Method and system for ambient air scenting and disinfecting based on flexible, autonomous liquid atomizer cartridges and an intelligent networking thereof

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for refreshing and disinfecting air streams. More particularly, the invention relates to refreshing and disinfecting air streams flowing into or through an environment or room by dispersing a fragrant disinfectant. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for refreshing and disinfecting air streams wherein a fragrance, a disinfectant, or other functional liquid is nebulized into an air stream, and the rate of nebulization of the liquid is controlled and determined by personal preferences of a user.

[0002] Moreover, in the present context, the term freshening means either scenting, disinfecting, or scenting and disinfecting, such as for an air stream or a body of air.

[0003] Note that for the purpose of this disclosure the terms nebulized and atomized will be considered equivalent and interchangeable.

[0004] Scenting and disinfecting of ambient air in human living spaces has been an endeavor since ancient times. Several natural fragrance molecules have both scenting as well as disinfecting properties. In modem times, man has invented many ways of introducing the comfort of improved ambient air in personal, housing and working environments. In recent decades, home and working environments have evolved into tighter closed air systems, which largely re-circulate stale air including airborne particles and microorganisms trapped within these closed environments. Consequently, these closed air environments serve as pockets of particle accumulation (e.g., dust and pollen) and provide a potential growth medium for pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Humans presently spend about 90% of their time inside enclosed spaces (i.e., rooms) in homes, hotels, offices, cars, airplanes, restaurants, etc. Much attention has been paid to determining the effects of indoor air quality on the health, comfort, and productivity of the inhabitants. Concepts such as Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and Perceived Air Quality have been developed and have become issues of concern to the scientific, technical and financial communities. It is noted that the general notion of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) includes the concepts of (a) ambient air scenting, (b) combating odors and (c) disinfecting. The present invention endeavors to provide an air refreshing solution addressing these issues.

[0005] To address the problems inherent to recirculating particle laden and microbe bearing air, the air-conditioning system was recognized early as a means of introducing deodorants, insecticides, moisturizers, bactericides, etc., into an air conditioning stream and thus treating ambient air. One such air-conditioning system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,044,276 to Kauten.

[0006] More recent developments relate to dispersing volatiles (i.e., deodorants, insecticides, moisturizers, bactericides, etc.) into the air by the use of a so-called ion wind or ion drag which causes the molecules of the volatiles to be charged and to attach to other particles or bodies in the air such as dust, microorganisms or insects, but also to carpets, furniture, people and pets. (see WO 00/38512).

[0007] The combination of antimicrobial and scenting or flavoring capability in industrial compounds has also been previously disclosed as, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,888 to Lupo et al.

[0008] Most recently, environmental concerns have attracted attention to the quality of ambient air in general, and HVAC systems in particular. Microorganisms, such as mold spores and bacteria, develop well within an environment which is prone to condensation by providing moisture and warmth, and which offers a lot of dead volume or space to settle in. However, a significant number of these microorganisms become airborne during the inherent carrier function of HVAC systems. Consequently, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a significant amount of human respiratory problems are related to indoor air pollution (EPA Document Reference Number 402-R-94-007, 1994 and many others).

[0009] The term air quality can be more broadly interpreted, however. In addition to considering the numbers of particles and microbes in the air, air quality also relates in scope to encompass a more hedonistic component of air quality such as air scenting for providing relaxing, stimulating, romantic, etc., characteristics or simply for combating bad odors. Consequently many developments relate to this field of endeavor, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,267,297 B1 to Contadini et al; U.S. Pat. No. 5,178,327 to Palamand et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,247 to Rossman et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,859 to Tobin et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,342,584 to Fritz et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,182 to Steiner et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,869 to Stumpf et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,582 to Holzner et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,038,972 to Muderlak et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 3,677,441 to Nixon et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,409 to Watkins.

[0010] Most of these disclosed systems rely on some method of controlled scent release by actuation of aerosol cans, by venting air over gel-containing cartridges, or by evaporating scented liquids. More recently disclosed documents teach the use of modern dispensing methods for various liquid substances, which avoid the use of propellant gases. Indeed, some aerosol propellants may negatively affect air quality because their Volatile Organic Component (VOC) content and impact may raise related health questions in a manner similar to problems raised with chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), which were previously used as propellants. Methods and apparatuses that avoid the use of propellant gases include U.S. Pat. No. 5,529,005 to Gueret, U.S. Pat. No. 6,293,474 B1 to Helf et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,938,117 to Ivri; U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,219 B1 to Hess et al., and more recently EP 01 121 075.4, to Hess et al. These various patents disclose the use of piezo-electric actuation in various configurations to effectively expel liquids without the use of propellants. The advantage of these piezo-electric systems is the excellent rendering and dispersion of scents by expelling small volumes of unaltered liquid substance into the ambient air followed by the efficacious diffusion of the scents due to the production of a large number of extremely small liquid droplets, which dramatically reduces the amount of both fragrance and solvent needed to provide a given scenting result, when compared to the other methods mentioned above. The main problem remaining with most of the devices above, however, is that reliable priming is not achieved and that these devices do not have the ability to function properly in every position within the realm of three-dimensional movement. In addition, the prior art piezoelectric scenting devices do not reliably operate over a wide range of viscosities and surface tensions of the liquid to be expelled by the piezoelectric element. Furthermore, the prior art devices have not been able to mix nebulizable liquids from multiple separate source reservoirs.

[0011] Consequently, many desirable liquids used in the piezoelectric prior art devices require the addition of a solvent or solvents in order to be sprayed by these devices. The result of using a solvent is that, at least to some degree, there remain health and air quality issues when a solvent is used. For example, Martens et al. teach, in document WO 00/47335, that the viscosity and surface tension of a liquid to be dispensed can be controlled by adding certain solvents, thereby providing a method of improving the dispensing action of piezo-actuated systems. Although it may be difficult to avoid such solvents completely in order to adequately disperse certain liquids, it is a reasonable objective to minimize the use of solvents.

[0012] Further sophisticated techniques and devices directed to ambient air scenting and disinfecting are disclosed in other documents which teach the use of modern electronics in circuits essentially used in the methods of timing, sequencing and dosing of a dispensed medium into various ambient living environments such as home care environments, home entertainment environments, scenting in cars, shopping, lodging, and public entertainment environments. In some cases, scent sensors are used in the electronic control circuitry of the scenting and air freshening devices in order to control the release of the scents and their intensity in the respective environment as disclosed in French document FR 98 04156 to Moy et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,409 to Watkins; European document EP 0 831 384 A1 to Muyarama et al.; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,832,320 and 5,760,873, both to Wittek; and European document EP 00 118 715.2 and corresponding U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/942,118, both to Hess et al. Specifically, EP 00 118 715.2 (published by the European Patent Office as document EP 1 184 083 A1) and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/942,118 are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein.

[0013] Another problem with some of the disclosed prior devices and systems is that they are subject to condensation effects due to extensive ducting, which inevitably occurs as a result of ambient temperature differences, condensation in ducts, pollution or contamination caused by growth of micro-organisms, etc. Another problem with some of the prior devices is that they are cumbersome to program and difficult to install or to network in a modem living, lodging or entertainment environment. Some prior devices have the drawback that they rely on artifacts, such as autonomous heating or ventilation processes, in the immediate vicinity of the dispensing unit. Some prior devices do not offer enough structural flexibility in order to satisfy the need for both a desired functionality and attractive design. Another major drawback with the prior devices is that all are very much orientation or position dependent. Yet another common drawback to the prior devices is that the control functions are more or less reduced to timing and sequencing of the scenting activity, which leaves the user little or no possibility to treat different scents in a different way according to his or her environment and his or her own sensitivity. In other words, the prior devices generally do not permit preferential selection of a particular scent in response to environmental parameters and/or the personal preference of the user at a particular time.

