Method of controlling recording of media

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/304,390, entitled CONTROLLING INTERACTION OF DELIVERABLE ELECTRONIC MEDIA by Hank Risan, et al., filed Nov. 25, 2002, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, Attorney Docket Number MOMI-005, and which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to the recording of electronic media. More particularly, the present invention relates to preventing unauthorized recording of electronic media.

[0003] With advancements in hardware and software technology, computers are integral tools utilized in various applications, such as finance, CAD (computer aided design), manufacturing, health care, telecommunication, education, etc. Further, an enhancement in computer functionality can be realized by communicatively coupling computers together to form a network. Within a network environment, computer systems enable users to exchange files, share information stored in common databases, combine or pool resources, communicate via electronic mail (e-mail), and access information on the Internet. Additionally, computers connected to a network environment, e.g., the Internet, provide their users access to data and information from all over the world.

[0004] Some of the various types of data that a user can access and share include, but are not limited to, text data such as that found in a word document, graphical data such as that found in pictures, e.g., JPEGs, GIFs, TIFFs, audio data such as that found in music files, e.g., MP3 files, and video data such as that found in moving pictures files, e.g., MPEG, MOV, and AVI files, to name a few. In fact, nearly any type of data can be stored and shared with other computer systems. In many instances, the material contained within the various data types is copyrighted material.

[0005] There are many different types of network environments that can be implemented to facilitate sharing of data between computer systems. Some of the various network environment types include Ethernet, client-server, and wired and/or wireless network environments. A common utilization of a network environment type is for file sharing, such as in a P2P network or point-to-point network. Most P2P networks rely on business models based upon the transfer and redistribution of copyrighted material, e.g., audio files, between computers coupled to a network, e.g., the Internet. A P2P network allows a user to acquire the copyrighted material from a computer, a web site source, or a music broadcaster, and store and share the material with other users throughout the network, in some instances acting as a web site source or a music broadcaster.

[0006] It is also common for users sharing media files in an uncontrolled manner to use freely distributed or commercially available media player applications to experience, e.g., listen, view, and/or watch, the shared files. In many instances, these media player applications also provide for downloading the media file from a P2P network or from licensed web broadcasters, saving it locally, and then upload the media file onto an unlawful P2P or similar network and/or consumer recording devices. Unlawfully saving/recording a media file can be as simple as selecting the save or record function on a media player application.

[0007] Additionally, many of the computers, web sites, and web broadcasters that share copyrighted material commonly do not control or monitor the files being exchanged between computers. Additionally, when web sites attempt to control or restrict the distribution of copyrighted material, e.g., audio files, users seeking to circumvent controls or restrictions can, in many cases, simply utilize the recording functionality of a media player application and save the copyrighted material, rename the particular audio file, and upload the renamed file, rendering attempts to control or restrict its distribution moot.

[0008] Further, many of the media player/recorder applications are designed to capture and record incoming media files in a manner that circumvents controls implemented by a media player application inherent to an operating system, e.g., QuickTime for Apple, MediaPlayer for Windows, etc., or one downloadable from the Internet, e.g., RealPlayer, LiquidAudio, or those provided by webcasters, e.g., PressPlay, for controlling unauthorized recording of media files. Additionally, many digital recording devices, e.g., mini-disc recorders, MP3 recorders, and the like, can be coupled to a digital output of a computer system to capture the media file.

[0009] It is desired to prevent persons from making unauthorized copies of copyrighted material through some available network, e.g., wireline, wireless, P2P, etc., or through a communicative coupling. It is further desirable to prevent persons from making unauthorized copies of media files from or to alternative sources, e.g., CD players, DVD players, removable hard drives, personal electronic and/or recording devices, e.g., MP3 recorders, and the like.

[0010] Current methods of sharing media files do not provide adequate protection against unauthorized recording of the media files.

[0011] Accordingly, a need exists for a method that prevents unauthorized recording of media files. Further, a need exists for a method that selectively prevents unauthorized recording of media files. Embodiments of the present invention satisfy the above mentioned needs.

[0012] In one embodiment, a method of preventing unauthorized recording of electronic media is comprised of activating a compliance mechanism in response to receiving media content by a client system. The compliance mechanism is coupled to the client system. The media content presentation application is operable and coupled to the compliance mechanism. The method is further comprised of controlling a data output path of the client computer with the compliance mechanism. The method is further comprised of directing the media content via the data output path to a custom media device for selectively restricting output of the media content. The custom media device is coupled to the compliance mechanism and to the media content presentation application. The method is further comprised of preventing a recording application coupled to the client computer system from recording the media content file when recording violates usage restriction applicable to the media content.

[0013] In another embodiment, the present invention provides computer implementable instructions stored on a computer readable medium, the instructions for causing a client system to perform a method of restricting recording of media content. The present method is comprised of animating a compliance mechanism coupled to the client system. The animating is in response to the client system receiving media content. The client system has a media content presentation application coupled thereto and operable with the compliance mechanism. The present method is further comprised of managing an output path of the client computer with the compliance mechanism. The present method is further comprised of governing said media content to a custom media device via the output path to a custom media device for selectively restricting output of said media content.

[0014] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for restricting recording of media files comprising means for activating a compliance mechanism to control a data output path of a client system. The activating is in response to said client system receiving media content. The compliance mechanism is coupled to the client system and operable in conjunction with a media content presentation application coupled to the client system and operable thereon. The present method further comprises means for directing the media content to a custom media device via said data output path controlled by said compliance mechanism, for selectively restricting output of said media content.

[0015] These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after having read the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments which are illustrated in the various drawing figures.

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0017] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system that can be utilized in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary network environment that can be utilized in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of various exemplary functional components of a copyright compliance mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] FIG. 4 is an illustration of an exemplary system for implementing a copyright compliance mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] FIG. 5A is a data flow block diagram showing an implementation of a copyright compliance mechanism for preventing unauthorized recording of media files, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] FIG. 5B is a data flow block diagram showing an implementation of a component of a copyright compliance mechanism for preventing unauthorized recording of media files, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 5C is a data flow block diagram showing an implementation of copyright compliance mechanism for preventing unauthorized output of media files, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 6A is a block diagram of an environment for preventing unauthorized copying of a media file, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C are a flowchart of steps performed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention for providing a copyright compliance mechanism to a network of client and server computer systems.

[0026] FIG. 8 is a diagram of an exemplary global media delivery system in which a copyright compliance mechanism can be implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, to one of ordinary skill in the art, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present invention.

[0028] Some portions of the detailed description which follows are presented in terms of procedures, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computing system or digital memory system. These descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. A procedure, logic block, process, etc., is herein, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps or instructions leading to a desired result. The steps are those involving physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these physical manipulations take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated in a computing system or similar electronic computing device. For reasons of convenience, and with reference to common usage, these signals are referred to as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like, with reference to the present invention.

[0029] It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these terms are to be interpreted as referencing physical manipulations and quantities and are merely convenient labels and are to be interpreted further in view of terms commonly used in the art. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussions, it is understood that discussions of the present invention refer to actions and processes of a computing system, or similar electronic computing device that manipulates and transforms data. The data is represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computing system's registers and memories and is transformed into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computing system's memories or registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices.

[0030] In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. To one skilled in the art, the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.

[0031] Embodiments of the present invention are discussed primarily in the context of a network of computer systems such as a network of desktop, workstation, laptop, handheld, and/or other portable electronic device. For purposes of the present application, the term portable electronic device is not intended to be limited solely to conventional handheld or portable computers. Instead, the term portable electronic device is also intended to include many mobile electronic devices. Such mobile devices include, but are not limited to, portable CD players, MP3 players, mobile phones, portable recording devices, and other personal digital devices.

[0032] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary computer system 100 that can be used in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It is noted that computer system 100 can be nearly any type of computing system or electronic computing device including, but not limited to, a server computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or other portable electronic device. Within the context of the present invention, certain discussed processes, procedures, and steps are realized as a series of instructions (e.g., a software program) that reside within computer system memory units of computer system 100 and which are executed by a processor(s) of computer system 100, in one embodiment. When executed, the instructions cause computer system 100 to perform specific actions and exhibit specific behavior which is described in detail herein.

[0033] Computer system 100 of FIG. 1 comprises an address/data bus 100 for communicating information, one or more central processors 101 coupled to bus 110 for processing information and instructions. Central processor(s) 101 can be a microprocessor or any alternative type of processor. Computer system 100 also includes a computer usable volatile memory 102, e.g., random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), double data rate RAM (DDR RAM), etc., coupled to bus 110 for storing information and instructions for processor(s) 101. Computer system 100 further includes a computer usable non-volatile memory 103, e.g., read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM, electronically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory (a type of EEPROM), etc., coupled to bus 110 for storing static information and instructions for processor(s) 101. In one embodiment, non-volatile memory 103 can be removable.

[0034] System 100 also includes one or more signal generating and receiving devices, e.g., signal input/output device(s) 104 coupled to bus 110 for enabling computer 100 to interface with other electronic devices. Communication interface 104 can include wired and/or wireless communication functionality. For example, in one embodiment, communication interface 104 is a serial communication port, but can alternatively be one of a number of well known communication standards and protocols, e.g., a parallel port, an Ethernet adapter, a FireWire (IEEE 1394) interface, a Universal Serial Bus (USB), a small computer system interface (SCSI), an infrared (IR) communication port, a Bluetooth wireless communication adapter, a broadband connection, a satellite link, an Internet feed, a cable modem, and the like. In another embodiment, a digital subscriber line (DSL) can be implemented as signal input/output device 104. In such an instance, communication interface 104 may include a DSL modem.

[0035] Computer 100 of FIG. 1 can also include one or more computer usable data storage device(s) 108 coupled to bus 110 for storing instructions and information, in one embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, data storage device 108 can be a magnetic storage device, e.g., a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a zip drive, or other magnetic storage device. In another embodiment, data storage device 108 can be an optical storage device, e.g., a CD (compact disc), a DVD (digital versatile disc), or other alternative optical storage device. Alternatively, any combination of magnetic, optical, and alternative storage devices can be implemented, e.g., a RAID (random array of independent disks or random array of inexpensive discs) configuration. It is noted that data storage device 108 can be located internal and/or external of system 100 and communicatively coupled with system 100 utilizing wired and/or wireless communication technology, thereby providing expanded storage and functionality to system 100. It is further noted that nearly any portable electronic device, e.g., device 100a, can also be communicatively coupled with system 100 via utilization of wired and/or wireless technology, thereby expanding the functionality of system 100.

[0036] System 100 can also include an optional display device 105 coupled to bus 110 for displaying video, graphics, and/or alphanumeric characters. It is noted that display device 105 can be a CRT (cathode ray tube), a thin CRT (TCRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, a field emission display (FED) or any other display device suitable for displaying video, graphics, and alphanumeric characters recognizable to a user.

[0037] Computer system 100 of FIG. 1 further includes an optional alphanumeric input device 106 coupled to bus 110 for communicating information and command selections to processor(s) 101, in one embodiment. Alphanumeric input device 106 is coupled to bus 110 and includes alphanumeric and function keys. Also included in computer 100 is an optional cursor control device 107 coupled to bus 110 for communicating user input information and command selections to processor(s) 101. Cursor control device 107 can be implemented using a number of well known devices such as a mouse, a trackball, a track pad, a joy stick, a optical tracking device, a touch screen, etc. It is noted that a cursor can be directed and/or activated via input from alphanumeric input device 106 using special keys and key sequence commands. It is further noted that directing and/or activating the cursor can be accomplished by alternative means, e.g., voice activated commands, provided computer system 100 is configured with such functionality.

