Multiple Carriages

[0114] The version of the apparatus in FIG. 24 is similar to the one in FIG. 1 except that there are two vertical rigid members 432, two carriages (300t and 300v) and associated mechanisms such as spooling force transmitters 102 and the counterweighted rigid arms 410. A locational indicator 680 and a speed measurement device 580 are also shown (these will be explained in FIGS. 51 and 54 discussed later in this specification). Finally, the distance between the carriages 300t and 300v can be adjusted using a width adjustment mechanism 436 and the angle of the carriages relative to one another on a vertical axis can be adjusted using the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350c of the carriage 300t.

[0115] A detail of the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350c of FIG. 24, is shown in FIG. 10D. Here a U-shaped frame adjacent section 310h supports the same fixed tube 454c as was shown in FIG. 10B, as well as the angle locking mechanism 200a, above the carriage pulley 551. However, frame adjacent section 310h also supports a second fixed tube 454m below the carriage pulley 551, the tube rotatably supporting a rotating tube 456m, the rotating tube attached to a set of carriage connector arms 525a. The connector arms 525a support a set of pulley supports 526 that support the combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341, which rotatably supports carriage pulley 551 and pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 of carriage 300t of FIG. 24. When the carriage 300t in FIG. 24 is pivoted at the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350c the distance and angles of the spooling force transmitters 102, relative to one another, is modified. A vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350c could easily be installed on carriage 300v, permitting a section of it to be rotated on a vertical axis as well (two vertical pivot mechanisms are shown in FIG. 18).

[0116] The carriage 300v has a support plate 308 which supports a pulley shaft 556b that itself rotatably supports a perpendicular carriage pulley 561. The perpendicular carriage pulley 561 directs the second end 479 of the flexible connector 476 coming up from the frame pulley 558a mounted under and alongside the vertical rigid member 432 and then to the carriage 300v (in much the same way that the frame pulley 558c on top of the vertical rigid member 432 directs the first end 478 toward the carriage 300t). This permits the flexible connector 476 emerging from frame pulley 558a to enter the carriage 300v from a similar direction as it enters the carriage 300t, enabling the carriages 300t and 300v to work in the same way when sections of the carriages are tilted on their horizontal axes. However, if such tilting was not desired but two carriages were, the second carriage could be positioned so that the flexible connector came over the top of carriage pulley 551 and was directed toward the spooling force transmitter (a carriage with the flexible connector 476 going over the top of the carriage pulley 551 is shown in FIG. 19).

[0117] In FIG. 24, the second end 479 attaches to the spooling force transmitter 102 on carriage 300v instead of the carriage attachment fixture 312 to which the second end 479 is attached in FIG. 1. This permits a single resistance source 494 to generate resistance for two spooling force transmitters 102.

FIGS. 48 and 49—Width Adjustments

[0118] The width adjustment mechanism 436 enables the vertical rigid member 432 and associated carriage 300v in FIG. 24 to be moved to modify the distance between the carriage 300t and the carriage 300v. A detailed view of the width adjustment mechanism 436 is provided in FIG. 48 by removing the carriages 300t and 300v and the locational indicator 680. In FIG. 48, it can be seen that a series of frame pulleys 558 guide the flexible connector 476 from the resistance pulley 492 toward both vertical rigid members 432. Before reaching the vertical rigid member 432 supporting carriage 300v, the flexible connector 476 is guided to a take-up pulley 565 which further guides the flexible connector 476 toward another series of frame pulleys 558 and 558a, those frame pulleys guiding the second end 479 of the flexible connector 476 up toward the underside of carriage 300v (which has been removed here but is visible in FIG. 24).

[0119] The vertical rigid member 432 supporting carriage 300v is supported by a take-up rail 442 that rests within a width track 438 on a series of wheels 437. The vertical rigid member 432 is locked in place by inserting the locking pin 701x in a hole 445a in the take-up rail 442 and through one of a series of the holes in frame 718e in the bottom of width track 438 (the hole in frame under locking pin 701x not visible). Moving the vertical rigid member 432 would result in changes in the flexible connector 476 tension where it not for some method of taking up and slack in the flexible connector 476 created by movement of the vertical member 432. A mechanism for adjusting flexible connector 476 tension is provided by adjusting the distance of the take-up pulley 565 from the vertical rigid member 432. The take-up pulley 565 is rotatably mounted on a take-up slide 439 which can be locked at various points along a take-up tube 441 by inserting the locking pin 701w through a hole in the take-up slide 445 (not visible here but beneath locking pin 701w) and through one of a series of holes in frame 718f in the take-up tube 441. It should be noted that the flexible connector take-up capability of the width adjustment mechanism 436 can also be used to adjust the effective length of the flexible connector 476, so that when take-up pulley 565 is moved toward carriage 300v flexible connector 476 length is freed up (less is available when the carriage is moved in the opposite direction). This is especially useful when both carriages are being tilted up or down at the same time.

[0120] There are many ways for the carriages to be adjusted. A detail of an alternative approach is shown in FIG. 49. FIG. 49 also shows how two resistance sources can be incorporated into a version of the apparatus with two vertical rigid members and two carriages, supplying separate resistance to each carriage. In such a case, both carriages (removed from FIG. 49 to make the width adjustment mechanism more visible) could be similar to the one shown in FIG. 1, to the carriages 300t and 300v shown in FIG. 24, or to a variety of other carriages shown in other parts of this description and equivalent ones not shown.

[0121] In FIG. 49, each resistance source 494 is connected through a resistance pulley 492 to a flexible connector 476. One of the resistance sources 494 is mounted on a frame dolly 444. The frame dolly 444 is supported by a series of wheels 437, that permit the dolly to roll. The frame dolly 444 is attached to the sliding tube 726b which supports the vertical member 432 such that the member can slide along a width tube 443. The width tube 443 has a series of the holes in tube 725g and the sliding tube 726b has a similar hole in tube 725h (not visible but is under the locking pin 701z shown in the sliding tube 726b). When the hole in tube 725h in the sliding tube 726b is aligned with the hole in tube 725g in the width tube 443, the locking pin 701z is inserted to lock the sliding tube 726b in position (along with the associated second vertical member 432g and the frame dolly 444).

FIGS. 54-56—Locational Indicators and 51-53—Speed Measurement Devices

[0122] The locational indicator 680 shown in FIG. 24 enables the user to measure and replicate his or her position relative to the apparatus. Details of the locational indicator 680 are shown in FIG. 54, which shows a top view of a user platform 681 that supports the user. The user platform 681 has a series of grid lines 688 and a set of grid indicia 691. These elements, in combination, permit the user to accurately measure his or her position. In FIG. 54 the grid lines 688 and grid indicia 691 are on the surface of the 681, but a number of other possibilities would work as well. For instance, FIG. 55 shows a right side view of an embodiment of the locational indicator 680 that has a platform opaque layer 684 on which the grid indicia 691 and grid lines 688 are placed. A platform transparent layer 682 is then placed over the platform opaque layer 684 and the grid lines 688 and the grid indicia 691, protecting them from wear yet visible to the user. Still another approach to indicating location is simply to arrange a series of squares 678 as is shown in FIG. 56. The ability of the user to identify his or her position using the series of squares 678 could be enhanced by making the squares of different colors, different hatch patterns or indicia unique to particular squares.

