Assembly tool for modular implants, kit and associated method

[0001] This application is a Continuation-in-Part of attorney docket number DEP 670CIP, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/878,292 filed Jun. 28, 2004, entitled ASSEMBLY TOOL FOR MODULAR IMPLANTS AND ASSOCIATED METHOD, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20050033444 published Feb. 10, 2005, entitled ASSEMBLY TOOL FOR MODULAR IMPLANTS AND ASSOCIATED METHOD which is a Continuation-in-Part of attorney docket number DEP 670 U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/606,401 filed Jun. 25, 2003, entitled ASSEMBLY TOOL FOR MODULAR IMPLANTS AND ASSOCIATED METHOD now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20040267373 published Dec. 30, 2004, entitled ASSEMBLY TOOL FOR MODULAR IMPLANTS AND ASSOCIATED METHOD and both are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

[0002] The present invention relates generally to the field of orthopaedics, and more particularly, to an implant for use in arthroplasty.

[0003] Patients who suffer from the pain and immobility caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have an option of joint replacement surgery. Joint replacement surgery is quite common and enables many individuals to function properly when it would not be otherwise possible to do so. Artificial joints are usually comprised of metal, ceramic and/or plastic components that are fixed to existing bone.

[0004] Such joint replacement surgery is otherwise known as joint arthroplasty. Joint arthroplasty is a well-known surgical procedure by which a diseased and/or damaged joint is replaced with a prosthetic joint. In a typical total joint arthroplasty, the ends or distal portions of the bones adjacent to the joint are resected or a portion of the distal part of the bone is removed and the artificial joint is secured thereto.

[0005] There are known to exist many designs and methods for manufacturing implantable articles, such as bone prostheses. Such bone prostheses include components of artificial joints such as elbows, hips, knees and shoulders.

[0006] During performance of a joint replacement procedure, it is generally necessary to provide the surgeon with a certain degree of flexibility in the selection of a prosthesis. In particular, the anatomy of the bone into which the prosthesis is to be implanted may vary somewhat from patient to patient. Such variations may be due to, for example, the patient's age, size and gender. For example, in the case of a femoral prosthesis, the patient's femur may be relatively long or relatively short thereby requiring use of a femoral prosthesis, which includes a stem that is relatively long or short, respectively. Moreover, in certain cases, such as when use of a relatively long stem length is required, the stem must also be bowed in order to conform to the anatomy of the patient's femoral canal.

[0007] Such a need for prostheses of varying shapes and sizes thus creates a number of problems in regard to the use of a one-piece prosthesis. For example, a hospital or surgery center must maintain a relatively large inventory of prostheses in order to have the requisite mix of prostheses needed for certain situations, such as trauma situations and revision surgery. Moreover, since the bow of the stem must conform to the bow of the intramedullary canal of the patient's femur, rotational positioning of the upper portion of the prosthesis is limited thereby rendering precise location of the upper portion and hence the head of the prosthesis very difficult.

[0008] In addition, since corresponding bones of the left and right side of a patient's anatomy (e.g. left and right femur) may bow in opposite directions, it is necessary to provide (left) and (right) variations of the prosthesis in order to provide anteversion of the bone stem, thereby further increasing the inventory of prostheses which must be maintained.

[0009] As a result of these and other drawbacks, a number of modular prostheses have been designed. As its name implies, a modular prosthesis is constructed in modular form so that the individual elements or figures of the prosthesis can be selected to fit the needs of a given patient's anatomy. For example, modular prostheses have been designed which include a proximal neck component which can be assembled to any one of numerous distal stem components in order to create an assembly which fits the needs of a given patient's anatomy. Such a design allows the distal stem component to be selected and thereafter implanted in the patient's bone in a position which conforms to the patient's anatomy while also allowing for a limited degree of independent positioning of the proximal neck component relative to the patient's pelvis.

[0010] One issue that arises as a result of the use of a modular prosthesis is the locking of the components relative to one another. In particular, firm reproducible locking of the proximal neck component to the distal stem component is critical to prevent separation of the two components subsequent to implantation thereof into the patient. The need for the firm locking is particularly necessary if the design does not provide for positive locking with weight bearing. As such, a number of locking mechanisms have heretofore been designed to lock the components of a modular prosthesis to one another. For example, a number of modular prostheses have heretofore been designed to include a distal stem component, which has an upwardly extending post, which is received into a bore defmed distal neck component. A relatively long fastener such as a screw or bolt is utilized to secure the post with the bore. Other methods of securing modular components include the impacting of one component onto the other. This method has highly variable results

[0011] Current designs of modular stems include designs in which the modular connection utilizes a tapered fit between the two components. For example, the proximal body may include an internal taper, which mates with an external taper on the distal stem. Such a taper connection may be used in conjunction with additional securing means, for example, a threaded connection or may be used alone. It is important that the tapered connection be secure. For example, the proper amount of force must be applied to the tapered connection to properly secure the tapered connection so that the connection can withstand the forces associated with the operation of the stem.

[0012] Current attempts to provide a device to adjoin components of a modular joint prosthesis are fraught with several problems. For example, the device may not provide sufficient mechanical advantage to securely lock the components. Further, the ergonomics available to lock the components may not be optimal. Further, a device relying solely on the displacement for a taper connection may not provide sufficient force as there may not be an accurate correspondence of displacement to the clamping force. Further, utilizing a displacement method may make it possible to overtighten and damage the components. Further, prior art solutions may be difficult to manufacture or expensive to make. Further prior art devices may be unsuitable for disconnecting the components.

[0013] Once a modular prosthesis, for example, a modular hip stem prosthesis, has its relative components positioned properly, the components must be firmly secured to each other. It is possible when the components are secured together that relative motion between the components may occur causing their relative position in particular their angular orientation to be disturbed. In other words, when the first and second components of the modular hip stem are drawn together, one component may rotate about the other one causing their version or orientation to be compromised. Further, whatever device that is used to angularly position the components of the modular prosthesis into the proper orientation may need to be removed and an assembly device positioned on the prosthesis to secure the components to each other. Such removal of the alignment device and installation of the assembly device adds cost and complexity to the procedure, as well as, increasing the operating room time.

[0014] There is thus a need to provide for an assembly and disassembly tool capable of alleviating at least some of the aforementioned problems.

[0015] US Patent Application Publication No. 20040122439 entitled “ADJUSTABLE BIOMECHANICAL TEMPLATING & RESECTION INSTRUMENT AND ASSOCIATED METHOD”, US Patent Application Publication No. 20040122437 entitled “ALIGNMENT DEVICE FOR MODULAR IMPLANTS AND METHOD”, US Patent Application Publication No. 20040122440 entitled “INSTRUMENT AND ASSOCIATED METHOD OF TRIALING FOR MODULAR HIP STEMS”, US Patent Application Publication No. 20040267266 published Jun. 25, 2003 entitled “MODULAR TAPERED REAMER FOR BONE PREPARATION AND ASSOCIATED METHOD”, and US Patent Application Publication No. 20040267267 published Dec. 30, 2004 entitled “NON-LINEAR REAMER FOR BONE PREPARATION AND ASSOCIATED METHOD” are hereby incorporated in their entireties by reference.

[0016] Prior attempts to provide instruments to assemble modular prostheses have had problems due to the large and bulky nature of such instruments. These large and bulky instruments are difficult for the surgeon to use and provide problems in performing minimally invasive orthopedic implant surgery. Furthermore, prior art tools provide a tool designed for only one modular prosthesis. The tool may not be suitable for prostheses with other sizes and shapes. The present invention is directed to alleviate at least some of the problems with the prior art.

[0017] According to the present invention, a device is provided for two components of a modular joint prosthesis. The device is particularly well-suited for assembling the proximal stem component to the distal stem component of a modular prosthetic joint stem, such as one for a hip prosthesis. The instrument has a portion that engages, for example, the proximal component and another component that engages the distal component. The instrument applies force on the proximal component and an opposing force on the distal component. For example, the instrument may threadably engage the proximal aspect of the distal stem and apply an opposing force on the proximal shoulder of the proximal body.

[0018] The first component of the instrument is caused to rotate with respect to the second component of the instrument. A handle is rotated about the central axis that conveys rotary motion into axial displacement. The axial displacement serves to thereby lock and unlock the taper joining the distal component to the proximal component. The instrument may be designed to yield a specific axial displacement, which is previously determined based upon the specific taper geometry of the implant.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present invention, a coupling device threadably engages with the proximal aspect of the distal stem. A counterface contacts the proximal aspect or shoulder of the proximal body in order to provide opposing forces, which axially displace the two components relative to each other, thus locking and unlocking the tapered connection. The instrument may be actuated by rotating one handle with respect to the body or another handle. The handle may, for example, travel in a slot, angled relative to the axis of the cylinder, thereby providing axial motion. In other embodiments of the present invention, a standard thread and bolt connection between the first component and the second component provide for the axial motion.

[0020] According to the present invention, an instrument is provided that engages and disengages in components of prosthesis by applying opposing forces while offering rotational control to the components. The instrument and associated method can be used for assembly, disassembling, and controlling the version of a modular joint replacement.

[0021] The instrument may, for example, threadably engage the proximal aspect of the distal stem and apply an opposing force on the proximal shoulder of the proximal body to assemble or disassemble the components. The instruments may also lock onto the proximal component to control version of the components during assembly.

[0022] The instrument may threadably engage the proximal aspect of the distal stem. A counterface, for example, may contact the proximal aspect of the shoulder and an orientation device in the form of a crab claw type of clamp may be used to orient the proximal portion of the body. The instruments provide opposing forces, which axially displaces the two components relative to each other thus locking and unlocking the tapered connection of the modular joint.

[0023] The orientation device and the instruments may be used to provide a method to control the rotation and or the position of the proximal body with respect to the distal stem during assembly. The instrument may be actuated by a rotating handle. The handle may for example, travel in a slot angled relative to the axis of the body of the instrument. The instrument may include indicia or marks that can assist in the proper angular orientation of the modular components. External data for example, CT data can be used to reproduce a predetermined angle selected by the surgeon for the prosthesis.

[0024] According to the present invention an instrument and associated method is provided that can be used for assembling and disassembling a modular joint prosthesis. The instrument engages the proximal aspect of the distal stem by suitable means, such as by a threadable engagement, and applies an opposing force on the proximal shoulder of the proximal body to assemble or disassemble the components. The instrument does so with low friction by the use of a low friction connection.

[0025] Such a low friction connection may be in the form of a threaded connection with truncated roots and crests in the threads. One such form of truncated roots and crests is in the form of an Acme® thread. Other methods of reducing friction, such as the use of lubricants, coated surfaces, or a ball bearing race, may be utilized to maintain a low friction connection.

[0026] The instrument of the present invention threadably engages the proximal aspect of the distal stem. A face of the instrument contacts the proximal aspect in the form of the shoulder of the proximal body. The instrument provides opposing forces that displace the two components relative to each other, thus locking and unlocking the taper connection. The instrument is actuated by rotating handles. In one case the handle travels in a slot angle relative to the axis of the cylinder. In another embodiment the connection is in the form of a thread. The thread may include truncated roots and crests on the thread and may be in the form of an Acme® thread.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an assembly tool for assembly of a first component of a prosthesis to a second component of the prosthesis for use in joint arthroplasty. The tool includes a first member operably associated with the first component and a second member. The second member is operably associated with the second component. At least one of the first member and the second member are adapted to provide for the assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component of the prosthesis. The second member is operably associated with the first member for relative motion between the first member and the second member for assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component. The tool also includes an angular orientation feature cooperating with at least one of the first member and the second member for at least one of replicating and measuring the relative angular orientation of the first component with respect to the second component.

[0028] According to another embodiment of the present invention there is provided a kit for use in joint arthroplasty. The kit includes an implant for implantation at least partially in the medullary canal of a long bone. The implant includes a first component and a second component removably attachable to the first component and an assembly tool. The assembly tool has a first member operably associated with the first component. The first member includes a first member relative motion feature and a body defining a generally cylindrical longitudinal opening therein. A second member is operably associated with the second component. The second member is operably associated with the first member for relative motion between the first member and the second member for assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component. The assembly tool also includes an angular orientation feature cooperating with at least one of the first member and the second member for at least one of replicating and measuring the relative angular orientation of the first component with respect to the second component.

[0029] According to a further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for providing joint arthroplasty. The method includes the step of providing a prosthesis including a first component and a second component removably attachable to the first component. The method also includes the step of providing an instrument having a first member operably associated with the first component. The first member includes a first member relative motion feature and a body defining a generally cylindrical longitudinal opening therein. A second member is operably associated with the second component. The second member is operably associated with the first member for relative motion between the first member and the second member for assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component. The instrument also includes an angular orientation feature cooperating with at least one of the first member and the second member for at least one of replicating and measuring the relative angular orientation of the first component with respect to the second component. The method also includes the step of assembling the first component to the second component. The method also includes the step of connecting the first member of the tool to the first component. The method also includes the step of connecting the second member of the tool to the second component. The method also includes the step of rotating the first member of the tool with respect to the second member of the tool to secure the first component to the second component.

[0030] According to a yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for providing joint arthroplasty. The method includes the step of providing a trial prosthesis including a stem trial portion for implantation at least partially into the femoral canal of a femur and a neck trial portion extending from the stem portion. The method includes the steps of positioning the stem trial portion in the femoral canal and positioning the neck trial portion relative to the stem trial portion. The method includes the steps of securing the neck trial portion to the stem trial portion and trialing the trial prosthesis. The method includes the steps of attaching an instrument to the stem trial portion and the neck trial portion and measuring the relative position of the stem trial portion to the neck trial portion. The method includes the steps of providing a implant prosthesis including a stem implant portion for implantation at least partially into the femoral canal of a femur and a neck implant portion extending from the stem portion and of providing an instrument to secure the stem implant portion to the neck implant portion while angularly orienting the stem implant portion to the neck implant portion.

[0031] According to a yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an assembly tool for assembly of a first component of a prosthesis to a second component of the prosthesis for use in joint arthroplasty. The tool includes a first member in contact with the first component. The first member defines a first member longitudinal axis thereof. The tool also includes a second member connected to the second component. The second member defines a second member longitudinal axis. The first member longitudinal axis and the first member longitudinal axis are coexistent. The first member and the second member are adapted to provide for the assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component of the prosthesis. The second member is adapted to provide relative motion of the second member with respect to the first member when the second member is rotated relative to the first member about the second member longitudinal axis for assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component. The relative motion of the second member with respect to the first member is utilized to effect the relative motion of the first component with respect to the second component to urge the second component into engagement with the first component. The first member has a first member relative motion feature and the second member has a second member relative motion feature. The first member relative motion feature and the second member relative motion feature cooperate with each other to provide the relative motion of the first member with respect to the second member. The first member relative motion feature and the second member relative motion feature are adapted to reduce friction between each other.

[0032] According to a yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a kit for use in joint arthroplasty. The kit is for assembly of a first component of a first prosthesis to a second component of the first prosthesis, as well as, for the assembly of a first component of a second prosthesis to a second component of a second prosthesis. At least one of the first component of the first prosthesis and the first component of the second prostheses and the second component of the first prosthesis and the second component of the second prostheses has at least one different dimension. The kit includes an assembly tool for assembly of the first component of the first prosthesis to the second component of the first prosthesis for use in joint arthroplasty. The assembly tool includes a first member in contact with the first component. The first member defines a first member longitudinal axis thereof and a second member connected to the second component. The second member defines a second member longitudinal axis thereof. The first member longitudinal axis and the first member longitudinal axis are coexistent. The first member and the second member are adapted to provide for the assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component of the prosthesis. The second member is adapted to provide relative motion of the second member with respect to the first member when the second member is rotated relative to the first member about the second member longitudinal axis for assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component. The relative motion of the second member with respect to the first member is utilized to effect the relative motion of the first component with respect to the second component to urge the second component into engagement with the first component. The first member includes a first member relative motion feature and the second member includes a second member relative motion feature. The first member relative motion feature and the second member relative motion feature cooperate with each other to provide the relative motion of the first member with respect to the second member. The kit also includes an adaptor removably connectable to the first member for permitting the assembly tool to connect the first component of the second prosthesis to the second component of the second prosthesis.

[0033] According to a further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for providing joint arthroplasty. The method includes the step of providing a plurality of prostheses, each prosthesis including a first component and a second component removably attachable to the first component. At least one dimension of one of the first and second components of each prosthesis being different from that of the other prostheses. The method includes the step of providing a instrument having a first member operably associated with the first component. The first member includes a first member relative motion feature and a body defining a generally cylindrical longitudinal opening therein. The instrument also has a second member operably associated with the second component. The second member is operably associated with the first member for relative motion there between for assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component. The instrument including a plurality of adaptors. Each adaptor is suited for one of the different prostheses. The method also includes the steps of selecting one of the plurality of prostheses and assembling the first component of the one prosthesis to the second component of the one prosthesis. The method also includes the steps of assembling the adaptor suited for the one prosthesis from the plurality of adaptors onto the instrument and connecting the first member of the tool to the first component. The method also includes the steps of connecting the second member of the tool to the second component and rotating the first member of the tool with respect to the second member of the tool to secure the first component to the second component.