[0038] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary network 200 in which embodiments of the present invention may be implemented. In one example, network 200 enables one or more authorized client computer systems (e.g., 210, 220, and 230), each of which are coupled to Internet 201, to receive media content from a media content server, e.g., 251, via the Internet 201 while preventing unauthorized client computer systems from accessing media stored in a database of content server 251.

[0039] Network 200 includes a web server 250 and a content server 251 which are communicatively coupled to Internet 201. Further, web server 250 and content server 251 can be communicatively coupled without utilizing Internet 201, as shown. Web server 250, content server 251, and client computers 210, 220, and 230 can communicate with each other. It is noted that computers and servers of network 200 are well suited to be communicatively coupled in various implementations. For example, web server 250, content server 251, and client computer systems 210, 220, and 230 of network 200 can be communicatively coupled via wired communication technology, e.g., twisted pair cabling, fiber optics, coaxial cable, etc., or wireless communication technology, or a combination of wired and wireless communication technology.

[0040] Still referring to FIG. 2, it is noted that web server 250, content server 251, and client computer systems 210, 220 and 230 of network 200 can, in one embodiment, be each implemented in a manner similar to computer system 100 of FIG. 1. However, the server and computer systems in network 200 are not limited to such implementation. Additionally, web server 250 and content server 251 can perform various functionalities within network 200. It is also noted that, in one embodiment, web server 250 and content server 251 can both be disposed on a single or a plurality of physical computer systems, e.g., computer system 100 of FIG. 1.

[0041] Further, it is noted that network 200 can operate with and deliver any type of media content, (e.g., audio, video, multimedia, graphics, information, data, software programs, etc.) in any format. In one example, content server 251 can provide audio and video files to client computers 210-230 via Internet 201.

[0042] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary copyright compliance mechanism (CCM) 300 of, access to, and/or copyright compliance of media files, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, CCM 300 contains one or more software components and instructions for enabling compliance with DMCA (digital millennium copyright act) restrictions and/or RIAA (recording industry association of America) licensing agreements regarding media files. In one embodiment, CCM 300 may be integrated into existing and/or newly developed media player and recorder applications. In another embodiment, CCM 300 may be implemented as stand alone but in conjunction with existing media player/recorder applications, such that CCM 300 is communicatively coupled to existing media player/recorder applications.

[0043] There are currently two types of copyright licenses recognized by the DMCA for the protection of broadcasted copyrighted material. One of the broadcast copyright licenses is a compulsory license, also referred to as a statutory license. A statutory license is defined as a non-interactive license, meaning the user cannot select the song. Further, a caveat of this type of broadcast license is that a user must not be able to select a particular music file for the purpose of recording it to the user's computer system or other storage device. Another caveat of a statutory license is that a media file is not available more than once for a given period of time. In one example, the period of time can be three hours.

[0044] The other type of broadcast license recognized by the DMCA is an interactive licensing agreement. An interactive licensing agreement is commonly with the copyright holder, e.g., a record company, the artist, where the copyright holder grants permission for a server, e.g., web server 250 and/or content server 251 of FIG. 2 to broadcast copyrighted material. Under an interactive licensing agreement, there are a variety of ways that copyrighted material, e.g., music files, can be broadcast. For example, one manner in which music files can be broadcast is to allow the user to select and listen to a particular sound recording, but without the user enabled to make a sound recording. This is commonly referred to as an interactive with no save license, meaning that the end user is unable to save or store the media content file in a relatively permanent manner. Additionally, another manner in which music files can be broadcast is to allow a user to not only select and listen to a particular music file, but additionally allow the user to save that particularly music file to disc and/or bum the music file to CD, MP3 player, or other portable electronic device. This is commonly referred to as an interactive with save license, meaning that the end user is enabled to save, store, or burn to CD, the media content file.

[0045] It is noted that the DMCA allows for the perfect reproduction of the sound recording. A perfect copy of a sound recording is a one-to-one mapping of the original sound recording into a digitized form, such that the perfect copy is virtually indistinguishable and/or has no audible differences from the original recording.

[0046] In one embodiment, CCM (copyright compliance mechanism) 300 can be stored in web server 250 and/or content server 251 of network 200 and is configured to be installed into each client computer system, e.g., 210, 220 and 230, enabled to access the media files stored within content server 251 and/or web server 250. Alternatively, copyright compliance mechanism 300 can be externally disposed and communicatively coupled with a client computer system 200 via, e.g., a portable media device 100a of FIG. 1.

[0047] Copyright compliance mechanism 300 is configured to be operable while having portions of components, entire components, combinations of components, and/or comp, e.g., 210, 220, and/or 230.

[0048] Additionally, portions of components, entire components and/or combinations of components of CCM 300 can be readily updated, e.g., via Internet 201, to reflect changes or developments in the DMCA, changes or developments in copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements that pertain to any media file, changes in current media player applications and/or the development of new media player applications, or to counteract subversive and/or hacker-like attempts to unlawfully obtain one or more media files.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, CCM 300 is shown to include instructions 301 for enabling client computer system 210 to interact with web server 250 and content server 251 of network 200. Instructions 301 enable client computer system 210 to interact with servers, e.g., 250 and 251 in a network, e.g., 200.

[0050] The copyright compliance mechanism 300 also includes, in one embodiment, a user ID generator 302, for generating a user ID or user key, and one or more cookie(s) which contain(s) information specific to the user and the user's computer system, e.g., 210. In one embodiment, the user ID and the cookie(s) are installed in computer system 210 prior to installation of the remaining components of the copyright compliance mechanism 300. It is noted that the presence of a valid cookie(s) and a valid user ID/user key are verified by web server 250 before the remaining components of a CCM 300 can be installed, within one embodiment of the present invention. Additionally, the user ID/user key can contain, but is not limited to, the user's name, the user's address, the user's credit card number, verified email address, and an identity (usemame) and password selected by the user. Furthermore, the cookie can contain, but is not limited to, information specific to the user, information regarding the user's computer system 210, e.g., types of media applications operational therewithin, a unique identifier associated with computer system 210, e.g., a MAC (machine address code) address and/or an IP address, and other information specific to the user and the computer system operated by the user. It is noted that the information regarding the client computer system, e.g., 210, the user of system 210, and an access key described herein can be collectively referred to as authorization data.

[0051] Advantageously, with information regarding the user and the user's computer system, e.g., 210, web server 250 can determine when a user of one computer system, e.g., 210, has given their usemame and password to another user using another computer system, e.g., 220. Because the username, password, and the user's computer system 210 are closely associated, web server 250 can prevent unauthorized access to copyrighted media content, in one embodiment. It is noted that if web server 250 detects unauthorized sharing of usernames and passwords, it can block the user of computer system 210, as well as other users who unlawfully obtained the username and password, from future access to copyrighted media content available through web server 250. Web server 250 can invoke blocking for any specified period of time, e.g., for a matter of minutes or hours to months, years, or longer.

[0052] Still referring to FIG. 3, copyright compliance mechanism 300 further includes one or more coder/decoders (codec) 303 that, in one embodiment, is/are adapted to perform, but is/are not limited to, encoding/decoding of media files, compressing/decompressing of media files, detecting that delivered media files are encrypted as prescribed by CCM 300. In the present embodiment, coder/decoder 303 can also extract key fields from a header attached to each media content file for, in part, verification that the file originated from a content server, e.g., 251.

[0053] In the present embodiment, coder/decoder 303 can also perform a periodic and repeated check of the media file, while the media file is passed to the media player application, e.g., in a frame by frame basis or in a buffer by buffer basis, to ensure that CCM 300 rules are being enforced at any particular moment during media playback. It is noted that differing coder/decoders 303 can be utilized in conjunction with various types of copyrighted media content including, but not limited to, audio files, video files, graphical files, alphanumeric files and the like, such that any type of media content file can be protected in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

[0054] With reference still to FIG. 3, copyright compliance mechanism 300 also includes one or more agent programs 304 which are configured to engage in dialogs and negotiate and coordinate transfer of information between a computer system, e.g., 210, 220, or 230, a server, e.g., web server 250 and/or content server 251, and/or media player applications, with or without recording functionality, that are operable within a client computer system, in one embodiment. In the present embodiment, agent program 304 can also be configured to maintain system state, verify that other components are being utilized simultaneously, to be autonomously functional without knowledge of the client, and can also present messages, e.g., error messages, media information, advertising, etc., via a display window or electronic mail. This enables detection of proper skin implementation and detection of those applications that are running. It is noted that agent programs are well known in the art and can be implemented in a variety of ways in accordance with the present embodiment.

[0055] Copyright compliance mechanism 300 also includes one or more system hooks 305, in one embodiment of the present invention. A system hook 305 is, in one embodiment, a library that is installed in a computer system, e.g., 210, and intercepts system wide events. For example, a system hook 305, in conjunction with skins 306, can govern certain properties and/or functionalities of media player applications operating within the client computer system, e.g., 210, including, but not limited to, mouse click shortcuts, keyboard shortcuts, standard system accelerators, progress bars, save functions, pause functions, rewind functions, skip track functions, forward track preview, copying to CD, copying to a portable electronic device, and the like.

[0056] It is noted that the term govern or governing, for purposes of the present invention, can refer to a disabling, deactivating, enabling, activating, etc., of a property or function. Governing can also refer to an exclusion of that function or property, such that a function or property may be operable but unable to perform in the manner originally intended. For example, during playing of a media file, the progress bar may be selected and moved from one location on the progress line to another without having an effect on the play of the media file.

[0057] It is further noted that codec 303 compares the information for the media player application operating in client computer system, e.g., 210, with a list of signatures associated with known media recording applications. In one embodiment, the signature can be, but is not limited to being, a unique identifier of a media player application and which can consist of the window class of the application along with a product name string which is part of the window title for the application. Advantageously, when new media player applications are developed, their signatures can be readily added to the signature list via an update of CCM 300 described herein.

[0058] The following C source code is exemplary implementation of the portion of a codec 303 for performing media player application detection, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

int
IsRecorderPresent(TCHAR * szAppClass,
TCHAR *szProdName)
TCHAR	szWndText_MAX_PATH; /* buffer to receive
	title string for window */
HWND	hWnd;/* handle to target window for operation */
intnRetVal;/* return value for operation */
/* initialize variables */
nRetVal 0;
if ( _tcscmp(szAppClass,_T(32770))
0)
/* attempt to locate dialog box with specified window title */
if ( FindWindow((TCHAR *) 32770, szProdName)
(HWND) 0)
/* indicate application found */
nRetVal 1;
else
/* attempt to locate window with specified class */
if ( (hWnd FindWindow(szAppClass, (LPCTSTR) 0))
(HWND) 0)
/* attempt to retrive title string for window */
if (GetWindowText(hWnd,
szWndText,
_MAX_PATH)
0)
/* attempt to locate product name within title string */
if ( _tcsstr(szWndText, szProdName)
(TCHAR *) 0)
/* indicate application found */
nRetVal 1;
/* return to caller */
return nRetVal;

[0059] It is further noted that codec 303 can also selectively suppress waveform input/output operations to prevent recording of copyrighted media on a client computer system 210. For example, codec 303, subsequent to detection of bundled media player applications operational in a client computer system, e.g., 210, can stop or disrupt the playing of a media content file. This can be accomplished, in one embodiment, by redirecting and/or diverting certain data pathways that are commonly used for recording, such that the utilized data pathway is governed by the copyright compliance mechanism 300. In one embodiment, this can be performed within a driver shim, e.g., wave driver shim 309 of FIGS. 5A and 5B.