[0014] Another drawback with most of the prior devices is that they do not meet the needs created by today's rapidly changing environmental entertainment technologies. For instance, the home environment as well as the working, lodging and entertainment environments are rapidly changing to provide new entertainment and work tools that are readily available to a growing on-line population of information technology users in the home and outside of the home through the use of narrow- and broadband wireless systems, web-appliances, portable communication systems, PDA's, PC's, etc., that include separate and new smart wireless devices, net-meeting products, home video-meeting products, and products that permit downloading all sorts of entertainment pieces, etc. To a limited extent, the new demand for air scenting and refreshing in these entertainment and work environments has been partially addressed by devices disclosed in EP 0 714 709 A1 to Millet et al; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,832,320 and 5,760,873 to Wittek, and by the devices disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/942,118 and European document EP 00 118 715.2, both to Hess et al., but none of these devices introduces a user friendly, industrially applicable, practical and rapidly deployable solution to all of the aforementioned drawbacks and none allows the user to participate in an interactive manner with a network.

[0015] One attempt to provide ambient scenting to augment a theme of an entertainment environment is disclosed in WO 00209776, WO 00209773, WO 00209772, which relates scenting activity to a thematic sensory experience, such as experienced during music, graphic arts, theater and the like, by using a CD-like scent cartridge selection technology. However, the scenting technology used has been known for a long time and the disc-like arrangement is relatively rigid, and re-usable only at the disc level; thus giving the user little flexibility, albeit a lot of choices, as far as themes are concerned. It is unlikely that any individual user will like all of the 7 fragrances contained in the above rigidly arranged disk to the same degree so that all 7 fragrances will be used up in a similar manner and time frame. Most likely, only one or a few scents will be preferred, so that the corresponding scent-containing cartridges will be used up quickly, whereas one or a few other fragrances might not be liked at all. As can be easily appreciated, the preferential use of one or several fragrances will lead to the wasteful situation where the whole disk will be disposed of because the preferred fragrances have been exhausted and the remaining excess of the non-preferred fragrances with their solvent contents are left unused.

[0016] Consequently, there exists a need for a scenting and refreshing apparatus and method that overcomes the drawbacks of the prior devices and which satisfies the public need for wholesome air quality that is both safe and pleasing to the nose, and that provides a sense of personal comfort while addressing individual personal preferences. Specifically, there is a need for a scenting and refreshing apparatus and method that hedonistically augments air quality and which can be applied to the recent emergence of entertainment and work environments associated with web appliances, portable electronic devices, downloading of entertainment and work applications, and smart home environments.

[0017] It is therefore an objective of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks of the prior devices, which include excessive bulkiness, lack of flexibility, lack of modular and integrated packaging of cartridge and dispenser, lack of scenting and refreshing efficacy, lack of priming reliability, lack of an easy networking capability for programmable scenting or disinfecting capabilities, and lack of ease of use when dealing efficiently with habituation and the need to replace or exchange scents.

[0018] It a further object of the present invention to minimize the use of solvents as much as possible.

[0019] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a scenting and refreshing apparatus and method which allows freedom to apply the apparatus and method to a variety of air quality, safety, personal environment and entertainment oriented applications.

[0020] It is another object of the present invention to provide an air scenting and refreshing apparatus and method that involves the user in an interactive role as part of these air quality, safety, personal environment and entertainment-oriented applications.

[0021] It is yet another object of the air scenting and refreshing apparatus and method of the present invention to permit the user to create a network with a web appliance, portable electronic device, downloaded entertainment or work application, or a smart home environment that can be manipulated by the user to satisfy particular environmental and other preferences of the user.

[0022] It is yet another object of the air scenting and refreshing apparatus and method of the present invention to provide for maximum scent choice flexibility, on the one hand, while minimizing waste and use of harmful ingredients (e.g., solvents), on the other hand.

[0023] It is yet another object of the invention to provide an air scenting and refreshing apparatus that mixes two liquids together at the time of nebulization or just prior to the moment that the mixed liquids will be nebulized.

[0024] In accordance with the above objectives, the present invention provides, in a first preferred embodiment, an apparatus for freshening air, including: a base unit; a power supply operably connected to the base unit; a driving and switching circuit connected to be powered by the power supply; a first plug portion connected to the driving and switching circuit; and a detachable autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge detachably engagable with the first plug portion. The detachable cartridge has (a) a second plug portion matingly engagable with the first plug portion, (b) a first airless bag for storing a first nebulizable liquid (c) a second airless bag for storing a second nebulizable liquid, and (d) a casing enclosing the first bag and the second bag. A nebulizer is provided connected to each bag by a respective inlet of an interface, so that, when the nebulizer operates, and first and second nebulizable liquids are contained in the first and second bags, respectively, the first nebulizable liquid flows from the first bag and the second nebulizable liquid flows from the second bag, so that the first nebulizable liquid and the second nebulizable liquid are mixed in a space before being nebulized into a combined mist by the nebulizer. The nebulizer is electrically connected to the power supply and controlled by the driving and switching circuit when the second plug portion is matingly engaged to the first plug portion.

[0025] In accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first preferred embodiment is made to further comprise an interface that includes a first inlet that provides a path of egress for the first liquid and a second inlet that provides a path of egress for the second liquid, so that, when the nebulizer operates, and first and second nebulizable liquids are contained in the first and second bags, respectively, the first nebulizable liquid and the second nebulizable liquid flow from the first bag and the second bag, respectively, through the interface and into the nebulizer.

[0026] In accordance with third and fourth embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus of the first embodiment is made so that the nebulizer includes a nozzle membrane that has at least one nozzle sized to disperse droplets that are about 1-7 microns in diameter in the third embodiment and the nozzle membrane is made to have at least one nozzle sized to disperse droplets that are about 5-30 microns in diameter in the fourth preferred embodiment.

[0027] In a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention, to the elements of the second preferred embodiment is included a switch that is disposed in the driving and switching circuit, and electrically connected to the power supply, wherein the switch activates the nebulizer and the flow of the first nebulizable liquid and the second nebulizable liquid from the first airless bag and the second airless bag respectively through the interface and into the nebulizer.

[0028] In a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the switch of the apparatus of the fifth preferred embodiment is made to be operable by a remote unit. In a seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention, the remote unit of the sixth preferred embodiment is made to be a wireless control unit, a personal digital assistant, a cell phone, or a web-appliance.

[0029] In an eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the remote unit of the sixth preferred embodiment is made to include a turbulence sensor for sensing the flow of ambient air and a logarithmic gas sensor for detecting the combined concentration of the first nebulizable liquid and the second nebulizable liquid in the ambient air.

[0030] In a ninth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first preferred embodiment is made so that the first bag contains a first nebulizable liquid that is different from a second nebulizable liquid contained in the second bag.

[0031] In a tenth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ninth preferred embodiment is made so that the first nebulizable liquid is a primary fragrance and the second nebulizable liquid is a disinfectant.

[0032] In an eleventh preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ninth preferred embodiment is made so that the first nebulizable liquid is a primary fragrance and the second nebulizable liquid is an accord fragrance for aesthetically enhancing the primary fragrance.