[0123] FIG. 24 also shows a speed measurement device 580 that measures the speed with which the user moves the flexible connector 476. A detail of the speed measurement device 580 is shown in FIG. 51. Here it can be seen that a magnetic field sensor 576 is mounted on the frame 430 at a specific distance from the pulley shaft 556 that supports the frame pulley 558c at the top of the vertical rigid member 432. A series of magnets 578 are mounted on the frame pulley 558c at the same distance from the pulley shaft 556 as the magnetic field sensor 576. When the user applies force to the spooling force transmitter 102, the flexible connector 476 turns the frame pulley 558c, causing the magnets 578 to pass the magnetic field sensor 576. A sensor to CPU wire 584 connects the magnetic field sensor 576 to a CPU 582 (central processing unit) similar to the kind in use in the fitness industry on treadmills. The CPU 582 displays such data as the maximum rate at which the magnets 578 passed the magnetic field sensor 576 on each repetition of the exercise.

[0124] A variety of other approaches to measuring movement speed could be employed. For example, FIG. 52 shows a detail of a version of the speed measurement device 580a in which the magnetic field sensor 576 is mounted on the resistance source 494 and the magnets 578 are mounted on the frame 430. The magnetic field sensor 576 is moved past the magnets 578 when the flexible connector 476 is moved and the result is displayed on the CPU 582.

[0125] FIG. 53 shows a version of the speed measurement device 580b that is similar to the one used in FIG. 52 but here the magnets 578 are mounted on the resistance source 494 and the magnetic field sensor 576 is mounted on the frame 430. Still other arrangements of energy sensors (e.g., light) and emitters, and movement sensors, could be used for the same purpose.

FIG. 18—An Apparatus Including a Standard Cable Column Capability

[0126] The apparatus is FIG. 18 shows another version of the apparatus in which an apparatus supporting the carriage 300t in FIG. 24 can be combined with a second carriage 300n supporting a more conventional “cable column” mechanism, of which there are many varieties in the industry today. Here the carriage 300n has its own second resistance source 494 but the carriage could easily be connected to a resistance source 494 that serves two carriages as is shown is FIG. 24. In FIG. 18, the second carriage 300n shown is height adjustable in a similar way to the carriage 300t, wherein the frame adjacent section 310h comprises a carriage sleeve 309 with a hole in sleeve 729a (not visible) through which the 701 is inserted into one of the holes in frame 718. The 309 supports two pivot supports 311 that themselves support a vertical axis pivot mechanism 350b. The vertical axis pivot mechanism 350b on the 300n works in the same way as was shown in the vertical axis pivot mechanism 350 in FIG. 10 and supports the pivotable on vertical axis section 340b except that the carriage connector arms 525 of the vertical axis pivot mechanism 350b supports a pair of carriage walls 302n that support a pair of vertical carriage extensions 555 which rotatably support two user pulleys 562, each having a pulley rim 554.

[0127] On carriage 300n, the first end 478 of the flexible connector 476, instead of being attached to a spooling force transmitter 102 (as it is on carriage 300t) passes between the user pulleys 562 and on to point where it is attached to a user handle 108. The second end 479 of the flexible connector 476 is attached to the carriage attachment fixture 312 supported by the frame adjacent section 310i as it was in FIG. 1, but the carriage attachment fixture 312 is not visible here. The user pulls on the user handle 108 of the type shown, or any of a wide variety of cable handles used in the industry today, as well as ones to be developed in the future, to perform exercises which require straight line resistance that is not closely guided (i.e., conventional pulley resistance). The vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350b shown does not have the tube angle locking mechanism 200a shown in the vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350 of FIG. 10 but such a feature could easily be added. Not having the locking pin feature enables the pivotable on vertical axis section 340b to rotate freely on its vertical axis, which is useful for certain exercises. The pivot on vertical axis pivoting mechanism 350b shown could also easily be replaced others with a similar function, such as the one shown in FIG. 17.

[0128] In addition, the carriage 300n of FIG. 18 could be introduced as an attachment to another carriage such as carriage 300t of FIG. 18. A detail of such an arrangement is shown in FIG. 18A. Here a carriage 300o supports a spooling force transmitter 102 in a similar way to carriage 300 t shown in FIG. 18. In addition, carriage 300o supports the carriage sleeve 309 of a carriage identical to that of the carriage 300n in FIG. 18. The same resistance source 494 is used for resistance at both the spooling force transmitter 102 and the 108, where the first end 478 of the flexible connector 476 (not visible here) is attached to the spooling force transmitter 102 and the second end 479 is attached to the 108 after it passes between the user pulleys 562.

FIGS. 19-21—Translating Force Transmitters

[0129] FIG. 19 shows a detail of a simple embodiment of the apparatus in which there is a translating force transmitter 101a. The carriage 300p supports the square fixed tube 454 within which the translating force transmitter 101a is able to translate relative to the fixed tube 454. In contrast to the force transmitters already shown (e.g., the spooling force transmitter 102 in FIG. 1), this translating force transmitter 101a is connected to the second end 479 of flexible connector 476 while the first end 478 is connected to the carriage attachment fixture 312, which is supported by the carriage 300p. When the user applies force to a rigid user handle 714a, the translating force transmitter 101a creates tension in the flexible connector 476 which is transmitted to the resistance source 494 (not shown in this Fig.). The height of the carriage 300p is adjustable in the same way as carriage 300 is in FIG. 1.

[0130] FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the apparatus in which the translating force transmitter 101b which is in the shape of a rectangular tube instead of the solid square shape of the translating force transmitter 101a in FIG. 19. Here the carriage 300q has a frame adjacent section 310 and the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320d. The pivotable on horizontal axis section 320d has a carriage wall 302 on either of its sides and the walls are rotatably supported by the combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341, in the same way the similar section the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 in FIG. 1 is supported. The translating force transmitter 101b is supported by the walls 302 of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320d and is able to slide along those walls, the translation being limited by a tube-retaining ring 468b at the end of the carriage walls 302 distal from the frame adjacent section 310. Is this embodiment, the translating force transmitter 101b is connected to a bar support rails 107 on either side, which themselves each support a bar support connector 109 The bar support connectors 109 have a series of holes in bar support connector 111 into which the rigid user handle 714b can be placed. The user then exerts force against the rigid user handle 714b to translate the translating force transmitter 101b.

[0131] FIG. 20 shows the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320d of the carriage 300 extending straight forward from the frame adjacent section 310 but the horizontal axis pivoting mechanism 330 enables the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320d to be adjusted to a number of angles relative to the frame adjacent section 310, as was the case for the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 21 shows the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320d inclined upward by 90 degrees relative to the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320 shown in FIG. 20. The carriage could also be tilted down by 90 degrees from the position shown in FIG. 20, the number of intervening positions being determined only by the nature of the angle locking mechanism chosen, such as the series of carriage wall holes 303e in the carriage walls 302a of the frame adjacent section 310. But a variety of other angle adjustment mechanisms could be used, such as the ones that will later be shown for adjusting tube angles. The ability to change carriage angles enable a user to push or pull upward, push or pull forward, push or pull downward and at a variety of intervening angles, to enjoy a wide exercise variety.

FIGS. 23 and 22—Spooling and Translating Force Transmitters Combined

[0132] FIG. 23 shows an apparatus similar to the one shown in FIG. 24 except that a carriage 300u supports a translating force transmitter 101b instead of a spooling force transmitter 102. Here the user can use the side of the apparatus supporting the spooling force transmitter 102 via the carriage 300t to perform exercises requiring rotational motion and the side of the apparatus supporting the translating force transmitter 101b on the second carriage 300u to perform exercises that require guided linear motions.

[0133] FIG. 22 shows a preferred version of the apparatus which employs a carriage 300r and a second carriage 300s, each of which supports both a spooling force transmitter 102 and a translating force transmitter 101c. With this version of the apparatus, either arm or leg of the user can perform rotational or guided linear resistance exercises. The ability to choose between rotational and translational motion on each carriage is created by a flexible connector and translator coupler 490 beneath an opening 721 in the translating force transmitter 101c.