[0060] A driver shim can be utilized for nearly any software output device, e.g., a standard Windows waveform output device, e.g., Windows Media Player, or hardware output device, e.g., speakers or headphones. Client computer system 210 is configured such that the driver shim, (e.g., 309 of FIGS. 5A and 5B) will appear as the default waveform media device to client level application programs. Thus, requests for processing of waveform media input and/or output will pass through the driver shim prior to being forwarded to the actual waveform audio driver, media device driver 505 of FIGS. 5A and 5B. Such waveform input/output suppression can be triggered by other components of CCM 300, e.g., agent 304, to be active when a recording operation is initiated by a client computer system, e.g., 210, during the play back of media files which are subject to the DMCA.

[0061] It is noted that alternative driver shims can be implemented for nearly any waveform output device including, but not limited to, a Windows Media Player. It is further noted that the driver shim can be implemented for nearly any media in nearly any format including, but not limited to, audio media files and audio input and output devices, video, graphic and/or alphanumeric media files and video input and output devices.

[0062] The following C source code is an exemplary implementation of a portion of a codec 303 and/or a custom media device driver 307 for diverting and/or redirecting certain data pathways that are commonly used for recording of media content, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DWORD
_stdcall
widMessage(UINT	uDevId,
UINT	uMsg,
DWORD	dwUser,
DWORD	dwParam1,
DWORD	dwParam2)
BOOL	bSkip;/* flag indicating operation to be
	skipped */
HWND	hWndMon;/* handle to main window for
	monitor */
DWORD	dwRetVal;/* return value for operation */
/* initialize variables */
bSkip FALSE
dwRetVal (DWORD) MMSYSERR_NOTSUPPORTED;
if(uMsg WIDM_START)
/* attempt to locate window for monitor application */
if ( (hWndMon FindMonitorWindow( ))
(HWND)0)
/* obtain setting for driver */
bDrvEnabled (SendMessage(hWndMon,
	uiRegMsg,
	0,
	0)
0)
FALSE:TRUE;
if(bDrvEnabled TRUE)
/* indicate error in operation */
dwRetVal MMSYSERR_NOMEM;
/* indicate operation to be skipped */
bSkip TRUE;
if(bSkip FALSE)
/* invoke entry point for original driver */
dwRetVal CallWidMessage(uDevId, uMsg, dwUser,
dwParam1, dwParam2);
/* return to caller */
return dwRetVal;

[0063] It is noted that when properly configured, system hook 305 can govern nearly any function or property within nearly any media player application that may be operational within a client computer system, e.g., 210-230. In one embodiment, system hook 305 is a DLL (dynamic link library) file. It is further noted that system hooks are well known in the art, and are a standard facility in a Microsoft Windows operating environment, and accordingly can be implemented in a variety of ways. However, it is also noted that system hook 305 can be readily adapted for implementation in alternative operating systems, e.g., Apple operating systems, Sun Solaris operating systems, Linux operating systems, and nearly any other operating system.

[0064] In FIG. 3, copyright compliance mechanism 300 also includes one or more skins 306, which can be designed to be installed in a client computer system, e.g., 210-230. In one embodiment, skins 306 are utilized to assist in client side compliance with the DMCA (digital millennium copyright act) regarding copyrighted media content. Skins 306 are customizable interfaces that, in one embodiment, are displayed on a display device (e.g., 105) of computer system 210 and provide functionalities for user interaction of delivered media content. Additionally, skins 306 can also provide a display of information relative to the media content file including, but not limited to, song title, artist name, album title, artist bio, and other features such as purchase inquiries, advertising, and the like.

[0065] Furthermore, when system hook 305 is unable to govern a function of the media player application operable on a client computer system, e.g., 210, such that client computer system could be in non-compliance with DMCA and/or RLAA restrictions, a skin 306 can be implemented to provide compliance.

[0066] Differing skins 306 can be implemented depending upon the DMCA and/or RIAA restrictions applicable to each media content file. For example, in one embodiment, a skin 306a may be configured for utilization with a media content file protected under a non-interactive agreement (DMCA), such that skin 306a may not include a pause function, a stop function, a selector function, and/or a save function, etc. Another skin, e.g., skin 306b may, in one embodiment, be configured to be utilized with a media content file protected under an interactive with no save agreement (DMCA), such that skin 306b may include a pause function, a stop function, a selector function, and for those media files having an interactive with save agreement, a save or a burn to CD function.

[0067] Still referring to FIG. 3, it is further noted that in the present embodiment, each skin 306 can have a unique name and signature. In one embodiment, skin 306 can implemented, in part, through the utilization of an MD (message digest) 5 hash table or similar algorithm. An MD5 hash-table can, in one implementation, be a check-sum algorithm. It is well known in the art that a skin, e.g., skin 306, can be renamed and/or modified to incorporate additional features and/or functionalities in an unauthorized manner. Since modification of the skin would change the check sum and/or MD5 hash, without knowledge of the MD5 hash table, changing the name or modification of the skin may simply serve to disable the skin, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Since copyright compliance mechanism 300 verifies skin 306, MD5 hash tables advantageously provide a deterrent against modifications made to the skin.

[0068] In one embodiment, copyright compliance mechanism 300 also includes one or more custom media device driver(s) 307 for providing an even greater measure of control over the media stream while increasing compliance reliability. A client computer system, e.g., 210, can be configured to utilize a custom media device application, e.g., custom media device 310 (shown in FIG. 5B), to control unauthorized recording of media content files. A custom media device application can be, but is not limited to, a custom media audio device application for media files having sound content, a custom video device application for media files having graphical and/or alphanumeric content, etc. In one embodiment, custom media device 310 of FIG. 5B is an emulation of the custom media device driver 307. With reference to audio media, the emulation is performed in a waveform audio driver associated with custom media device 310. Driver 307 is configured to receive a media file being outputted by system 210 prior to the media file being sent to a media output device, e.g., media output device 570, and/or a media output application, e.g., recording application 502. Examples of a media output device includes, but is not limited to, a video card for video files, a sound card for audio files, etc. Examples of a recording application can include, but is not limited to, CD burner applications for writing to another CDs, ripper applications which capture the media file and change the format of the media file, e.g., from a MP3 file to a wav file. In one embodiment, client computer system 210 is configured with a custom media device driver 307 emulating custom media device 310, and which is system 210's default device driver for media file output. In one embodiment, an existing GUI (graphical user interface) can be utilized or a GUI can be provided, e.g., by utilization of skin 306 or a custom web based player application or as part of a CCM 300 installation bundle, for forcing or requiring system 210 to have driver 307 as the default driver.

[0069] Therefore, when a media content file is received by system 210 from server 251, the media content file is playable, provided the media content file passes through the custom media device application (e.g., 310 of FIG. 5B), emulated by custom media device driver 307, prior to being outputted. However, if an alternative media player application is selected, delivered media files from server 251 will not play on system 210.

[0070] Thus, secured media player applications would issue a media request to the driver, e.g., 307, for the custom media device 310 which then performs necessary media input suppression, e.g., waveform suppression for audio files, prior to forwarding the request to the default Windows media driver, e.g., waveform audio driver for audio files.

[0071] It is noted that requests for non-restricted media files can pass directly through custom media device driver 307 to a Windows waveform audio driver operable on system 210, thus reducing instances of incompatibilities with existing media player applications that utilize waveform media, e.g., audio, video, etc. Additionally, media player applications that do not support secured media would be unaffected. It is further noted that for either secured media or non-restricted media, e.g., audio media files, waveform input suppression can be triggered by other components of CCM 300, e.g., agents 304, system hooks 305, and skins 306, or a combination thereof, to be active when a recording operation is initiated simultaneously with playback of secured media files, e.g., audio files. Custom device drivers are well known and can be coded and implemented in a variety of ways including, but limited to, those found at developers network web sites, e.g., a Microsoft or alternative OS (operating system) developer web sites.

[0072] Advantageously, by virtue of system 210 being configured with a custom media device as the default device driver e.g., device 310 of FIGS. 5B and 5C, emulated by a custom media device driver 307, those media player applications that require their particular device driver to be the default driver, e.g., Total Recorder, etc., are rendered non-functional for secured music. Further advantageous is that an emulated custom media device provides no native support for those media player applications used as a recording mechanism, e.g., DirectSound capture, (direct sound 504 of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C) etc., that are able to bypass user-mode drivers for most media devices. Additionally, by virtue of the media content being sent through device driver 307, thus effectively disabling unauthorized saving/recording of media files, in one embodiment, media files that are delivered in a secured delivery system do not have to be encrypted, although, in another embodiment, they still may be encrypted. By virtue of non-encrypted media files utilizing less storage space and network resources than encrypted media files, networks having limited resources can utilize the functionalities of driver 307 of CCM 300 to provide compliance with copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements applicable with a media content file without having the processing overhead of encrypted media files.

[0073] FIG. 4 is an illustration of an exemplary system 400 for implementing a copyright compliance mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, system 400 illustrates web server 250, content server 251, or a combination of web server 250 and content server 251 installing a copyright compliance mechanism (e.g., 300) in a client's computer system (e.g., 210) for controlling media file distribution and controlling user access and interaction of copyrighted media files, in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] Client computer system 210 can communicatively couple with a network (e.g., 200) to request a media file, a list of available media files, or a play list of audio files, e.g., MP3 files, etc. In response, web server 250 determines if the request originates from a registered user authorized to receive media files associated with the request. If the user is not registered with the network, web server 250 can initiate a registration process with the requesting client 210. Client registration can be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, web server 250 may deliver to a client 210 a registration form having various text entry fields into which the user can enter required information. A variety of information can be required from the user by web server 250 including, but not limited to, user's name, address, phone number, credit card number, verifiable email address, and the like. In addition, registration can, in one embodiment, include a requirement for the user to select a username and password.

[0075] Still referring to FIG. 4, web server 250 can, in one embodiment, detect information related to the client's computer system, e.g., 210, and store that information in a user/media database 450. For example, web server 250 can detect a unique identifier of client computer system 210. In one embodiment, the unique identifier can be the MAC (machine address code) address of a NIC (network interface card) of client computer system 210 or the MAC address of the network interface adapter integrated on the motherboard of system 210. It is understood that a NIC enables a client computer system 210 to access web server 250 via Internet 201. It is well known that each NIC typically has a unique identifying number MAC address. Further, web server 250 can, in one embodiment, detect and store (also in database 450) information regarding the types(s) of media player application(s), e.g., Windows Media Player, Real Player, iTunes player (Apple), Live 365 player, and those media player applications having recording functionality, e.g., Total Recorder, Cool Edit 2000, Sound Forge, Sound Recorder, Super MP3 Recorder, and the like, that are present and operable in client computer system 210. In one embodiment, the client information is verified for accuracy and is then stored in a user database (e.g., 450) within web server 250.