[0033] In a twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second preferred embodiment is made so that the cartridge further comprises a third airless bag for storing a third nebulizable liquid and the interface further includes a third inlet corresponding to the third airless bag, wherein the third inlet provides a path of egress for the third liquid in the third bag so that when the nebulizer operates, the first, second and third nebulizable liquids flow through the interface and are mixed in the space before being nebulized into a combined mist by the nebulizer. In a thirteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention, to the cartridge of the twelfth embodiment is added a fourth airless bag for storing a fourth nebulizable liquid and the interface further includes a fourth inlet, wherein the fourth inlet provides a path of egress for the fourth liquid in the fourth bag so that when the nebulizer operates the first, second, third and fourth nebulizable liquids flow through the interface and are mixed in the space before being nebulized into a combined mist by the nebulizer.

[0034] In a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention, a system for refreshing air is provided that comprises at least two air refreshing apparatuses and a power supply. Each individual apparatus includes a base unit, wherein the power supply is operably connected to the base unit; a driving and switching circuit connected to be powered by the power supply; a first plug portion connected to the driving and switching circuit; and a detachable autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge detachably engagable with the first plug portion. The detachable cartridge includes (a) a second plug portion matingly engagable with the first plug portion, (b) a first airless bag for storing a first nebulizable liquid, (c) a second airless bag for storing a second nebulizable liquid, and (d) a casing enclosing the first bag and the second bag. A nebulizer is provided connected to each bag by a respective inlet of an interface, so that, when the nebulizer operates, and first and second liquids are contained in the first and second bags, respectively, the first nebulizable liquid flows from the first bag and the second nebulizable liquid flows from the second bag so that the first nebulizable liquid and the second nebulizable liquid are mixed in a space before being nebulized into a combined mist by the nebulizer. The nebulizer is electrically connected to the power supply and controlled by the driving and switching circuit when the electronic connector engages the cartridge.

[0035] In a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention, the system of the fourteenth embodiment is integrated into an HVAC system.

[0036] The sixteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for refreshing air comprising the steps of (a) providing at least one autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge having multiple airless bags, wherein each bag contains a nebulizable fluid and each bag is connected to an interface, and the interface is connected to a nebulizer, so that there is a path of egress from each bag to the nebulizer through which nebulizable fluid flows to the nebulizer; (b) flowing the nebulizable fluid from each bag to the nebulizer; (c) mixing the nebulizable fluid from each bag in a space to provide a mixed fluid; and (d) nebulizing the mixed fluid to provide a combined mist.

[0037] A seventeenth preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes the steps in accordance with the sixteenth preferred embodiment and further requires that the flow of nebulizable fluid is activated by a signal from a wireless control unit.

[0038] An eighteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes the steps in accordance with the sixteenth preferred embodiment and further requires that nebulizing of the mixed fluid is controlled to maintain a perceived air quality of the ambient air.

[0039] A nineteenth embodiment in accordance with the present invention provides an apparatus for freshening air that includes: a base unit having a recess configured to engage at least one cartridge; a power supply operably connected to the base unit; an active portion of a nebulizer, wherein the active portion includes a piezoelectric element connected to be driven by a driving and switching circuit connected to be powered by the power supply, wherein the active portion of the nebulizer is incorporated with the base unit; a detachable autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge detachably engagable with the recess of the base unit, wherein the cartridge comprises (a) a first airless bag for storing a first nebulizable liquid, (b) a second airless bag for storing a second nebulizable liquid, (c) a passive portion of the nebulizer, wherein the passive portion includes an interface; (d) a casing enclosing the first bag and the second bag, and housing the passive portion; wherein when the dispensing cartridge is engaged with the recess of the base unit, the passive portion is connected to the active portion of the nebulizer.

[0040] A twentieth embodiment in accordance with the present invention provides an electronic gaming device that includes: a body including a first port configured to engage a cartridge; a first detachable autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge detachably engagable with the first port of the body, wherein the first cartridge comprises: (a) a first airless bag for storing a first nebulizable liquid; and (b) a casing enclosing the first bag.

[0041] A twenty-first embodiment in accordance with the present invention provides a nebulizer array apparatus that includes: a first reservoir for storing a first nebulizable liquid; a plurality of nebulizers forming a nebulizer array; and a first capillary distributor array connected to the first reservoir so as to supply each one of the nebulizers with first liquid from the first reservoir.

[0042] A twenty-third embodiment in accordance with the present invention provides a method for refreshing air comprising the steps of: (a) providing at least one autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge having multiple airless bags, wherein each bag contains a different nebulizable fluid and each bag is connected to an interface, and the interface is connected to a nebulizer, so that there is a separate path of egress from each bag to the nebulizer through which nebulizable fluid flows to the nebulizer; (b) flowing the nebulizable fluid from each bag to the nebulizer so that the different nebulizable fluids do not mix before nebulization; and (c) mixing the nebulizable fluid from each bag by nebulizing each fluid to provide a combined mist.

[0043] Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments, which follows, when considered together with the attached drawings.

[0044] FIG. 1a shows a detailed schematic view of the first preferred embodiment of the apparatus in accordance with the present invention.

[0045] FIG. 1b shows a perspective view of one preferred construction of the liquid pathway in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 1c shows a perspective view of a portion of another preferred construction of the liquid pathway in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] FIG. 1d shows a plan view of the dual interface in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein inlets are covered by filters.

[0048] FIG. 2a shows a cross sectional view of a first interface structure between a piezo-atomizer and a dual airless bag cartridge.

[0049] FIG. 2b shows a cross sectional view of a second interface structure between the piezo-atomizer and the dual airless bag cartridge.

[0050] FIG. 2c shows a cross sectional view of third interface structure between the piezo-atomizer and the dual airless bag cartridge.

[0051] FIG. 3a shows one configuration for a portion of a nozzle membrane usable in the present invention.

[0052] FIG. 3b shows another configuration for a portion of the nozzle membrane usable in the present invention.

[0053] FIG. 4a shows the networked system for refreshing air as another embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] FIG. 4b shows a particular wireless control unit for use in the present invention.

[0055] FIG. 5 shows an apparatus for refreshing air in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein the cartridge has four airless bags.

[0056] FIG. 6 shows an electronic gaming device that nebulizes a liquid in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein the apparatus has a passive device cartridge that is separable from the base unit.

[0058] FIG. 8 shows a modification of the nozzle array that can be made to the apparatus of FIG. 7.

[0059] FIG. 9 shows a nebulizer array apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] FIG. 10 shows a multiple reservoir nebulizer array apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] The present invention is directed to an apparatus and a method for refreshing ambient air and/or air streams in an environment. Typically, the environment is a room or a finite space, or an air stream such as would be present in an HVAC duct or system, although the present invention is not limited to any one specific environment and can be practiced in relatively open areas. To facilitate an easy understanding of the present invention, the apparatus embodiments in accordance with the present invention will be described first with respect to the drawings, in which like numerals are used to identify like parts.

[0062] FIG. 1a schematically illustrates apparatus 1 for refreshing air, a free standing non-limiting preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this context, the term air may mean either a body of ambient air or an ambient air stream. Apparatus 1 generally includes a base unit 10 which is a housing, a power supply 14 connected to the base unit, and a driving and switching circuit 15 electrically connected to and powered by power supply 14, such as is disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application No. U.S. Ser. No. 09/942,118 and corresponding document EP 00 118 715.2, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Although power supply 14 is shown in FIG. 1a as an internal power supply, the invention is not limited to such and one skilled in the art would appreciate that the power supply could be a plug for connecting to an external power supply or a solar powered cell for example.

