Nucleus augmentation delivery device and technique

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention is directed to a device and method for determining the volume of intervertebral disc augmentation material needed to complete disc augmentation and the material's subsequent delivery. A second goal of this invention is to reduce leakage incurred when dispensing materials from a rigid cannula by improving the fit and fill of the annular wall defect.

[0003] 2. Related Art

[0004] Some techniques for nucleus pulposus injection of materials like the Sinux® silicone disc augmentation material, utilize an injection cannula of rigid outer diameter to insert into the annular wall defect. Determination of the excised nucleus pulposus tissue is currently attempted via weight and/or volumetric measurement of the tissue following removal. Corresponding amounts of nucleus replacement material are injected into the disc space. Leakage of the injected material is a known issue when excess nucleus pulposus replacement material is added, correspondingly inadequate replacement of the nucleus can allow for device expulsion or improper functional spinal unit balance. Therefore accurate determination of the removed nucleus pulposus volume remains to be a challenge. Another issue present is the potential leakage of the injected material that may arise from an inadequate fit between the rigid injection cannula and the varying size annular wall defect(s).

[0005] Several nucleus pulposus and annular repair patents have been applied and issued. US 2004/0068268 discloses cannulated distractors for maintaining disc height during replacement or augmentation of the spinal disc. US 2003/0220649 describes interior liners and membranes such as balloons for in situ formation of nucleus replacement or augmentation materials. Bao et al. (European Cells and Materials, Vol. 10 Suppl. 3, 2005, p. 3), disclose assessing the shape and volume of the nucleus cavity in total nucleus removal procedures using an imaging balloon filled with contrast medium and fluoroscopic balloon images taken from multiple directions. However, none have been found that teach annular sealing for volumetric determination of the evacuated disc space and/or subsequent delivery of the disc replacement or augmentation material as hereinafter disclosed.

[0006] FIGS. 1a-1f depict one embodiment of this invention using a cannula with a conformable tip.

[0007] FIGS. 2a-2b depict another embodiment of this invention using a cannula with an expandable tip.

[0008] FIGS. 3a-3b depict yet another embodiment of this invention using a cannula with an inflatable balloon tip.

[0009] FIGS. 4a-4f depict another embodiment of this invention using a cannula with an anti backflow check valve.

[0010] This invention is generally related to a method for repair of an intervertebral disc defect comprising the steps of:

[0011] a) inserting a cannulated delivery tube through the annular wall of the intervertebral disc;

[0012] b) sealing the tube with respect to the annular wall;

[0013] c) injecting through the tube, a known amount of volumetric material to determine the volume of the intervertebral defect to be repaired;

[0014] d) removing the volumetric material;

[0015] e) injecting a prosthetic repair material based on the amount of volumetric material injected;

[0016] f) removing the tube; and

[0017] g) closing the annular wall from where the tube was removed.

[0018] Another embodiment of this invention relates to a method for determining the volume of an intervertebral disc defect comprising the steps of:

[0019] a) inserting a cannulated delivery tube through the annular wall of the intervertebral disc;

[0020] b) sealing the tube with respect to the annular wall; and

[0021] c) injecting through the tube, a known amount of volumetric material to determine the volume of the intervertebral defect to be repaired.

[0022] Other embodiments of this invention relate to devices that are capable of sealing annular defects of intervertebral discs while being capable of delivery fluid in a substantially leak proof fashion. Thus in one embodiment, the invention relates to a device for volumetric determination of an intervertebral disc defect and/or for delivery of replacement or augmentation material into the intervertebral disc defect comprising:

[0023] a) a cannulated tube having a distal end and a proximal end;

[0024] b) an expandable tip located at the distal end of the tube for forming a seal between the tube and the annular wall of the intervertebral disc.

[0025] One advantage of this invention is its relatively easy determination of the volume of nucleus pulposus material removed as well as sealing of the annular wall defect to prevent intra-operative material leakage common when greater amounts than needed of nucleus pulposus material are injected to correct a disc defect.

[0026] Determination of the volume of nucleus pulposus material removed from the disc and prevention of leakage incurred during injection of nuclear replacement and/or augmentation materials are important aspects of intervertebral disc repair. Excessive injection and/or leakage of the replacement material(s) can initiate re-herniation or prompt herniation of the disc in another weakened annular location. Both of these failure modes can irritate neighboring tissues, including nerve roots, prompting additional pain and/or re-operation.

[0027] Insufficient nucleus pulposus injection can allow for continued disc height loss potentially leading to revision surgery.

[0028] The basic premise of this invention is that following a discectomy, a cannulated device is inserted into the surgically created annular wall defect. The annulus is sealed such that a known quantity of saline or other material can be injected and subsequently aspirated to determine volume of nucleus pulposus tissue removed. An equal volume of nucleus pulposus replacement material is injected or packed into the nucleus pulposus cavity through the device.

[0029] In making the volumetric determination of the defect to be repaired, a graduated syringe of known volume of volumetric material may be placed in to the cannulated device and injected into the intervertebral defect space, for example. Pressure can be applied to the material and monitored to insure full fill of small defects. A check valve with known pressure release can be utilized to ensure filling to a known pressure.

[0030] Suitable volumetric materials can be viscous and non-viscous including saline, gels, polymers, etc. Volumetric materials can be radio-opaque contrast agents, allowing fluoroscopic viewing during injection into the disc to a known pressure.

[0031] Examples of annular sealing techniques include: a conformable injection tip; an activated injection tip, and a balloon catheter injection tip. An optional embodiment of an internal valve to prevent backflow of either the saline or the nucleus pulposus replacement material is also disclosed. All sealing devices and methods maybe deployed extra-annularly, intra and/or inter-annularly (i.e., with respect to the annulus).