[0034] The technical advantages of the present invention include the ability of the device to provide sufficient mechanical advantage to properly secure the components to form a secured joint. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention, the first component is joined to the second component by a threaded connection. By changing the pitch of the threadable connection, the mechanical advantage can be increased to provide for a sufficient mechanical advantage.

[0035] For example, according to yet another aspect of the present invention, the first component and the second component have outwardly extending handles. The handles may have any suitable length and may be made longer to provide for additional mechanical advantage. Thus the present invention provides for sufficient mechanical advantage to properly secure the prosthesis.

[0036] Another technical advantage of the present invention is the ability of the device to provide for optimum ergonomics. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention, the device is held and actuated by opposed extending handles, which may be easily gripped by the surgeon and rotated relative to each other to secure the joint. Thus, the present invention provides for simple optimum ergonomics.

[0037] Yet another technical advantage of the present invention includes the ability of the device to provide for a measurement of forces in addition to the measurement of displacement. Due to frictional forces and additional complications, displacements of the device do not always directly linerally correspond to the forces that may be applied by the device. Therefore, there is an advantage to be able to measure the force applied by the device in addition to the displacement of the device. For example, according to another aspect of the present invention, a handle of the device may include a torque measuring feature, which may be used to measure the torque applied to the device. Alternatively or in addition thereto, the device may include a force washer or other force transducers along the axial body of the instrument in order that the forces applied may be directly measured.

[0038] Another technical advantage of the present invention includes the ability of the device to limit the displacement of the instrument and therefore to limit the force applied to the prosthesis. If excessive force is applied to the prosthesis it is possible to overtighten and damage the component. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention, the displacement is physically limited by a helical opening of limited length or by a limited amount of threaded engagement between the two components. It is also possible to provide for a device with a break-away torque limiter that limits the amount of torque that the device may apply. Thus, the present invention provides for an ability to avoid over tightening of the prosthesis components.

[0039] Another technical advantage of the present invention is its simple and inexpensive design. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention, the device includes a cylindrical tube and a rod, which slideably fits within the cylindrical tube. The tube and rod are threadably connected so that when one component is rotated with respect to the other one, the one component moves axially relative to the other one, providing for a simple, inexpensive way of utilizing a device to disassemble or assemble a component.

[0040] An additional advantage of the present invention includes the ability of the device to be utilized simply and easily to disconnect as well as to connect the components of a modular prosthesis. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention, a component may be placed onto the assembly device to provide for connecting features to disassemble the device. Thus, the present invention provides for a simple and quick way of being utilized to disassemble as well as to assemble a prosthesis.

[0041] Another technical advantage of the present invention, includes the ability of the device to control the orientation of the components while they are being connected. The device serves to maintain the orientation during connection. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention, a first member is provided for operable association with the proximal body and a second member is operably associated with the distal stem. Further an angular orientation feature cooperates with the first member and the second member for containing the angular orientation of the first component with respect to the second component. The present invention provides for an ability to control the orientation of the component while they are being secured to each other.

[0042] Another technical advantage of the present invention, is that angular orientation of the components of a modular prosthesis can be aligned angularly and secured to each other with a common device. For example, according to the present invention, an assembly tool is provided including a first member associated with the proximal body and the second member associated with a distal stem. An angular orientation feature is provided which cooperates with the first member and the second member to orient the first component with respect to the second component. Thus the present invention provides for the ability to set the angular orientation and secure the components of the modular prosthesis with a common device.

[0043] Yet another technical advantage of the present invention is that it can be used to measure the angular orientation of the distal stem with respect to the proximal body. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention the tool of the present invention includes an angular orientation feature, which cooperates with the first member and the second member to measure the relative angular orientation of the first component with respect to the second component. Thus the present invention provides for the ability to measure the angular orientation of the distal stem with respect to the proximal body.

[0044] Yet another technical advantage of the present invention includes the ability of the device to limit the force on the joint connection during assembly. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention the first member or the second member of the assembly tool is adapted to provide for limited predetermined amount of relative motion of the first member with respect to the second member along the second member longitudinal axis. Thus the present invention provides for the ability to avoid over-tighting of the prosthesis components.

[0045] Yet another technical advantage of the present invention, includes the ability of the device to monitor force or displacement at the connecting joint of the modular prosthesis. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention the assembly tool of the present invention further includes a displacement measuring device or a force measuring device for measuring the displacement or force related to the relative motion of the second member with respect to the first member of the assembly tool. The displacement measuring device and the force measuring device may be utilized to limit the displacement of the force or by preventing the over-tighting of the prosthesis components. The displacement measuring device may be in the form of marks or indicia at the force measuring device may be in the form of a torque wrench.

[0046] Yet another technical advantage of the present invention includes the ability of the device to permit the engagement of the distal stem to the proximal body while the proximal body is contacted to the assembly tool. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention the assembly tool further includes a fourth member which is cooperable with the third member. The fourth member translates along the longitudinal axis while the third member translates along the longitudinal axis. The fourth member may be manually rotated about the fourth member longitudinal axis. Thus the fourth member serves to permit manual rotation of the second member to engage the second member to the distal stem to the proximal body manually. Thus the present invention provides for the ability to assemble the tool to the distal stem while the proximal body is connected to the assembly tool.

[0047] Yet another technical advantage of the present invention includes the ability of the device to accommodate a plurality of proximal bodies and distal stem lengths. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention, a first member is axially adjustable along the first member axis to accommodate a different length of the first member and the second member. This variation in length between the first member and the second member provides for a fit to a plurality of proximal bodies and distal stems. Thus, the present invention provides for the ability to accommodate a plurality of proximal bodies and distal stems.

[0048] Yet another technical advantage of the present invention includes the ability of the device to fit a plurality of proximal bodies and distal stem shape. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention the orientor which orients the first member is slideably connected to the first member. Thus the present invention provides for an ability for the proximal body to move axially with respect of the distal stem providing for a fit of a plurality of different shape proximal bodies and distal stems with a common assembly tool.

[0049] Yet another technical advantage of the present invention includes the ability of the device to set the proximal body and distal stem orientation to a desired setting. For example, according to one aspect of the present invention, the assembly tool includes a first orientor that is connected to the first component and a second orientor that cooperates with the second component as well as a first timing feature that cooperates with the first member and a second timing feature that cooperates with the second member. The timing features and orientors can be utilized to pre-set the proximal body and distal stem to a desired setting.

[0050] For example, according to one aspect of the present invention an assembly tool is provided including a first member in contact with the first component and a second member in contact with the second component along the first and second members longitudinal axis. Thus the present invention provides for a simple mechanical connection that provides for a small and compact instrument for assembling and disassembling a modular orthopedic implant.

[0051] The technical advantages of the present invention further include the ability to accurately tighten a thread.

[0052] For example, according to another aspect of the present invention an assembly tool is provided that includes a first member for contact with the first component and a second member connected to the second component where the second member is adapted to provide relative motion of the second member with respect to the first member. The first member includes a first member relative motion feature and the second member includes a second member relative motion feature where the relative motion features are adapted to reduce friction. Further, the assembly tool includes a displacement measuring device or a force measuring device for measuring the displacement of force related to the relative motion of the second member with respect to the first member. Thus, the present invention provides for an ability to accurately tighten the first component to the second component on a modular implant.

[0053] The technical advantages of the present invention further include the ability to provide for a low friction device. The assembly, tool includes a first member in contact with the first component and a second member connected to the second component. The first member and second member include relative motion features that are adapted to reduce friction between each other. Thus the present invention provides for a low friction device to secure a first component to a second component.

[0054] The technical advantages of the present invention further include the ability to measure the clamping force of the first component against the second component of a prosthesis. For example, according to yet another aspect of the present invention an assembly tool is provided for assembling a first component to a second component of the prosthesis. The first member and the second member include relative motion features. The relative motion features are adapted to reduce friction between each other. Further the assembly tool includes one of a displacement measuring device and a force measuring device for measuring the corresponding displacement and force related to the relative motion of the first member with respect to the second member. Thus the present invention provides for measuring clamping force accurately by providing for a force measuring device and providing for a low friction connection.

[0055] The technical advantages of the present invention further include the ability to measure the torque utilized in connecting a first component to a second component. For example, according to another aspect of the present invention an assembly tool is provided for connecting a first component to a second component of a prosthesis. The first member includes a first member relative motion feature and is in contact with the first member. The second member includes a relative motion feature and the first relative motion feature and the second relative motion feature provide the motion necessary to connect the first component to the second component. The assembly tool also includes a torque measuring device for measuring the torque related to the relative motion of the second member with respect to the first member.

[0056] The technical advantages of the present invention further include the ability to use the assembly tool with a variety of different prosthesis. For example and according to another aspect of the present invention a kit for use in joint arthroplasty is provided. The kit includes an assembly tool including a first member and a second member which cooperate with each other to advance the first component into engaging with the second component. The kit also includes an adaptor removable connected to the first member for permitting the assembly tool to connect the first component to a second prosthesis having a size and shape different than the first prosthesis. Thus, the present invention provides for use with a variety of prostheses.

[0057] The technical advantages of the present invention further include the ability to sterilize the assembly tool of the present invention. For example, according to yet another aspect of the present invention the assembly tool includes a first member and a second member that have two piece construction. Each of the two pieces may be sterilized separately providing for an assembly tool that is sterilizable.

[0058] Other technical advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions and claims.

[0059] For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0060] FIG. 1 is a plan view partially in cross-section of an embodiment of the present invention in the form of an assembly tool including a threaded connection in operation with a prosthesis;

[0061] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention in the form of an assembly tool with a spiral cam and follower mechanism shown in engagement with a prosthesis;

[0062] FIG. 3 is a cross section view of FIG. 2 along the line 3-3 in the direction of the arrows;

[0063] FIG. 4 is a plan view of a two pieced modular hip stem than may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 2;

[0064] FIG. 5 is an exploded plan view of the modular hip stem of FIG. 4;

[0065] FIG. 6 is a partial plan view of a proximal body of another embodiment of a two pieced modular hip stem than may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 2 without the counter bore for the assembly nut as in the hip stem of FIG. 5;

[0066] FIG. 7 is a lateral view partially in cross section of the modular hip stem of FIG. 4;

[0067] FIG. 8 is a plan view of a three piece modular hip stem with a nut that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 2;

[0068] FIG. 9 is an exploded plan view of three piece modular hip stem of FIG. 8;

[0069] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 installed onto the two-piece modular stem of FIG. 4;

[0070] FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the inclined actuating area in greater detail;

[0071] FIG. 12 is a partial unwound view of the inclined actuating area of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the inclined actuating area in greater detail;

[0072] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the implant of FIG. 8 being disassembled;

[0073] FIG. 14 is a partial enlarged plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the ramp actuation mechanism in greater detail;

[0074] FIG. 15 is a partial enlarged perspective view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the ramp actuation mechanism in greater detail;

[0075] FIG. 16 is a partial perspective view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing spiral cam portion of the ramp actuation mechanism in greater detail;

[0076] FIG. 17 is a partial top view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 partially disassembled, showing the spool of the ramp actuation mechanism in greater detail;

[0077] FIG. 18 is a partial enlarged plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the connector for cooperation with the actuation arm in greater detail;

[0078] FIG. 19 is a partial enlarged plan view partially in cross section of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the connector of the actuation arm in greater detail;

[0079] FIG. 20 is a plan view partially in cross section of the implant of FIG. 4 showing the implant in engagement with the assembly tool of FIG. 2;

[0080] FIG. 21 is a plan view partially in cross section of the implant of FIG. 8 showing the implant in engagement with the assembly tool of FIG. 2;

[0081] FIG. 22 is a partial enlarged view of the implant of FIG. 8 being assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 2;

[0082] FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the implant of FIG. 4 being disassembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 2;

[0083] FIG. 24 is a partial enlarged perspective view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 including the adaptor for use in disassembly;

[0084] FIG. 25 is a partial cross-sectional plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the implant of FIG. 4 being disassembled and showing the removable disassembly component in position on the assembly tool;

[0085] FIG. 26 is a partial top view of the assembly tool of FIG. 2 showing the removable disassembly component in position on the assembly tool;

[0086] FIG. 27 is a partial enlarged plan view of the implant of FIG. 4 being disassembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 2;

[0087] FIG. 28 is a partial enlarged plan view of the implant of FIG. 8 being disassembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 2;

[0088] FIG. 29 is a plan view of another embodiment of the present invention in the form of an assembly tool including a torque wrench for measuring the torque applied to the modular implant;

[0089] FIG. 30 is a flow chart of a method of using the assembly tool of the present invention according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] FIG. 31 is a perspective view of an assembly tool assembly tool with alignment feature according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] FIG. 32 is an exploded plan view of an articulating reamer and a counter bored reamer for use to prepare a cavity in a long bone for the insertion of an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of the present invention;

[0092] FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a proximal body trial in position on the articulating reamer of FIG. 32 for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of the present invention;

[0093] FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the proximal body trial/articulating reamer assembly of FIG. 33 in cooperation with an alignment tool, the proximal body trial/articulating reamer assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of the present invention;

[0094] FIG. 35 is a plan view of a proximal body/arcuate distal stem trial assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of the present invention;

[0095] FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the proximal body/arcuate distal stem trial assembly of FIG. 34 in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 34, proximal body/arcuate distal stem trial assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of the present invention;

[0096] FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a proximal body trial/arcuate distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 34, the proximal body trial/arcuate distal stem implant assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of the present invention;

[0097] FIG. 38 is a plan view of a proximal body implant/arcuate distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with the assembly tool with alignment feature of FIG. 30;

[0098] FIG. 39 is a plan view partially in cross section of the assembly tool of FIG. 30 in cooperation with the implant assembly of FIG. 38;

[0099] FIG. 40 is aside view partially in cross section of the assembly tool of FIG. 30 in cooperation with the implant assembly of FIG. 38;

[0100] FIG. 41 is a plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 30 in cooperation with the implant assembly of FIG. 38;

[0101] FIG. 42 is a partial plan view in cross section of the assembly tool of FIG. 30 showing the torque input end in greater detail;

[0102] FIG. 43 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 42 along the line 43-43 in the directions of the arrows;

[0103] FIG. 44 is a partial plan view in cross section of FIG. 37 showing a portion of the torque input end in greater detail;

[0104] FIG. 45 is a partial plan view in cross section of the assembly tool of FIG. 30 showing the inner force transmitting portion in greater detail;

[0105] FIG. 46 is a partial top view of the assembly tool of FIG. 30 showing the proximal body alignment portion in greater detail;

[0106] FIG. 47 is a partial end view of the proximal body alignment portion of the assembly tool of FIG. 30;

[0107] FIG. 48 is a plan view in cross section of the assembly tool of FIG. 30;

[0108] FIG. 49 is a partial top view of the assembly tool of FIG. 30 showing the distal stem alignment groove and the proximal body alignment indicia in greater detail;

[0109] FIG. 50 is a partial plan view in cross section of the assembly tool of FIG. 30 showing the upper portion in greater detail;

[0110] FIG. 50A is a cross sectional view of FIG. 50 along the line 50A-50A in the directions of the arrows;

[0111] FIG. 51 is a partial plan view of the inner force transmitting portion of FIG. 45 in greater detail;

[0112] FIG. 52 is a plan view of a unitary reamer for use to prepare a cavity in a long bone for the insertion of an implant that may be assembled with assembly tool of FIG.37;

[0113] FIG. 53 is a plan view of a proximal body trial in position on the unitary reamer of FIG. 52 for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0114] FIG. 54 is a perspective view of the proximal body/unitary reamer assembly of FIG. 53 in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body/unitary reamer assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0115] FIG. 55 is a plan view of a proximal body/straight distal stem trial assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0116] FIG. 56 is a perspective view of the proximal body/straight distal stem trial assembly of FIG. 55 in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body/straight distal stem trial assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0117] FIG. 57 is a perspective view of a proximal neck trial/straight distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body trial/arcuate distal stem implant assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0118] FIG. 58 is a plan view of a proximal body implant/straight distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0119] FIG. 59 is a plan view of a proximal body trial with a proximal body sleeve in position on the articulating reamer of FIG. 31 for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0120] FIG. 60 is a perspective view of the proximal neck trial with a proximal body sleeve/articulating reamer assembly of FIG. 59 in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body trial with a proximal body sleeve/articulating reamer assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0121] FIG. 61 is a plan view of a proximal body with a proximal body sleeve/arcuate distal stem trial assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0122] FIG. 62 is a plan view of the proximal body with a proximal body sleeve/arcuate distal stem trial assembly of FIG. 61 in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body with a proximal body sleeve/arcuate distal stem trial assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0123] FIG. 63 is a perspective view of a proximal body trial with a proximal body sleeve/arcuate distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body trial/arcuate distal stem implant assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0124] FIG. 64 is a plan view of a proximal body implant with a proximal body sleeve/arcuate distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0125] FIG. 65 is a plan view of a proximal body trial with a proximal body sleeve in position on the unitary reamer of FIG. 52 for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0126] FIG. 66 is a perspective view of the proximal body with a proximal body sleeve/unitary reamer assembly of FIG. 53 in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body with a proximal body sleeve/straight reamer assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0127] FIG. 67 is a plan view of a proximal body with a proximal body sleeve/straight distal stem trial assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0128] FIG. 68 is a perspective view of the proximal body with a proximal body sleeve/straight distal stem trial assembly of FIG. 55 in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body with a proximal body sleeve/straight distal stem trial assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0129] FIG. 69 is a perspective view of a proximal body trial with a proximal body sleeve/straight distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with the alignment tool of FIG. 33, the proximal body trial with a proximal body sleeve/arcuate distal stem implant assembly for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 37;