[0063] Driving and switching circuit 15 includes driver 15a for driving a nebulizer 20 that is connected to a dual autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge 22 via a dual interface 24, and a switch circuit 15b that has a receiving/transmitting portion 15c for receiving an activating electronic signal and transmitting a handshake feedback electronic signal, either wireless or via hard wire, wherein the activating electronic signal is used to activate the switch to start the driver 15a. The electrical circuit shown can preferably be connected to a sensor 16 for detecting, when the nebulizer 20 has run out of fluid to nebulize. Sensor 16 may be a simple fuse that overheats and burns out when nebulizer 20 runs out of liquid to nebulize. Sensor 16 is preferably constructed to be part of cartridge 22. When sensor 16 is activated, the driving and switching circuit 15 generates a handshake feedback signal, or in the alternative fails to generate a handshake feedback signal, that is transmitted via portion 15c to a controlling apparatus, as will be described later.

[0064] In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge 22 is formed integrally by attaching to the airless bags 40 to the interface 224 and nebulizer 20 to form a single integrated replaceable unit. Thus, when cartridge 22 is exhausted, it can be removed from the base unit 10 and replaced with a fresh cartridge. Cartridge 22 includes outer casing 30 that may have portions 30a and 30b for containing one or multiple airless bags 38 and nebulizer 20, respectively. Casing 30 has several access ports 34, and each port has one end 38a of a corresponding autonomous airless bag 38 disposed therein. In this context, the word autonomous is meant to convey that the airless bag cartridge is constructed so that the flow of a liquid stored in the bag is air-bubble proof (i.e., not significantly affected by air bubbles in the system) and independent of the position of the cartridge 22. The structure that achieves the autonomous result will be described later.

[0065] Casing 30 has disposed on its surface a plug portion 17a for matingly engaging, or plugging into, a corresponding plug portion 17b connected to driving and switching circuit 15. In this manner, it is possible to plug a cartridge 22 into the base unit 10, then unplug the cartridge and replace it with a new one when needed. Casing 30 also includes an opening 22c, so that a nebulized mist generated by the nebulizer 20 can escape the casing.

[0066] In each bag 38 there is a fluid 40 stored therein. Each bag 38 may contain the same identical nebulizable liquid; however, preferably, each bag contains a different nebulizable liquid. For example, one bag may contain a primary fragrance and another bag may contain a disinfectant or an insecticide. Another possibility is that one bag may contain a primary fragrance and the other bag may contain a secondary or accord fragrance for aesthetically augmenting the primary fragrance. The advantage of having different nebulizable liquids in each bag is that these different liquids can be mixed in a small internal space just prior to nebulization as will be discussed below. Thus, it becomes possible to nebulize liquids that could not be previously used due to storage incompatibility. In other words, some liquids can not be premixed and stored in a single airless bag because either the liquids will form a precipitate or one of the liquids may interfere or degrade the performance of another liquid when stored together.

[0067] In a preferred mode of practicing the invention, the fragrances chosen revolve around a central theme or olfactory chord consisting of a primary fragrance around which one or more supporting secondary or accord fragrances are added. For example, several exemplary fragrance themes include a floral theme, an oriental theme, and a chypre theme, although those skilled in the fragrance arts would appreciate that these examples are not limiting to the invention and that there are numerous other fragrance themes that can be used to practice the present invention. Thus, the central declination or primary fragrance would be contained in one of the airless bags. In another airless bag, the varietal declination or accord fragrance would be contained. For example, secondary accord fragrances such as floral fruity or floral green might be used to augment a primary floral fragrance. Likewise, accord fragrances such as oriental spicy and chypre fruity respectively could be used to augment corresponding primary oriental and primary chypre fragrances. In this manner, two airless bags can be used to provide a combination of relative fragrance intensities that can be formulated by the perfumer with unprecedented flexibility when mixing fragrances. Consequently, the dual airless bag cartridges in accordance with the present invention allow the user the ability to modulate and experiment with primary and secondary fragrance intensities according to the consumer's particular appreciation and taste. How this is specifically achieved is described later.

[0068] Although FIG. 1a illustrates a dual airless bag cartridge having two airless bags 38, the cartridge in accordance with the present invention can be practiced wherein the cartridge contains 2, 3, 4 or more airless bags. Preferably, each airless bag has an elongated shape, more cylindrical than spherical, because such an elongated shape has been found to (a) be less sensitive to ambient air pressure, (b) be more compact, (c) provide for a more rigid and durable bag, and (d) is easier to empty fully. The embodiment of the invention which has two bags includes the case where the cartridge has a single bag constructed to have two or more separate and distinct compartments. In other words, a plurality of bags can include a single bag with a plurality of compartments. Each compartment would then have its own corresponding end that is disposed in a respective access port of the casing. The remaining structure of the invention would be the same as is described below. By having one bag with multiple separate compartments, it is still possible to have mixing occur because nebulizable fluid from each compartment can travel through a separate path of egress and then mix in a small internal space prior to nebulization as is discussed below.

[0069] FIG. 5 illustrates an autonomous airless bag cartridge 122 that has outer casing 130 that has four access ports 34 and plug portion 17a, wherein each port receives one end of an airless bag 38 that is filled with a nebulizable liquid. It would be evident to one skilled in the art that all of the bags 38 could be filled with the same liquid, or each bag could be filled with a different nebulizable liquid than each one of the other bags, or some bags could have the same liquid as some other bags, or the liquid could be different from some of the other liquids contained in one of the other bags. Although not specifically shown, one skilled in the art could make and use the airless bag cartridge to have any number of airless bags or a single bag having any number of compartments. As would be evident from the embodiment of FIG. 5, the cartridge 122 would have a corresponding interface with four inlets used to connect the four airless bags 38 of cartridge 122 to the nebulizer 20.

[0070] Having described the dual autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge (i.e., detachable cartridge) in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is useful to describe the interface between the cartridge and the nebulizer. Specifically, FIGS. 1a and 2b illustrate the basic features of the interface 224. Inlets 250 are formed in the body of interface 224 so that each inlet provides a channel corresponding to one of the access ports 34. Preferably, each inlet 250 is beveled so that the circumference of the cross section of the inlet increases along the path of liquid flow. In this manner, a path of liquid egress is created from the interior of each airless bag 38, through a capillary tube or other short conduit 80 (see FIG. 1a), then through the corresponding inlet 250. Typically, the nebulizable liquid is pulled along the path of egress by capillary action, although one skilled in the art would appreciate that a micropump could be used. Once the nebulizable liquid 40 passes through inlet 250, the fluid enters a small internal space 254 for holding the liquid. Space 254 borders the actuator membrane 260 of the nebulizer 20. Nebulizer 20 includes nozzle membrane 62 and an electronically controlled piezo-atomizer 264. The actuator membrane 260 includes peripheral openings 260a and forms part of inlets 250 so that liquid can flow into space 254 from the airless bags 40. Typically, when the nebulizer 20 is in operation, a capillary pressure in the inlets 250 will be generated that will tend to draw liquid from each airless bag in the cartridge 22. In this manner, the liquids contained in the various cartridges 22 will mix in space 254. When the bags 40 contain different liquids such as two different fragrances, or a fragrance in one bag and a functional liquid in another, a unique mixing process occurs as the liquids are nebulized into a mixed or combined nebulized mist.

[0071] As shown in FIG. 3a, the nozzle membrane 62 has a floor portion 62a that includes nozzles 62b, wherein each nozzle is provided by an opening of diameter x in the floor portion so that liquid flowing onto the nozzle membrane can be sprayed via nebulization through the nozzles 62b when the nebulizer 20 is in operation. As would be known to one skilled in the art, the nozzles 62b can be sized and configured so that the droplet size dispersion of a nebulized (i.e., atomized) liquid can range from 1 to 7 microns. This droplet size dispersion range is best suited for atomizing ambient scenting or odor-combating liquids.