[0134] A detail of the flexible connector and translator coupler 490 is shown in FIG. 28, where the fixed tube 454n is split into a top of fixed tube 454nt and a bottom of fixed tube 454nb and the translating force transmitter 101c is split into a top half of translating force transmitter 101ct and a bottom half of translating force transmitter 101cb to display the inside of the fixed tube 454n. Here it can be seen that the flexible connector 476 is divided into a front section 487 and a rear section 481, each having the first end 478 and the second end 479.

[0135] The first end 478 of the front section 487 is connected to the spooling force transmitter 102 (not visible here) and the second end 479 of the front connector section 487 is connected to a closed end loop 495. The first end 478 of the rear section 481 is connected to the closed end loop 495a. The second end 479 of the rear section 481 is connected to the resistance source 494 (not visible in FIG. 28). There is an opening 721 in the top translating force transmitter 101ct and the fixed tube 454nt through which the user can insert the locking pin 701p (shown in FIG. 22) into the fixed tube 454nt and through the closed end loop 495 and 495a when those loops are aligned. A pin fastener 732, such as a nut, lock washer or a clamp (here a round nut) can be added to the locking pin 701p to hold the closed end loops 495 and 495a on the locking pin 701p. This connects the front connector section 487 and the rear connector section 481 and permits a user applying force to the spooling force transmitter 102 to experience resistance from the resistance source 494.

[0136] Alternatively, the user can store the closed end loop 495 of the front section 487 on a front carriage pin 498 and insert the locking pin 701p from the top through the hole in tube 725c in the translating force transmitter 101ct, then through the closed end loop 495a of the rear section 481. With the apparatus so configured, the top of fixed tube 454nt has a slot in tube 459 which permits the locking pin 701p to slide along the carriage 300r and/or 300s when force is applied by the user to the translating force transmitters 101c. Consequently, the first end 478 of the rear section 481 is selectively connectable to the second end 479 of the front section 487, or to the translating force transmitter 101c, or to both the front section and to the force transmitter. Other versions of connection are easily employed, such as the one shown in FIG. 27, which will be discussed later in this description.

FIGS. 1B, 2 and 26—Alternative Spool Pivot Mechanisms and a Whiffletree

[0137] The mechanism that permits the spooling force transmitter 102 to pivot about its positioning axis in FIG. 1 was shown in detail in FIG. 1 A. The ability to selectively fix the spooling force transmitter 102 about its positioning axis 739 (visible in FIG. 1A) and to turn the spooling force transmitter 102 via the rigid arm 390 about the spooling force transmitters 102 rotational axis 734 (visible in FIG. 1A) affords the user unprecedented exercise variety. But many other approaches to generate such pivoting around the positioning axis 739 are possible.

[0138] While FIG. 1 shows a combination of a square fixed tube 454 and the rotating tube 456 which permit the spooling force transmitter 102 to pivot, other tube shapes are possible. For instance, the square fixed tube 454 could easily be rectangular, triangular, octagonal or any number of shapes having flat sides. Alternatively, it could have a curved shape, such as that of an ellipse. Both the fixed tube 454 and the rotating tube 456 can also be round, as long as a mechanism for fixing the angle of the rotating tube relative to the fixed tube is employed.

[0139] For example, FIG. 1B shows a similar detail to FIG. 1A, except that here the fixed tube 454a of the tube set 450a is round, which eliminates the need for the solid end with hole 472 to connect the fixed tube 454 with the rotating tube 456 (as was the case with the pivoting mechanism already shown in FIG. 1A). In FIG. 1B, a structure is added to the tube set 450a that permits translation of the spooling force transmitter 102 relative to the fixed tube 454a as well as pivotability about its positioning axis 739, expanding the number and nature of exercises that can be performed with the same apparatus.

[0140] Here such a capacity as created by including in tube set 450a a round translating force transmitter 101 having a key channel in transmitter 462 and placing the transmitter between the fixed tube 454a and the rotating tube 456a. There is a key channel in fixed tube 463 in the fixed tube 454a and a key 461 (shown exploded out to the right in this illustration) is placed within the key channel in transmitter 462 and the key channel in fixed tube 463. This arrangement permits the spooling force transmitter 102 to translate relative to the fixed tube 454a when a translating force 746 is exerted against it.

[0141] Alternatively, the 701d could be inserted into the hole in tube 725e in the fixed tube 454a and similar hole in tube 725d in translating force transmitter 101 (not visible but below hole 725e) to lock to fixed tube and force transmitter in place relative to one another and permit pivoting of the rotating tube 456a relative to the fixed tube 454a and the translating force transmitter 101. The angle locking mechanism 200 is mounted on the translating force transmitter 101 to control the angle of the rotating tube 456a relative to the translating force transmitter 101 and the fixed tube 454a.

[0142] An alternative design for permitting spooling force transmitter 102 to pivot around its positioning axis and to translate relative to a fixed tube is shown in FIG. 61. Here the structure that permits the spooling force transmitter 102 to pivot on its positioning axis is the same as the one that was shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A except that here the fixed tube 454f is shorter and a translating force transmitter 101d that can slide within the fixed tube 454f, the tube supported by the carriage 300z. The translating force transmitter 110d supports the solid end with hole 472 instead of the fixed tube 454 (as was the case in FIG. 1A). The rigid user handle 714a attached to the spool shaft 122 through a rigid arm sleeve 192. When the user pushes against the rigid user handle 714a, the spooling force transmitter 102 is translated relative to the carriage 300z.

[0143] FIG. 2 shows another variation on the structure that enables the spooling force transmitter 102 to pivot around its positioning axis 739. Here the rotating tube 456b has a larger diameter than the fixed tube 454b and fits over the fixed tube 454, as compared with previously shown embodiments in which the opposite has been true. In addition, the spool support arms 452b which support the spool shaft 122 are mounted on the outside of the rotating tube 456b instead of on the inside. The rigid arm 390 can be connected to the 106 (through the rigid arm coupler 110, neither the rigid arm or the coupler are shown here) to apply force to the spool shaft 122 and turn the spooling force transmitter 102. The embodiment shown is particularly suited for simulating a wide variety of sports motions, such as a golf swing and a baseball swing when an appropriate implement is attached to the rigid arm 390, counterweighted or not, (such as is shown in FIGS. 63 and 64 which are explained more fully later in this description). Because such movements can generate considerable torque, the apparatus is stabilized by a carriage stabilization plate 306 at least one stabilizer arm (two are shown here). The stabilizer arms 331 are attached to the rotating tube 456b and movably connected to the carriage stabilization plate 306 so that the rotating tube 456b can assume various angles relative to fixed tube 454b and still be supported by the carriage stabilization plate 306. The carriage stabilization plate 306 is attached to the carriage 300a but could be attached to the fixed tube 454b instead, or in addition. A pair of rear stabilizer arms 331R support the carriage stabilization plate 306 from the side opposite the rotating tube 456b. The rear stabilizer arms 331R are attached to the carriage stabilization plate 306 and connected to the frame 430 via a set of the sliding tubes 726a. The sliding tubes 726a can move freely up and down on the frame 430. Here the connection of the front stabilizer arm 331 to the carriage stabilization plate 306 is accomplished through a slot in stabilizer arm 332 that fits over the carriage stabilization plate 306 snugly enough on the carriage stabilization plate 306 to support the rotating tube 456b but still permitting the rotating tube 456b to turn about the plate. But a number of other structures, such as a fork attached to the front stabilizer arm 331F and placed over the carriage stabilization plate 306, would work as well. A whiffletree 630 is also employed in this version of the apparatus to give the user a greater range of resistance choices.