[0130] FIG. 70 is a plan view of a proximal body implant with a proximal body sleeve/straight distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with the assembly tool of FIG. 37; and

[0131] FIG. 71 is a flow chart of a method of using the assembly tool of the present invention according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0132] FIG. 72 is a flow chart of another method of using the assembly tool of the present invention according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;

[0133] FIG. 73 is a plan view of a proximal body implant/arcuate distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with an assembly tool according to yet another embodiment of the present invention showing an assembly tool with a lever mechanism;

[0134] FIG. 73A is a partial plan view partially in cross section of FIG. 73 showing the actuation members in greater detail;

[0135] FIG. 73B is a top view of FIG. 73 showing an alignment feature in greater detail;

[0136] FIG. 73C is a partial plan view partially in cross section of FIG. 73 showing the attachment to the distal stem of the prosthesis in greater detail;

[0137] FIG. 74 is a plan view of a proximal body implant/arcuate distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with an assembly tool according to yet another embodiment of the present invention showing an assembly tool internally and externally threaded components;

[0138] FIG. 74A is a partial plan view partially in cross section of FIG. 74 showing the cooperation of the actuation members in greater detail;

[0139] FIG. 74B is a top view of FIG. 74 showing an alignment feature in greater detail;

[0140] FIG. 75 is a plan view of a proximal body implant/arcuate distal stem implant assembly in cooperation with an assembly tool according to yet another embodiment of the present invention showing an assembly tool with a spiral engagement mechanism;

[0141] FIG. 75A is a partial plan view partially in cross section of FIG. 75 showing the actuation members in greater detail;

[0142] FIG. 75B is a top view of FIG. 75 showing an alignment feature in greater detail;

[0143] FIG. 76 is a perspective view of an assembly tool with alignment feature with low friction actuation according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0144] FIG. 77 is an exploded plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0145] FIG. 78 is a plan view partially in cross-section of the instrument housing of the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0146] FIG. 79 is a plan view of the shaft subassembly of the assembly tool of FIG. 76 including implant connector and the draw thread subassembly which are connected by the coupling;

[0147] FIG. 80 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 79 through the line 80-80 in the direction of the arrows;

[0148] FIG. 81 is an exploded plan view of the shaft subassembly of FIG. 79;

[0149] FIG. 82 is a plan view of the implant connector of the shaft subassembly of FIG. 79;

[0150] FIG. 83 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 82 through the line 83-83 in the direction of the arrows;

[0151] FIG. 84 is a plan view of the coupling of the shaft subassembly of FIG. 79;

[0152] FIG. 85 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 84 through the line 85-85 in the direction of the arrows;

[0153] FIG. 86 is a plan view of the draw thread subassembly of the shaft subassembly of FIG. 79;

[0154] FIG. 87 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 86 through the line 87-87 in the direction of the arrows;

[0155] FIG. 88 is a plan view of the hex drive of the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0156] FIG. 89 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 88 through the line 89-89 in the direction of the arrows;

[0157] FIG. 90 is a plan view of the screw on adaptor of the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0158] FIG. 91 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 90 through the line 91-91 in the direction of the arrows;

[0159] FIG. 92 is a plan view of the handle post of the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0160] FIG. 93 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 92 through the line 93-93 in the direction of the arrows;

[0161] FIG. 94 is a plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0162] FIG. 95 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 94 through the line 95-95 in the direction of the arrows;

[0163] FIG. 96 is an exploded plan view of a modular hip stem that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0164] FIG. 97 is a partial plan view of the modular hip stem of FIG. 96;

[0165] FIG. 98 is a plan view of the modular hip stem of FIG. 96;

[0166] FIG. 99 is an end view of the modular hip stem of FIG. 96 implanted in a femur;

[0167] FIG. 100 is a plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 76 in position on the modular hip stem of FIG. 96;

[0168] FIG. 100A is a partial plan view, partially in cross section of FIG. 100 showing the truncated threads in greater detail;

[0169] FIG. 101 is a flow chart of a method of using the assembly tool of the present invention according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0170] FIG. 102 is a plan view of a first adaptor for use with the assembly tool of FIG. 76 assembled onto the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0171] FIG. 103 is a plan view of the first adaptor of FIG. 102;

[0172] FIG. 104 is a plan view of a second adaptor for use with the assembly tool of FIG. 76 assembled onto the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0173] FIG. 105 is a plan view of the second adaptor of FIG. 104;

[0174] FIG. 106 is a plan view of a third adaptor for use with the assembly tool of FIG. 76 assembled onto the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0175] FIG. 107 is a plan view of the third adaptor of FIG. 106;

[0176] FIG. 108 is a plan view of the assembly tool of FIG. 76;

[0177] FIG. 109 is a plan view, partially in cross section, of a two piece assembly tool with alignment feature with low friction actuation according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0178] FIG. 110 is a plan view, partially in cross section, of an assembly tool with alignment feature with low friction actuation and length adjustment according to another embodiment of the present invention; and

[0179] FIG. 111 is a plan view, partially in cross section, of an assembly tool with alignment feature with low friction actuation, rotation/translation capabilities, and length adjustment actuation according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0180] Embodiments of the present invention and the advantages thereof are best understood by referring to the following descriptions and drawings, wherein like numerals are used for like and corresponding parts of the drawings.

[0181] According to the present invention and referring now to FIG. 1, assembly tool 1 according to the present invention is shown. The assembly tool 1 is used for assembly of a first component 2 of a prosthesis 4 to a second component 6 of the prosthesis 4 for use in joint arthroplasty. The tool 1 includes a first member 8 operably associated with the second component 6. The first member 8 defines a first member longitudinal axis 10 of the first member 8. The tool 1 also includes a second member 12 operably associated with the second component 6. The second member 12 defines a second member longitudinal axis 14 of the second member 12. The second member 12 is adapted to provide relative motion of the second member 12 with respect to the first member 8 when the second member 12 is rotated relative to the first member 8 about the second member longitudinal axis 14.

[0182] The assembly tool 1 is suited for use with the prosthesis 4 when, for example, the prosthesis 4 includes the first component 2 and the second component 6 which are engaged and disengaged by relative motions along an axis. For example, the assembly tool 1 is suitable when the prosthesis 4 includes components, which are connected by a tapered connection. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the first component 2 includes an internal taper 16 that mates with an external taper 18 located on the second component 6.

[0183] As shown in FIG. 1, the first component 2 is engaged with the second component 6 when the first component 2 moves in the direction of arrow 20 and/or when the second component 6 moves in the direction of arrow 22. As shown in FIG. 1, the first member 8 is operably associated with the first component 2 while the second member 12 is operably associated with the second component 6. To provide for the operable association of the components, it should be appreciated that the first member 8 includes a first member operating feature 24 which is operably associated with a first component operating feature 26 of the first component 2. Similarly, the second member includes a second member operating feature 28 which cooperates with a second component operating feature 30 of the second component 6.

[0184] For simplicity, since the first member 8 and the first component 2 are merely required to prevent motion of the two components toward each other, the first member 8 and the first component 2 may be designed such that the first member operating feature 24 may be in the form of a bottom and/or surface. Similarly, the first component operating feature 26 may be in the form of a top surface of the first component 2.

[0185] The second member operating feature 28 and the second component operating feature 30 may be any features capable of urging the second component 6 upwardly in the direction of arrow 22. For example, for simplicity, the second member operating feature 28 may be in the form of internal threads formed on the second component operating feature 26, which may mate with external threads 30 formed on the second component 6.

[0186] The first member 8 and the second member 12 may have any shape or configuration capable of providing relative motion along first member longitudinal axis 10 and second member longitudinal axis 14. For example, and as shown in FIG. 1, the first member 8 may be in the form of a hollow component or tube. Similarly, the second member 12 may be in the form of a rod or cylinder, which may slideably fit within the first member 8. As shown in FIG. 1, the first member 8 may include a longitudinal opening 32.

[0187] In order to move the second component 6 into engagement with the first component 2, it should be appreciated that the second member 12 must move in the direction of arrow 34 with respect to the first member 8. In order to provide relative motion between the second member 12 and the first member 8, as shown in FIG. 1, the second member 12 may include a rod portion 36 having a cylindrical periphery 38 thereof. The first member 8 may, as shown in FIG. 1, include a cylindrical tubular portion 40 that defines the opening 32 therein. The rod periphery 38 of the second member 12 defines an outside diameter OD which is matingly fitted with dimension ID of the opening 32 of the tubular portion 40.

[0188] As shown in FIG. 1, the relative motion of the first member 8 with respect to the second member 12 may be controlled by, for example, a relative motion feature 42. As shown in FIG. 1, the relative motion feature 42 may be in the form of a threaded connection. The threaded connection 42 may, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, include a first member relative motion feature 44 in the form, of for, example internal threads. The internal threads 44 are formed on internal periphery 46 of the tubular portion 40 of the first member 8.

[0189] The relative motion feature 42 may also include a second member relative motion feature 48. Second member relative motion feature 48 may be in the form of, for example, external threads formed on rod portion 36 of the second member 12. The threads 44 and 48 cooperate to provide the relative motion of the second member 12 in the direction of arrow 34 with respect to the first member 8. The threads 44 and 48 are matingly engaged and have a pitch selected to provide for the desired mechanical advantage.

[0190] Preferably and as shown in FIG. 1, the amount of relative motion of the first member 8 with respect to the second member 12 is limited. Such a limited relative motion of the first member 8 with respect to the second member 12 correspondingly limits the motion of the first component with respect to the second component 6 thus preventing over-tightening of the prosthesis 4. The motion of the first member 8 with respect to the second member 12 may be accomplished in any suitable fashion. For example, the external threads 48 may have a thread length LE which is slightly greater than the thread length LI of the internal threads 44 of the first member 8. Thus, the motion in the direction of arrows 34 and 38 of the component 12 with respect to component 8 is limited by the difference of the thread lengths LE and LI. It should be appreciated that the threads 44 and 46 may only limit the motion of the members 8 and 12 if the major diameters of the threads 44 and 48 provide interference with the first member 8 or the second member 12. It should be appreciated that stops (not shown) may be utilized to limit the relative motion of the first member 8 with respect to the second member 12. A cap 52 and a collar 54, both secured to first meter 8 and both shown in phantom, may be utilized to limit the relative motion of the first member 8 with respect to the second member 12.

[0191] 1 It should be appreciated that in order to move the second member 12 in the direction of arrow 34 with respect to the first member 8, the second member 12 must be rotated in the direction of arrow 56 with respect to first member 8. This motion assembles the components 2 and 6. Similarly, it should be appreciated that in order for the second member 12 to move in the direction of arrow 39 with respect to the first member 8, the second member 12 must be rotated in the direction of arrow 60 with respect to the first member 8. This motion disassembles the components 2 and 6.

[0192] To provide the sufficient torque or mechanical advantage for rotating the second member 12 in the direction of arrow 56 and 60, it should be appreciated that the second member 12 may include a second member handle 62 extending outwardly from the rod portion 36 of the second member 12. Similarly, it should be appreciated that to resist the force applied by the second member handle 62, the first member 8 may similarly include a first member handle 64 extending outwardly from the tubular portion 40 of the first member 8. The handles 62 and 64 may have any suitable size and shape capable of receiving for example the hands of the surgeon or operator of the assembly tool 1.

[0193] It should be appreciated that the assembly tool 1 may likewise be utilized to disassemble the first component 2 from the second component 6. It should be appreciated that the assembly tool 1 may be adapted for use for the disassembly of the first component 2 from the second component 6. It should be appreciated that one of the first member 8 and the second member 12 may be associated with one of the first component 2 and the second component 6 such that as the first member 8 is moved relative to the second member 12, the first component 2 may be disassembled from the second component 6. To accomplish this, one of the first member 8 and the second member 12 is operably associated with the first component 2 while the other of the first member 8 and the second member 12 is operably associated with the second component 6.

[0194] For example, and as shown in FIG. 1, the second member 12 may be operably associated with the second component 6 by, for example, utilizing the second member cooperating feature 28 in the form of internal threads to cooperate with the second component operating feature 30 in the form of external threads. The first member 8 is similarly operably associated with the first component 2.

[0195] In order that the second component 6 may be forced to move in the direction of arrow 63 while the first component 2 is required to move in the direction of arrow 65, the first component 2 must be restrained by the first member 8. The first component 2 is held against the first member 8 by, for example, a third member 66.

[0196] The third member 66 cooperates with the first member 8 and the first component 2 to hold the two components against each other. The third member 66 may cooperate with the first member 8 and the first component 2 in any suitable fashion. For example, the first member 8 may include a first member disassembly operating feature 68 which cooperates with the third member 66. Similarly, the first component 2 may include a first component disassembly operating feature 70 which cooperates with the third member 66.

[0197] The third member 66 may have any suitable design or shape and may, for example, be in the form of first fork 72 and second fork 74. The forks 72 and 74 may be urged together by, for example, springs 76. The first fork 72 may include a first tine 78 which engages with the first member disassembly operating feature 68 in the form of, for example, a first member groove. Similarly, the first fork 72 may include a second tine 80 for cooperation with the first component operating disassembly feature 70 in the form of, for example, a second component groove. The second fork 74 may include a first tine 82 for cooperation with the first member groove 68 as well as a second tine 84 for engagement with the second groove 70.

[0198] When utilizing the assembly tool 1 to assemble the first component 2 to the second component 6 the third member 66 is not used. The assembly tool 1 is positioned with respect to the prosthesis 4 such that the internal threads 28 of the second member 12 engage the external threads 30 of the second component 6. The internal threads 28 and the external threads 30 are threaded into engagement with each other and the second member 12 is rotated with respect to the second component 6 until the bottom end surface 24 of the first member 8 is in contact with the top surface 26 of the first component 2. At this point, the second member handle 62 is rotated in the direction of arrow 56 until the second member handle has come to the stop created by the relative motion feature 42.

[0199] When utilizing the assembly tool 1 to disassemble the first component 2 from the second component 6 the third member 66 is utilized and placed in position on the assembly tool 1. The forks 72 and 74 of the third member 66 are placed in position in the first member grooves 68 and the first component grooves 70. The top surface 26 of the first component 2 is thus in contact with the bottom end surface 24 of the first member 8. The second component 6 is then threadably engaged into the second member 12. The second member handle 62 is then rotated in the direction of arrow 60 until the relative motion feature 42 ends the movement of the second member handle 62 thereby disassembling the first component 2 from the second component 6.

[0200] Referring now to FIG. 2, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as assembly tool 100. The assembly tool 100 is utilized for assembling the first component 2 of the prosthesis 4 to the second component 6 of the prosthesis 4. The prosthesis 4 may be used, for example, in joint arthroplasty. The tool 100 is similar to the tool 1 of FIG. 1 and includes a first member 108 operably associated with the first component 2. The first member 108 defines a first member longitudinal axis 110 thereof. The assembly tool 100 further includes a second member 112 which is operably associated with the second component 6. The second member 112 defines a second member longitudinal axis 114 thereof. The second member 112 is similar to second member 2 of the assembly tool 1 of FIG. 1. The second member 112 is adapted to provide relative motion of the second member 112 with respect to the first member 108 when the second member 112 is rotated relative to the first member 108 about the second member longitudinal axis 114.

[0201] The assembly tool 100 may be configured such that the relative motion of the second member 112 with respect to the first member 108 corresponds to the relative motion of the first component 2 with respect to the second component 6 to urge the second component 6 into engagement with the first component 2.

[0202] Referring now to FIG. 3, the engagement of the assembly tool 100 with the prosthesis 4 is shown in greater detail. As shown in FIG. 3, the second component 6 includes a second component operating feature in the form of external threads 30. The external threads 30 are matingly fitted to, for example, internal threads 128 formed on second member 112. The first component 2 includes an operating feature in the form of, for example, a top surface 26 which mates with bottom surface 124 of the first member 108 of the tool 100.