[0072] On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3b, the nozzles 162b of floor portion 162a of nozzle membrane 162 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, can be formed by openings of diameter y that are larger (i.e., y>x) than the openings forming the nozzles 62b of nozzle membrane 62. When the larger openings are used to form nozzles 162b, the nozzles 162b can be sized and configured so that the droplet size dispersion of a nebulized liquid can range from 5 to 30 microns. This droplet size dispersion range is best suited for atomizing disinfectant liquids for local surface disinfecting purposes. This is because a spray plume formed by a nebulized liquid that has a larger droplet size distribution provides a more powerful, albeit more directed, dispersing action such as may be necessary for spraying areas within HVAC ducts and the like with a disinfecting, bacteriostatic, fungistatic, or insecticidal substance. On the other hand, a spray plume that has a smaller droplet size distribution provides faster evaporation and diffusion into the ambient air of fragrance molecules and the like because the spray is finer and has a larger combined surface area that encourages more individual droplets to come in contact with and exchange energy with the ambient air molecules.

[0073] One skilled in the art would appreciate that other liquids such as insecticides, etc., can be dispersed by a nebulizer using either one of the nozzle membranes 62 or 162 depending upon which droplet size dispersion range is best suited for the particular spraying application (i.e., whether it is preferable to use directed local surface or volume spraying or rapid dispersion into a relatively large volume of ambient air).

[0074] Another advantage of the nozzle membranes used in accordance with the present invention is that the ratio of the total surface of the nebulizer nozzles in contact with the ambient air to the internal surface of the nebulizer (i.e. the surface of the small internal space) is incredibly small so that evaporation through the nebulizer nozzles is negligible and eliminates the need for sealing mechanisms between uses. For example, for a surface A2 corresponding to 144 nozzles with a diameter of 3 microns and an internal nebulizer containing liquid surface A1 of 56.25 mm2, the ratio A2/A1 is 1.8096E-5. For the same number of nozzles, but with a diameter of 12 microns, the ratio is 0.00028953.

[0075] FIG. 2a illustrates a first interface structure suitable for use in the present invention. Specifically, interface 24 has inlets 50 formed in the body of the interface that are attached to a conduit 80 and to a corresponding one of the access ports 34. Each inlet 50 is beveled so that the circumference of the cross section of the inlet increases along the path of liquid flow. In this manner, a path of liquid egress is created from the interior of each airless bag 38, through a capillary tube or short conduit 80, then through the corresponding inlet 50. Typically, the nebulizable liquid 40 is pulled along the path of egress by capillary action, although a micropump could be used as well. Once the nebulizable liquid 40 passes through inlet 50, the fluid enters a small internal space 54 for holding the liquid. Space 54 borders the actuator membrane 60 of the nebulizer. The nebulizer includes nozzle membrane 62 and an electronically-controlled piezo-atomizer 64. The actuator membrane 60 includes a central opening 60a so that liquid in space 54 can flow into nozzle membrane 62.

[0076] FIG. 2b illustrates a preferred second interface structure suitable for use in the present invention. Specifically, interface 224 has inlets 250 formed in the body of the interface; however, the inlets in this structure are roughly L-shaped and have a leg portion 250a that is beveled so that the circumference of the inlet increases along the path of liquid flow. The distal end of leg portion 250a, a point on the leg portion having the largest circumference, is contiguous with the foot portion 250b. Foot portion 250b is contiguous with and opens into space 254. This configuration provides a path of liquid egress from the interior of each airless bag, through a capillary tube or other short conduit, then through the corresponding inlet 250 and into small internal space 254. In this structure, piezo-electric element 264 is disposed on a side of the actuator membrane 260 that is opposite to the side of the actuator membrane near which the nozzle membrane 62 is disposed. In interface 24, the piezo-electric element 64 is disposed on the same side of actuator membrane 60 as is the nozzle membrane 62. In interface 224, actuator membrane 260 has no central opening but instead has two peripheral openings 260a that form a portion of inlets 250. Also, the body of interface 224 includes a large beveled cavity 270, which forms a sort of nozzle through which the nebulized liquid would pass after it has been nebulized through the nozzle membrane 62.

[0077] FIG. 2c illustrates a preferred third interface structure suitable for use in the present invention. Specifically, the third interface structure 324 is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,219 B1 to Hess et al., which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, as well as in co-pending application EP 01 121 075.4 and EP 01 103 653.0, both to Hess et al., both of which are likewise incorporated herein by reference. This interface 324 includes actuator membrane 360 that has inlets 350 formed therein. The inlets 350 are contiguous with small internal space 354 for holding the liquid to be nebulized and correspond in number to the number of access ports 34 of the cartridge 22. The piezo-electric element 264 is disposed on one side of the actuator membrane 360 and the nozzle membrane 362 is disposed on the other side of the actuator membrane. The advantage of the interface 324 is that the nozzles 362b of floor portions 362a are located to coincide with standing wave crests that are generated when the piezo-electric element 264 is activated, thereby increasing the nebulization efficiency of the liquid being nebulized.

[0078] The main advantage of the three described interface structures is that a dual or multiple inlet connection is provided that interfaces well with the innovative dual airless bag cartridges of the present invention to insure generally uniform filing of the inlets and spaces of the interface structure. Another advantage is that the small internal space can be constructed to be minimized in size with parallel upper and lower internal surfaces for holding and transmitting energy to the liquid to be atomized. In this context, the present invention can achieve an internal space with parallel upper and lower internal surfaces wherein the distance, or height, separating the upper and lower surfaces is preferably less than 100 microns, or optimally between 10 to 60 microns. The benefit of minimizing the size of the internal space and having parallel upper and lower surfaces is that the nebulizer can operate using nebulizable liquids over a very large range of viscosities and surface tensions, which allows the apparatus to use largely solvent-free nebulizer liquid formulations while at the same time providing an unprecedented flexibility in the formulation of scenting and disinfecting liquids.

[0079] Another important feature in accordance with the present invention is that the dual airless bag cartridge is essentially air-bubble proof and position independent. In other words, the nebulizable liquids stored in the cartridge are relatively unaffected by any air bubbles that get into the airless bags and are unaffected by the position of the apparatus. This feature is achieved by the structures shown in FIGS. 1b, 1c and 1d.

[0080] Specifically, FIG. 1b illustrates a liquid pathway 80, being either a capillary tube or other short fluid conduit, that connects the interior of airless bag 38 to the mouth of the respective inlet 250 on the interface 224. Of course, this liquid pathway structure can be applied to the inlets 50 of interface 24 or the inlets 350 of interface 324. In this embodiment, the liquid pathway is constructed to have a main flow path 80a and a single radial groove 80b. Generally, fluid flows from the airless bag through the main flow path 80a and into the respective inlet of the interface. However, if an air bubble occludes this pathway, the fluid may still bypass the obstruction via the radial groove 80b. This occurs because any obstructing bubble will be generally spherical and will not conform to obstruct both the main flow path and the radial groove simultaneously. In addition, pathway 80 can be constructed to include a domed bubble trap portion 80c for trapping a bubble B that might get into the pathway. The trap portion 80c is curved to trap a bubble. In addition, a bubble filter and/or antimicrobial filter 200 can be disposed to cover the inlet 250 so that the pathway 80 is disposed on the surface of the filter 200. As another precautionary measure, an air evacuating filter 80d can be integrated inside the interior of pathway 80 so that the filter 80d covers the entire cross sectional area of the interior of the pathway. In addition, the filter 80d may be constructed to cover only a portion of the cross sectional area of the interior of the pathway, such as the interior of the domed trap portion 80c. As would be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the liquid pathway 80 can be constructed to be connected at one end to an access port 34 of cartridge 22 and connected at the other end to a corresponding inlet of the interface.