[0076] Subsequent to registration completion, creation of the user ID and password, and obtaining information regarding client computer system 210, all or part of this information can be installed in client computer system 210. In one embodiment, client computer system 210 information can be in the form of a cookie. Web server 250 then verifies that the user and client computer system 210 data is properly installed therein and that their integrity has not been compromised. Subsequently, web server 250 installs a copyright compliance mechanism (e.g., 300) into the client's computer system, e.g., 210, in one embodiment of the present invention. It is noted that web server 250 may not initiate installation of CCM 300 until the user ID, password, and client computer system 210 information is verified. A variety of common techniques can be employed to install an entire CCM 300, portions of components, entire components, and/or combinations or a function of components. For example, copyright compliance mechanism 300 can be installed in a hidden directory within client computer system 210, thereby preventing unauthorized access to it. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that unless CCM 300 is installed in client computer system 210, its user will not be able to request, access, or have delivered thereto, media files stored by web server 250 and/or content server 251,

[0077] Referring still to FIG. 4, upon completion of client registration and installation of CCM 300, client computer system 210 can then request a media play list or a plurality of play lists, etc. In response, web server 250 determines whether the user of client computer system 210 is authorized to receive the media play list associated with the request. In one embodiment, web server 250 can request the username and password. Alternatively, web server 250 can utilize user database 450 to verify that computer 210 is authorized to receive a media play list. If client computer 210 is not authorized, web server 250 can initiate client registration, as described herein. Additionally, web server 250 can disconnect computer 210 or redirect it to an alternative web site. Regardless, if the user and client computer system 210 are not authorized, web server 250 will not provide the requested play list to client computer system 210.

[0078] However, if client computer system 210 is authorized, web server 210 can check copyright compliance mechanism 300 within data base 450 to determine if it, or any of the components therein, have been updated since the last time client computer system 210 logged in to web server 250. If a component of CCM 300 has been updated, web server 250 can install the updated component and/or a more current version of CCM 300 into client computer system 210, e.g., via Internet 201. If CCM 300 has not been updated, web server 250 can then deliver the requested media play list to system 210 via Internet 201 along with an appended user key or user identification (ID). It is noted that user database 450 can also include data for one or more media play lists that can be utilized to provide a media play list to client computer system 210. Subsequently, the user of client computer system 210 can utilize the received media play list in combination with the media player application operating on system 210 to transmit a delivery request for one or more desired pieces of media content from web server 250. It is noted that the delivery request contains the user key for validation purposes.

[0079] Still referring to FIG. 4, upon receiving the media content delivery request, web server 250 can then check the validity of the requesting media application and the attached user key. In one embodiment, web server 250 can utilize user database 450 to check their validity. If either or both are invalid, web server 250, in one embodiment, can redirect unauthorized client computer system 210 to an alternative destination to prevent abuse of the system. However, if both the requesting media application and the user key are valid, CCM 300 verifies that skins 306 are installed in client computer system 210. Additionally, CCM 300 further verifies that system hook(s) 305 have been run or are running to govern certain functions of those media player applications operable within client computer system 210 that are known to provide non-compliance with the DMCA and/or the RIAA. Additionally, CCM 300 further diverts and/or redirects certain pathways that are commonly used for recording, e.g., driver 307 of FIG. 5A, device 310 of FIG. 5B, and device 570 of FIG. 5C.. Once CCM 300 has performed the above described functions, web server 250 then, in one embodiment, issues to the client computer 210 a redirect command to the current address location of the desired media file content along with an optional time sensitive access key, e.g., for that hour, day, or other defined timeframe.

[0080] In response to the client computer system 210 receiving the redirect command from web server 250, the media player application operating on client computer system 210 automatically transmits a new request and the time sensitive access key to content server 251 for delivery of one or more desired pieces of media content. The validity of the time sensitive access key is checked by content server 251. If invalid, unauthorized client computer 210 is redirected by content server 250 to protect against abuse of the system and unauthorized access to content server 251. If the time sensitive access key is valid, content server 251 retrieves the desired media content from content database 451 and delivers it to client computer system 210. It is noted that, in one embodiment, the delivered media content can be stored in hidden directories and/or custom file systems that may be hidden within client computer system 210 thereby preventing future unauthorized distribution. In one embodiment, an HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) file delivery system is used to deliver the requested media files, meaning that the media files are delivered in their entirety to client computer system 210, as compared to streaming media which delivers small portions of the media file.

[0081] Still referring to FIG. 4, it is noted that each media file has, in one embodiment, had a header attached therewith prior to delivery of the media file. In one embodiment, the header can contain information relating to the media file, e.g., title or media ID, media data such as size, type of data, and the like. The header can also contain a sequence or key that is recognizable to copyright compliance mechanism 300 that identifies the media file as originating from a content server 251. In one embodiment, the header sequence/key can also contain instructions for invoking the licensing agreements and/or copyright restrictions that are applicable to that particular media file.

[0082] Additionally, if licensing agreements or copyright restrictions are changed, developed, or created, or if new media player applications, with or without recording functionality, are developed, CCM 300 would have appropriate modifications made to portions of components, entire components, combinations of components, and/or the entire CCM 300 to enable continued compliance with licensing agreements and copyright restrictions. Furthermore, subsequent to modification of copyright compliance mechanism 300, modified portions of, or the entire updated CCM 300 can easily be installed in client computer system 210 in a variety of ways. For example, the updated CCM 300 can be installed during client interaction with web server 250, during user log-in, and/or while client computer system 210 is receiving the keyed play list.

[0083] Referring still to FIG. 4, it is further noted that, in one embodiment, the media files and attached headers can be encrypted prior to being stored within content server 251. In one embodiment, the media files can be encrypted utilizing randomly generated keys. Alternatively, variable length keys can be utilized for encryption. It is noted that the key to decrypt the encrypted media files can be stored in a database 450, content database 451 or in some combination of databases 450 and 451. It is further noted that the messages being passed back and forth between client computer system 210 and web server 250 can also be encrypted, thereby protecting the media files and the data being exchanged from unauthorized use or access. There are a variety of encryption mechanisms and programs that can be implemented to encrypt this data including, but not limited to, exclusive OR, shifting with adds, public domain encryption programs such as Blowfish, and non-public domain encryption mechanisms. It is also noted that each media file can be uniquely encrypted, such that if the encryption code is cracked for one media file, it is not applicable to other media files. Alternatively, groups of media files can be similarly encrypted. Furthermore, in another embodiment, the media files may not be encrypted when being delivered to a webcaster known to utilize a proprietary media player application, e.g., custom media device driver 307.

[0084] Subsequent to media file decryption, the media file may be passed through CCM 300, e.g., a coder/decoder 303, to a media player application operating on client computer system 210, e.g. playback application 501 of FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 6A, which can then access and utilize the delivered high fidelity media content, enabling its user(s) to experience the media content, e.g., listen to it, watch it, view it, or the like. In one embodiment of the present invention, a specialized or custom media player may or may not be required to experience the media content, e.g., skin 306 of FIG. 3. A skin 306 may be necessary when CCM 300 cannot modify an industry standard media player application to comply with copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements in accordance with the DMCA. Alternatively, an industry standard media player can be utilized by client computer system 210 to experience the media content. Typically, many media player applications are available and can include, but are not limited to, Windows Media Player for PCs (personal computers), iTunes Player or QuickTime for Apple computers, and XMMS player for computers utilizing a Linux operating system. Regardless of the media player application utilized, while the media file is passed to the media player application, e.g., in a frame by frame basis or in a buffer, coder/decoder 303 will repeatedly ensure that CCM 300 rules are being enforced at any particular moment during media playback, shown as step 650 of FIG. 6C.

[0085] As the media file content is delivered to the media player application, periodically, e.g., after a specified number of frames, after a defined period of time, or any desired time or data period, coder/decoder 303 repeatedly determines whether or not all the rules are enforced, in accordance with rules as defined by CCM 300. If the rules are not enforced, e.g., change due to a user opening up a recording application, e.g., Total Recorder or alternative application, the presentation of the media content is, in one embodiment, suspended or halted. In another embodiment, the presentation of the media content can be modified to output the media content non audibly, e.g., silence. In yet another embodiment, the media content may be audible but recording functionality can be disabled, such that the media content cannot be recorded. These presentation stoppages are collectively shown as step 651 of FIG. 6C.

[0086] If the rules, in accordance with CCM 300, are enforced, the codec/decoder 303 retrieves a subsequent portion of the media content that is stored locally in client computer system 210. The newly retrieved portion of the media file is then presented by the client's media player application. While the newly retrieved portion is presented, CCM 300 then again checks that the rules are enforced, and retrieves an additional portion of the media file or suspends presentation of the media file is the rules are not being enforced, and these steps are performed repeatedly throughout the playback of the media file, in a loop environment, until the media file's contents have been presented in their entirety. Advantageously, by constant monitoring during playing of media files, CCM 300 can detect undesired activities and enforces those rules as defined by CCM 300.

[0087] FIG. 5A is an exemplary logic/bit path block diagram 500A showing utilization of a wave shim driver, e.g., wave shim driver 309 of FIG. 3, in conjunction with copyright compliance mechanism 300, for selectively controlling recording of copyrighted media received by a client computer system, e.g., system 210, in one embodiment of the present invention. Copyright compliance mechanism 300 is, in one embodiment, installed and operational on client system 210 in the manner described herein.

[0088] In one embodiment, a copyright compliance mechanism 300 is shown as being communicatively coupled with a media playback application 501 via connection 520. Therefore, CCM 300 is enabled to communicate with playback application 501. In one embodiment, CCM 300 can be integrated into a media playback application. CCM 300 is also coupled to and controls a selectable switch 311 in wave shim driver 309 (as described in FIG. 3) via connection 522. CCM 300 is further coupled to and controls a selectable switch 511 in direct sound 504 via connection 521. Depending upon the copyright restrictions and licensing agreements applicable to an incoming media file, e.g., 499, CCM 300 controls whether switches 311 and 511 are open (shown), thus preventing incoming media 499 from reaching a media recording application, or closed (not shown) to allow recording of incoming media 499.

[0089] For example, incoming media 499 may originate from a content server, e.g., 251, coupled to system 210. In another example, incoming media 499 may originate from a personal recording/electronic device, e.g., a MP3 player/recorder or similar device, coupled to system 210. Alternatively, incoming media 499 may originate from a magnetic, optical or alternative media storage device inserted into a media device player coupled to system 210, e.g., a CD or DVD inserted into a CD or DVD player, a hard disk in a hot swappable hard drive, an SD (secure digital card) inserted into a SD reader, and the like. In yet another example, incoming media 499 may originate from another media player application or media recording application. It is noted that incoming media 499 can originate from nearly any source that can be coupled to system 210. However, regardless of the source of incoming media 499, embodiments of the present invention, described herein, can prevent unauthorized recording of the media.

[0090] FIG. 5A shows a media playback application 501, e.g., an audio, video, or other media player application, operable within system 210 and configured to receive incoming media 499. Playback application 501 can be a playback application provided by an operating system, e.g., Media Player for Windows by Microsoft, a freely distributed playback application downloadable from the Internet, e.g., RealPlayer or LiquidAudio, a playback application provided by a webcaster, e.g., PressPlay, or a playback application commercially available.

[0091] FIG. 5A shows media device driver 505 which, in one implementation, may be a software driver for a sound card coupled to system 210 having a media output device 570, e.g., speakers or headphones, coupled therewith for media files having audio content. In another implementation, media device driver 505 may be a software driver for a video card coupled with a display device, e.g., 105, for displaying media files having alphanumeric and/or graphical content, and so on. With reference to audio files, it is well known that a majority of recording applications assume a computer system, e.g., 210, has a sound card disposed therein, providing full-duplex sound functionality to system 210. This means media output driver 505 can simultaneously cause playback and recording of incoming media files 499. For example, media device driver 505 can playback media 499 along wave-out line 539 to media output device 570 (e.g., speakers for audible playback) via wave-out line 580 while outputting media 499 on waveout line 540 to eventually reach recording application 502.

[0092] For purposes of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, the terms wave-in line and wave-out line are referenced from the perspective of media device driver 505. Additionally, for the most part, wave-in lines are downwardly depicted and wave-out lines are upwardly depicted in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C.