[0203] Since the first member 108 is in contact with the first component 2 as the first component moves in the direction of arrow 122 relative to the first component 2, the second member 112, which threadably secured to the second component 6 moves in the direction of arrow 134 relative to the first member 108. Thus, the relative motion of the second member 112 with respect to the first member 108 in the direction of arrow 134 corresponds to the relative motion of the second component 6 with respect to the first component 2 in the direction of arrow 122.

[0204] Referring now to FIG. 4, the prosthesis 4 is shown in greater detail. The prosthesis 4 as shown in FIG. 4 includes a taper connection 17. As shown in FIG. 4, the taper connection consists of the external taper 18 formed on the distal stem 6 that engages with internal taper 16 formed on the first component in the form of the proximal body 2.

[0205] It should be appreciated that the prosthesis for use with the assembly tool 1 or 100 of FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, may include a proximal body 2 and a distal stem 6 which have an interference connection that is, for example, a interference connection of a cylindrical bore to a cylindrical stem, as well as, a splined non-uniform cross-section stem to a splined or non-uniform cross-section opening. It should further be appreciated that proximal body and distal stem of the prosthesis 4 for use with the assembly tool of the present invention may include a taper connection in which the distal stem has an internal taper and the proximal body has an external taper.

[0206] Again referring to FIG. 4, the prosthesis 4 as shown may include external threads 30 formed on the distal stem 6. The proximal body 2 may include a neck 19 to which a head 21 may matingly be fitted. As an additional precaution in assuring that the proximal body 2 remains secured to the distal stem 6, the prosthesis 4 may further include a nut 23 which threadably engages the external threads 30 of the distal stem 6.

[0207] Referring now to FIG. 5, the prosthesis 4 is shown with the proximal body 2 disassembled from the distal stem 6. The external taper 18 of the distal stem 6 is defined by an included angle β1. In order that the proximal body 2 fits securely to the distal stem 6, the proximal body 2 includes the internal taper 16 defined by included angle β2. The angles β1 and β2 may be generally the same. Alternatively the taper angle may be divergent. The angles β1 and β2 should be chosen, such that the fit of the proximal body 2 to the distal stem 6 is secure.

[0208] Referring now to FIG. 6, an alternate prosthesis for use with the assembly device of the present invention is shown as prosthesis 204. Prosthesis 204 includes a proximal body 202 which does not include a counter bore. Prosthesis 204 may include a nut 223 which mates with outer face 226 that is not recessed. The nut 223 threadably engages distal stem 206.

[0209] Referring now to FIG. 7, an alternate embodiment of a prosthesis that may be utilized with the assembly tool 1 and 100 of FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, is shown as prosthesis 304. The prosthesis 304 includes a proximal body 302 similar to the proximal body 2 of the prosthesis 4 of FIG. 4. The prosthesis 304 also includes a distal stem 306 that is different than the distal stem 6 of the prosthesis 4 of FIG. 4. The distal stem 306 is bent and has a proximal portion 307 having a longitudinal centerline 309 and a distal portion having a longitudinal centerline 313. The centerlines 309 and 313 form angle β there between. The distal stem 306 may further include an elongated slot 329 extending axially from the end of the stem 306.

[0210] Referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, another embodiment of a prosthesis for use with the assembly tool of the present invention is shown as prosthesis 404. Prosthesis 404 is similar to the prosthesis 304 of FIG. 7. Prosthesis 404 includes a proximal body 402 which is connected to a distal stem 406. The proximal body 402 includes a neck 419 to which a head 421 may be positioned. The prosthesis 404 may further include a nut 423 to assist in connecting the proximal body 402 to the distal stem 406. The prosthesis 404 may further include an external sleeve 427 which is fitted to the proximal body 402 by means of an internal taper 429 which mates with an external taper 431 on the proximal body 402. The stem 406 may be bent in a continuous arc.

[0211] Referring now to FIG. 10, the assembly tool 100 is shown in position on the prosthesis 4. The first member 108 is in contact with the first component 2 and the second member 112 is threadably engaged to the second component 6. The assembly tool 100 is utilized to move the second component 6 in the direction of arrow 111 with respect to the first component 2. This relative motion is accomplished by moving the second member 112 in the direction of arrow 134 in relation to the first member 108.

[0212] The relative motion of the first member 108 with respect to the second member 112 may be accomplished by, for example, a relative motion feature 142. The relative motion feature 142 may include a first member relative location feature 144 in the form of slot 144 within which a second member relative motion feature 148 in the form of, for example, a pin is rollably restrained with the slot 144. The relative motion feature 142 is utilized to move the second member 112 about the second member longitudinal axis 114 with respect to the first member 108.

[0213] Referring now to FIGS. 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, the relative motion feature 142 is shown in greater detail.

[0214] As shown in FIG. 16, the slot 144 extends from first centerline 151 to second centerline 153. The centerlines 151 and 153 represent the arcuate end portions of the slot 144 defined with a radius R′ equal to the slot width SW divided by two. The slot 144 is defined by a first assembly load surface 155 and an opposed second disassembly load surface 157. The load surfaces 155 and 157 are parallel to each other and spaced apart a distance equal to SW or the slot width SW.

[0215] A slot length angle 0 defines the arcuate difference from first member centerline 110 along slot radius R of the first member 108 between the first centerline 151 and the second centerline 153. The angle θ preferably selected to provide for the proper displacement of the assembly tool 100. The proper displacement of the assembly tool 100 may be predetermined by calculating the desired locking force on the joint of the prosthesis 2.

[0216] Referring to FIG. 12, the assembly load surface 155 is inclined relative to a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 110 of the first member 108 at a ramp angle of α. The angle α, as well as, the radius R (see FIG. 16) affect the displacement of the assembly tool 100.

[0217] The dimensions of the relative motion feature 142 may be properly selected by using the formula below:
DI=(θ/360)×π×2R ×Tan α
Where:

• [0218] θ=the angular arm displacement in radians
• [0219] R=the slot 144 radius from centerline 110 in inches
• [0220] DI=the displacement in inches.
• [0221] α=the ramp angle in degrees.

[0222] Referring now to FIG. 17, the assembly tool 100 may include a second pin 149 opposed to the first pin 148 which matingly fits within a second slot 145 opposed to the first slot 144. First and second pins 148 and 149 are preferably diametrically opposed and the first slot 144 and the second slot 145 are likewise preferably diametrically opposed. The second pin 149 and the second slot 145 serve to balance the forces and loads upon the assembly tool 100.

[0223] Referring again to FIG. 11, the assembly tool 100 may include an actuating arm 162 similar to arm 62 of tool 1 of FIG. 1 and a restraining arm 164 similar to arm 64 of tool 1 of FIG. 1. The actuating arm 162 and the restraining arm 164 may be, for example, modular. The arm 162, for example, may include an arm connecting base 159 and an arm extension 161 removably connectable to the arm connecting base 159.

[0224] Referring now to FIG. 18, the arm connecting base 159 is shown in greater detail. The arm connecting base 159 includes a base 163 including a bayonet-type groove 165. A stem 167 may extend from the base 163.

[0225] 1 Referring now to FIG. 19, the arm extension 161 is shown in greater detail. The arm extension 161 may include a pair of pins 169 extending toward the opening 171 in the arm extension 161. The opening 171 receives the base 163 and the stem 167 of the arm connecting base 159 (see FIG. 18).

[0226] Referring again to FIG. 17, the construction of the pins 148 and 149 are shown in greater detail. To provide for rolling contact of the pins 148 and 149 against the slots 144 and 145, respectively, the pins 148 and 149 are preferably rotatably mounted on pin stems 173. The pin stems 173 may be threadably connected to the second member 112. It should be appreciated that the pins 148 and 149 may be mounted to the pin stems 173 by means of needle bearings (not shown).

[0227] Referring now to FIG. 20, the prosthesis 4 is shown in engagement with the assembly tool 100. Surface 124 of the first member 108 of the assembly tool 100 is placed against top face 26 of the proximal body 2 of the prosthesis 4. The internal threads 128 of the second member 112 of the assembly tool 100 is threadably engaged with external threads 30 of the stem 6 of the prosthesis 4. After the prosthesis 4 has been assembled utilizing the assembly tool 100, nut 23 shown in phantom is secured to the external threads of the stem 6.

[0228] Referring now to FIGS. 21 and 22, the prosthesis 404 is shown in connection with the assembly tool 100. Outer surface 124 of the first member 108 of the assembly tool 100 is placed against top surface 426 of the proximal body 402 of the prosthesis 404. The internal threads 128 of the second member 108 of the assembly tool 100 is threadably engaged with external threads 430 of the distal stem 406. After the prosthesis 404 has been assembled with the assembly tool 100, nut 423 shown in phantom is positioned on the external threads 430 of the distal stem 406.

[0229] Referring again to FIG. 13, the assembly tool 100 is shown in greater detail. While the first member 108 and the second member 112 may be made of a one-piece or unitary construction, it should be appreciated that the first member 108 and the second member 112 may be made of multiple components or may be modular. For example, and referring to FIG. 13, the first member 108 may include a sleeve portion 140, having a lower sleeve 186 as well as an upper sleeve 188.

[0230] The lower sleeve 186 may be connected to the upper sleeve 188 in any suitable manner, for example, by welding, by press fit, or as shown in FIG. 13, by being threadably connected. The first member 108 may also include a third component in the form of the first member handle 164. The first member handle 164 may be removably connected to the upper sleeve 188 by, for example, a bayonet connection such as that described in FIGS. 18 and 19 herein.

[0231] Similarly, the second member 112 may be made of a modular or multi-piece construction. For example, the second member 112 may include a rod portion 136 removably connected to a cap 152. The rod portion 136 may be secured to the cap 152 in any suitable fashion. For example, the cap 152 may be welded to the rod portion 136, or be press fitted thereto. Alternatively, and as shown in FIG. 13, the rod portion 136 may be threadably connected to the cap 152 by means of a screw 190 threadably secured to the rod portion 136 and trapping the cap 152 there between. As shown in FIG. 13, the cap 152 and the rod portion 136 cooperate to form a spool 192 there between. The spool 192 includes a first retaining portion 194 extending from the rod portion 136 and a spaced-apart and parallel second restraining portion 196. A central portion 198 is positioned between the first restraining portion 194 and the second restraining portion 196.

[0232] Continuing to refer to FIG. 13, the second member 112 of the assembly tool 100 further includes a ring 185 rotatably positioned about the central portion 198 of the rod portion 136. The pin 148 is retainably connected to the ring 185. The handle 162 is fixedly secured to the ring 185 by, for example, a press fit or fitted connection similar to the connection of FIGS. 18 and 19.

[0233] Referring now to FIGS. 23, 24, and 25, assembly tool 500 is shown for use in disassembling the prosthesis 4. The assembly tool 500 is similar to the assembly tool 100 and in fact includes all the components of the assembly tool 100 plus a third member 566 for use in disassembling the prosthesis 4. The assembly tool 500 thus includes a first member 508 identical to the first member 108 as well as a second member 512 identical to the second member 112 of the assembly tool 100 (see FIG. 13).

[0234] The assembly tool 500 includes an actuating arm 562 identical to the actuating arm 162 of the tool assembly 100. The assembly tool 500 further includes a restraining arm 561 identical to the restraining arm 162 of assembly tool 100, except that the arm extension 161 of the restraining arm 162 is moved from first arm stem 564 to second arm stem 563. The assembly tool 500 includes a slot 544 identical to the slot 144 of the assembly tool 100. Pin 548, identical to pin 148 of the assembly tool 100, slideably fits within the slot 548.

[0235] Referring now to FIG. 25, the third member 566 is shown in greater detail. The third member 566 includes a collar 576 which is slideably fitted over the first member shoulder 568. First arm 572 and second arm 574 are pivotally mounted to the collar 576 by pivot pins 579. The arms 572 and 574 are urged in the direction of arrows 577 by springs 578 positioned between the arms 572 and 574 and the collar 576. Screws 582 are threadably secured to the arms 572 and 574 to limit the movement of the upper portion of the arms 572 and 574 toward the first member 508. First location pin 580 and second location pin 584 are positioned on the first arm 572 and the second arm 574, respectively, for engagement with holes 70 in the proximal body 2 of the prosthesis 4.

[0236] When disassembling the prosthesis for utilizing the assembly tool 500, the location pins 580 and 582 are engaged in the holes 70 of the proximal body 2 of the prosthesis 4. Internal threads 528 of the second member 508 are then threadably engaged into the external threads 30 of the distal stem 6 of the prosthesis 4. The second member 512 is then continually tightened until the second member 512 is finger tight to the distal stem 6. The pins 580 and 584 are moved from the proximal body 2 by first moving the arms 572 and 574 in the direction of arrows 581 by means of the operator's fingers. When in position the arms 572 and 574 are released so that the pins 580 and 584 may be properly engaged in the holes 70 of the proximal body 2 of the prosthesis 4.

[0237] Referring now to FIG. 26, the collar 576 of the third member 566 is shown in position on the first member 508. The third member 566 is assembled to the first member 508 by moving the third member 566 in the direction of arrow 575.

[0238] Referring now to FIG. 27, the assembly tool 500 is shown for use with the prosthesis 4 to disassemble the proximal body 2 from the distal stem 6. The pins 580 and 584 of the arms 572 and 574 of the third member 566 are engaged in holes 70 of the proximal body 2 of the prosthesis 4. The internal threads 528 of the second member 512 are threadably engaged with the external threads 30 of the distal stem 6. The second member 512 is then moved downwardly in the direction of arrow 583, thereby separating the distal stem 6 from the proximal body 2.

[0239] Referring now to FIG. 28, the assembly tool 500 is shown in engagement with the prosthesis 404 to remove the distal stem 406 of the prosthesis 404 from the proximal body 402. The pins 580 and 584 of the arms 572 and 574 of the third member 566 are engaged in holes 470 of the proximal body 402 of the prosthesis 404. The internal threads 528 of the second member 512 are threadably engaged with the external threads 430 of the distal stem 406 of the prosthesis 404. The second member 512 is then moved in the direction of arrow 583 with respect to the proximal body 402 of the prosthesis 404 thereby separating the distal stem 406 from the proximal body 402 of the stem 404.

[0240] Referring now to FIG. 29, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as assembly tool 600. Assembly tool 600 is similar to assembly tool 100 or assembly tool 500 of FIG. 2 and FIG. 24, respectively, except that articulating arm 662 of the assembly tool 600 is different than the articulating arm 562 of the assembly tool 500 in that the articulating arm 662 includes a torque wrench 689 extending from the arm stem 663. The torque wrench 689 serves to provide a reading of the torque applied by the assembly tool 600. It should be appreciated that the torque wrench 689 may be of a type for recording or reading the applied torque or may be a torque wrench which has a break away or clicking torque at a particular value. Such a torque limiting wrench may provide for an accurate torque to be applied by the assembly tool 600. It should be appreciated that a thrust washer or other force transducer may be positioned in the first member or the second member to monitor the force asserted by the assembly tool.

[0241] Referring again to FIG. 10, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as kit 700. Kit 700 includes the assembly tool 100 as well as the prosthesis 4. The assembly tool 100 and the prosthesis 4 form a kit. The kit may be provided with the prosthesis 4 assembled or with the prosthesis 4 disassembled including both the proximal body 2 and the distal stem 6.

[0242] Assembly tools 1, 100 and 500 as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 24 respectively, may be made of any suitable material and may, for example, be made of a metal. If made of metal, preferably the assembly tool is made of a sterilizable material. The assembly tools 100 and 500 may be made of components of, for example, cobalt chromium alloy, stainless steel alloy, or a titanium alloy. Articulating surfaces of the assembly tool may be surface hardened by processes such as flame hardening.

[0243] Referring now to FIG. 30, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as surgical method 800. The method 800 includes a first step 802 of providing a prosthesis including a first component and a second component removably attached to the first component. The surgical procedure 800 also includes a second step 804 of providing an instrument having a first member and a second member rotatably movable with respect to the first member in a plane perpendicular with the first member, the first member cooperable with the second component and the second member cooperable with the second component.

[0244] The method 800 may further include a third step 806 of assembling the first component to the second component and a fourth step 808 of connecting the first member of the tool to the first component. The method 800 may further include a fifth step 810 of connecting the second member of the tool to the second component and a sixth step 812 of rotating the first member of the tool with respect to the second member of the tool to secure the second component to the first component.

[0245] According to the present invention and referring now to FIG. 31, assembly tool 900 is shown for assembly of a first component 814 of a prosthesis 816 to the second component 818 of the prosthesis 816 The prosthesis 816 is for use in joint arthroplasty. According to the present invention, the tool 900 includes a first member 902 operably associated with the first component 814 and a second member 904 operably associated with the second component 818.

[0246] As shown in FIG. 31, the first member 902 and the second member 904 are adapted to provide for the assembly of first component 814 of the prosthesis 816 to the second component 818 of the prosthesis 816. The second member 904 is operably associated to the second member 902 to provide relative motion between the first member 902 and the second member 904 for assembly of the first component 814 to the second component 818.