[0081] FIG. 1c illustrates an alternate embodiment of the liquid pathway. Specifically, liquid pathway 180 includes a main flow path 180a and four radial grooves 180b. Having four radial grooves increases the rate of bypassing fluid flow through the grooves when the main flow path is obstructed or partially obstructed by a bubble (B). As would be appreciated by one skilled in the art, it is possible to make the liquid pathway to have any number of radial grooves for promoting bypass liquid flow should the main pathway become obstructed, although preferably from 1 to 4 radial grooves are used.

[0082] FIG. 1d shows that bubble filters and/or antimicrobial filters 200 can be disposed over the inlets 250 of the interface 224 to further decrease the chance that a bubble and/or an overgrowth of microbes will obstruct the path of liquid egress between the airless bags and the small internal space for holding the liquid to be nebulized. Of course, these filters 200 can be applied to the inlets 50 of interface 24 or the inlets 350 of interface 324. In addition, one skilled in the art would appreciate that bubble filters and/or antimicrobial filters 201 can be disposed inside of the main flow path liquid pathway 180 (or 80), and near the corresponding inlet.

[0083] In another embodiment in accordance with the present invention, a system for refreshing air 400 as shown in FIG. 4a comprises two or more apparatuses 1a that are electronically connected in parallel to a common power supply 14a via hard wire 402. Each apparatus 1a is identical to the embodiment of apparatus 1 except the power supply 14 has been replaced by a suitable electronic connector 5a such as a plug system so that each apparatus 1a can be connected to the power supply 14a. In addition, each apparatus 1a is operationally connected to a driving and switching circuit 5b housed in a base unit, wherein the driving and switching circuit 5b includes a receiving/transmitting portion that is similar to the receiving/transmitting portion 15c as described previously for another embodiment of the invention. However, in the system 400 it is preferable that the receiving/transmitting portion of the driving and switching circuit 5b be an electronic receiver/transmitter for receiving/transmitting wireless electronic signals from/to wireless control unit 405 such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), cellular phone, a web-appliance or the like. Plainly, other wireless devices for generating the wireless switching signal can be used, and it is within the scope of the present invention to transport the switching signal via a hard wire.

[0084] It should be noted that there is no need for an on-board memory chip and/or microcontroller in the autonomous cartridges because the control and memory functions are provided by the wireless control unit 405. This is a great advantage over many of the prior cartridges.

[0085] FIG. 4b illustrates one particular wireless control unit that is well suited for use in the embodiment of the invention described in FIG. 4a. Specifically, wireless control unit 500 is a hand held remote control unit as is generally known in the art. In particular, wireless control unit 500 includes a wireless signal transmitter/receiver 556 for transmitting and receiving wireless electronic signals to and from the driving and switching circuits 5b of one or more apparatuses 1a. In addition, each apparatus 1a may include a small fan (not shown) that is used to generate additional ambient air flow for dispersing any nebulized mist, and the control unit 500 can be wired to communicate with the apparatus 1a so as to operate the fan for each of the one or more apparatuses 1a networked into system 400.

[0086] Control unit 500 also includes a gas sensor 551, a turbulence detector 552, and a presence sensor (not shown). Gas sensor 551 is a logarithmically calibrated electronic sensor that detects and memorizes the intensity of scents (i.e., fragrances) in the ambient air. In this context, the sensor 551 is used to memorize the intensity of scents by recalibrating the sensor 551 to a particular scent intensity desired by the user of the control unit 500. In other words, a user can operate the control unit 500 by means of intensity control keys 554 and input keys 555, as is generally well known in the art of remote control. Thus, the sensor 551 can be set by the user using SMS language or the like to detect scents that are calibrated to be very high (VHI), high (HI), medium high (MI), ok (OKI), low (LI), medium low (MLI), or very low (VLI) intensity, wherein the display 553 can indicate the selected gas sensor calibration level as a bar graph 553a for the user. Of course, control unit 500 is not limited to the use of bar graphs, and one skilled in the art would realize that alphanumeric indicia, pie graphs, line graphs, etc., could be used to display the selected gas sensor calibration level.

[0087] Control unit 500 also includes a turbulence detector 552 for indicating the intensity of air flow at the point of detection (i.e. the point of scent appreciation) chosen by the user. In other words, the user may carry the control unit to a particular location in a room or enclosed space and use this location as the point of detection. The turbulence detector 552 can also be wired to activate a small fan in each of the operating apparatuses 1a by means of the transmitter/receiver 556 and the driving and switching circuit 5b so as to provide a more rapid and efficient diffusion of the nebulized liquid throughout the room or enclosed space.

[0088] Control unit 500 can also be provided with a presence detector to complement the functions of the gas and turbulence sensors. The presence detector would activate the system 400 when an individual encroached within a certain range of the presence detector, thereby minimizing the on-time delay of the system 400 and avoiding the wastage of nebulizable liquid into the room or enclosed space when no one is there.

[0089] Control unit 500 is provided with internally preprogrammed electronic circuitry that includes several software programs. First, calculation software calculates a coefficient of perceived air quality, expressed in SMS language or the like, based upon inputs from the turbulence detector 552 and the gas sensor 551, then maintains the perceived air quality level via cyclic readings of the gas sensor 551 that detects the intensity of scents in the ambient air so that the intensity of the nebulized fragrances in the ambient air is maintained between the perceived air quality intensity (maximum intensity) and a minimum intensity level programmed by the user of the control unit 500. In this case, the minimum intensity level is one of the selected gas sensor calibration levels such as MI or VLI for example.

[0090] When control unit 500 is shut off by either the user or the presence sensor, the software of the control unit will reactivate when either the presence sensor indicates that someone has entered into the sensor's proximity detection range, or when the user activates the unit. Upon reactivation, control unit 500 automatically reactivates system 400 to operate the apparatuses 1a until the previously set perceived air quality level is reached and maintained. Thus, the software of control unit 500 operates the system 400 to provide ambient air refreshing based on the intelligent networking of the flexible, autonomous liquid atomizer cartridges.

[0091] The software described above can be ported via a suitable interface to work with other remote control units such as a personal digital assistant, a personal computer, a tablet computer, a web-appliance, a cellular phone, a stand-alone household appliance, and the like. In the alternative, the software may be preprogrammed into a remote control unit for an HVAC system, or the control unit may have the turbulence sensor positioned remotely from the control unit and inside an HVAC duct.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the software for use in the control unit 500 includes a fuzzy logic algorithm to deal with the qualitative terms and values, to memorize settings for certain values of turbulence, and to include a learning capability to optimize the performance and efficacy of the air refreshing process. Of course, one skilled in the art would recognize that the system 400 could be networked into several different rooms or enclosed spaces and that one or more control units 500 could be used to adjust the perceived air quality separately in each of the rooms or enclosed spaces in the network.

[0093] The embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 4a is especially suited to be installed in a built-in Indoor Air Quality system network such as is used in larger private and public buildings, or as might be used for HVAC duct disinfecting. For example, one or more of the apparatuses 1a can be positioned inside an HVAC duct and operated in conjunction with the central or remote control of the HVAC system, one or more airflow sensors in the duct system, and the wireless remote control unit 405.