[0144] FIG. 26 shows the detail of the whiffletree 630. Here the rotating tube 456b of FIG. 2 is removed and the fixed tube 454b rotatably supporting the fixed tube 454b is split into an top half of fixed tube 454bt and a bottom half of fixed tube 454bb. There is an opening 721 in the fixed tube 454bt to provide whiffletree 630 access to the user (as there is in the rotating tube 456, visible in FIG. 2). The whiffletree 630 divides the flexible connector 476 into the front section 487 and the rear section 481, each having the first end 478 and the second end 479. The first end 478 of the front section 487 is connected to the spooling force transmitter 102, in the same way that the first end 478 of the flexible connector 476 is connected to the spooling force transmitter 102 in FIG. 1 A (not visible here), while the second end 479 is pivotably connected to a center pivot 626 of an arm 628 through the closed end loop 495b. The first end 478 and the second end 479 of the rear section 481 are both connectable to the arm 628 via the closed end loops 495c that are pivotably attached to a side pivot 632 on either side of the arm 628. If only on one end of the rear connector section 481 is attached to the arm 628, only half of the actual resistance generated by resistance source 494 is transmitted to the user. If both ends of the rear connector section 481 are connected to the side pivots 632, the full amount of the resistance is transmitted to the user. When the first end 478 or rear connector section 481 is not connected to the arm 628, it is stored on a nearby rear carriage pin 499L and when the second end 479 is not connected to the arm 628 it is stored on a nearby rear carriage pin 499R.

FIGS. 65 and 27—Combining Spooling and Translating Force Transmitters with a Whiffletree

[0145] FIG. 65 shows a version of the apparatus similar to the apparatus shown in FIG. 22 but with only one vertical rigid member 432 and only one carriage 300r, the carriage supporting a combination whiffletree and translating force transmitter coupler 640.

[0146] A detail of the combination whiffletree and translating force transmitter coupler 640 is shown in FIG. 27. It shows the fixed tube 454n divided into a top of fixed tube 454nt and a bottom of fixed tube 454nb, along with translating force transmitter 101c divided into top of translating force transmitter 101ct and bottom of translating force transmitter 101cb. This combination whiffletree and translating force transmitter coupler 640 combines the features of the whiffletree 630 shown in FIG. 26 and the flexible connector and translator coupler 490a (similar to the coupler 490 shown in FIG. 28). This is accomplished by adding a middle connector 477 between the whiffletree 630 and the flexible connector and translator coupler 490a and connecting the middle connector 477 to the center pivot 626 of the arm 628 via the closed end loop 495d and to the second end 479 of the front connector section 487, via the closed end loop 495b. A open end loop 496 is attached to the second end 479 of the front connector section 487 (the first end 478 is connected to the spooling force transmitter 102, not visible here). The open end loop 496 permits the user to connect the front connector section 487 to the middle connector 477 without a locking pin. When this connection between the 495d and the 496 is made, the spooling force transmitter 102 can be utilized.

[0147] When the user wishes to engage the translating force transmitter 101c instead of the spooling force transmitter 102, the locking pin 701p (not visible here) is inserted through hole in tube 725c as it was in FIG. 28 and placed through the closed end loop 495d of the middle connector section 477 after storing the open end loop 496 on the front carriage pin 498.

[0148] When only the first end 478 or the second end 479 of the rear connector section 481 is attached to the arm 628, half of the resistance generated by the resistance source 494 is conferred on the user by virtue of the earlier mentioned cable loop (when not in use the ends are stored on one of the rear carriage pins 499 which are attached to the bottom of fixed tube 454nb). When both the first end 478 and the second end 479 of the rear section 481 are connected to the arm 628, the full resistance generated by the resistance source 494 is conferred, so that resistance can easily be doubled or halved depending on the connections with the arm 628. This approach is applicable when both ends of the flexible connector 476 are available at the same carriage. It overcomes the main disadvantage of the cable loop, which is the tradeoff of convenience for resistance. So the apparatus detailed in FIG. 65 allows the user, via the combination whiffletree and translating force transmitter coupler 640, to make choices regarding the kind resistance that is desired (rotational or translational) as well its level (via the whiffletree).

FIGS. 3-7 and 9—Alternative Spool Pivoting Mechanisms

[0149] Another embodiment of the pivot on positioning axis 739 feature is shown is FIG. 3. Here there are two carriage sections, the frame adjacent section 310b and a rotating section 360. The frame adjacent section 310b supports the pulley shaft 556 which supports the carriage pulley 551 and the section is fixed to the vertical rigid member 432 so cannot be adjusted with regard to height. The rotating section 360 rotates around the positioning axis 739, pivoting the spooling force transmitter 102 about the same axis. Here, since the height of the 300b cannot be adjusted, there is not need for a flexible connector 476 loop is was shown in FIG. 1, so the connector is attached directly to the resistance source 494.

[0150] FIG. 7 shows a detail of the carriage 300b from FIG. 3. Here it can be seen that the rotating section 360 rotates via the rotating tube 456f attached to the rotating section 360 and inserted in a rotating tube hole 733 in the vertical rigid member 432. A circular plate 722a is attached to and supports the carriage walls 302c of the rotating section 360, which themselves support the spool shaft 122 and spooling force transmitter 102. The angle of the rotating section 360 relative to the frame adjacent section 310b is controlled by aligning a hole in frame 718a in the vertical rigid member 432a with one of the holes in plate 716a in the circular plate 722 and inserting the locking pin 701e in the holes so aligned. Here a simple rigid arm 390a, instead of a rigid arm 390 as part of the counterweighted rigid arm 410 shown in FIG. 1, is attached to the spool shaft 122 and the rigid user handle 714 (not visible here).

[0151] FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the apparatus that accomplishes rotation around the positioning axis without any tubes. The carriage 300c is adjustable in height via a screw clamp 700 instead of the pin and hole arrangement seen previously. The structure and operation of such a clamp is explained in the discussion of FIG. 29 later in this specification. In the embodiment of the apparatus in FIG. 4, a frame extension plate 305 is attached to the spool support arms 452. The circular plate 722b is attached to the carriage 300c. The frame extension plate 305 has the hole in plate 716d (not visible but aligned with locking pin 701f) and when the hole in place 716d is aligned with one of the holes in plate 716a in the circular plate 722b the locking pin 701f is inserted in the holes so aligned to lock the angle of the spooling force transmitter 102 on its positioning axis (the axis visible in FIG. 3).

[0152] FIG. 5 shows a detail of a similar apparatus to the one shown in FIG. 4, except that a circular plate 722c is supported by the spool support arms 452 and a carriage extension plate 304 is attached to the carriage 300d. When the hole in plate 716b in the carriage extension plate 304 (visible in FIG. 6) is aligned with one of the holes in plate 716b in the circular plate 722c, the locking pin 701f is inserted to lock the angle of the spooling force transmitter 102 on its positioning axis.

[0153] An exploded detail of the embodiment of the pivoting apparatus used in FIG. 5 (and similar to the one used in FIG. 4) is shown in FIG. 6. Here it can be seen that the carriage extension plate 304 of FIG. 5 rotatably supports a pivot ring 473 to which the spool support arms 452 are attached (in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the circular plate 722b rotatably supports the pivot ring 473). FIG. 6 also shows a hinged clamp 710 supporting the carriage 300 at various heights on the vertical rigid member 432b instead of the screw clamp 700 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The details of this kind of clamp are presented in the description of FIG. 32A-C later on in this specification.

[0154] FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment of the pivot on positioning axis feature. Here the frame adjacent section 310b is supported by a horizontal frame member 434 instead of the vertical rigid member 432 but it could of course be supported by a vertical rigid member. The frame adjacent section 310b can not be moved vertically. A rotating section 360a, which has a similar design to the rotating section 360 shown in FIG. 3 except that no tubes or rings are employed to facilitate pivoting on the positioning axis. Instead, the circular plate 722a supports the rotating section 360a but the circular plate 722a is itself supported by a flange 471. The flange 471 is attached to the horizontal frame member 434 and has a hole in flange 730. When one of the holes in plate 716a (visible in FIG. 9A) in the circular plate 722a is aligned with the hole in flange 730, the locking pin 701e is inserted to lock the angle of the rotating section 360a relative to the horizontal frame member 434. FIG. 9A shows a detail of the pivoting mechanism of FIG. 9 from the rear right side with the flange 471, the circular plate 722a and the locking pin 701e exploded forward from the horizontal frame member 434 to make the mechanism more visible.