[0247] As shown in FIG. 31, the assembly tool 900 further includes an angular orientor 906 that cooperates with the first member 902 or the second member 904 for either replicating or measuring the relative angular orientation of the first component 814 with respect to the second component 818.

[0248] Referring now to FIG. 32, articulating reamer 820 is shown for preparing a cavity 822 in a long bone 824. The cavity 822 provides for a position in the long bone 824 for the insertion of, for example, prosthesis 816 of FIG. 31. Articulating reamer 820 is particularly well suited for use in revision surgeries. In revision surgeries, the distal stem is placed more distally than a primary prosthesis so that the distal stem may engage undisturbed bone that has not previously supported a prosthesis.

[0249] The long bone 824, in particularly the femur for use in supporting the distal stem of a hip prosthesis is typically curved or arcuate. The long bone 824 thus may have an arch or radius of curvature R defined by for example, a radius of curvature R. The position of the arch or curvature of long bone 824 is a reasonable indicator of the anatomy of the patient. Thus the position of the curvature of the long bone 824 may be a relative indicator of the proper position of, for example the natural femoral head with respect of the position of the curvature of a long bone 824. The position of the curvature of the long bone 824 may thus provide an indication of the proper alignment of the first component 814 to the second component 818 of the prosthesis 816 of FIG. 31.

[0250] Referring again to FIG. 32, articulating reamer 820 includes a distal portion 826 that articulates with respect to the first or shaft portion 828 of the reamer 820 about pivot point 830. A counter bone reamer 832 may slideably fit over shaft portion 828 of the articulating reamer 820 for reaming the proximal portion of the long bone 824 for receiving the prosthesis 816. The articulating reamer 820 may include a connector 834 positioned on the proximal portion 828 of the articulating reamer 820. The articulating reamer 820 and the counter bore reamer 832 combine to form reamer assembly 812 and are well suited for use of long bones 824, which are arcuate. A more complete description of use of articulating and counter bore reamers and their use with orthopaedic trials and implants for hip revision surgeries can be more understood by reference to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/606,304 filed Jun. 25, 2003 entitled “NON-LINEAR REAMER FOR BONE PREPARATION AND ASSOCIATED METHOD” incorporated in its entirety by reference.

[0251] Referring now to FIG. 33, a modular body trial 836 is shown in position on the articulating reamer 820. The modular body trial 836 and the articulating reamer 820 may be used in revision hip arthroplasty with the prosthesis 816 and the alignment tool 900 of the present invention as shown in FIG. 31.

[0252] Referring again to FIG.33, articulating reamer 820 remains in the medullary canal of the long bone 824 after the reaming operation has been complete. The proximal body trial 836 is thus assembled into the articulating reamer 820 while the reamer 820 is still in the canal of the long bone to form trial reamer assembly 837. This permits the trialing of the prosthesis without the use of a modular trial and avoids the inaccuracy as well as the time involved in such an additional step of removing the articulating reamer and inserting the distal end of the proximal body trial.

[0253] While the articulating reamer 820 is in location in the long bone, the proximal body trial 836 may be rotated in the direction of arrows 838 along longitudinal axis 840 to properly position proximal trial body 836 in the patient. For example, nut 842 may be loosened and the proximal body trial 836 may be rotated in the direction of arrows 838 with teeth 834 being used to control by finite angular movements of, the trial 836. For example if 24 teeth are positioned on the trial 836 each tooth represents 15 degrees of movement. When the proximal body trial is in the proper orientation, the nut 842 may be hand tightened to secure the trial 836 into position.

[0254] Referring now to FIG. 34, once the proximal body trial 836 is in the proper position in the body, an alignment tool 846 may be utilized to measure the preferred angular orientation of the proximal body trial 836 to the articulating reamer 820. The alignment tool 846 is shown in greater detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/327,196 entitled “ALIGNMENT DEVICE FOR MODULAR IMPLANTS AND METHODS” incorporated here in its entirety by reference.

[0255] Referring now to FIG. 35, the proximal body trial 836 is shown assembled with an arcuate distal trial assembly 848 to form the trial assembly 850. The assembly 850 may be utilized instead of the body trial articulating reamer assembly 837 of FIG. 33. The trial assembly 850 may be used in addition to the proximal body trial articulating reamer assembly 837 as an additional step to verify the appropriateness of the trial and corresponding prosthesis for the patient.

[0256] Referring now to FIG. 36, the assembly 850 is shown with the alignment tool 846 in position on the proximal body trial 836. The alignment tool 846 may be utilized to properly orient the proper body trial with respect to arcuate distal stem trial 848 or be used to record the relative position of the proximal body trial 836 to the arcuate distal stem trial 848.

[0257] Referring now to FIG. 37, the alignment tool 846 is shown in position on trial assembly 852. Trial implant assembly 852 includes proximal body trial 836 as well as arcuate distal stem implant or second component 818. The alignment tool 846 is used to angularly orient proximal body trial 836 to arcuate distal stem 818 in a position similar to that of the trial assembly 850 or the proximal body trial arcuate reamer assembly 837 (see FIG. 36 and 33, respectively). The arcuate distal stem trial 848 or the articulating reamer 820 may be removed from the canal of the long bone and the arcuate distal stem implant 818 inserted in the long bone. The proximal body trial 836 is positioned with respect to the arcuate distal stem implant 818 by use of the alignment tool 846 utilizing in the measurements or settings obtained from trial assembly 850 or the reamer trial assembly 837.

[0258] Referring now to FIG. 38, the assembly tool with alignment feature 900 of the present invention is shown in position on implant assembly or prosthesis 816.

[0259] Alignment information may be obtained from alignment tool 846 positioned on trial implant assembly 852 of FIG. 37, from trial assembly 850 of FIG. 33 or from the proximal trial body articulating reamer assembly 837 of FIG. 33. The alignment information may be used to determine the proper angular orientation of the arcuate distal stem implant with respect to the proximal body implant 814 to provide for a properly assembled implant assembly 816.

[0260] Referring now to FIG. 39, the assembly tool 900 is shown in greater detail. The assembly tool 900 may, as shown in FIG. 39, be configured such that the first member 902 defines first member longitudinal 908. Similarly, the second member 904 may define a second member longitudinal axis 910. The second member 904 may be adapted to provide relative motion of the second member 904 with respect to the first member 902 when the second member 904 is rotated relative to the first member 902 about the second member longitudinal axis 910.

[0261] The relative motion of the second member 904 with respect to the first member 902 may be utilized to affect the relative motion of the proximal body 814 or the first component with respect to the distal stem or second component 818 to urge the distal stem 818 into engagement with the proximal body 814.

[0262] The assembly tool 900 may be adapted as shown in FIG. 39 to provide for the first member 902 including a first member relative motion feature 914. For example, the first member relative motion feature may be in the form of threads 914 formed on first member 902. Similarly, the second member 904 may include a second member relative motion feature 916. The second member relative motion feature 916 may be in the form of, for example, threads formed on second member 904. The first member relative motion feature 914 and the second member relative motion feature 916 cooperate with each other to provide the relative motion of the first member 902 with respect to the second member 904.

[0263] As shown in FIG. 39, the first member relative motion feature 914 or the second member relative motion feature 916 may include, as discussed above, threads. As shown in FIG. 39, the first member 902 may include a body 918 defining a generally cylindrical opening 920 in the body 918. The second member 904 of assembly tool 900 may further include a portion 922 of the second member 904, which is matingly fitted to transverse within the cylindrical longitudinal opening 920 of the first member 902. The portion 922 may be in the form of, for example, a translating member.

[0264] As shown in FIG. 39, the assembly tool 900 may further include a cooperating member 924 for cooperating with the second component or distal stem 818. The cooperating member 924 cooperates with the angular orientation feature 906 to replicate and/or measure the angular orientation of the first component 814 with respect to the second component or distal stem 818. The cooperating member 924 may have any suitable size and shape and may for example, be in the form of a cylindrical rod extending longitudinally through assembly tool 900. The cooperating member 924 may include the second member relative motion feature or tang 912.

[0265] As shown in FIG. 39, the assembly tool 900 may be configured such that the first component or proximal body 814 of the implant assembly 816 includes an internal taper 854. Similarly, the distal stem or second component 818 of the implant assembly 816 may include an external taper 856. The second component 818 may further an external thread 858 extending from the external taper 856. The second member 904 may include an internal thread 926 for making an engagement with external threads 858 of the second component 818.

[0266] As shown in FIG. 39, the assembly tool 900 may be configured such as the first member longitudinal axis 908 and the second member longitudinal axis 910 are coincident.

[0267] While the angular orientation feature 906 of the assembly tool 900 may have any suitable size, shape, and configuration, the angular orientation feature 906 may for example, include first orientor 928 connected to the first member 902. The first orientor 928 cooperates with the first component or proximal body 814 of the implant assembly 816. The first component 814 includes a first timing feature 860. The first orientor 928 is operably associated with the first timing feature 860. For example, and is shown in FIG. 39 the first orientor may include a pair of pins 930, which mate with openings 862 located on the first component 814.

[0268] The angular orientation feature 906 may further include a second orientor in the form of, for example tang 912. The tang 912 is operably associated with the second member 904 for cooperation with the distal stem or second component 818 of the implant assembly 816. The second component 818 includes a second timing feature 864 in the form of, for example, a slot. The second orientor or tang 912 is operably associated with the second timing feature 864, for example, the slot.

[0269] Referring now to FIG. 40, the assembly tool 900 may further include a device for preventing or controlling over-tighting or securing of the first component 814 to the second component 818 of the implant assembly 816.

[0270] The assembly tool 900 may include a displacement measuring device 930 or a force measuring device 932, or both. The displacement measuring device 930 may be utilized for measuring the displacement of the first component 814 relative to the second component 818. Similarly, the force measuring device 932 may be utilized for the measuring of the force related to the relative motion of the first component 814 with respect to the second component 818.

[0271] The displacement measuring device 930 may be for example, in the form of indicia 930 including a first mark 934 on for example, first member 902 and a second mark 936 moveable with, for example, second component 818. The distance between the first mark 934 and the second mark 936 may be representative of the displacement of the first component 814 with respect to the second component 818.

[0272] Force measuring device 932 may be in the form of, for example thrust washer 932. It should be appreciated that additional force measuring devices in the form of for example, a strain gage or similar devices may be utilized. Alternatively, the force measuring device 932 may be in the form of, for example, torque wrench 938. The torque wrench 938 may be a hand or power tool. The torque wrench 938 may include a feature (not shown) to limit torque such as a clutch or power tool control.

[0273] Referring now to FIG. 41, the assembly tool 900 may be configured such that the first member 902 and or the second 904 include a handle 942 extending outwardly from the first member 902 or the second member 904. For example, and as is shown in FIG. 41, the handle 942 extends outwardly from handle stem 940, which extends outwardly from first member 902 of the assembly tool 900. The handle 942 is utilized to assist in holding and stabilizing the assembly tool 900 and to provide resistance to the assembly tool 900 as it is utilized to remove or join the implant assembly 816.

[0274] Referring now to FIGS. 42 and 45, the assembly tool 900 may be configured such that the first member 902 defines a central cavity 920 in the first member 902. Further the assembly tool 900 may be configured such that first member 902 also includes a translating member or translating portion 922 cooperable with the first member 902. The translating member 922 may be fitted at least partially in the central cavity or opening 920. The translating member 922 may define a translating member longitudinal axis 944. The translating member 922 may be adapted as shown in FIG. 42, to translate along the translating member longitudinal axis 944 when the second member 904 is rotated.

[0275] Referring now to FIGS. 46 and 47, the first orientor 928 of the angular orientation feature 906 is shown in greater detail. While the first orientor 928 may have any suitable shape or configuration capable of orienting first component 814, the first orientor 928 for example, may include a pair of spaced apart arms 946, which rotate about pivot pins 948. Engagement pins 930 are matingly fitted into the openings 862 formed in the proximal body 814 of the implant assembly 816. The first orientor 928, as shown in FIG. 47, is thus pivotally connected to the first member 902. The pins 948, shown in FIG. 47, are connected to first orientor body 950.

[0276] Referring now to FIG. 48, the body 950 of the first orientor 928 is slideably fitted to body 918 of the assembly tool 900. The ability of the first orientor 928 to slideably and pivotally be movable to respect to the assembly tool 900 permits the pins 930 to engage the proximal body 814 of the implant 816 in many different positions permitting a variety of proximal body configurations to be compatible with assembly tool 900.

[0277] While the first member 902 and the second member 904 may each have an integral or one-piece construction, it should be appreciated the first member 902 and the second member 904 may be made of two or more components. For example and referring now to FIG. 48, the assembly tool 900 may include a modular first member 902 and a modular or multi-piece second member 904.

[0278] For example and is shown in FIG. 48, the first member 902 may include the body 918. Body cap 952 may be for example, threadably secured to proximal end 954 of the body 918 of the first member 902.

[0279] As shown in FIG. 48, a turnbuckle 956 is threadably secured to the body 918 and an orientation sleeve 958 is threadably secured to the turn buckle 956. The orientor housing 950 slideably fits over the orientation sleeve 958 and axially extending key 960 positioned between the orientor housing 950 and the orientation sleeve 958 serves to prohibit rotation of the orientor housing 950 about the orientation sleeve 958. The turn buckle 956 permits the first member 902 to be adjustable along the first member longitudinal axis 908.

[0280] The first member 902 may first include inner spool 962. The inner spool 962 is oriented angularly with the body 918 and the remaining portion of first member 902. The inner spool 962 is connected to the body 918 by being slideably connected and angularly oriented by means of keyway 964 to translating member 922. The translating member 922 is angularly connected to the body 918 by means of tabs 966 extending from the translating member 922, which slideably cooperate with recesses 968 formed in body 918 of the first member 902. (See FIG. 58)

[0281] Continuing to refer to FIG. 48, the second member 904 may also be modular or be made of more than one component. For example and is shown in FIG. 48, the second member 904 includes a nut 970. The nut 970 may include external flats 972 (see FIG. 43) and may for example, and is shown in FIG. 43 include six flats 972 or be hexagonal. A drive shaft 974 may be operably connected to 970.

[0282] For example and referring again to FIG. 43, the drive shaft 974 may include flats 976, which cooperate with the drive nut 970. A pin 978 may be utilized to secure the drive shaft 974 to the nut 970.

[0283] Referring again to FIG. 44, the second member 904 further includes the translating member 922. The translating member 922 is slideably positioned within the opening 920 formed in the body 918 of the first member 902. The translating member 922 is threadably connected to the drive shaft 974 of the second member 904.

[0284] For example and is shown FIG. 44, the translating member 922 include internal threads 914, which matingly engage with external threads 916 formed on the drive shaft 974. As the drive shaft 974 rotates with the nut 970 of the second member 904, the translating member 922 translates along second member longitudinal axis 910. Tabs 966 formed on translating member 922 cooperate with recesses 968 formed on the body 918 of the first member 902 (see FIG. 58).

[0285] Referring again to FIG. 45, the second member 904 further includes a translator adaptor 980, which may secured to the translating member 922 by any suitable means. For example and is shown in FIG. 45, the translator adaptor 980 is secured to the translating member 922 by means of a threaded engagement.

[0286] The second member 904 further includes a thumb wheel sleeve 982 which, as shown in FIG. 45, may be pivotally secured to the adaptor 980 by bearings 984. A proximal body adaptor stem 986 may be secured to thumb wheel sleeve 972 by any suitable method. For example and is shown in FIG. 45, the proximal body adaptor stem 986 may be threadably secured to the thumb wheel sleeve 982.

[0287] The drive shaft 974 of the second member 904 may be rotatably secured to the housing 918 of the first member 902 by means of second bearings 988 sandwiching the drive shaft 974 between body cap 952 and body 918 of the first member 902.

[0288] Referring now to FIG. 49, the angular orientation feature of the assembly tool 900 further includes indicia 990 on the first member 902 or the second member 904. For example and is shown in FIG. 49, indicia 990 may include spool indicia 992 formed on inner spool 962 of the first member 902. The spool indicia 992 may include marks 944 extending from first member longitudinal axis 908. Spool indicia 992 may further include letters or numerals 996 adjacent radial marks 994 formed on the inner spool 962. The indicia 990 as shown in FIG. 49 may further include a radial mark 998 formed on central alignment stem 999.

[0289] Referring now to FIG. 50, the assembly 900 may be configured as is shown in FIG. 50 with the second member 904 further including a rotatable member, for example thumb wheel sleeve 982. The thumb wheel sleeve 982 defines a thumb wheel longitudinal axis 983 of the thumb wheel sleeve 982. The wheel sleeve 982 is cooperable with the translating member 922. The rotatable member or wheel sleeve 982 is adapted to translate along the rotatable longitudinal axis 983 with the translating member 922 when the translating member 922 translates along the translating member longitudinal axis 923. The rotatable member 982 is adapted to be manually rotated about the rotatable member longitudinal axis 983 to advance the proximal body adaptor stem 986 in the direction of arrow 925.