[0093] Continuing with FIG. 5A, playback application 501 is coupled with an operating system (O/S) multimedia subsystem 503 and direct sound 504 via wave-in lines 531 and 551 respectively. O/S multimedia subsystem 503 is coupled to a wave shim driver 309 via wave-in line 533 and wave-out line 546. O/S multimedia subsystem 503 is also coupled to a recording application 502 via wave-out line 548. Operating system (O/S) multimedia subsystem 503 can be any O/S multimedia subsystem, e.g., a Windows multimedia subsystem for system 210 operating under a Microsoft O/S, a QuickTimeT multimedia subsystem for system 210 operating under an Apple O/S, and so on. Playback application 501 is also coupled with direct sound 504 via wave-in line 551.

[0094] Direct sound 504, in one instance, may represent access to a hardware acceleration feature in a standard audio device, enabling lower level access to components within media device driver 505. In another instance, direct sound 504 may represent a path that can be used by a recording application, e.g., Total Recorder, that can be further configured to bypass the default device driver, e.g., media device driver 505 to capture incoming media 499 for recording. For example, direct sound 504 can be enabled to capture incoming media 499 via wave-in line 551 and unlawfully output media 499 to a recording application 502 via wave-out line 568, as well as media 499 eventually going to media device driver 505, the standard default driver.

[0095] Still referring to FIG. 5A, wave shim driver 309 is coupled with media device driver 505 via wave-in line 537 and wave-out line 542. Media device driver 505 is coupled with direct sound 504 via wave-in line 553 which is shown to converge with wave-in line 537 at media device driver 505. Media device driver 505 is also coupled with direct sound 504 via wave-out line 566.

[0096] Wave-out lines 542 and 566 are shown to diverge from wave-out line 540 at media device driver 505 into separate paths. Wave-out line 542 feeds into wave shim driver 309 and wave-out line 566 feeds into direct sound 504. When selectable switch 311 and 511 are open (shown), incoming media 499 cannot flow to recording application 502, thus preventing unauthorized recording of it.

[0097] For example, incoming media 499 is received at playback application 501. Playback application 501 activates and communicates to CCM 300 regarding copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements applicable to incoming media 499. If recording restrictions apply to media 499, CCM 300 can, in one embodiment, open switches 311 and 511, thereby blocking access to recording application 502, effectively preventing unauthorized recording of media 499. In one embodiment, CCM 300 can detect if system 210 is configured with direct sound 504 selected as the default driver to capture incoming media 499, via wave-in line 551, or a recording application is detected and/or a hardware accelerator is active, such that wave driver shim 309 can be bypassed by direct sound 504. Upon detection, CCM 300 can control switch 511 such that the output path, wave-out line 568, to recording application 502 is blocked. It is further noted that CCM 300 can detect media recording applications and devices as described herein, with reference to FIG. 3.

[0098] Alternatively, if media device driver 505 is selected as the default driver, incoming media 499 is output from playback application 501 to O/S multimedia subsystem 503 on wave-in line 531. From subsystem 503, media 499 is output to wave shim driver 309 via wave-in line 533. The wave shim driver 309 was described herein with reference to FIG. 3. Media 499 is output from wave shim driver 309 to media device driver 505 via wave-in line 537. Once received by media device driver 505, media 499 can be output via wave-out line 539 to a media output device 570 coupled therewith via wave-out line 580. Additionally, media device driver 505 can simultaneously output media 499 on wave-out line 540 back to wave shim driver 309. Dependent upon recording restrictions applicable to media 499, CCM 300 can, in one embodiment, close switch 311 (not shown as closed), thereby allowing media 499 to be output from wave shim driver 309 to subsystem 503 (via wave-out line 546) and then to recording application 502 via wave-out line 548. Alternatively, CCM 300 can also open switch 311, thereby preventing media 499 from reaching recording application 502.

[0099] It is particularly noted that by virtue of CCM 300 controlling both switches 311 and 511, and therefore controlling wave-out line 548 and wave-out line 568 leading into recording application 502, incoming media files, e.g., media 499, can be prevented from being recorded in an unauthorized manner in accordance with applicable copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements related to the incoming media. It is also noted that embodiments of the present invention in no way interfere with or inhibit the playback of incoming media 499.

[0100] FIG. 5B is an exemplary logic/bit path block diagram 500B of a client computer system, e.g., 210, configured with a copyright compliance mechanism 300 for preventing unauthorized recording of copyrighted media according to an embodiment of the present invention. Copyright compliance mechanism 300 is, in one embodiment, coupled with and operational on client system 210 in the manner with reference to FIGS. 4, 5A, 6, and 7.

[0101] Diagram 500B of FIG. 5B is similar to diagram 500A of FIG. 5A, with a few changes. Particularly, diagram 500B includes a custom media device 310 communicatively interposed between and coupled to O/S multimedia subsystem 503 and wave shim driver 309. Custom media device 310 is coupled to O/S multimedia subsystem via wave-in line 533 and wave-out line 546. Custom media device 310 is coupled with wave shim driver 309 via wave-in line 535 and wave-out line 544. Additionally, custom media device 310 is coupled with direct sound 504 via wave-in line 553 which converges with wave-in line 533 and wave-out line 566 which diverges from wave-out line 546, in one embodiment.

[0102] Also added to FIG. 5B is a media hardware output device 570 that is coupled to media device hardware driver 505 via line 580. Media hardware output device 570 can be , but is not limited to, a sound card for audio playback, a video card for video, graphical, alphanumeric, etc, output, and the like.

[0103] In one embodiment, CCM 300 is communicatively coupled with playback application 501 via connection 520, waveform driver shim 309 via connection 522, and custom media device 310, via connection 521. CCM 300 is coupled to and controls a selectable switch 311 in waveform driver shim 309 via connection 522. CCM 300 is also coupled to and controls a selectable switch 312 in custom audio device 310 via connection 521. Depending upon the copyright restrictions and licensing agreements applicable to an incoming media file, e.g., media 499, CCM 300 controls whether switches 311 and 312 are open (shown), thus preventing the incoming media 499 from reaching a recording application, or closed (not shown) so as to allow recording of the incoming media 499.

[0104] Continuing with FIG. 5B, direct sound 504 is shown coupled with custom media device 310 via wave-in line 553, instead of being coupled with media device driver 505 (FIG. 5A). In one embodiment, custom audio device 310 mandates explicit selection through system 210, meaning that custom audio device 310 needs to be selected as a default driver of system 210. By virtue of having the selection of custom media device 310 as the default driver of system 210, the data path necessary for direct sound 504 to capture the media content is selectively closed.

[0105] For example, incoming media 499 originating from nearly any source with reference to FIG. 5A is received by media playback application 501 of system 210. Playback application 501 communicates to CCM 300, via connection 520, to determine whether incoming media 499 is protected by any copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements. Playback application 501 communicates with CCM 300 to control switch 311 and 312 accordingly. In the present example, recording of incoming media 499 would violate applicable restrictions and/or agreements and therefore switch 312 is in an open position, such that the output path to recording application 502, e.g., wave-out line 548 and/or wave-out line 568, is effectively blocked, thereby preventing unauthorized recording of media 499.

[0106] Alternatively, if media device driver 505 is selected as the default driver, incoming media 499 continues from O/S multimedia subsystem 503, through custom audio device 310, wave driver shim 309, and into media device driver 505 where media 499 can be simultaneously output to media output device 570 via line 580, and output on wave-out line 540 to wave-and outputted by media device driver 505 to wave shim driver 309 on wave-out line 542. However, by virtue of CCM 300 controlling switch 311, wave-out line 544 which eventually leads to recording application 502 is blocked, thus effectively preventing unauthorized recording of media 499.

[0107] It is particularly noted that by virtue of CCM 300 controlling both switches 311 and 312 and therefore controlling wave-out line 548 and wave-out line 568, any incoming media files, e.g., incoming media 499, can be prevented from being recording in an unauthorized manner in accordance with applicable copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements related to the incoming media.

[0108] Still referring to FIG. 5B, it is further noted that custom media device 310 allows for unfettered playback of incoming media 499. Additionally, at any time during playback of media 499, custom media device 310 can be dynamically activated by CCM 300.

[0109] FIG. 5C is an exemplary logic/bit path block diagram 500C of a client computer system, e.g., 210, configured with a copyright compliance mechanism 300 for preventing unauthorized output and unauthorized recording of copyrighted media according to an embodiment of the present invention. Copyright compliance mechanism 300 is, in one embodiment, coupled with and operational on client system 210 in the manner with reference to FIGS. 4, 5A, 5B, 6, and 7.

[0110] Diagram 500C of FIG. 5C is similar to diagram 500B of FIG. 5B, with a few changes. Particularly, diagram 500C includes a media hardware output device 570 that is coupled with a media device driver 505. In one embodiment, media hardware output device 570 can be a S/PDIF (Sony/Phillips Digital Interface) card for providing multiple outputs, e.g., an analog output 573 and a digital output 575. An alternative media hardware output device providing similar digital output can also be implemented as device 570 including, but not limited to, a USB (universal serial bus) output device and/or an externally accessible USB port located on system 210, a FireWire (IEEE1394) output device and/or an externally accessible FireWire port located on system 210, with wireline or wireless functionality. In the present embodiment, media hardware output device 570 is shown to include a switch 571 controlled by CCM 300 via communication line 523, similar to switches 311 and 312, for controlling output of incoming media 499.

[0111] In one embodiment, CCM 300 is communicatively coupled with playback application 501 via connection 520, waveform driver shim 309 via connection 522, custom media device 310, via connection 521, and media hardware output device 570 via connection 523. CCM 300 is coupled to and controls a selectable switch 311 in waveform driver shim 309 via connection 522. CCM 300 is also coupled to and controls a selectable switch 312 in custom audio device 310 via connection 521. CCM 300 is further coupled to and controls a selectable switch 571 in media hardware output device 570 via connection 523. Depending upon the copyright restrictions and licensing agreements applicable to an incoming media file, e.g., media 499, CCM 300 controls whether switches 311 and 312 are open (shown), thus preventing the incoming media 499 from reaching a recording application, or closed (not shown) so as to allow recording of the incoming media 499. Additionally, CCM 300 controls whether switch 571 is open (shown), thus preventing incoming media 499 from being output from digital output 575 of media hardware output device 570, or closed (not shown) to allow incoming media 499 to be output from media hardware output device 570.

[0112] By controlling media hardware output device 570, copyright compliance mechanism 300 can prevent unauthorized output of incoming media 499 to, e.g., a digital recording device that may be coupled with digital output 575 of media hardware output device 570. Accordingly, in one embodiment, CCM 300 is enabled to also detect digital recording devices that may be coupled to a digital output line, e.g., 571, of a media hardware output device, e.g., 570. Examples of a digital recording device that can be coupled to media hardware output device 570 can include, but is not limited to, mini-disc recorders, MP3 recorders, personal digital recorders, digital recording devices coupled with multimedia systems, and/or nearly any digital device that can capture an incoming media 499 being output from a media hardware output device 570, e.g. a sound card.

[0113] Continuing with FIG. 5C, direct sound 504 is shown coupled with custom media device 310 via wave-in line 553, instead of being coupled with media device driver 505 (FIG. 5A). In one embodiment, custom audio device 310 mandates explicit selection through system 210, meaning that custom audio device 310 is needs to be selected as a default driver of system 210. By virtue of having the selection of custom media device 310 as the default driver of system 210, the data path necessary for direct sound 504 to capture the media content is selectively closed.