FIG. 11-16—Alternative Carriage Positioning Approaches

[0155] FIG. 11 shows the rear right perspective view of a simple alternative embodiment of the apparatus with the carriage 300g having one carriage wall 302e. Here the flexible connector 476 goes directly from the resistance pulley 492 of the resistance source 494 through a series of frame pulleys 558 to the carriage 300g, where the first end 478 of the flexible connector 476 connects directly to the spooling force transmitter 102 and the second end 479 of the flexible connector 476 is connected to the carriage wall 302e. The carriage 300g pivots on the horizontal axis pivoting mechanism 330a, placing the spooling force transmitter 102 at various heights. The carriage 300g can be locked at a particular angle (and the spooling force transmitter 102 at a particular height) by aligning the carriage wall hole 303c in the carriage wall 302e with the hole in frame 718c in the vertical rigid member 432c (visible in FIG. 11A) and inserting the locking pin 701j. The horizontal axis pivoting mechanism 330a comprises the pivot hole in carriage wall 307 in the carriage wall 302e and a horizontal pivot pin 316 mounted in the vertical rigid member 432c, the horizontal pivot pin 316 rotatably supporting the carriage 300g via this connection through the pivot hole in carriage wall 307.

[0156] FIG. 14 shows and exploded view of another embodiment of the apparatus with the one wall carriage design and spooling force transmitter 102 height adjustment via changes in the angle of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320a relative to the frame adjacent section 310e. The frame adjacent section 310e has a carriage wall 302a that is attached to the vertical rigid member 432b, and the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320a has a carriage wall 302. The pivotable on horizontal axis section 320a is set at various angles relative to the frame adjacent section 310e by aligning the hole in carriage wall hole 303n in the carriage wall 302 of the pivotable on horizontal axis section 320a with one of the plurality of holes in carriage wall 303e in the carriage wall 302a of the frame adjacent section 310e. The mechanism for pivoting the spooling force transmitter 102 on its positioning axis is the same as the one shown in FIG. 1B, except that the fixed tube 454e is shorter and the angle of the rotating tube 456e relative to the fixed tube 454e is established by aligning one of a plurality of the holes in tube 725i in the rotating tube 456e (the holes in tube 725i not visible here but similar to the holes is tube 725b visible in FIG. 33A) with the hole in tube 725a in the fixed tube 454e and inserting the locking pin 701m in the holes so aligned.

[0157] FIG. 12 shows another alternative embodiment of the carriage 300h with spooling force transmitter 102 height adjustable through the carriage 300h angle relative to the horizontal frame member 434a. The carriage wall holes 303d in carriage wall 302f are used for angle adjustment. These carriage wall holes 303d are behind the combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341 instead of in front of it (as they are in FIG. 11). There are two carriage walls 302f supporting the carriage pulley 551 through the combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341, the pulley guiding the flexible connector 476 toward the spooling force transmitter 102. The carriage walls 302f are pivotably supported by horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341, which also supports the carriage pulley 551. The angle of the carriage 300h relative to the horizontal frame member 434a is controlled by inserting a locking pin 701k through one of the series of holes in carriage wall 303d and into a hole in frame 718d (not visible here but aligned with locking pin 701k in the position shown).

[0158] FIG. 13 shows a detail of another embodiment of the apparatus having a carriage 300i in which it is shown that the rigid arm 390b can be connected to the spooling force transmitter 102 instead of the spool shaft 122 with a similar effect (the ability to turn the spooling force transmitter by applying force to the rigid arm). Here the rigid arm 390b is inserted into a sleeve-shaped rigid arm to spool connector 359. The rigid arm 390b has a hole in rigid arm 170 (not visible here but similar to the holes in rigid arm 170 visible in FIG. 1) and the rigid arm to spool connector 359 has two holes in sleeve 729 and 729b. Hole in sleeve 729 (not visible here) is proximal to the spool shaft 122 and large enough to permit the spool shaft 122 to pass through it, permitting the rigid arm to spool connector 359 to pivot about the spool shaft 122. The other hole in sleeve 729b (better seen in FIG. 13A) in the rigid arm to spool connector 359 is aligned with the hole in rigid arm 170 in the rigid arm 390b when the rigid arm 390b is inserted all the way into the rigid arm to spool connector 359. When these holes are aligned with one of a plurality of holes in spool 731 in the spooling force transmitter 102 the locking pin 701L can be inserted in the holes so aligned, locking the rigid arm 390b into place relative to the spooling force transmitter 102 at a selected angle and permitting the rigid arm 390b to apply force directly to the spooling force transmitter 102. This approach allows for the rigid arm 390b to be placed at various angles relative to the spooling force transmitter 102, but the rigid arm to spool connector 359 could simply have been attached to the spooling force transmitter 102, as is shown in FIG. 13A. Here the rigid arm 350b is inserted into a shorter spool connector 359a without a hole in sleeve 729 (having only a hole in sleeve 729b) that is attached directly to the spooling force transmitter 102. However, this simpler approach would not permit the angle of the 390b to be altered relative to the 102. The embodiment of the apparatus in FIG. 13 also shows the flexible connector 476 connected to the resistance source 494 through a standard winch 727. The winch serves the dual purpose of adjusting the length of the flexible connector 476 as the carriage 300i is raised and lowered, and assisting the user in raising and lowering the carriage.

[0159] FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of the apparatus similar to the one shown in FIG. 12 except that the carriage walls 302h are connected to a one piece frame adjacent section 310f instead of the horizontal frame member 434 and the carriage wall holes 303f in the carriage walls 302h are in front of the combined horizontal pivot and pulley shaft 341 instead of behind it.

[0160] FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of the apparatus similar to the one shown is FIG. 3. However, in the embodiment in FIG. 16 carriage walls 302 (of the type in FIG. 1) replace the carriage walls 302c in FIG. 3 and a set of added carriage walls 302o have a series of carriage wall holes 303g. When a carriage wall hole 303 (not visible here but visible in FIG. 1) in carriage wall 302 is aligned with one of the carriage wall holes 303g in the added carriage walls 302o, the locking pin 701a is inserted to lock the carriage walls 302 at a particular angle relative to the carriage walls 302o. This permits the spooling force transmitter 102 to be set at various heights.

FIGS. 29-32—Adjusting the Rigid Arm's Length

[0161] A variety of approaches can be used so that the effective length of the rigid arm 390 to which the user applies force can be adjusted. One method was already shown in FIG. 1, which depicts the handle sleeve 396 that can be placed at various points along the length of the rigid arm 390. A perspective view of a detail another embodiment of the apparatus is shown in FIG. 29. Here the detail of the rigid arm coupler 110, rigid arm 390a, spooling force transmitter 102 and spool shaft 122 are shown. A rigid arm sleeve 192 is placed between the rigid arm coupler 110 and the rigid arm 390a. The rigid arm sleeve 192 has the threaded hole 712 into which the bolt 708 is inserted and a turning force can be applied to a bolt handle 711 to tighten the bolt against the rigid arm 390a. When the bolt 708 is loose, the rigid arm 390a can then be moved within the rigid arm sleeve 192, varying the length of the rigid arm 390a on either side of the rigid arm sleeve 192. By tightening the bolt 708 against the rigid arm 390a, using the bolt handle 711, the position of the rigid arm 390a relative to the rigid arm sleeve 192 can be selected and fixed. The threaded hole 712, and the bolt 708 with the bolt handle 711 are also available in the handle sleeve 396a to permit the distance of the handle sleeve 396a from the spool shaft 122 to be adjusted by a simple tightening process.