[0290] Referring now to FIG. 39-51, the assembly tool 900 is shown in use with the implant assembly 916. The assembly tool 900 may, as shown FIG. 39-51, include numerous components which are assembled together. The assembly tool 900 may be made of any suitable, durable material or materials. For example, the assembly tool 900 may be made of a durable plastic, a metal, or a composite material.

[0291] Preferably the assembly tool 900 is designed to be sterilizable by commercially available sterilization techniques, for example, by auto-claving. The assembly tool 900 may be made a variation of metals. The assembly tool 900 may for example, by made of a metal, such as a cobalt chromium alloy, a stainless steel alloy, or a titanium alloy. The assembly tool 900 may use for assembly and disassembly 916. It should be appreciated that the assembly tool 900 may be used to secure and release proximal body 814 from the distal stem 818 of the implant assembly 816.

[0292] Alignment tool 846 (see FIG. 34) may be utilized to measure or set the angle orientation of the first component 814 with respect to the second component 818. Alternatively, a measurement may be made with, for example, the alignrment tool 846 of FIG. 34, to determine the angular orientation preferred from example, trialing of the trial assembly 850 of FIG. 35 or the proximal body trial and articulating reamers assembly 837 of FIG. 34 to determine the appropriate angular orientation of the first component 814 to second component 818. The angular orientation desired may be measured by utilizing the alignment tool 848 of FIG. 36 and the assembly tool 900 may be utilized to set or align the angular orientation of the component 814 to the second component 818.

[0293] The assembly tool 900 is assembled onto the prosthesis 816 by advancing the assembly 900 along the second member longitudinal axis 908 of the assembly 900. As shown in FIG. 40, 46, and 47 the angular orientation feature 906 is adjustable to assist the assembly tool into engagement with the first component 814 of the implant 816.

[0294] For example and is shown in FIG. 46 and 47, the first orientor 928 of the angular orientation feature 906 includes a spring 903, which is used to move the arms 904 to second position or assembly position 905 as is shown in phantom. In the assembly position 905, the pins 930 are extending apart sufficiently to permit the pins 930 to clear sidewalls 863 of the proximal body 814 of the prosthesis 816. After the first orientor 928 passes along the sidewalls 863 of the proximal body 814. The proximal body adaptor stem 986 of the second member 904 engages the second component or distal stem 818 (see FIG. 48).

[0295] Referring again to FIG. 39, internal threads 926 located on end 907 of the proximal body adaptor stem 986 are next threadably engaged with external threads 858 located on the distal stem 818 of the implant 816. The internal threads 926 are engaged with the external threads 858 by rotating the proximal body adaptor stem 986 by using for example, thumb and index fmger to rotate the thumb wheel sleeve 982.

[0296] Referring to FIG. 40, the thumbs wheel sleeve 982 may be reached for rotation by placing one's thumb and index fmger against the thumb wheel sleeve 982 through first window 911 and second window 913 formed in the body 918 of the first member 902 of the assembly tool 900.

[0297] Referring again to FIG. 39, the proximal body adaptor stem 986 is rotated until the internal threads 926 of the proximal body adaptor stem 986 are in complete engagement with the external threads 858 on the distal stem 818. At this point the assembly tool 900 is advanced downward in the direction of the arrow 919 along the first member longitudinal axis 908 until the lower end 915 of orientor cap 917 of the orientor housing 950 contacts the proximal face 861 of the proximal body 814 of the prosthesis 816.

[0298] Once the assembly 900 is seated against the proximal face 861 of the proximal body 814 and now referring FIGS. 46 and 47 thumb screw 921 is threadably secured to the orientor housing 950 of the first orientor 928. The thumb screw 921 is rotated to advance thumb screw stem 923 against the arms 946 of the first orientor 928. As the stem 923 is advanced the arms 946 move from assembly position 905 as shown in phantom to the operating position 925 as shown in solid. Pins 930 are fitted within the openings 862 in the proximal body 814 of the implant assembly 816.

[0299] It should be appreciated that the orientor housing 950 may be slideably moved along the orientor sleeve 958 so that the pins 930 will engage in the openings 862. When the arms 946 of the first orientor 928 of the assembly tool 900 are in the operating position 925, the angular orientation of the proximal body 814 to the distal stem 818 may be verified.

[0300] For example and referring now to FIG. 49, the radial mark 998 on the central aligning stem 999 corresponds to the angular position of the distal stem 818 while the spool indicia 992 on the inner spool 962 of the first member 902 indicate the angular position of the proximal body 814 of the prosthesis 816. For example and is shown in FIG. 49, the radial mark 998 of the central alignment stem 999 shows that the alignment stem 999 or distal stem 818 are in position at a negative to 10 degree right position relative to the first member or proximal body 814.

[0301] Once the assembly tool 900 is properly positioned on the prosthesis as shown in FIG. 39-41 and is described heretofore, the torque wrench 938 is positioned on nut 970 and is rotated to secure the distal stem 818 into the proximal body 814.

[0302] Referring now to FIGS. 50, 50A, and 51, as the nut 970 is rotated, the drive shaft 974 which is secured to the nut 970 also rotates with the nut 970. As the drive shaft 970 rotates, the external threads 916 on the drive shaft 974 engage with internal threads 914 formed on the translating member 922. Since the translating member 922 includes tabs 966, which mate with the recesses 968 (see FIG. 50A), the translating member 922 may not rotate about axis 983. Thus, as the drive shaft 974 rotates, the translating member 922 translates downwardly into the direction of arrow 925.

[0303] The translating member 922 is fixably secured to the translating adaptor 980. The translating adaptor 980 is positioned between the thumb wheel sleeve 982 and the proximal body adaptor stem 986. Thus as the translator adaptor 980 moves downwardly in the direction of arrow 925, the thumb wheel sleeve 982 and the proximal body adaptor stem 986 likewise move downwardly in the direction of arrow 925.

[0304] Referring now to FIG. 48, since the proximal body adaptor sleeve 986 is threadably engaged to the distal stem 818, the distal stem 818 moves upwardly into the direction of arrow 931 as the nut 970 and drive shaft 974 are rotated.

[0305] As shown in FIG. 40, the torque wrench 938 is used to limit the force placed upon the nut 970 and correspondingly on the distal body adaptor stem 986, the torque wrench 938 eventually limits the force placed on the distal stem 818 of the prosthesis 816.

[0306] Referring now to FIG. 52, an unitary, fixed or straight reamer 1020 is shown for use to prepare the cavity 822 of the long bone 824 for insertion of the implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 31. The fixed reamer 1020 includes, as is shown in FIG. 52, a reamer cutting portion 1026 which engages bone in the cavity 822 of the long bone or femur 824. The fixed reamer 1020 also includes a reamer stem 1028 extending from the reamer cutting portion 1026. A reamer driver 1032 engages the reamer stem 1028 and is used for connection to a driving device 1034.

[0307] Referring now to FIG. 53, a proximal body trial fixed reamer assembly 1037 is shown. The assembly 1037 includes the proximal body trial 836 of FIG. 33 installed in position on the fixed reamer 1020 of FIG. 52 for use with an implant the may be assembled with the assembly tool of FIG. 31.

[0308] The angular orientation of the proximal body trial 836 may be varied around longitudinal axis 1040 in the directions of arrows 1038. A nut 842 may be loosened on the proximal body trial 836 and the teeth 844 on trial 836 may be used to indicate a finite angular motion about the longitudinal axis 1040. For example, if the trial 836 has 24 teeth on the proximal body trial 836, each tooth may represent a motion of for example, 15 degrees.

[0309] Once the proper alignment is determined by trialing of the proximal body 836 with regard to the straight or fixed reamer 1020, referring now to FIG. 54, the next step is performed. The alignment tool 846 of FIG. 34 may be positioned on the proximal body trial 836 of FIG. 33 to determine and record the proper alignment of the distal stem or fixed reamer 1020 with respect to the proximal body trial 836.

[0310] Referring now to FIG. 55, a trial assembly 1050 is shown for use with an implant that may be assembled with assembly tool of FIG. 31. The trial assembly 1050 may include a straight distal trial 1048 secured to the proximal body trial 836 of FIG. 33.

[0311] Referring now to FIG. 56, the trial assembly 1050 of FIG. 55 is shown with the alignment tool 846 of FIG. 34 positioned on the proximal body trial 836. It should be appreciated that the use of the proximal body 836 may be eliminated and the trialing may be made solely from reamers and distal implants.

[0312] Referring now to FIG. 57, a trial implant assembly 1052 is shown for use with an implant that may be assembled with the assembly tool of the present invention. For example and is shown in FIG. 57, the trial implant assembly 1052 includes a straight distal stem implant 1018 to which proximal body trial 836 of FIG. 33 may be assembled. The alignment tool 846 of FIG. 34 may be utilized to determine the angle orientation of the proximal body trial 836 with respect to the straight distal implant 1018.

[0313] Referring now to FIG. 58 implant assembly 1016 is shown for use with assembly tool with alignment feature 900 of FIG. 31. The implant assembly 1016 includes the straight distal stem implant 1018 of FIG. 57 secured to proximal body 814 of FIG. 38. The angular orientor 928 of the assembly tool 900 is secured to proximal body 814 of the implant assembly 1016. The torque wrench 938 is secured to nut 970.

[0314] Referring to FIG. 59, yet another trial reamer assembly is shown as trial assembly 1137. The trial reamer assembly 1137 of FIG. 59 includes the articulating reamer 820 of FIG. 32 to which, a proximal body trial 1136 is attached. The proximal body trial 1136 includes a neck portion 1139 including an external taper 1141 to which internal taper 1143 of a proximal sleeve trial 1135 is matingly fitted forming trial assembly 1137. The proximal sleeve trial 1135 is used to provide additional proximal support for the trial 1136. The angular orientation of the body portion 1139 of the assembly 1137 may be angularly adjusted along longitudinal axis 1140 by rotating the neck portion 1139 about longitudinal axis 1140 in direction of the arrows 1138. A nut 1142 may be rotated to loosen the teeth 1144 of the body portion 1138. As the teeth 1144 are allowed to disengage, one tooth spacing, the proximal body trial 1136 may rotate relative to the articulating reamer 840.

[0315] Referring now to FIG. 60, the proximal body trial articulating reamer assembly 1137 is shown with alignment tool 846 of FIG. 34 in position on proximal body trial 1136. Alignment tool 846 is utilized to measure the angular orientation of the proximal body trial 1146 with respect to the articulating reamer 820.

[0316] Referring now to FIGS. 61 and 62, the trial assembly 1160 is shown. The trial assembly 1150 include the arcuate distal trial 848 of FIG. 35 with the proximal body trail 1136 and proximal sleeve trial 1135 in position on the distal trial 848. It should be appreciated that the use of distal trial 848 may be avoided.

[0317] Referring now to FIG. 63, implant assembly 1152 is shown for use with an implant that may be tightened by the assembly tool of the present invention. The trial implant assembly 1152 includes the arcuate distal implant 818 of FIG. 37 with the proximal body trial 1136 and the proximal sleeve trial 1135 in position on the arcuate distal implant 818. The alignment tool 846 of FIG. 34 may be utilized to measure the angular orientation of the proximal body trial with respect to the arcuate distal implant 818.

[0318] Referring now to FIG. 64, the assembly alignment tool 900 of the present invention is shown in position on implant assembly 1116. The implant assembly 1116 includes the arcuate distal stem implant 818 of FIG. 37 to which proximal body implant 1114 is secured. A proximal body sleeve 1115 is positioned between the proximal body 1114 and the arcuate distal stem 818. The assembly/alignment tool 900 may be used to align and tighten as well as to disassemble the proximal body implant to the distal stem implant 818.

[0319] Referring now to FIG. 65, yet another proximal body trial reamer assembly is shown which may be utilized with an implant that may be tightened with an assembly alignment tool of the present invention. For example and is shown in FIG. 65, a proximal body trial/straight reamer assembly 1237 is shown. The assembly 1237 includes the straight reamer 1020 of FIG. 52 to which proximal body trial 1136 and proximal sleeve trial 1135 of FIG. 59 is secured. The proximal body trial 1136 may be rotated with respect to the straight reamer 1020 about longitudinal axis 1140 in the direction of arrows 1238.

[0320] Referring now to FIG. 66, the proximal body/trial straight reamer assembly 1237 of FIG. 65 is shown with alignment tool 846 of FIG. 34 in position on the proximal body trial 1136 of the trial straight reamer assembly 1237.

[0321] Referring now to FIG. 67, a trial implant assembly 1252 is shown for use with an implant assembly that may be assembled with the assembly alignment tool of the present invention. The trial implant assembly 1252 includes the straight distal implant 1118 of FIG. 57 to which proximal body trial 1136 of FIG. 59 is secured. Proximal sleeve 1135 of FIG. 59 is positioned between the straight distal implant 1118 and the proximal body trial 1136. Alignment tool 846 of FIG. 34 may be utilized to angular orient or to measure the angle of orientation of the proximal body trial 1136 to the straight distal implant 1118.

[0322] Referring now to FIG. 68, trial assembly 1250 is shown for use with an implant that may be assembled using the assembly and alignment tool of the present invention. The trial assembly 1250 includes the straight distal trial 1048 of FIG. 55 to which body trial 1136 of FIG. 59 is secure. Proximal sleeve trial 1135 of FIG. 59 may be positioned between the proximal body trial 1136 and the straight distal stem trial 1148.

[0323] Referring now to FIG. 69, alignment tool 846 of FIG. 34 is shown in position on trial assembly 1250 of FIG. 68. The trial assembly 1250 includes a proximal body trial 1136 to which the straight distal stem trial 1048 is positioned. It 'should be appreciated that the distal trial 1048 may be avoided.

[0324] Referring now to FIG. 70, implant assembly 1216 is shown for use in assembly/alignment tool 900 of FIG. 31.

[0325] The implant assembly includes the implant straight distal stem 1018 of FIG. 58 to which implant proximal body 1114 of FIG. 64 is attached. The implant proximal sleeve 1115 of FIG. 64 is positioned between the proximal body 1114 and the implant straight distal stem 1118.

[0326] Referring now to FIG. 71, a method 1300 for performing orthopaedic surgery is shown. The method includes a first step 1310 of providing a prosthesis including a first component and a second component removably attached to the first component. The method includes a second step 1312 of providing an instrument that has a first member operably associated with the first component. The first member includes a first member relative motion feature and a body defining a generally cylindrical longitudinal opening in the body.

[0327] The instrument also includes a second member operably associated with the second component. The second member is operably associated with the first member for relative motion between the first member and second member for assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component.

[0328] The instrument further includes an angular orientation feature cooperating with the first member and the second member for replicating and or measuring the relative angular orientation of the first component with respect to the second component.

[0329] The method 1300 further includes a third step 1314 of assembling the first component to the second component. The method 1300 further includes a fourth step 1316 of connecting the first member of the tool to the first component and a fifth step 1318 of connecting the second member of the tool to the second component. The method 1300 further includes a sixth step 1320 of rotating the first member of the tool with respect to the second member of the tool to secure the first component to the second component.

[0330] According to the present invention and referring now to FIG. 72, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as a method of performing orthopaedic surgery 1400. The method 1400 includes a first step 1410 of providing a trial prosthesis including a stem trial portion for implantation at least partially into the femoral canal of a femur and a neck trial portion extending from the stem portion. The method 1400 further includes a second step 1412 of positioning the stem trial portion in the femoral canal.

[0331] The method 1400 further includes a third step 1414 of positioning the neck trial portion relative to the stem trial portion and a fourth step 1416 of securing the neck trial portion to the stem trial portion. The method 1400 also includes a fifth step 1418 of trialing the trial prosthesis and a sixth step 1420 of attaching an instrument to the trial stem portion and a neck trial portion.

[0332] The method 1400 further includes a seventh step 1422 of measuring the relative position of the stem trial portion to the neck trial portion. The method 1400 further includes an eighth step 1424 of providing an implant prosthesis including a stem implant portion for implantation at least partially into the femoral canal of femur and a neck implant portion extending from the stem portion.

[0333] The method 1400 further includes a ninth step 1426 of providing an instrument to secure the stem implant portion to the neck implant portion while angularly orienting the stem implant portion to the neck implant portion.

[0334] Referring now to FIG. 73, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as assembly tool 1500. Assembly tool 1500 is used for assembling the first component, for example, proximal body 814 of prosthesis 816 to a second component for example, distal stem 818 of the prosthesis 816 for use in joint arthroplasty. The tool 1500 includes a first member 1502 in the form of, for example, a body having a cylindrical opening.

[0335] First member 1502 is operably associated with the proximal body 814 of the prosthesis 816. For example and is shown in FIG. 73A, a first orientor 1528 similar to the first orientor 928 of FIG. 48 of assembly tool 900 may be utilized to orient the proximal body 814 to the first member 1502 of the assembly tool 1500.