[0114] For example, incoming media 499 originating from nearly any source with reference to FIG. 5A is received by media playback application 501 of system 210. Playback application 501 communicates to CCM 300, via connection 520, to determine whether incoming media 499 is protected by any copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements. Playback application 501 communicates with CCM 300 to control switch 311, 312, and 571 accordingly. In the present example, recording of incoming media 499 would violate applicable restrictions and/or agreements and therefore switch 312 is in an open position, such that the output path to recording application 502, e.g., wave-out line 548 and/or wave-out line 568, is effectively blocked, thereby preventing unauthorized recording of media 499.

[0115] Alternatively, if media device driver 505 is selected as the default driver, incoming media 499 continues from O/S multimedia subsystem 503, through custom audio device 310, wave driver shim 309, and into media device driver 505 where media 499 can be simultaneously output to media output device 570 via line 580, and output on wave-out line 540 to wave-and outputted by media device driver 505 to wave shim driver 309 on wave-out line 542. However, by virtue of CCM 300 controlling switch 311, wave-out line 544 which eventually leads to recording application 502 is blocked, thus effectively preventing unauthorized recording of media 499.

[0116] It is particularly noted that by virtue of CCM 300 controlling both switches 311 and 312 and therefore controlling wave-out line 548 and wave-out line 568, any incoming media files, e.g., incoming media 499, can be prevented from being recording in an unauthorized manner in accordance with applicable copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements related to the incoming media.

[0117] Still referring to FIG. 5C, it is particularly noted that although CCM 300 can prevent unauthorized recording of incoming media 499 by controlling switches 311 and 312, thus preventing incoming media 499 from reaching recording application 502, controlling switches 311 and 312 do nothing to prevent incoming media 499 from being captured by a peripheral digital device, e.g., a mini-disc recorder, etc., coupled to a digital output 575 of device 570. Thus, by also controlling the output, via digital output 575 of media hardware output device 570, through control of switch 571, CCM 300 can prevent unauthorized capturing of incoming media 499 during output, e.g., on a sound card for audio files, a video card for video and/or graphical files, regardless of whether incoming media 499 is received in a secure and encrypted manner. However, when switch 571 is in a closed position, incoming media 499 may be played back in an unfettered manner. Additionally, at any time during playback of media 499, switch 312 of custom media device 310, switch 311 of media device driver 309, and/or switch 571 of media hardware output device 570 can be dynamically activated by CCM 300.

[0118] FIG. 6A is an block diagram of a media file, e.g., incoming media 499, adapted to be received by a playback application, e.g., 501 of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, configured with an indicator 605 for enabling incoming media 499 to comply with rules according to the SCMS (serial copy management system). When applicable to a media file, e.g., 499, the SCMS allows for one copy of a copyrighted media file to be made, but not for copies of copies to be made. Thus, if incoming media 499 can be captured by a recording application, e.g., 502 of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and/or 5C, and/or a recording device, e.g. 529, and/or a peripheral recording device and/or a recording application coupled to a digital output of a media hardware output device, e.g., digital output 575 of media hardware output device 570 of FIGS. 5B and 5C, unauthorized copying and/or recording may be accomplished.

[0119] Playback application 501 is coupled with CCM 300 via communication line 520 in a manner analogous to FIGS. 5A, 5B and/or 5C. Although not shown in FIG. 6, it is noted that CCM 300 is also coupled to switches 311 and 511 as shown in FIG. 5A, switches 311 and 312 in FIG. 5B, and switches 311, 312, and 571 in FIG. 5C.

[0120] In one embodiment, an indicator 605 is attached to incoming media 499 for preventing unauthorized copying or recording in accordance with the SCMS. In one embodiment, indicator 605 can be a bit that may be transmitted prior to beginning the delivery of incoming media 499 to playback application 501. In another embodiment, indicator 605 may placed at the beginning of the bit stream of incoming media 499. In another embodiment, indicator 605 may be placed within a frame period of incoming media 499, e.g., every fifth frame, or any other desired frame period. In another embodiment, indicator 605 may be transmitted at a particular time interval or intervals during delivery of the media file, e.g. incoming media 499. Thus, indicator 605 may be placed nearly anywhere within or attached to the bit stream related to incoming media 499.

[0121] Indicator 605 may be comprised of various indicators, e.g., a level 0 indicator, a level 1 indicator, and a level 2 indicator, in one embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a level 0 indicator may be for indicating to CCM 300 that copying is permitted without restriction, e.g., incoming media 499 is not copyrighted or that the copyright is not asserted. In the present embodiment, a level 1 indicator may be for indicating to CCM 300 that one generation of copies of incoming media 499 may be made, such that incoming media 499 is an original copy and that one copy may be made. In the present embodiment, a level 2 indicator may be for indicating to CCM 300 that incoming media 499 is copyright protected and/or a copy thereof, and as such no digital copying is permitted.

[0122] For example, incoming media 499 is received by playback application 501. Application 501 detects an indicator 605 attached therewith, in this example, a level 2 bit is placed in the bit stream for indicating to CCM 300 that copying is not permitted.

[0123] For example, when CCM 300 is configured in system 210 such as that shown in FIG. 5A, in response to a level 2 indicator bit, CCM 300, while controlling the audio path, then activates switches 311 and 511 to prevent any recording of incoming media 499.

[0124] When CCM 300 is configured in system 210 such as that shown in FIG. 5B, in response to a level 2 indicator bit, CCM 300, while controlling the audio path, then activates switches 311 and 312 to prevent any recording of incoming media 499.

[0125] When CCM 300 is configured in system 210 such as that shown in FIG. 5C, in response to a level 2 indicator bit, CCM 300, while controlling the audio path, then activates switches 311, 312, and 571 to prevent any recording of incoming media 499.

[0126] It is noted that CCM 300 can activate or deactivate switches coupled therewith, as described herein with reference to FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, thereby funneling incoming media 499 through the secure media path, in this instance the audio path, to prevent unauthorized copying of incoming media 499. It is further noted that CCM 300 can detect media recording applications and devices as described herein, with reference to FIG. 3.

[0127] FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C, are a flowchart 700 of steps performed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention for controlling end user interaction of delivered electronic media. Flowchart 700 includes processes of the present invention which, in one embodiment, are carried out by processors and electrical components under the control of computer readable and computer executable instructions. The computer readable and computer executable instructions reside, for example, in data storage features such as computer usable volatile memory 104 and/or computer usable non-volatile memory 103 of FIG. 1. However, the computer readable and computer executable instructions may reside in any type of computer readable medium. Although specific steps are disclosed in flowchart 700, such steps are exemplary. That is, the present invention is well suited to performing various other steps or variations of the steps recited in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C. Within the present embodiment, it should be appreciated that the steps of flowchart 700 may be performed by software, by hardware or by any combination of software and hardware.

[0128] The present embodiment provides a mechanism for restricting recording of high fidelity media content delivered via one or more communication networks. The present embodiment delivers the high fidelity media content to registered clients while preventing unauthorized clients from directly receiving media content from a source database. Once the client computer system receives the media content, it can be stored in hidden directories and/or custom file systems that may be hidden to prevent subsequent unauthorized sharing with others. It is noted that various functionalities can be implemented to protect and monitor the delivered media content. For example, the physical address of the media content can be hidden from media content recipients. In another example, the directory address of the media content can be periodically changed. Additionally, an access key procedure and rate control restrictor can also be implemented to monitor and restrict suspicious media content requests. Furthermore, a copyright compliance mechanism, e.g., CCM 300, can be installed in the client computer system 210 to provide client side compliance with licensing agreements and copyright restrictions applicable to the media content. By implementing these and other functionalities, the present embodiment restricts access to and the distribution of delivered media content and provides a means for copyrighted media owner compensation.

[0129] It is noted that flowchart 700 is described in conjunction with FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5A, 5B, 5C, in order to more fully describe the operation of the present embodiment. In step 702 of FIG. 7A, a user of a computer system, e.g., 210, causes the computer to communicatively couple to a web server, e.g., 250, via one or more communication networks, e.g., Internet 201, and proceeds to attempt to log in. It is understood that the log in process of step 602 can be accomplished in a variety of ways in accordance with the present invention.

[0130] In step 704 of FIG. 7A, web server 250 accesses a user database, e.g., 450, to determine whether the user and the computer system 210 logging in are registered with it. If the user and computer system 210 are registered with web server 250, the present embodiment proceeds to step 714. However, if the user and computer system 210 are logging in for the first time, web server 250 can initiate a user and computer system 210 registration process at step 706.

[0131] In step 706, registration of the user and computer system 210 is initiated. The user and computer system registration process can involve the user of computer system 210 providing personal information including, but not limited to, their name, address, phone number, credit card number, and the like. Web server 250 can verify the accuracy of the information provided. Web server 250 can also acquire information regarding the user's computer system 210 including, but not limited to, identification of media players disposed and operable on system 210, a unique identifier corresponding to the computer system, etc. In one embodiment, the unique identifier corresponding to the computer system can be a MAC address. Additionally, web server 250 can further request that the user of computer system 210 to select a username and password.

[0132] In step 708 of FIG. 7A, subsequent to the completion of the registration process, web server 250 generates a unique user identification (ID) or user key associated with the user of client computer system 210. The unique user ID, or user key, is then stored by web server 250 in a manner that is associated with that registered user. Furthermore, one or more cookies containing that information specific to that user and the user's computer system 210, is installed in a non-volatile memory device, e.g., 103 and/or data storage device 108 of computer system 210. It is noted that the user ID and cookie can be stored in a hidden directory within one or more non-volatile memory devices within computer system 210, thereby preventing user access and/or manipulation of that information. It is further noted that if the unique user ID, or user key, has been previously generated for the user and computer 210 that initially logged-in at step 702, the present embodiment proceeds to step 714

[0133] In step 710, web server 250 verifies that the user ID and the cookie(s) are properly installed in computer system 210 and verifies the integrity of the cookie(s) and the user ID, thereby ensuring no unauthorized alterations to the user ID or the cookie has occurred. If the user ID is not installed and/or not valid, web server 250 can re-initiate the registration process at step 706. Alternatively, web server 250 can decouple computer system 210 from the network, thereby requiring a re-log in by the user of computer 210. If the cookie(s) and user ID are valid, the present embodiment proceeds to step 712.

[0134] In step 712 of FIG. 7A, web server 250 can install a version of a copyright compliance mechanism, e.g., 300, onto one or more non-volatile memory devices of computer system 210. Installing CCM 300 into user's computer system 210 can facilitate client side compliance with licensing agreements and copyright restrictions applicable to specific delivered copyrighted media content. At step 712, the components of CCM 300, such as instructions 301, coder/decoder (codec) 303, agent programs 304, system hooks 305, skins 306, and custom media device drivers 307 (e.g., custom media device 310 of FIGS. 5B and 5C), are installed in computer system 210, such as that shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C. In one embodiment, a hypertext transfer protocol file delivery system can be utilized to install CCM 300 into computer system 210. However, step 712 is well suited to install CCM 300 on computer system 210 in a wide variety of ways in accordance with the present embodiment. For example, CCM 300 can be installed as an integrated component within a media player application, media recorder application, and/or media player/recorder applications. Alternatively, CCM 300 can be installed as a stand alone mechanism within a client computer system 210. Additionally, CCM 300 can be installed as a stand alone mechanism and/or as part of a bundled application from a media storage device, e.g., a CD, a DVD, an SD, and/or as part of an installation package.

[0135] In step 714, web server 250 can request the previously established username and password of the user of client computer system 210. Accordingly, the user of client computer system 210 causes it to transmit to web server 250 the previously established username and password. Upon the receipt thereof, web server 250 may access a user database, e.g., 450, to determine their validity. If the usemame and password are invalid, web server 250 refuses access wherein flowchart 500 may be discontinued (not shown). Alternatively, if the username and password are valid, the present embodiment proceeds to step 716.