[0162] FIG. 30 shows an alternative structure which varies the effective length of a rigid arm 390c. Here the rigid user handle 714 can be placed at various points along the length of a rigid arm 390c by inserting it into one of a series of holes in rigid arm 170b that are placed a variety of points along the length of the rigid arm 390c.

[0163] FIG. 31 shows another method for adjusting the effective length of a rigid arm 390d. Here an inside rigid arm handle 398 has a rectangular arm end 403 and a inside rigid arm hole 401. The rectangular arm end 403 is placed in a slot in rigid arm 189 of a rigid arm 390d and the inside rigid arm hole 401 is aligned with one of a series of holes in rigid arm 170a. The locking pin 701r is inserted into the holes so aligned to lock the inside rigid arm handle 398 in place.

[0164] FIG. 32A shows a front left side view of another embodiment of the apparatus which permits the effective length of the rigid arm 390a to be selected by the user. Here the rigid user handle 714 is attached to the hinged clamp 710a having a pivot pin 719. The hinged clamp 710 can be clamped at various points along the rigid arm 390a. FIG. 32B shows a detailed front view of the hinged clamp 710a with the pivot pin 719 removed. FIG. 32C shows a detailed right side view of the hinged clamp 710a and the rigid user handle 714. The hinged clamp 710a has a left clamp side 702L and a right clamp side 702R. The left clamp side 702L has a left lower clamp extension 704L and a left upper clamp extension 706L, and the right clamp side 702R has a right lower clamp extension 704R and a right upper clamp extension 706R. The right upper clamp extension 706R and the left upper clamp extension 706L each have a hole in extension 703 through which through which the pivot pin 719 is inserted, enabling the right clamp side 702R and the left clamp side 702L to pivot on the pivot pin 719. The left lower clamp extension 704L and the right lower clamp extension 704R each have a threaded hole in extension 705 (not visible but through which bolt 708 has been threaded). The threaded holes in extension 705 are aligned so that the bolt 708 can be inserted and turned by applying force to the bolt handle 711. When the bolt 708 is tightened, the left clamp side 702L and the right clamp side 702R are tightened against the rigid arm 390a, locking the rigid user handle 714 into place at a chosen point along the arm.

FIGS. 34-36—Alternative Angle Locking Mechanisms

[0165] FIG. 33 shows an angle locking mechanism 200, for locking the angles of the fixed tube 454g and the rotating tube 456g into place relative to one another, but there are many other approaches to tube angle locking that can be used with various embodiments of the apparatus. For instance, FIG. 34 shows a detail of a pivoting angle-locking clamp 251. The pivoting angle-locking clamp 251 has a large clamp ring 252 affixed to the fixed tube 454a. When the bolt 708 on the pivoting angle-locking clamp 251 is tightened by applying force to the bolt handle 711, the clamp is tightened against the rotating tube 456a to lock that tube into place relative to the fixed tube 454a.

[0166] FIG. 34A shows an exploded detail of the pivoting angle-locking clamp 251 with a right clamp ring 256 exploded out to the right. Here it can be seen that connected to the large clamp ring 252 is a clamp ring pivot 259. There is a left clamp ring 254 having an upper clamp extension 258, along with the right clamp ring 256, having an upper clamp extension 258a, each having a clamp pivot hole 268 which enables the left clamp ring 254 and the right clamp ring 256 to be rotatably connected to clamp ring pivot 259. The upper clamp extensions 258 and 258a are offset relative to each other (i.e., upper clamp extension 258 is on the rear of the left clamp ring 254 and upper clamp extension 258a is on the front of the right clamp ring 256). This enables the left clamp ring 254 and the right clamp ring 256 to pivot around the clamp ring pivot 259 without the upper clamp extensions 258 and 258a, contacting each other. The right clamp ring 256 is attached to a ring constraint 262 that fits into a hole for constraint pin 264 in the large clamp ring 252, fixing its position of the ring constraint 262 relative to the large clamp ring 252. The left clamp ring 254 and the right clamp ring 256 each have a threaded bolt hole 266 (the threaded bolt hole 266 in the right clamp ring 256 not visible) into which the bolt 708 is placed. The bolt 708 can be turned by applying force to the bolt handle 711. When the bolt 708 is turned, it draws the left clamp ring 254 and the right clamp ring 256 toward each other, applying pressure to the rotating tube 456a to lock it in place relative to the fixed tube 454a.

[0167] FIG. 35 shows another of the many possible mechanisms for controlling the angle of tubes relative to one another, in this case a worm gear angle adjuster 250. FIG. 35A shows a detail of the worm gear angle adjuster 250. The worm gear angle adjuster 250 has a worm gear 246 which interlocks with a worm gear screw 244. The worm gear screw 244 is supported by a worm gear bracket 242 that is attached to the fixed tube 454j. A bracket extension 238 is attached to the worm gear bracket 242 and rotatably supports the worm gear screw 244. A pair of worm gear screw-rings 241 keep a worm gear screw head 249 of the worm gear screw 244 from translating while permitting the worm gear screw 244 to be turned freely when force is applied to a worm gear screw-handle 248.

[0168] FIG. 36 shows another method for locking the tubes at a given angle relative to one another. Here the fixed tube 454k has the threaded hole 712 into which the bolt 708 is inserted. By applying force the bolt handle 711, the bolt 708 can be turned to apply pressure to the rotating tube 456k, locking that tube into place relative to the fixed tube 454k.

FIGS. 37 and 37A—Alternative Counterweighting Mechanisms

[0169] FIG. 37 shows the exploded detail of an additional embodiment of the counterweight mechanism introduced in FIG. 1. Here the counterweighted rigid arm 410 has a sliding counterweight 408 whose position is controlled by the locking pin 701s being inserted through a counterweight hole 412 and into a 170 in the rigid arm 390e.

[0170] FIG. 37A shows another embodiment of the counterweighted rigid arm 410b in which an inside counterweight arm 404 slides within the rigid arm 390f. The inside counterweight arm 404 has a series of holes in rigid arm 170c and the rigid arm 390f has a corresponding series of holes in rigid arm 170. When a selected hole is rigid arm 170c in the inside counterweight arm 404 is aligned with a selected hole in rigid arm 170 in the rigid arm 390f and the locking pin 701aa is inserted through both holes, the inside counterweight arm 404 is locked into place in relation with the rigid arm 390f and the position of a counterweight on sliding arm 406 is similarly locked into place relative to the rigid arm 390f.

FIGS. 38-46—Detaching The Rigid Arm From The Spool Shaft

[0171] FIGS. 1 and 8 show one kind of mechanism (rigid arm coupler 110) for connecting the rigid arm 390 with the spool shaft 122 at various angles about the spooling force transmitter's 102 rotational axis. However, while that kind of connector permits the rigid arm 390 and spool shaft 122 to be disengaged from one another (i.e., if the locking pin 701c is removed from the rigid arm coupler 110 the rigid arm 390 can be turned without turning the spooling force transmitter 102 or spool shaft 122), the connection does not permit the complete detachment of the rigid arm 390 from the apparatus, such detachment being desirable for the performance of a number of exercises. FIGS. 38 through 44 and 46 show mechanisms which do permit detachment of the rigid arm 390 but provide control in setting the angle of the rigid arm 390a relative to the rotational axis 734 of the spooling force transmitter 102 when the rigid arm 390a is attached. FIG. 45 shows an example of a connector that permits detachment of the rigid arm 390a from the apparatus but does not afford selectability in terms of the angle of the rigid arm 390a relative to the rotational axis of the spooling force transmitter 102 when the rigid arm 390a is attached.