[0336] The assembly tool 1500 may further include a second member 1504. The second member 1504 is operably associated with the second component or distal stem 818. For example and is shown in FIG. 73, the second member 1504 is in the form of a tube or sleeve and is slideably fitted within the first member 1502. The second member 1504 may include internal threads 1526, which engage with external threads 858 of the distal stem 818. The first member 1502 and the second member 1504 are adapted to provide for the assembly of the proximal body 814 of the prosthesis 816 to the distal stem 818 of the prosthesis 816.

[0337] The second member 1504 is operably associated with the first member 1502 for relative motion between the first member 1502 and the second member 1504 for assembly of the first component or proximal body 814 to the distal stem or the second component 818.

[0338] The assembly tool 1500 further includes an angle orientation feature 1506. The angular orientation feature 1506 cooperates with the first member 1502 and the second member 1504 for replicating and/or measuring of the relative angular orientation of the proximal body 814 with respect to the distal stem 818.

[0339] Referring now to FIG. 73C, the assembly tool 1500 as shown in FIG. 73 includes a central rod or central alignment stem 1599 which is slideably fitted within the second member 1504. The central alignment stem 1599 includes a second orientor or tang 1512, which engages with slot 864 formed in the distal stem 818 of the prosthesis 816.

[0340] To align the proximal body 814 to the distal stem 818, the proximal body 814 is aligned with the first member 1502 through the first orientor 1528 while the distal stem 818 is angularly oriented with respect to the alignment stem 1599 by the tang or second orientor 1512.

[0341] Referring now to FIG. 73B, radial mark 1598 located on the central alignment stem 1599 is used with marks 1592 formed on second member 1504 to combine as indicia 1590 to provide a visual representation of the angular orientation between the distal stem 818 and the proximal body 814.

[0342] Referring again to FIG. 73, to provide the axial motion of the second member 1504 in the direction of arrow 1513, a lever mechanism 1515 is attached to the first member 1502 and to the second member 1504. For example and is shown in FIG. 73, the lever mechanism 1515 includes a first pivoting position 1517 pivotally positioning the lever mechanism 1515 with respect to first member 1502. The lever mechanism 1515 further includes a second pivoting position 1519 to connect the level mechanism 1515 to a link 1521. The link 1521 is pivotally connected to the second member 1504 at a third pivoting position 1523.

[0343] Continuing to refer to FIG. 73, as lever arm 1525 of leveling mechanism 1515 is rotated in the direction of arrow 1527, the link 1521 urges second member 1504 in the direction of arrow 1513 to engage the distal stem 818 to the proximal body 814.

[0344] Referring now to FIG. 74, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as assembly tool 1600. Assembly tool 1600 is used to assemble first component for example, proximal body 814 of prosthesis 816 to second component 818 for example, distal stem 818 of the prosthesis 816 for use in joint arthroplasty. The assembly tool 1600 includes a first member 1602. The first member 1602 is operably associated with the proximal body or first component 816.

[0345] For example and is shown in FIG. 74, the first member 1602 is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve. An angular orientation feature 1606 includes as shown in FIG. 74, a first orientor 1628. The first orientor 1628 is similar to the orientor 928 of FIGS. 31-50. The first orientor 1628 physically angularly locks the proximal body 814 to the first member 1602.

[0346] The assembly tool 1600 further includes a second member 1604 that is operably associated with the second component 816. For example and is shown in FIG. 74, the second member 1604 is in the form of a tube, which is slideably fitted within the first member or sleeve 1602. The second member 1604 includes internal threads 1626, which engage with external threads 858 located on the distal stem 818. The first member 1602 and the second member 1604 are adapted to provide for the assembly of the proximal body 814 to the distal stem 818. The second member 1604 is operably associated with the first member 1602 for relative motion within the first member 1602 and the second member 1604. For example and is shown in FIG. 74, the second member 1604 is slideably fitted within the first member 1602.

[0347] As earlier discussed, the assembly tool 1600 further includes the angular orientation feature 1606. The first member 1602 defines a first member longitudinal axis 1608 and the second member 1604 defines a second member longitudinal axis 1610. The second member 1604 is adapted to provide relative motion of the second member 1604 with respect to the first member 1602 when the second member 1604 is rotated relative to the first member 1602 about the second longitudinal axis 1610. The relative motion of the second member 1604 with respect to the first member 1602 is utilized to affect the relative motion of the proximal body 814 with respect to the distal stem 818 to urge distal stem 818 into the engagement of the proximal body 814.

[0348] For example and is shown in FIGS. 74 and 74A, the first member 1602 includes a first member relative motion feature in the form of, for example, internal threads 1614. The second member 1604 includes a second member relative motion feature in the form of, for example, external threads 1616. The internal threads 1614 and the external threads 1616 cooperate with each other to provide the relative motion of the second member 1604 with respect to the first member 1602.

[0349] For example and is shown in FIG. 74, as nut 1670 located on the end of second member 1604 is rotated, the second member 1604 is rotated relative to the first member 1602. Because of the internal threads 1614 and external threads 1614, the second member 1614 advances in the direction of arrow 1613.

[0350] As shown in FIGS. 74 and 74A, the internal threads 1614 on the first member 1602 extend a length L1, which is greater than the distance L2 that external threads 1616 of the second member 1604 extend. The difference between the length L2 and L1 represents L Δ or amount of motion along longitudinal axis 1608 that the second member 1604 may move relative to the first member 1602.

[0351] Continuing to refer to FIG. 74, the angular orientation feature 1606 includes first orientor 1628 as well as second orientor 1612. The first member 1602 defines a first member longitudinal axis 1608 while the second member 1604 defines second longitudinal axis 1610. The first member 1602 is rotatively secured to the proximal body or the first component 814 by the first orientor 1628. The second angular orientor or tang 1612 is rotatively keyed the second component or distal stem 818 by slot 864 in the distal stem 818. The relative angular position of the proximal body 814 with respect to the distal stem 818 about longitudinal axis 1608 corresponds to the angular orientation of the first angular orientor 1628 with respect to the second angular orientor or tang 1612.

[0352] Referring now to FIG. 75, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as assembly tool 1700. The assembly tool includes a first member 1702 in the form of a hollow cylindrical body. The assembly tool 1700 further includes a second member 1704 in the form of a hollow tube. The tube 1704 is rotatively fitted within the first member or body 1702. An orientation stem 1799 is slideably fitted within the second member or tube 1704.

[0353] A spiral cam mechanism 1713 is utilized to move the second member 1704 along longitudinal axis 1708 of assembly tool 1700. Spiral cam mechanism 1713 includes a spiral cam shaped opening 1715 formed in first member or body 1702. The opening 1715 exposes second member or tube 1704. A follower 1717 extends outwardly from the second member 1704 through cam shaped opening 1715 in first member 1702. The follower 1717 is attached to the actuator 1738 and is positioned in the opening 1715 for matingly engagement with the body 1702. As the actuator 1738 is rotated in the direction of arrows 1719 the second member 1704 is caused to rotate to advance the second member 1704 in the direction of arrows 1719 along the longitudinal axis 1708 of the assembly tool 1700.

[0354] Referring now to FIG. 75A, a first orientor actuator 1728 similar to the first orientor 928 of FIGS. 31-51 is secured to the first member 1702. A stem 1799 slideably fits within the second member or tube 1704 and includes a second orientor or tang 1716, which mates with slot 864 in the proximal body 814 of the prosthesis 816.

[0355] Referring now to FIG. 75, indicia 1790 utilized to orient the proximal body 814 to the distal stem of the prosthesis 816. The stem 1799 includes a radial mark 1798, which is aligned with body indicia 1792 located on first member or body 1702 of the assembly tool 1700. The body indicia 1792 and the radial mark 1798 are utilized to determine and establish the angular orientation of the proximal body 812 to the distal stem 818.

[0356] Referring again to FIG. 31, another embodiment of the present invention is shown as kit 1000. The kit 1000 includes an implant 816 as well as the assembly tool 900.

[0357] According to the present invention and referring now to FIG. 109, an assembly tool 1800 according to the present invention is shown. The assembly tool 1800 is utilized for assembling a first component 1802 of a prosthesis 1804 to a second component 1806 of the prosthesis 1804 for use in joint arthroplasty. The assembly tool 1800 includes a first member 1808 in contact with the first component 1802. The first member 1808 defines a first member longitudinal axis 1810. The tool 1800 further includes a second member 1812 connected to the second component 1806. The second member 1812 defines a second member longitudinal axis 1814. The first member longitudinal axis 1810 and the second member longitudinal axis 1814 are co-existent or are lying in the same axis.

[0358] The first member 1808 and the second member 1812 are adapted to provide for the assembly of the first component 1802 of the prosthesis 1804 to the second component 1806 of the prosthesis 1804. The second member 1812 is adapted to provide relative motion of the second member 1812 with respect to the first member 1808 when the second member 1812 is rotated relative to the first member 1808 about the second member longitudinal axis 1814 for assembly of the first component 1802 of the prosthesis 1804 to the second component 1806 of the prosthesis 1804.

[0359] The relative motion of the second member 1812 with respect to the first member 1808 urges the second component 1806 into engagement with the first component 1802.

[0360] The first member 1808 includes a first member relative motion feature 1816. The second member 1812 includes a second member relative motion feature 1818. The first member relative motion feature 1816 and the second member relative motion feature 1818 cooperate with each other to provide the relative motion of the first member 1808 with respect to the second member 1812. The first member relative motion feature 1816 and the second member relative motion feature 1818 are adapted to reduce friction between each other.

[0361] The relative motion features 1816 and 1818 may be any features capable of reducing the friction between the relative motion features 1816 and 1818. For example, the relative motion features may be in the form of threads where the adaptation for reducing friction is in the form of a coating. The coating may be in the form of polytetrafloraethylene or PTFE. Alternatively, the friction reducing feature may be in the form of a lubrication in the form of for example, a lubricant that is compatible with the human body and adaptable in surgical procedures. Such a lubricant is Stella® Lubricant.

[0362] Alternatively, the friction reduction feature for the relative motion features may be in the form of the nature of relative motion feature itself. For example, the relative motion features may be in the form of a ball screw where each of the members 1808 and 1812 may include concave helical threads with balls being placed between the helical concave threads.

[0363] The assembly tool 1800 of FIG. 109 includes the first member 1808 which has a body 1822 defining a generally longitudinal opening 1822 extending along first member longitudinal axis 1810. The second member 1812 includes a portion 1824 of the second member 1812 which is matingly fitted to traverse along the cylindrical longitudinal opening 1822 of the first member 1808.

[0364] The assembly tool 1800 of FIG. 109 is adapted for use with the first component 1802 that includes an internal taper 1828 and the second component that includes an external taper 1830. The second component 1806 also includes an external thread 1832 extending from the external taper 1830. The second member 1812 defines a truncated internal thread 1834 for mating engagement with the truncated internal thread 1834 of the second component 1806.

[0365] According to the present invention and referring now to FIG. 110, yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown as assembly tool 1900. The assembly tool 1900 of FIG. 110 is similar to the assembly tool 1800 of FIG. 109, except that the assembly 1900 of FIG. 110 includes a second member 1912 that is some what different from the second member 1812 of the assembly 1800 if FIG. 109.

[0366] For example and as shown in FIG. 110, the second member 1912 includes external threads 1916 which mate with internal threads 1918 formed on first member 1908. The first member 1908 defines a first member center line 1910 which is co-existent with a second member center line 1914.

[0367] The second member 1912 is modular member or has a two piece construction. For example and as shown in FIG. 110, the second member 1912 includes a shaft portion 1936.

[0368] Referring now to FIG. 111, yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown as assembly tool 2000. The assembly tool 2000 includes a first member 2008 which defines a central cavity 2024. A translating portion 2038 cooperates with the first member 2008 and is fitted at least partially in the central cavity 2024 of the first member 2008. The translating portion 2038 is adapted to translate but not rotate along second member longitudinal axis 2014 when second member 2012 is rotated. The translating portion 2038 may be able to translate but not rotate by providing a protrusion 2040 extending from the translation portion 2038 which mates with a groove 2042 formed in first member 2008. The translating portion 2038 is connected to rotating portion 2044 of the second member 2012. The rotating portion 2044 is threadably engaged to the first member 2008 and defines a pocket 2046 for receiving a portion of the translating portion 2038 such that the rotating portion 2044 advances the translating portion 2038 along longitudinal axis 2014 of the second member 2012.

[0369] According to the present invention and referring now to FIG. 100, yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown as assembly tool 2100. The assembly tool 2100 is used for assembling a prosthesis 2104. The prosthesis 2104 includes a first component 2102 for which the assembly tool 2100 is used to assemble the first component 2102 to the second component 2106 to form the prosthesis 2104. The prosthesis 2104 is used in joint arthroplasty.

[0370] As shown in FIG. 100, the prosthesis 2104 is in the form of a hip femoral stem assembly. The hip femoral stem assembly 2104 includes a second component 2106 in the form of a distal stem implant and a first component 2102 in the form of a proximal femoral stem component. The assembly tool 2110 includes a first member 2108 which is in contact with the first component 2102. The first member 2108 defines a first member longitudinal axis 2110.

[0371] It should be appreciated that the first member 2108 may have a unitary or one piece construction. However, to provide for proper sterilization by traditional sterilization methods such as by Autoclaving®, the first member 2108 may have a modular construction. The modular construction provides for easy assembly and disassembly. For example, a modular first member 2108 may, for example, have threads to mate with threaded portions of other components. For example, and as shown is FIG. 100, the first member 2108 includes a body 2122 from which handle 2120 is threadably connected. An end cap 2146 is also threadably connected to the body 2122. An adaptor 2148 may be removably connected by, for example, a circular helical spring 2150 to the end cap 2146.

[0372] The assembly tool 2100 further includes a second member 2112 which is in contact with second component 2106. The second component 2106 may, as is shown in FIG. 100, be in the form of a distal stem component which mates with the proximal body 2102 to form the prosthesis 2104. The second member 2112 defines a second member longitudinal axis 2114. The second member longitudinal axis 2114 and the first member longitudinal axis 2110 are, as is shown in FIG. 100, co-existent or co-linear.

[0373] As is shown in FIG. 100, the first member 2108 and the second member 2112 are adapted to provide for the assembly of the first component 2102 of the prosthesis 2104 to the second component 2106 of the prosthesis 2104. Further, the second member 2112 is adapted to provide relative motion of the second member 2112 with respect to the first member 2108 when the second member 2112 is rotated relative to the first member 2108 about the second member longitudinal axis 2114 for assembly of the first component 2102 of the prosthesis 2104 to the second component 2106. The relative motion of the second member 2112 with respect to the first member 2108 is utilized to affect the relative motion of the first component 2102 with respect to the second component 2106 toward the second component 2106 into engagement with the first component 2102.

[0374] To urge the first component 2102 into engagement with the second component 2106, the first member 2108 includes a first member relative motion feature 2116 and the second member 2112 includes a second member relative motion feature 2118. The first member relative motion feature 2116 and the second member relative motion feature 2118 cooperate with each other to provide the relative motion of the first member 2108 with respect to the second member 2112.

[0375] The first member relative motion feature 2116 and the second member relative motion feature 2118 may have any suitable configuration. The first member relative motion feature may as shown in FIG. 100, be in the form of internal threads. Similarly the second member relative motion feature 2118 may be in the form of external threads which mate with the internal threads 2116 of the first member.

[0376] According to the present invention, the first member relative motion feature or internal threads 2116 and the second member relative motion feature 2118 in the form of external thread are adapted to reduce friction between the internal threads 2116 and the external threads 2118. While the reduction of friction between the internal threads 2116 and the external threads 2118 may be accomplished in many ways, for example, by providing the threads in the form of helical grooves with balls positioned between the helical grooves to form a ball-screw threaded arrangement, or by providing coatings to the surfaces of the threads 2116 and 2118, or by coating the threads 2116 and 2118 with a lubricant, the applicants have found that, for example, the use of truncated threads is particularly well suited for the assembly tool 2100 of the present invention.

[0377] Referring now to FIG. 100A, the relative motion feature for the second member 2118 and the first member relative motion feature 2116 is shown in greater detail. The first member 2108 includes the body 2122 onto which internal threads 2116 are formed. The internal threads 2116 mate with external threads 2118 formed on shaft 2136 of the second member 2112. The external threads 2118 include crest 2150 and roots 2152 which, as shown in FIG. 100A, are truncated. Similarly, internal threads 2116 include crest 2154 and roots 2156 which, likewise, are truncated.

[0378] While any truncated thread may accomplish the reduced friction of the present invention, it should be appreciated that Acme threads are particularly well suited for the low friction relative motion of the present invention. It should be appreciated that coatings may be applied to the threads 2118 and 2116 in the form of, for example, a non-stick surface, for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Also, the surface finish or roughness of the external threads 2118 and the internal threads 2116 may be optimized to reduce the friction between the threads. Further, a lubricant, for example Stella® Lube, may be utilized to reduce the friction between the external threads 2118 and the internal threads 2116.