[0094] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. 1a provides a portable, stand-alone device with at least one cartridge. These devices can be constructed for installation in a variety of environments such as private and public bathrooms, clothing, linen or kitchen cabinets, or on home or office furniture. These portable devices can be operated by a pushbutton, or by a signal such as provided by a presence sensor or a timer circuit, or by a signal from a network or remote control device. In addition, these devices can be added to luxury or practical items, being added as accessories to lamps, furniture or built into vacuum cleaners, white goods, cars, household robots or other useful and fun items. The power supply can be batteries, small fuel cells, main power supplies, car batteries, etc.

[0095] In another particular embodiment of the invention, a cartridge with a small dual airless bag of, for example, more or less 1 ml of fluid in each airless bag can be fitted into a fashion accessory such as a broche or bracelet, watch, necklace pendant, or other jewelry, or as an integrated part of clothing such as a lapel or other part of a garment. In this case, the power supply is preferably 2 AA batteries and the circuit includes a very small driving and switching circuit that can be hidden in a small pocket inside the user's clothing. Thus, the power supply in connection with the driving and switching circuit can be connected to the cartridge via a miniature version of the plug system 5a and a thin cable. Thus, a personal, wearable on-demand ambient scenting device with plug-in type exchangeable cartridges is provided either as a fashion accessory or for wear with a fashion accessory. Activation of the device can be via a touch button or via remote short distance wireless signals such as a phonetic or sensor based input.

[0096] In a variant of this embodiment, the air refreshing wearable device could be constructed to be activated by a specific portable phone or other specific communication devices as a form of a noiseless, vibrationless fragrant contact message that serves the same purpose as ringing does for a telephone. Thus messages for confidential callers having a particular calling identity can be made using wireless technology, Bluetooth, or other technology such as can be accessed from a portable phone or other communication device.

[0097] In another variant of this embodiment, the air refreshing wearable device can be incorporated as a message indicator for a portable phone or other communication device, where the fragrance released serves the as a silent ring.

[0098] In another variant of this embodiment, the power supply, driving and switching circuit and exchangeable cartridge are integrated into an alarm clock, thereby allowing inhabitants of a room or small enclosed space to wake up to fragrance. In addition, two or more scent combinations can be generated using a network system integrated into the clock so that two or more difference fragrance combinations can be used to wake up different people at different times. In addition, the fragrance emission could be accompanied by an initially weaker but progressively intensifying sound

[0099] It is self evident that the system 400, comprising two or more apparatuses 1a, will include a corresponding number of cartridges 22. In the case where multiple cartridges are used, it is plain that the present invention will provide the consumer with the ability to choose not only a central ambient fragrance or theme based upon a primary fragrance, but the consumer has the option to create a fragrance ensemble by selecting more than one primary fragrance to be nebulized at one time by using a PDA. Furthermore, the consumer has the ability to choose from a larger number of secondary or accord fragrances. For example, the user could choose one or more primary oriental fragrances to create an oriental ensemble, then augment this ensemble by nebulizing one or more varietal declinations or accords to the ensemble. In this example, the user may choose to use a spicy oriental fragrance. Or the user could choose to mix one or more central fragrance concepts (i.e., primary fragrances) with or without adding any varietal declinations (i.e., accord fragrances).

[0100] To illustrate more clearly, in the case where the system has only two dual airless bags (i.e., there are only two apparatuses connected in the system) then it is possible to have two different primary fragrance concepts with one accord each or, in the alternative, two different accords to the same fragrance concept could be offered. However, it is also possible to valve the airless bags individually (not shown) so that only one bag or both bags are used to provide liquid to the nebulizer. One skilled in the art could construct a valve system of one or more valves connected to and controlled by the driving and switch circuit 15. In the case where the cartridge includes 3, 4 or more airless bags filled with various liquids, the valve system can permit the airless bags to be individually accessed for liquid so that only one bag, or several bags, or all of the bags are accessed to provide liquid to the nebulizer. In this manner, it is possible to provide an even greater variety of fragrance and/or functional liquid content mixes to the nebulizer.

[0101] Another variation afforded by the structure of the present invention is that the nebulizable fluids used include fragrances and/or functional liquids. For example, the system could include an apparatus 1a containing a primary fragrance and an accord fragrance, and another apparatus 1a could contain the functional liquid such as a disinfecting, bacteriostatic or fungistatic liquid. Thus, it is possible to effectively disperse a bactericide or fungicide using the present invention by using suitable chemical ingredients such as Bronopol and to combine the corresponding compound with a suitable fragrance. However, it is preferable to use fragrance compounds that are known to have disinfecting, bacteriostatic, or fungistatic properties and to place them in the first airless bag of the cartridge and to put a purely ambient fragrance compound into a second airless bag of the same cartridge. In this manner, the purely ambient fragrance can be used as the accord fragrance for augmenting the primary fragrance of the fragrance having disinfecting, bacteriostatic, or fungistatic properties.

[0102] This same concept holds true for insect repellants, other functional nebulizable liquids and other individual fragrance notes. In this manner, by using fragrances that have functional properties as well it is possible to minimize the use of potentially harmful benzenes, toluenes, like compounds, and other industrial solvents because the dual airless bag cartridge system in accordance with the present invention provides for greater flexibility and more precise formulation of air freshening mixtures. Thus, the dosing precision of the refreshing mixtures is optimized so that excess amounts of potentially harmful substances are avoided.

[0103] FIG. 6 illustrates a hand held electronic gaming device 600, such as a GAMEBOY or an XBOX, that includes multiple ports 658 for receiving cartridges 122 or cartridges 722, which contain one or more nebulizable liquids. The ports 658 are formed in the body 610 of the device 600. Gaming device 600 includes a recess or opening (not shown), preferably in the bottom of the device 600, through which the nebulized liquid will escape when the device is operated as a nebulizer. When cartridges 722 are used, the device 600 is a base unit and will incorporate the driving and switch circuit 15 and the piezoelectric element 764 of nebulizer 720 as shown in FIG. 7.

[0104] Gaming device 600 optionally includes various features such as a gas sensor 651 and a turbulence sensor 652. The gaming device 600 would also include intensity control keys 654, input keys 655, and a gaming display 653 that could include a gas intensity graph 653a. Although not shown, the gaming device 600 could include a joy stick, a miniature steering wheel, a control ball, or any other control feature generally used in the art for playing games on a gaming device.

[0105] Preferably, gaming device 600 includes a built-in fan (not shown) that operates to advantageously dissipate nebulized liquids (i.e., fragrances); otherwise, a fan will be needed in the room where device 600 is used so as to dissipate the fragrance into the ambient surroundings. In either case, the nebulized fragrance will be nebulized in close proximity to the person using the gaming device 600; therefore, to avoid possible irritating effects of the fragrance on the user, the emission of the fragrant liquid and its solvents must be extremely short. For example, short pulses of approximately less than 50 ms are desired, with pulses of 5-50 ms preferred by using the driving and switching circuit 15 to operate the piezoelectric element 764. Whatever pulse duration is used, it should not be more than 100 milliseconds (ms). In this manner, the control circuit for the gaming device 600 sends pulse control signals to the driving and switching circuit 15 so that the nebulizer incorporated into the device 600 is timed to operate to provide scent characteristics that correspond in timing and repetition to one or more particular gaming situations.