[0136] In step 716 of FIG. 7A, web server 250 can access media file database 450 to determine if copyright compliance mechanism 300 has been updated to reflect changes made to the DMCA (digital millennium copyright act) and/or to the interactive/non-interactive licensing agreements recognized by the DMCA. It is noted that alternative licensing agreements can be incorporated into copyright compliance mechanism 300. Advantageously, by providing a copyright compliance mechanism that can be readily updated to reflect changes in existing copyright restrictions and/or the introduction of other types of licensing agreements, and/or changes to existing media player applications, or the development of new media player applications, copyright compliance mechanism 300 can provide compliance with current copyright restrictions.

[0137] Continuing with step 716, if web server 250 determines that CCM 300, or components thereof, of computer 210 has been updated, web server 250 initiates installation of the newer components and/or the most current version of CCM 300 into computer system 210, shown as step 718. If web server 250 determines that the current version of CCM 300 installed on system 210 does not have to be updated, the present embodiment proceeds to step 720 of FIG. 7B.

[0138] In step 720 of FIG. 7B, the user of client computer system 210 causes it to transmit to web server 250, e.g., via Internet 201, a request for a play list of available media files. It is noted that the play list can contain all or part of the media content available from a content server, e.g., 251.

[0139] In step 722, in response to web server 250 receiving the play list request, web server 250 transmits to client computer system 210 a media content play list together with the unique user ID associated with the logged-in user. The user ID, or user key, can be attached to the media content play list in a manner invisible to the user. It is noted that the media content in content server 251 can be, but is not limited to, high fidelity music, audio, video, graphics, multimedia, alphanumeric data, and the like. The media content play list of step 720 can be implemented in diverse ways. In one example, web server 250 can generate a media content play list by combining all the available media content into a single play list. Alternatively, all of the media content titles, or different lists of titles, can be loaded from content server 251 and passed to a CGI (common gateway interface) program operating on web server 250 where the media titles, or differing lists of titles, can be concatenated into a single dimensioned array that can be provided to client computer system 210. It is understood that the CGI can be written in nearly any software computing language.

[0140] In step 724 of FIG. 7B, the user of client computer system 210 can utilize the received media content play list in conjunction with a media player application in order to cause client computer system 210 to transmit a request to web server 250 for delivery of desired media content, and wherein the user ID is automatically included therewith. The media content play list provided to client computer system 210 by web server 250 can enable the user to create one or more customized play lists by the user selecting desired media content titles. It is noted that a customized media play list can establish the media content that will eventually be delivered to client computer system 250 and the order in which the content will be delivered. Additionally, the user of client computer system 250 can create one or more customized play lists and store those play lists in system 250 and/or within web server 250. It is noted that a customized play list does not actually contain the desired media content titles, but rather the play list includes one or more identifiers associated with the desired media content that can include, but is not limited to, a song, an audio clip, a video clip, a picture, a multimedia clip, an alphanumeric document, or particular portions thereof. In another embodiment, the received media content play list can include a random media content delivery choice that the user of client computer system 210 can transmit to web server 250, with the user ID, to request delivery of the media content in a random manner.

[0141] In step 726, upon receiving the request for media content from client computer system 210, web server 250 determines whether the requesting media application operating on client computer system 210 is a valid media application. One of the functions of a valid media application is to be a player of media content as opposed to an application that downloads media content in an unauthorized or unregulated manner. If web server 250 determines that the media application operating on system 210 is not a valid media application, the present embodiment proceeds to step 727 which in one embodiment, redirects client computer system 210 to a web site where the user of system 210 can download a valid media player application or to a software application which can identify client computer system 210, log system 210 out of web server 250 and/or prevent future logging-in for a defined period of time, e.g., 15 minutes, an hour, a day, a week, a month, a year, or any specified amount of time. If web server 250 determines that the media application operating on system 210 is a valid media application, the present embodiment proceeds to step 728.

[0142] In step 728 of FIG. 7B, the present embodiment causes web server 250 to determine whether the user ID (or user key) that accompanied the media delivery request sent by client computer system 210 is valid. If web server 250 determines that the user ID is invalid, the present embodiment proceeds to step 729 where client computer system 210 can be logged off web server 250 or client computer system 250 can be returned to step 706 (of FIG. 7A) to re-register and to have another unique user ID generated by web server 250. It is noted that the order in which steps 726 and 728 are performed can be altered such that step 728 can be performed prior to step 726. If web server 250 determines that the user ID is valid, the present embodiment proceeds to step 730.

[0143] In step 730, prior to web server 250 authorizing the delivery of the redirect and access key for the requested media file content, shown as step 732, CCM 300 governs certain media player applications and/or functions thereof that are operable on client computer system 210. These governed functions can include, pause, stop, progress bar, save, etc. It is noted that, in one embodiment, CCM 300 can utilize system hooks 305 to accomplish the functionality of step 730.

[0144] In step 732 of FIG. 7C, the present embodiment causes web server 250 to transmit to client computer system 210 a redirection command along with a time sensitive access key (for that hour, day or for any defined period of time) thereby enabling client computer system 210 to receive the requested media content. The redirection command can include a time sensitive address of the media content location within content server 251. The address is time sensitive because, in one embodiment, the content server 251 periodically renames some or all of the media address directories, thereby making previous content source addresses obsolete. Alternatively, the address of the media content is changed. In another embodiment, the location of the media content can be changed along with the addresses. Regardless, unauthorized users and/or applications are restricted from directly retrieving and/or copying the media content from content server 251. Therefore, if someone with inappropriate or unlawful intentions is able to find where the media content is stored, subsequent attempts will fail, as the previous route no longer exists, thereby preventing future unauthorized access.

[0145] It is noted that in one embodiment of the present invention, the addresses (or routes) of content server 251 that are actively coupled to one or more client computer systems (e.g., 210-230) are maintained while future addresses, or routes, are being created for new client devices. It is further noted that as client computer systems are uncoupled from the media content source of content server 251, that directory address, or link, can be immediately changed, thereby preventing unauthorized client system or application access.

[0146] In another embodiment, the redirection of client computer system 210 to content server 251 can be implemented by utilizing a server network where multiple servers are content providers, (e.g., 251), or by routing a requesting client computer system (e.g., 210, 220, or 230) through multiple servers. In yet another embodiment, the delivery of media content from a central content provider (e.g., 251) can be routed through one or more intermediate servers before being received by the requesting client computer system, e.g., 210-230.

[0147] The functionality of step 732 is additionally well suited to provide recordation of the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of the client computer systems, e.g., 210, the media content requested and its transfer size, thereby enabling accurate monitoring of royalty payments, clock usage and transfers, and media content popularity.

[0148] In step 734 of FIG. 7C, upon receiving the redirection command, the present embodiment causes the media playback application 501 (FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C) operating on client computer system 210 to automatically transmit to content server 251 a new media delivery request which can include the time sensitive access key and the address of the desired media content.

[0149] In step 726 of FIG. 7C, content server 251 determines whether the time sensitive access key associated with the new media delivery request is valid. If content server 251 determines that the time sensitive access key is valid, the present embodiment proceeds to step 738 of FIG. 7C. However, if content server 251 determines that the time access key is not valid, the present embodiment proceeds to step 737, a client redirect.

[0150] In step 737, content server redirects client computer 210 to step 732 (not shown) where a new access key is generated. Alternatively, step 737 causes the present embodiment to return to step 704 of FIG. 7A. In yet another embodiment, step 737 causes client computer system 210 to be disconnected from content server 251.

[0151] In step 738 of FIG. 7C, content server 251 transmits the requested high fidelity media content to client computer system 210. It is noted that each media content file delivered to client computer system 210 can have a header attached thereto, prior to delivery, as described with reference to FIG. 4. It is further noted that both the media content and the header attached thereto can be encrypted. In one embodiment, the media content and the header can be encrypted differently. Alternatively, each media content file encrypted differently. In another embodiment, groups of media files are analogously encrypted. It is noted that public domain encryption mechanisms, e.g., Blowfish, and/or non-public domain encryption mechanisms can be utilized.

[0152] Still referring to step 738, content server 251 transmits the requested media content in a burst load (in comparison to a fixed data rate), thereby transferring the content to client computer system 210 as fast as the network transfer rate allows. Further, content server 251 can have its download rate adapted to be equal to the transfer rate of the network to which it is coupled. In another embodiment, the content server 251 download rate can be adapted to equal the network transfer rate of the client computer system 210 to which the media content is being delivered. For example, if client computer system 210 is coupled to Internet 201 via a T1 connection, then content server 251 transfers the media content at transmission speeds allowed by the T1 connection line. As such, once the requested media content is transmitted to client computer system 210, content server 251 is then able to transmit requested media content to another client computer system, e.g., 220 or 230. Advantageously, this provides an efficient means to transmit media content, in terms of statistical distribution over time and does not overload the communication network(s).

[0153] It is noted that delivery of the requested media content by content server 250 to client computer system 210 can be implemented in a variety of ways. For example, an HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) file transfer protocol can be utilized to transfer the requested media content as well as a copyright compliance mechanism 300 to client 210. In this manner, the copyright compliance mechanism as well as each media content file/title can be delivered in its entirety. In another embodiment, content server 251 can transmit to client computer system 250 a large buffer of media content, e.g., audio clips, video clips, and the like.

[0154] In step 740 of FIG. 7C, upon receiving the requested high fidelity media content from content server 251, the present embodiment causes client computer system 210 to store the delivered media content in a manner that is ready for presentation, e.g., play. The media content is stored in client computer system 210 in a manner that restricts unauthorized redistribution. For example, the present embodiment can cause the high fidelity media content to be stored in a volatile memory device, utilizing one or more hidden directories and/or custom file systems that may be hidden, where it may be cached for a limited period of time. Alternatively, the present embodiment can cause the high fidelity media content to be stored in a non-volatile memory device, e.g., 103 or data storage device 108. It is noted that the manner in which each of the delivered media content file(s) is stored, volatile or non-volatile, can be dependent upon the licensing restrictions and copyright agreements applicable to each media content file. It is further noted that in one embodiment, when a user of client computer system 210 turns the computer off or causes client computer system 210 to disconnect from the network, the media content stored in a volatile memory device is typically deleted therefrom.

[0155] Still referring to step 740, in another embodiment, the present embodiment can cause client computer system 210 to store the received media content in a non-volatile manner within a media application operating therein, or within one of its Internet browser applications (e.g., Netscape Communicator, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Opera, Mozilla, and the like) so that delivered media content can be used in a repetitive manner. Further, the received media content can be stored in a manner making it difficult for a user to redistribute in an unauthorized manner, while allowing the user utilization of the received media content, e.g., by utilizing one or more hidden directories and/or custom file systems that may also be hidden. It is noted that by storing media content with client computer system 210 (when allowed by applicable licensing agreements and copyright restrictions), content server 251 does not need to redeliver the same media content to client computer system 210 each time its user desires to experience (e.g., listen to, watch, view, etc.) the media content file.

[0156] In step 742 of FIG. 7C, the received media content file is then fed into a media player application (e.g., playback application 501 of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C), which then runs it through a codec, e.g., coder/decoder 303 of CCM 300, in one embodiment. In response, coder/decoder 303 sends an authorization request to the server, e.g., 251, with attached authorization data, as described herein. In response to receiving codec's 303 authorization request, server 251 compares the received authorization data with that stored in server 251, and subsequently, the present embodiment proceeds to step 744.