[0032] FIGS. 1a-1f, describe an injection cannula 10 with a conformable tip such as a soft elastomeric or foam gasket 12 around the injection tip of the cannula which is used to seal the annular defect. More specifically FIG. 1a depicts cannula 10 approaching surgically created hole or defect 4 in annulus fibrosus 2. The intervertebral disc space 3 formed by excision of nucleus pulposus is shown as empty. Adjacent vertebral body 1 shows the relative relationship affected disc to vertebral body 1. Gasket 12 can be comprised of varying shapes and geometries (ring, hourglass, tapered, etc.). Examples of suitable elastomeric or foam materials include but are not limited to thermoplastic elastomers, polypropylenes, polyethylenes, silicones, polyurethanes, latex, alloys and blends thereof.

[0033] FIG. 1b shows cannula 10 being advanced into defect 4. FIG. 1c depicts the cannula 10 firmly engaged into defect 4 by virtue of gasket 12 so as to form an annular seal. FIG. 1d shows the volumetric material being introduced through cannula 10 into intervertebral disc space 3. The amount of volumetric material is measured or metered so as to determine the volume of cleared intervertebral disc space 3 that needs to be filled with a nucleus pulposus replacement or augmentation material. Once the volume of intervertebral disc space 3 is determined, intervertebral disc space 3 is evacuated in a preferred embodiment through cannula 10 as depicted in FIG. 1d. It should be noted that the volumetric material may be evacuated through another path, such as through another hole in the annulus fibrosus. FIG. 1e depicts the introduction of nucleus pulposus replacement or augmentation material through cannula 10 into intervertebral disc space 3. Once intervertebral disc space 3 is filled to the appropriate volume, cannula 10 is removed leaving annular hole or defect 4 open as shown in FIG. 1f. Defect 4 may be closed by any suitable closure techniques known in the art such as through use of an annular plug or by surgical suturing.

[0034] FIGS. 2a-2b describe one embodiment of a device of this invention wherein a volumetric material delivery device comprises an expandable elastomeric tip or foam gasket. More particularly, FIG. 2a depicts the device comprising inner cannula 20 and outer cannula 18. Disposed between cannula 18 and 20 is elastomeric gasket 16. FIG. 2b shows the device in activation wherein the relative position of internal cannula 20 has changed with respect to outer cannula 18 so as to cause gasket 16 to bulge or radially expand and thereby form a firm seal of annular defect 4 and allow for substantially leak proof delivery of the volumetric material. The bulging of gasket 16 may be caused , for example, by pushing external cannula 18 to create the desired seal, or conversely by pulling of e internal cannula 20 to expand for the desired amount of seal. Multiple shapes and materials for gasket 16 may be utilized as described above for gasket 12.

[0035] FIGS. 3a and 3b describe yet another device for forming a seal via a ballooning tip. Specifically, FIG. 3a describes a cross-sectional view of cannula 10 comprising catheter tube 32 and inflatable balloon 30. Tube 32 acts a passageway to provide air or gas to the annular balloon 30 for inflation. FIG. 3b shows the device in operation wherein balloon 30 has been inflated to firmly seal annulus fibrosus prior to volumetric material being introduced into intervertebral disc space 3. Balloon 30 may be produced from any thin biocompatible flexible polymer known in the art.

[0036] FIGS. 4a-4f depict a preferred embodiment of this invention which utilizes an internal check valve to preclude backflow of either volumetric material and/or the nucleus pulposus replacement material. Referring to

[0037] FIG. 4a, cannula 10 comprises anti-backflow valve 40 and annular sealing means 42. It should be noted that annular sealing means 42 may be any of the above described sealing techniques, e.g., conformable tip, expanding gasket or inflating balloon. Valve 40 may be activated to allow for aspiration and/or removal of the volumetric material or excess nucleus pulposus replacement or augmentation material.

[0038] A further preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 4b, a cannulated stylet 50 is inserted into the cannula 10 which has been sealed into annular defect 4. In dispensing volumetric material into intervertebral disc space 3, stylet 50 is advanced, as depicted in FIG. 4c to permit entry into intervertebral space 3. Once the amount of volumetric material has been determined, stylet 50 is used in reverse fashion to withdraw the volumetric materials such as through aspiration, as shown in FIG. 4d. Once intervertebral space 3 has been evacuated of the volumetric material, the nucleus replacement or augmentation material is injected into intervertebral disc space 3 as shown in FIG. 4e. Finally, FIG. 4f shows intervertebral disc space 3 filled with the appropriate volume of nucleus replacement or augmentation material with cannula 10 having been removed leaving annular hole or defect 4. Defect 4 may be closed by any suitable closure techniques known in the art such as through use of an annular plug or by surgical suturing. While this one technique for valve activation has been shown by insertion of the tip of an injector or stylet into the valve to facilitate opening, any other known techniques common to valve technology may be employed in activating anti-back flow valve 40.

[0039] Suitable materials for use as the nucleus pulposus replacement or augmentation material may be of any known type. Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to polyethylenes, silicones, polyurethanes, metallics, ceramics, collagen, hydrogels, for example.

[0040] It should be understood that the foregoing disclosure and description of the present invention are illustrative and explanatory thereof and various changes in the size, shape and materials as well as in the description of the preferred embodiment may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is envisioned that this invention may be applied to correcting defects in other articulating joints were volumetric determination of a defect is a benefit, such as with knees, hips, shoulders, elbow capsules as best examples, but also to facets, ankles, wrists, hand, and digits.