[0379] Referring again to FIG. 100, the first member 2108 and the second member 2112 may include a feature for providing mechanical advantage to assist in the relative motion of the first member 2108 with respect to the second member 2112. For example, the first member 2108 may include a handle 2120 extending outwardly from the first member 2108. While the handle 2120 may be an integral handle, preferably, to simplify manufacture and to assist in cleaning by autoclave or other sterilization techniques, the handle 2120 may be modular including a handle post 2158 which is threadably engaged with body 2122 of the first member 2108. A handle extension 2160 may be connected by, for example, a bayonet connection to the handle post 2158.

[0380] The assembly tool 2100 may include the first member 2108 which has a body 2122 which defines central longitudinal opening 2124 extending along longitudinal center line 2110 of the first member 2108. Further, the second member 2112 may include a portion 2126 of the second member 2112 that matingly fits with the first member 2108 to traverse along the cylindrical longitudinal opening 2122 of the first member 2108. As shown in FIG. 100, the central longitudinal opening 2122 in the first member 2108 includes the internal threads 2116 along which the external threads 2118 of the shaft 2136 of the second member 2112 traverse.

[0381] Referring still to FIG. 100, the assembly tool 2100 includes the first member 2108 which has the central longitudinal cavity or opening 2122 positioned in the body 2122 of the first member 2108. The second member 2112, as shown in FIG. 100, includes a translating portion 2137 as well as a rotating portion 2138. The rotating portion 2138 both rotates in the direction of arrows 2162 as well as translates along second member longitudinal axis 2114 in the direction of arrow 2164. The translating portion 2137 merely translates but does not rotate. The translating portion 2138 moves merely along arrow 2164. The value of having a rotating portion 2138 in the second member 2112 is that the translating portion 2138 is engaged with the second component 2106 to draw along longitudinal axis 2110 and 2114 of the first member and second member respectively such that external taper 2130 of the second component may optimally engage with internal taper 2128 of first component 2102.

[0382] While the second member 2112 may have a one piece construction, preferably, and as shown in FIG. 100, the second member 2112 has a modular construction such that components of the second member 2112 may be easily disassembled for cleaning or sterilization by common sterilization methods such as by Autoclaving®. For example and as shown in FIG. 100, the second member 2112 may include a rotating portion 2144 that represents separate components from translating portion 2138 of the second member 2112.

[0383] The rotating portion 2144 of the second member 2112 may in itself be modular. For example and as is shown in FIG. 100, the rotating portion 2144 may include a shaft 2136 for threadably engaging with the body 2122 of first member 2108. A nut 2162 may be threadably connected to the shaft 2136. A bearing 2164 may be connected to shaft 2136 and provide a transition from rotating portion 2144 to translating portion 2138.

[0384] Similarly, the translating portion 2138 of the second member 2112 may likewise be modular. The translating portion 2138 may include a bearing housing 2164 that provides rotating engagement with the bearing 2164 to provide the transition between rotation and translation of the rotating portion 2144 to pure translation of the translating portion 2138 of the second member 2112. A stem 2137 may be rigidly connected by, for example, a threaded connection to bearing housing 2164.

[0385] As shown in FIG. 100, an adaptor 2148 may include an end 2168 which engages with upper face 2170 of the first component or proximal body 2102. The stem 2137 of the translating portion 2138 of the second member 2112 includes internal threads 2172 which engage with external threads 2174 formed on distal stem or second component 2106 of the prosthesis 2104.

[0386] As shown in FIG. 100, as the stem 2137 is advanced in the direction of arrow 2174, the second component 2106 is advanced in the direction of arrow 2174 with respect to the first component 2102, thereby locking the external taper 2130 of the second component 2106 to the internal taper 2128 of the second component 2102.

[0387] Referring now to FIG. 76, the assembly tool 2100 is shown in a perspective view. To assist in providing fast initial connection of the assembly tool 2100 to the prosthesis 2104, the body 2122 of the first component 2108 may include a window 2176 formed in the body 2102. The window 2176 may provide access to the bearing housing 2166 so that the bearing housing 2166 may be rotated in the direction of arrow 2168 such that the threads 2172 on the stem 2137 may be threaded into the prosthesis 2104 to engage the assembly tool 2100 into the prosthesis 2104.

[0388] Referring now to FIG. 77, the assembly tool 2100 is shown in a partially disassembled or exploded condition. As shown in FIG. 77, it should be easily appreciated that the various components of the assembly tool 2100 may be individually placed in a sterilization equipment such that the assembly tool 2100 may be cleaned between its successive uses in surgeries.

[0389] Referring now to FIG. 78, the body 2122 of the assembly tool 2100 is shown in greater detail. The assembly tool 2100 is easily disassembled so that the body 2122 may be separately sterilized or autoclaved. The body 2122 includes the transverse window 2176 as well as the longitudinal opening 2124 to which the internal threads 2116 are formed adjacent upper end 2178 of the body 2122. Internal threads 2180 are positioned in the body 2122 adjacent the opening 2124 at lower end 2182 of the body 2122. The internal threads 2180 engage with the end cap 2146 to secure the end cap 2146 to the body 2122.

[0390] Referring now to FIGS. 79, 80 and 81, the second member 2112 is shown in greater detail. The second member 2112 includes the translating portion 2138 which includes the stem 2137 as well as the bearing.

[0391] Referring now to FIGS. 79-89, the second member 2114 including the translating portion 2137 and the rotating portion 2144 are shown in greater detail, as sub-assemblies, and as individual components. Referring now to FIG. 79, the second member 2114 is shown including translating portion 2137 and rotation portion 2144.

[0392] Referring now to FIG. 80, the translating portion 2137 and the rotating portion 2144 of the second member 2114 are shown in cross-section. The rotating portion 2144 includes the shaft 2136 onto which nut 2162 is threadably attached. The nut 2162 may further be secured to the shaft 2136 by a nut dowel 2178. The bearing 2146 may be threadably secured to the shaft 2136. The bearing 2164 may be further secured to the shaft 2136 by a bearing dowel 2182.

[0393] The bearing dowel 2182 lockably secures the bearing 2164 to the shaft 2136. The bearing 2164, as shown in FIG. 80, is positioned between the stem 2137 and the bearing housing 2166. The bearing housing 2166, as shown in FIG. 80, may be threadably engaged with the stem 2137 by external threads 2182 formed on the stem 2137 which engage with internal threads 2184 formed on the bearing housing 2166. To provide rotational movement of the rotating portion 2144 with respect to the translating portion 2137, the bearing 2164 includes opposed bearing races 2186 which mate with bearing races 2186 formed on the bearing housing 2166 and the stem 2137. Bearing balls 2188 cooperate with the bearing races 2186 to permit rotation of the rotating portion 2144 with respect to the translating portion 2137.

[0394] Referring now to FIG. 81, the second member 2112 is shown in an exploded view with the various components shown separated. It should be appreciated that the second member 2112 may be easily cleaned or sterilized by any commercially available sterilization techniques, such as autoclaving.

[0395] Referring now to FIGS. 82 and 83, the stem 2137 of the translating member 2138 that is a part of the second member 2112 is shown in greater detail. The translating member 2138 includes the bearing race 2186 to rotatably cooperate with the bearing 2164 of FIG. 80 and external threads 2182 to lockably threadably engage with bearing housing 2166 (see FIG. 80).

[0396] Referring now to FIGS. 84 and 85, the bearing housing 2166 is shown in greater detail. The bearing housing 2166 includes internal threads 2184 that threadably engage the bearing housing 2166 with the stem 2137 (see FIG. 80). The bearing housing 2166 further includes a clearance opening 2190 which provides clearance between the bearing housing 2166 and the shaft 2136 (see FIG. 80).

[0397] Referring now to FIGS. 86 and 87, the rotating portion 2144 of the second member 2112 is shown in greater detail. The rotating portion 2144 includes the shaft 2136 that is fixedly secured to bearing 2164 by external threads 2192 formed on the shaft 2136 that mate with internal threads 2194 formed on the bearing 2164. Bearing races 2186 formed in the bearing 2164 cooperate with balls 2188, (see FIG. 80), to permit rotation of the rotating member 2144 with respect to the translating portion 2137.

[0398] Referring now to FIGS. 88 and 89, the nut 2162 is shown in greater detail. The nut 2162 includes a cavity 2196 for receiving the shaft 2136. The nut 2162 may be threadably engaged with the shaft 2136 or, as an alternative to the threads. The nut 2162 may be connected to shaft 2136 by nut dowel 2178 which is fitted into transverse aperture 2198 formed in the nut 2162. The nut 2162 may include an external periphery 2199 sized for a standard hexagonal socket for a tool to rotate the assembly tool 2100.

[0399] Referring now to FIGS. 90 and 91, the end cap 2146 of the first member 2108 of the assembly tool 2100 is shown in greater detail. End cap 2146 includes external threads 2111 that engage with the internal threads 2182 of the body 2122 of FIG. 78. The end cap 2146, as shown in FIG. 91, may include an exterior groove 2113 for assisting in receiving the adaptor 2148 (see FIG. 100).

[0400] Referring now to FIGS. 92 and 93, the handle 2120 of the first member 2108 of the assembly tool 2100 is shown in greater detail. The handle 2120 includes handle extension 2159 as well as handle post 2158. The handle post 2158 may include external threads 2115 for cooperation with internal threads 2117 formed in body 2122 (see FIG. 78). The handle post 2158 may include a bayonet lock 2119 for cooperation with a mating bayonet lock 2121 formed in the handle extension 2159. The bayonet lock of 2119 serves to provide for easy sterilization of the assembly tool 2100.

[0401] Referring now to FIGS. 94 and 95, the assembly tool 2100 is shown in an assembled condition with the external parts exposed in FIG. 94 and in cross-section in FIG. 95.

[0402] Referring now to FIGS. 96, 97 and 98, the prosthesis 2104 is shown in position for use with the assembly tool 2100 of the present invention.

[0403] Referring now to FIG. 96, the prosthesis 2104 includes the first component 2102 in the form of a proximal body, including an internal cavity 2123 that defines the interior taper 2128 which mates with external taper 2130 formed on second component 2106 or distal stem 2106. The prosthesis 2104 may further include a recessed nut 2125 that may be used to assure the securement of the first component 2102 to the second component 2106.

[0404] Referring now to FIG. 97, an alternate embodiment of the prosthesis 2104 is shown as prosthesis 2104A which includes distal stem 2106A which is similar to the distal stem 2106 of FIG. 96 and a proximal body 2102A that is somewhat different from the proximal body 2102 of the prosthesis 2104 in that the proximal body 2102A of the prosthesis 2104A has a recess for receiving an external nut 2125A.

[0405] Referring now to FIG. 98, the proximal body 2102 is shown in position on the distal stem 2106 to form prosthesis 2104. As shown in FIG. 98, the internal taper 2128 of the proximal body 2102 engages with external taper 2130 of the distal stem 2106 to form the prosthesis 2104.

[0406] Referring now to FIG. 99, the prosthesis 2104 is shown installed in cavity 2131 formed in a long bone, for example, femur 2133.

[0407] Referring now to FIGS. 102 and 103, the assembly tool 2100 is shown with the adaptor 2148, shown in phantom, in position over stem 2137 of the assembly tool 2100. As shown in FIG. 102, the adaptor 2148 is slide-ably received over stem 2137 and a spring 2141 in the form of, for example, an internal doughnut shaped helical spring, is matingly fitted between internal groove 2113 formed in the end cap 2146 and internal groove 2143 formed in the adaptor 2148. Step end 2168 of the adaptor 2148 is fitted against end 2170 of the proximal body 2102 and the nut 2162 is rotated in the direction of arrow 2160 such that the stem 2137 is advanced in the direction of arrow 2161 to advance the distal stem 2106 into engagement with the proximal body 2102.

[0408] Internal threads 2172 formed in the stem 2137 are threadably engaged with external threads 2134 of the distal stem 2106 by manually rotating the bearing housing 2166 in the direction of arrow 2145 such that the step end 2168 of the adaptor 2148 is urged against end 2170 of the proximal body 2102. Such pre-tightening is done prior to the rotation in the direction of arrow 2160 of the nut 2162.

[0409] Referring now to FIG. 103, the first adaptor 2148 is shown in greater detail. The first adaptor 2148 includes a longitudinal opening 2147.

[0410] Referring now to FIGS. 104 and 105, it should be appreciated that to provide an assembly tool 2100 that is applicable for a variety of different sizes and shapes of modular prostheses, the assembly tool 2100 may include modular components that are easily changed such that a common assembly tool may cooperate with prostheses that are modular and have components of different size.

[0411] For example, and according to the present invention and referring to FIG. 104, the assembly tool 2100 may include a second adaptor 2148A that is different than the adaptor 2148 of FIG. 102 in that the adaptor 2148A has an overall length L3 which is shorter than the overall length L4 of the adaptor 2148. The shorter adaptor 2148A may cooperate with a second proximal body 2102A that has a height H3 which is less than the height H4 of the proximal body 2102.

[0412] As shown in FIG. 104, the adaptor 2148A slide-ably fits over stem 2137 and includes an internal groove 2143A that receives a doughnut shaped internal helical spring 2141A which mates with external groove 2113 of the end cap 2146 of the assembly tool 2100. The second adaptor 2148A is shown in phantom in FIG. 104. The second adaptor 2148A includes a step end 2168A which fits against end 2170A of second proximal body 2102A. The second proximal body 2102A may fit to, for example, distal stem 2106 or fit to a distal stem having a different size and shape. The stem 2106 is fitted to the second proximal body 2102A in a method similar to that described with FIG. 102.

[0413] Referring now to FIG. 105, the second adaptor 2148A is shown in greater detail. The second adaptor 2148A includes a longitudinal opening 2147A for clearance with stem 2137 of the assembly tool 2100.

[0414] Referring now to FIGS. 106 and 107, the assembly tool 2100 may be adapted for a third and different proximal body 2102B. The third proximal body 2102B may be utilized with the assembly tool 2100 by providing a third adaptor in the form of third adaptor 2148B. The third proximal body 2102B may cooperate with distal stem 2106 or utilize a distal stem with a different size and shape.

[0415] Referring now to FIG. 106, the third proximal body 2102B includes a step face 2170B which mates against step end 2168B of third adaptor 2148B. The internal threads 2172 of the stem 2137 of the assembly tool 2100 threadably engage external threads 2134 of the distal stem 2106. The distal stem 2106 is engaged to the proximal body 2102B in a similar manner to that described with FIG. 102. The proximal body 2102B includes a longitudinal opening 2145B which is in clearance with the longitudinal opening 2147B of the adaptor 2148B.

[0416] The third adaptor 2148B has a length L5 which is somewhere between the length L4 of the first adaptor 2148 and the length L3 of the second adaptor 2148A. Similarly, the third proximal body 2102B has a height H5 which is between the height H4 of the first proximal body 2102 and the height H3 of the second proximal body 2102A.

[0417] Referring now to FIG. 107, the third adaptor 2148B is shown in greater detail. The third adaptor 2148B includes an internal groove 2143B for receiving internal doughnut shaped helical spring 2141B. The internal doughnut shaped helical spring 2141B mates with external groove 2113 formed in end cap 2146 of the assembly tool 2100. The third adaptor 2148B may thus be quickly snapped into position by inserting the third adaptor 2148B upwardly along longitudinal axis 2110 of the first member 2112. The third adaptor 2148B includes a longitudinal aperture 2147B for clearance fitting with stem 2137.

[0418] Referring now to FIG. 108, the assembly tool 2100 is shown in the assembled condition.

[0419] Referring now to FIG. 101, yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown as the method of performing surgery 2200. The method 2200 includes a first step 2210 which includes the steps of providing a plurality of prostheses. Each prosthesis includes a first component and a second component removeably attached to the first component. At least one dimension of one of the first and second components of each prosthesis being different from that of the other prostheses.

[0420] The method 2200 includes a second step 2212 of providing an instrument having a first member operably associated with the first component. The first member includes a first member relative motion feature and a body defining a generally cylindrical longitudinal opening in the body. The instrument also includes a second member operably associated with the second component. The second member is operably associated with the first member for relative motion between the first and second member for assembly of the first component of the prosthesis to the second component of the prosthesis. The instrument includes a plurality of adaptors, each adaptor suited for one of the different prostheses.

[0421] The method 2200 further includes a third step 2214 of selecting of one of the plurality of prostheses and a fourth step 2216 of assembling the first component of the one prosthesis to second component of the one prosthesis. The method 2200 further includes a fifth step 2218 of assembling the adaptor suited for the one prosthesis from the plurality of adaptors onto the instrument. The method also includes a sixth step 2220 of connecting the first member of the tool to the first component.

[0422] The method further includes a seventh step 2222 of connecting the second member of the tool to the second component and an eighth step 2224 of rotating the first member of the tool with respect to the second member of the tool to secure the first component to the second component.

[0423] Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defmed by the appended claims.