[0172] FIG. 38 shows a decoupling mechanism 745 similar in structure to the rigid arm coupler 110 that is shown in FIG. 8, but here the curved receptacle base 166 is removed from the curved receptacle 165 and the locking pin 701c is relied upon to both prevent the translation of the curved shaft end 106 relative to the curved receptacle 165 and to select the angle of the curved receptacle 165 relative to the curved shaft end 106 (when holes perpendicular to spool shaft 171 in the curved shaft end 106 and the curved receptacle 165 are aligned. With the locking pin 701c removed, the rigid arm 390a can be detached from the apparatus. Though not shown in a number of the embodiments that follow, a pin can be added to the attachments in a similar way to prevent their translation of the coupling elements relative to one another.

[0173] FIG. 39 shows a decoupling mechanism 745a with a structure similar to the one used in FIG. 38 but instead of the holes used to lock the curved shaft end 106 and curved receptacle 165 in place relative one another being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spool shaft 122 (as the holes perpendicular to spool shaft 171 of FIG. 38 are), here the curved shaft end 106 and curved receptacle 165 are locked into place relative to one another by aligning one of a series of holes parallel to spool shaft 167 in the curved shaft end 106 with one of a series of holes parallel to spool shaft 167 in curved receptacle 165 and inserting the locking pin 701t in the holes so aligned.

[0174] FIG. 40 shows a decoupling mechanism 745b in which there is a gear receptacle 185 attached to the rigid arm 390a and a connection gear 184 attached to the spool shaft 122. The shape of the connection gear 184 and the gear receptacle 185 permit the rigid arm 390a to be placed at various angles around the rotational axis of the spool shaft 122 (an hence the rotational axis of the spooling force transmitter 102).

[0175] FIG. 41 shows decoupling mechanism 745c in which a flat inner side receptacle 196 is attached to the rigid arm 390a and a flat sided shaft end 188 is attached to the spool shaft 122. The relative shapes of the flat inner side receptacle 196 and flat sided shaft end 188 permit the flat sided shaft end 188 to be inserted into the flat inner side receptacle 196 at various angles.

[0176] FIGS. 42A and 42B show a decoupling mechanism 745d. Here the curved receptacle 165 is mounted on the spool shaft 122 and the curved shaft end 106 is mounted on the rigid arm 390a. They are engaged in the same way as the apparatus in FIG. 38 using locking pin 701c.

[0177] In FIG. 43, decoupling mechanism 745e is shown. Here the flat sided end 188a is mounted on the rigid arm 390a and the flat inner side receptacle 196a on the spool shaft 122 for interlocking when the flat inner side receptacle 196a is placed over the flat sided end 188a.

[0178] In FIG. 44, decoupling mechanism 745g is shown. Here the rigid arm sleeve 192 with the hole in sleeve handle 397 fits over the rigid arm 390h and can be placed at various positions along its length, the rigid arm sleeve 192 connected to the spool shaft 122 (not visible here) for turning the spooling force transmitter 102. When the hole in tube 397 is aligned with one of the holes in rigid arm 170 in the rigid arm 390h the locking pin 701u is inserted in the holes so aligned to lock the rigid arm sleeve 192 in place at a selected point on the rigid arm 390h.

[0179] In FIG. 46, decoupling mechanism 745h is shown. Here the gear receptacle 185 is attached to the spool shaft 122 and the connection gear 184 is attached to the rigid arm 390a. They interlock in the same way as in decoupling mechanism 745b in FIG. 40.

[0180] In FIG. 45 a curved and flat end 182 is attached to the rigid arm 390a and a curved and flat receptacle 198 is attached to the spool shaft 122. The shape of the curved and flat end 182 and curved and flat receptacle 198 permit the attachment to occur at only one angle of the rigid arm 390a relative to the spool shaft 122 but the 390a can be disconnected from the 122 using this mechanism.

FIGS. 50 and 57-60—Converting the Spool to a Pulley

[0181] It is possible to convert the apparatus as shown so far from one which supports a spooling or a translating force transmitter to one which supports a spooling force transmitter that can be used as a pulley as well, using a version of the spooling force transmitter 102 to which a flexible connector coupler 120 has been added. An overview of this is shown is FIG. 50, where a user handle 108 is attached to the flexible connector 476 and the flexible connector is pulled around the spool rim 126 instead of being attached to the spooling force transmitter 102. However, to make this approach convenient for the user, a simple method for disconnecting the flexible connector 476 from the spooling force transmitter 102 must be offered (the rigid arm 390 also needs to be disconnected from the spooling force transmitter 102 but several methods for doing that have already been shown).

[0182] The detail of one approach for easy attachment and detachment of the flexible connector 476 from the spooling force transmitter 102 is shown in FIG. 57 and FIG. 58 (which is an exploded view of the mechanism in FIG. 57). Here the flexible connector 476 is attached to the spooling force transmitter 102 using a flexible connector coupler 120 comprising an end ring locking pin 121 that is inserted through a spool wall hole 116 in a spool wall 142 of the spooling force transmitter 102 and through an end ring 118 (FIG. 58), which is attached to the flexible connector 476. The end ring 118 is inserted into a deep recess 114 in the spool wall 142 until it is aligned with a spool wall hole 116. Once the end ring 118 and spool wall hole 116 are so aligned, the end ring locking pin 121 is inserted through both the holes locking the flexible connector 476 into place within spooling force transmitter 102. The end ring locking pin 121 has a standard spring loaded ball 119. The spring loaded ball 119 can be depressed until it is pushed all the way through spool wall 142. Once the spring loaded ball 119 extends beyond the spool wall 142 it is released, helping to hold the end ring locking pin 121 within the spool wall 142. The process is reversed when the user wants to remove the attachment and use the apparatus as a pulley, attaching the flexible connector 476 to the user handle 108 instead of the spooling force transmitter 102.

[0183] There are a variety of other ways to permit the connector to be conveniently attached to, and detached from, the spooling force transmitter 102. For example, FIGS. 59 and 60 (which is an exploded view of the mechanism in FIG. 59) show a flexible connector coupler 120a comprising a retaining sleeve head 128 and a retaining sleeve 129 with a slot in sleeve 117. The flexible connector coupler 120a inserts into the spool wall hole 116, across an end cylinder 131, which is attached to the flexible connector 476 and then travels through the rest of spool wall hole 116, locking the connector into place within the spool wall. The end cylinder 131 includes a pivot so that the cylinder can rotate relative to the flexible connector 476. Other attachments to the flexible connector 476 could serve a similar purpose, such as an attachment mechanism with a spherical shape, so that changing the position of the spooling force transmitter 102 around its positioning axis won't twist the flexible connector 476.

FIGS. 61-64—Improving Exercise Variety Using Additional Elements

[0184] The number and nature of the exercises that can be performed with various embodiments of the apparatus can be increased when the apparatus is selectively used with a bench. There are many varieties of bench currently in use, and many to be developed in the future, which can be used in conjunction with the apparatus. Just two examples are presented here. In FIG. 61, the user represented by a tubular FIG. 666 sits on an upright bench 668 and presses against the rigid user handle 714a attached to the rigid arm sleeve 192. This causes the translating force transmitter 101d to translate (the operation of this mechanism was discussed earlier). The user is shown is performing a seated bench press exercise.

[0185] FIG. 62 shows a user tubular FIG. 666 sitting on a more conventional bench 652 with the rigid user handle 714 placed in front of his/her lower legs 656. Here the user applies force to the rigid user handle 714 to perform the standard leg extension exercise. Locking pin 701y has been inserted into hole in carriage wall hole 303m (not visible here but visible in FIG. 64) and holes in fixed tube 454f and translating force transmitter 101d (not visible here but aligned with hole in carriage wall 303m) to prevent the translation of the translating force transmitter 101d while spooling force transmitter 102 is turned by the force being applied to rigid user handle 714.