[0157] In step 744, the server 251 responds with a pass or fail authorization. If server 251 responds with a fail, such that the received authorization data is invalid, the present method can proceed to step 745, where server 251 can, in one embodiment, notify the user of client system 210, e.g., by utilization of skin 306, that there was an unsuccessful authorization of the requested media content file. It is noted that alternative messages having similar meanings may also be presented to the user of client computer system 210, thereby informing the user that the delivery failed. However, if the authorization data passes, the present method proceeds to step 746.

[0158] In step 746, server 251 transmits certain data back to the media player application which enables the media player application to present the contents of the media file via media playback application 501 of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C. In one embodiment, a decryption key can be included in the transmitted data to decrypt the delivered media content file. In another embodiment, an encryption/decryption key can be included in the transmitted data to allow access to the contents of the media file. The present method then proceeds to step 748.

[0159] In step 748 of FIG. 6C, subsequent to media file decryption, the media file may be passed through CCM 300, e.g., a coder/decoder 303, to a media player application operating on client computer system 210, e.g., playback application 501 of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, which can then access and utilize the delivered high fidelity media content, enabling its user(s) to experience the media content, e.g., listen to it, watch it, view it, or the like. In one embodiment of the present invention, a specialized or custom media player may be involved in order to experience the media content, e.g., skin 306 of FIG. 3. Skin 306 may be implemented when CCM 300 cannot modify an industry standard media player application to comply with copyright restrictions and/or licensing agreements in accordance with the DMCA. Alternatively, a specialized or custom media player may not be needed to experience the media content. Instead, an industry standard media player can be utilized by client computer system 210 to experience the media content. Typically, many media player applications are available and can include, but are not limited to, Windows Media Player for PCs (personal computers), iTunes Player or QuickTime for Apple computers, and XMMS player for computers utilizing a Linux operating system. Regardless of the media player application utilized, while the media file is passed to the media player application, e.g., in a frame by frame basis or in a buffer by buffer basis, coder/decoder 303 will repeatedly ensure that CCM 300 rules are being enforced at any particular moment during media playback, shown as step 750.

[0160] In step 750, as the media file content is delivered to the media player application, e.g., media player application 501 of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, periodically, e.g., after a specified number of frames, after a defined period of time, or any desired time or data period, coder/decoder 303 repeatedly determines whether or not all the rules are enforced, in accordance with rules as defined by CCM 300. If the rules are not enforced, e.g., change due to a user opening up a recording application (e.g., Total Recorder or alternative application) the present method proceeds to step 751. If the rules, in accordance with CCM 300, are enforced, the present method then proceeds to step 752.

[0161] In step 751 of FIG. 7C, if the rules according to CCM 300 are not enforced, the presentation of the media content is, in one embodiment, suspended or halted. In one embodiment, CCM 300 can selectively control switches 311 and 511 (FIG. 5A) to prevent output of incoming media 499 (FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C) to a recording application 502 (FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, via wave shim driver 309 and direct sound 504 respectively, thus preventing unauthorized recording of incoming media 499. In another embodiment, CCM 300 can selectively control switches 311 and 312 (FIG. 5B) to prevent output of incoming media 499 to recording application 502 via wave shim driver 309 and custom media device 310, thus preventing unauthorized recording of incoming media 499. In yet another embodiment, CCM 300 can selectively control switches 311, 312, to not only prevent incoming media 499 from being recorded in an unauthorized manner but can also selectively control switch 571 (FIG. 5C) to prevent unauthorized output of incoming media 499 via digital output 575 of media hardware output device 570. In one embodiment, incoming media 499 may not be output from digital output 575. In another embodiment, incoming media 499 may be output via digital output 575 but in an inaudible manner, e.g., silence. In yet another embodiment, incoming media 499 be audible but recording functionality can be disabled, such that the media content cannot be recorded.

[0162] In step 752, if the rules are enforced in accordance with CCM 300, coder/decoder 303 retrieves a subsequent portion of the media content that is stored locally in client computer system 210. The newly retrieved portion of the media file is then presented by the client's media player application, shown in the present method as step 748. While the newly retrieved portion is presented, embodiments of the present method then again perform step 750, then step 752 or 751, then step 748, then 750, etc., in a continual loop until the media file contents are presented in their entirety. Advantageously, by constantly monitoring playing media files, CCM 300 can detect undesired activities and enforce those rules defined by CCM 300.

[0163] FIG. 8 is a diagram of an exemplary high-speed global media content delivery system 800, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, system 800 can be utilized to globally deliver media content, e.g., audio media, video media, graphic media, multimedia, alphanumeric media, etc., to a client computer system, e.g., 210, 220, and/or 230, in conjunction with a manner of delivery similar to that described herein. In one embodiment, system 800 includes a global delivery network 802 that can include multiple content servers, e.g., 804, 806, 808, 810, 812, 814, and 816, that can be located throughout the world and which may be referred to as points of presence or media delivery point(s). Each of content server 804-816 can store a portion, a substantial portion, or the entire contents of a media content library that can be delivered to client computer systems via a network, e.g., Internet 201, or a WAN (wide area network). Accordingly, each of content server 804-816 can provide media content to of client computer systems in its respective vicinity in the world. Alternatively, each content server can provide media content to a substantial number of client computer systems

[0164] For example, a media delivery point (MDP) 816, located in Tokyo, Japan, is able to provide and deliver media content from the media content library stored in its content database, e.g., 451, to client computer systems within the Asiatic regions of the world while a media delivery point 812, located in New York City, N.Y., USA, is able to provide and deliver media content from its stored media content library to client devices within the Eastern United States and Canada. It is noted that each city name, e.g., London, Tokyo, Hamburg, San Jose, Amsterdam, or New York, associated with one of the media delivery points 804-816 represents the location of that particular media delivery point or point of presence. However, it is further noted that these city names are exemplary because media delivery points 804-816 can located anywhere within the world, and as such are not limited to the cities shown in global network 802.

[0165] Still referring to FIG. 8, it is further noted that global system 802 is described in conjunction with FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, in order to more fully describe the operation of embodiment of the present invention. Particularly, subsequent to a client computer system, e.g., client computer system 210 of FIG. 2, interacting with a web server, e.g., web server 250 of FIG. 2, as described herein, web server 250, in one embodiment, can redirect client computer system 210 to receive the desired media content from an MDP (e.g., 804-816) based on one or more differing criteria.

[0166] For example, computer system 210 may be located in Brattleboro, Vt., and its user causes it to log-in with a web server 250 which can be located anywhere in the world. It is noted that steps 702-730 of FIGS. 7A and 7B can then be performed as described herein such that the present embodiment proceeds to step 732 of FIG. 7C. At step 732, the present embodiment can determine which media delivery points, e.g., 804, 806, 808, 810, 812, 814, or 816, can subsequently provide and deliver the desired media content to client computer system 210.

[0167] Still referring to FIG. 8, one or more differing criteria can be utilized to determine which media delivery point to select for delivery of the desired media content. For example, the present embodiment can base its determination upon which media delivery point is in nearest proximity to client computer system 210, e.g., media delivery point 816. This can be performed by utilizing the stored registration information, e.g., address, provided by the user of client computer system 210. Alternatively, the present embodiment can base its determination upon which media delivery point provides media content to the part of the world in which client computer system is located. However, if each media delivery point (e.g., 804-816) stores differing media content, the present embodiment can determine which one can actually provide the desired media content. It is noted that these are exemplary determination criteria and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to such implementation.

[0168] Subsequent to determination of which media delivery point is to provide the media content to client computer system 210 at step 732, web server 250 transmits to client computer system 210 a redirection command to media delivery point/content server 812 along with a time sensitive access key, also referred to as a session key, (e.g., for that hour, day, or any defined time frame) thereby enabling client computer system 210 to eventually receive the requested media content. Within system 800, the redirection command can include a time sensitive address of the media content location within media delivery point 812. Accordingly, the New York City media delivery point 812 can subsequently provide and deliver the desired media content to client computer system 210. It is noted that steps 732-742 and step 737 of FIG. 7C can be performed by media delivery point 812 in a manner similar to content server 251 described herein.

[0169] Advantageously, by utilizing multiple content servers, e.g., media delivery point 804-816, to provide high fidelity media content to client computer systems, e.g., 210-230, located throughout the world, communication network systems of the Internet 201 do not become overly congested. Additionally, global network 802 can deliver media content to a larger number of client computer systems (e.g., 210-230) in a more efficient manner. Furthermore, by utilizing communication technology having data transfer rates of up to 320 Kbps (kilobits per second) or higher, embodiments of the present invention provide for rapid delivery of the media content in a worldwide implementation.

[0170] Referring still to FIG. 8, it is noted that media delivery points/content servers 804-816 of global network 802 can be coupled in a wide variety of ways in accordance with the present embodiment. For example, media delivery point 804-816 can be coupled utilizing wired and/or wireless communication technologies. Further, it is noted that media delivery points 804-816 can be functionally coupled such that if one of them fails, another media delivery point can take over and fulfill its functionality. Additionally, one or more web servers similar to web server 250 can be coupled to global network 802 utilizing wired and/or wireless communication technologies.

[0171] Within system 800, content server/media delivery point 804 includes a web infrastructure that, in one embodiment, is a fully redundant system architecture. It is noted that each MDP/content server 806-816 of global network 802 can be implemented to include a web infrastructure in a manner similar to the implementation shown in MDP 804.

[0172] Specifically, the web infrastructure of media delivery point 804 includes firewalls 818 and 820 which are each coupled to global network 802. Firewalls 818 and 820 can be coupled to global network 802 in diverse ways, e.g., utilizing wired and/or wireless communication technologies. Particularly, firewalls 818 and 820 can each be coupled to global network 702 via a 10/100 Ethernet handoff. However, system 800 is not limited in any fashion to this specific implementation. It is noted that firewalls 818 and 820 are implemented to prevent malicious users from accessing any part of the web infrastructure of media del836, e.g., a router or other switching mechanism, coupled therewith and a DB (database) server 840 coupled to device 836 while firewall 820 includes a device 838, e.g., a router or other switching mechanism, coupled therewith and a DB (database) server 842 coupled to device 838. Furthermore, DB server 840 is coupled with device 838 and DB server 842 is coupled with device 836.

[0173] Still referring to FIG. 8, and within media delivery point 804, firewall 818 is coupled to a director device 822 which is coupled to internal web application server 826 and 828, and a hub server 830. Firewall 820 is coupled to a director 824 which is coupled to internal web application servers 826 and 828, and hub server 830. Hub server 830 can be implemented in a variety of ways including, but not limited to, as a Linux hub server. Hub server 780 is coupled to a data storage device 832 capable of storing media content. Data storage device 832 can be implemented in a variety of ways, e.g., as a RAID (redundant array of inexpensive/independent disks) appliance.

[0174] It is noted that media delivery points 804-816 can be implemented in any manner similar to content server 250 described herein. Additionally, media delivery points 804-816 of the present embodiment can each be implemented as one or more physical computing devices, e.g., computer system 100 of FIG. 1.

[0175] Advantageously, by providing a copyright compliance mechanism, e.g., 300, which can be easily and readily installed in a client computer system, e.g., 210, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented to control access to, control the delivery of, and control the user's experience with media content subject to copyright restrictions and licensing agreements, fore example, as defined by the DMCA. Additionally, by closely associating a client computer system, e.g., 210, with the user thereof, and the media content they receive, embodiments of the present invention further provide for accurate royalty recording.

[0176] The foregoing disclosure regarding specific embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.