[0186] Various embodiments of the apparatus can be used to duplicate many motions that are employed in sports events. FIG. 63 shows a stick figure user 664 grasping a baseball bat implement 662 attached to the rigid user handle 714 to simulate a bat swing. FIG. 64 shows the stick figure user 664 grasping a golf implement 654 rotatably attached to the rigid user handle 714 to simulate a golf swing.

[0187] The rigid user handle 714 can of course assume a vast number of other positions relative to the user and many other kinds of implements can be attached to the rigid user handle 714 to duplicate many other forms of sports, such as a dummy to simulate throws in wrestling and judo.

[0188] An additional preferred embodiment of the apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 66. The version of the apparatus in FIG. 66 is similar to the one in FIG. 1 except that a first deflecting pulley 802 and a second deflecting pulley 803 have been placed between the support end 811 of the carriage 300 and the spooling force transmitter 102e, the carriage's frame adjacent end 810 lockable and selected heights on the frame 430. In addition, the rotational axis 734 of the spooling force transmitter 102e and the flexible connector longitudinal axis 735 now essentially intersect and the connection between the rigid arm 390i and spooling force transmitter 102e has been simplified in a way that is similar to the design shown in FIG. 13 (the counterweight 413 has also been eliminated for ease of illustration but certainly could be incorporated in the overall design of the modified rigid arm). A detail of the modified areas of the apparatus relative to FIG. 1 are shown in the detail FIG. 66A, where the rigid arm 390i, one of two spool supports 452d and a portion end ring 118 and end ring locking pin 121a are exploded away from the spooling force transmitter 102e.

[0189] Here it can be seen that the flexible connector 476 emerges from the carriage 300 and is deflected toward the spooling force transmitter 102e by the first deflecting pulley 802. The rotational axis 734 of the spool shaft 122a is perpendicular to and intersects the flexible connector longitudinal axis 735 of the flexible connector 476 as it emerges from the carriage 300 between the spool supports. 452d and contacts the spooling force transmitter 102e proximal to end ring 118 and end ring locking pin 121a, which secure the flexible connector to the spooling force transmitter 102e. As shown, the apparatus is prepared to offer resistance when the rigid arm 390i is moved in a clockwise direction 808. If the spooling force transmitter 102e were rotated from the position shown in a counterclockwise direction 809, the flexible connector 476 would be deflected toward the spooling force transmitter 102e by the second deflecting pulley 803 and the user could experience resistance in a counterclockwise direction 809.

[0190] The user is able to select the angle of the rigid arm 390i around the spool shaft longitudinal axis 748, relative to the angle of the spooling force transmitter 102e by inserting the locking pin 701ab through the rigid arm angle adjustment hole 806, into one of a plurality of holes in the spool 731. The position of the rigid user handle 714 along the rigid arm 391a is determined by inserting the handle in one of a plurality of holes in rigid arm 170d. A variety of mechanisms like the start angle stopper 414a and circular plate 722c affixed to 452d on the side of the spooling force transmitter 122e opposite the side on which the rigid user handle 714 in FIG. 66 can be used to could be used to fix prevent the rigid arm 390i from moving backward from its starting position, as could the counterweight 413 attached to rigid arm 390 in the design shown in FIG. 1.

[0191] Also shown in FIGS. 66 and 66A is another embodiment of the start angle adjustment and brake 400b. It includes a circular plate 722b with a series of holes in plate 716b. The circular plate 722b is attached to the spool support 452d. When start angle stopper 414a inserted in one of the holes in plate 716b as is shown here, in prevents motion of the rigid arm 390i in a counterclockwise direction 809.

[0192] If the user desired resistance in a counterclockwise direction 809, the user would remove the start angle stopper 414a and rotate the rigid arm 390i in a counterclockwise direction 809. This rotational motion would initially create slack in the flexible connector 476 until as the spooling force transmitter 102c continued to turn the flexible connector 476 was deflected by the second deflecting pulley 803 toward the spooling force transmitter 102e and eventually the flexible connector became taught once again. At this point, resistance in a counterclockwise direction 809 would be experienced by the user upon further rotation in that direction.

Advantages

[0193] From the description above, a number of advantages of my apparatus become evident:

• • [0194] (a) One machine can be used for a wide variety of rotational exercises.
  • [0195] (b) One machine can closely fit the needs of users of almost any physical size.
  • [0196] (c) One machine can be used for both linear and rotational exercises, instead of requiring separate machines to perform these functions.
  • [0197] (d) In addition to saving the time and expense of purchasing and maintaining multiple machines, the user saves space, which is often even more important
  • [0198] (e) A sheave designed in the manner described permits a rotational motion of as much as 360 degrees or even multiples of 360 degrees. This allows the user a much wider choice in terms of range of motion than is normally available.
  • [0199] (f) When employing this apparatus for a rotational motion, the resistance experienced is essentially the same (disregarding any inertia at the start) throughout the range of motion selected, instead of changing over time, as is the case when the angle of the resistance changes relative to the angle of the lever arm being rotated (as is the case for many existing exercise devices).
  • [0200] (g) The inclusion of a mechanism which permits the positioning of the spool at any angle about flexible connector's longitudinal axis immediately contacts the spool permits the user to select from an previously unavailable range of exercise angles and the to fix the chosen angle for the duration of the exercise bout.
  • [0201] (h) The angle maintenance mechanism permits the user to maintain the angle of the pulley spool regardless of the way in which the carriage moves around the vertical axis and is particularly useful when the user wishes to employ two carriages simultaneously, one for each arm or leg.
  • [0202] (i) The combination of available translating elements, rotating spools and pulleys permits guided linear or rotational motion for exercises in which that is preferred but freer pulley resistance where that is preferred.
  • [0203] (j) Certain embodiments of the apparatus permit bi-directional resistance without having to alter the orientation of the spooling force transmitter.

[0204] Accordingly, the reader will see that the ability to adjust resistance height and angle, the arc size and plane of rotational motions, counterweight positioning, and even, through certain embodiments, to use the spool as a pulley which can be set at any angle, and to employ guided linear motion can afford the user a much wider range of choices and applications than existing exercise machines and it can do so through essentially one exercise station instead of multiple stations. Convenience, as well as time, money and space saved can all be enjoyed by the user, but any of these advantages or others would make such an apparatus of significant value.

[0205] Although the above description contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. For example, While the sheave spooling force transmitter 102 shown thus far has been approximately the same diameter as the pulleys shown, it can easily be significantly larger or smaller in diameter. It can also be wider and/or have deeper to walls, to permit multiple turns of the flexible connector 138 around it and have a variety of shapes such as that of a cam or an ellipse.

[0206] Also, the flexible connector can be attached directly to the resistance source and a winch placed between the user and resistance could be used to adjust the length of the available flexible connector and raise the carriage, eliminating the need for many of the redirecting pulleys of the embodiments already discussed and helping to lift the carriage to an appropriate height. Similarly, implements that are added to the flexible connector end or crank handle could include padded dummies (e.g., to simulate the human body or any part of it) to permit the user to practice judo and wrestling throws. Accordingly, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the descriptions of the preferred embodiments contained but should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

[0207] Accordingly, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the descriptions of the preferred embodiments contained but should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

[0208] The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with this specification and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference. All the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

[0209] Any element in a claim that does not explicitly state “means for performing” a specified function, or “step for” performing a specific function, is not to be interpreted as a “means” or “step” clause is specified in 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶6. In particular, the use of “step of” in the claims herein is not intended to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112 ¶6.