[0106] FIG. 7 illustrates apparatus 1000, which is an alternative embodiment of apparatus 1 in accordance the present invention, wherein the cartridge 722 is a passive device that is separable from the base unit 710. In this context, a passive device defines the fact that the entire driving and switch circuit 15 and the piezoelectric element 764 of nebulizer 720 are not contained in the passive device. Instead, the driving and switch circuit 15 and the piezoelectric element 764 of nebulizer 720 are incorporated into the base unit 710. The electronic gaming device 600 discussed above can be constructed to incorporate the structure of apparatus 1000 instead of using the structure along the lines of apparatus 1. In other words, the body of gaming device 600 can be used as the base unit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0107] Base unit 710 includes a recess 715 for receiving one or more cartridges 722 (only one shown). Alternatively, base unit 710 could be structured to include more than one recess 715, wherein each recess receives a cartridge 722. Contiguous with each recess 715 there is one or more openings 717 to allow nebulized mist to escape into the ambient air when there is a cartridge 722 in the recess 715 and the base unit 710 is operating the nebulizer 720.

[0108] Nebulizer 720 includes a passive portion and an active portion that is detachable from the passive portion. The active portion is incorporated into the base unit 710 and the passive portion is incorporated into a cartridge 722. Specifically, the active portion includes the piezoelectric element 764 that is electrically connected to and driven by the driving and switching circuit 15, both of which are incorporated into the base unit 710. The passive portion includes interface 724, nozzle membrane 760 that incorporates nozzle array 762, and a joining member 770. When a cartridge 722 is secured in the recess 715 of the base unit 710, the piezoelectric element 764 of the active portion engages the joining member 770 of the passive portion so as to provide a complete and operable nebulizer 720.

[0109] The base unit 710 includes the driving and switch circuit 15, which is electrically connected to a power supply 14. Base unit 710 may be provided with an external plug 716 electrically connected to the power supply 14 and the circuit 15 so that the power supply could be recharged or the circuit 15 energized directly from an external power source. Driving and switching circuit 15 includes driver 15a, switch circuit 15b, and receiving/transmitting portion 15c as previously described in other embodiments. Electrical connection 15d connects the driver 15a to each piezoelectric element 724 incorporated into the base unit 710. FIG. 7 illustrates the piezoelectric element 764 disposed on an actuator membrane 780 incorporated into the base unit 710. Actuator membrane 780 includes an opening 780a through which nebulized mist may pass.

[0110] Cartridge 722 includes a casing 730 that contains one or more airless bags 38; each bag is filled with a fluid 40a or 40b that is to be nebulized. Casing 730 also houses the passive portion of the nebulizer 720, and has an opening at one end so that the active portion of the nebulizer 720 from the base unit 710 can engage the passive portion. Conduits 80 provide a path for fluid to flow from bags 38 to the inlets 750 formed in the interface 724. Fluid then flows from inlets 750 to the small internal space 754 where nebulization takes place. The small internal space 754 is bordered by the nozzle membrane 760, which includes an opening 760a through which nebulized mist passes before entering into the nozzle array 762 that is inserted into the nozzle membrane. One preferred nozzle array for use in this embodiment is described in detail in EP 1 287 905 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference, although those skilled in the art would appreciate that other nozzle structures are suitable for practicing this embodiment.

[0111] From FIG. 7, it is evident that two or more airless bags 38 are connected to provide liquid 40a, 40b simultaneously to internal space 754. When these airless bags 38 contain different nebulizable liquids 40a and 40b, these different liquids flow simultaneously in the internal space 754 before undergoing nebulization. A flexible, but leak-proof separation 724a prevents any mixing of the liquids 40a, 40b in internal space 754. On the other hand, the process of nebulizing is a mixing process in and of itself that is very thorough. Consequently, one skilled in the art would realize that the two or more liquids 40a and 40b are thoroughly and completely mixed at the time of nebulization by using the apparatus embodiment shown in FIG. 7, although the two or more liquids are substantially unmixed in the internal space 754 due to the separation 724a, which does not allow the different liquids to mix before nebulizing. In other words, the structure of the apparatus embodiment shown in FIG. 7, allows the two or more liquids to mix only in the nebulized state but not before. The benefit of such a structure is that one nebulizer can nebulize two or more liquids together, wherein these nebulized liquids may have different physico-chemical properties that are normally not chemically stable in liquid mixture. Thus, the present apparatus structure shown in FIG. 7 permits the combined benefits of nebulized liquids that previously could not be nebulized together as a practical matter.

[0112] However, one skilled in the art would realize that the apparatus 1000 shown in FIG. 7 could be practiced without separation 724a when there is no concern about mixing the two liquids in internal space 754. In this case, the two liquids would begin mixing in internal space 754 while in both nebulized mist and liquid forms.

[0113] FIG. 8 shows a modification of the nozzle array 762 that can be made to the apparatus of FIG. 7. Specifically, nozzle array 762 can be made with a first portion 762a that is configured to disperse droplets that are about 1-7 microns in diameter and with a second portion 762b configured to disperse droplets of 5-50 microns in diameter. Each portion 762a and 762b can be configured in this manner by plasma etching, wherein different nozzle diameters are etched within the different nozzle array portions.

[0114] Cartridge 722 also includes joining member 770, which engages the piezoelectric member 764 when the passive portion and the active portion of the nebulizer 720 are attached together to form a complete nebulizer. Joining member 770 is formed using thin metal foil, about 30 to 50 microns thick, that is glued to the piezoelectric member 764 and then connected by a flat spring, a multi-use adhesive layer, a clip, or other suitable mechanical means so that the wave pattern of the piezoelectric member 764 is directly transmitted, substantially unaltered, to the nozzle membrane 760.

[0115] FIG. 9 demonstrates another apparatus embodiment in accordance with the present invention that is used for disinfecting and odor masking in institutional and industrial applications. These larger scale applications generally require more liquid delivery than can be handled by one nebulizer. For instance, the upper limit of nebulizer liquid delivery for a single nebulizer is approximately 50 to 100 ul/s flow rate when the nebulizer is configured to disperse relatively large droplets averaging about 30 microns. For a single nebulizer that is configured to disperse smaller droplets averaging about 5 microns in diameter, the nebulizer flow rate will drop to less than 10 ul/s.

[0116] The present invention overcomes this flow rate limitation by providing a nebulizer array apparatus 800 as schematically drawn in FIG. 9. In this embodiment, the nebulizer array apparatus 800 is constructed to take advantage of controlled pulsed spraying of functional liquids, such as disinfectants, pest control liquids, and odor masking or fragrance liquids, by using a large reservoir 810, which may hold liters of the functional liquid. The large reservoir 810 is connected via a capillary distributor array 835, which includes a plurality of capillary conduits 840, to a nebulizer array 815 wherein each one of the capillary conduits 840 supplies liquid to one of the nebulizers 820 of the nebulizer array 815. Any one of the nebulizers 20 previously described in this application could be used as the nebulizers 820.

[0117] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the large reservoir 810 need not be an airless bag. Instead, it could be a reservoir having a venting system in order to reduce the pressure (i.e., the watergauge) that develops at the inlet of each capillary conduit 840 as liquid flows out of the reservoir 810 to the nebulizer array 815. In addition, each nebulizer 820 is constructed to include its own piezo-electric element with corresponding driving and switching circuit 15. Of course, a single power supply is connected to each driving and switching circuit to power the piezo-electric element of each nebulizer 820. Thus, the single power supply is common to all of the nebulizers of the nebulizer array and the single power supply would be connected in parallel with each of the nebulizers 820 using an electrical configuration similar to the one shown in FIG. 4a. In other words, a common circuit 830 is provided to electrically connect the driving and switching circuit of each nebulizer 820 to a common power supply and to a control circuit that sends operational signals to each one of the driving and switching circuits.

[0118] The control circuit for the nebulizer array apparatus 800 could be integrally connected to the common circuit 830 and to a control panel, or the control circuit could be integrated into a remote control unit such as wireless control unit 405 or 500. When a wireless control unit 405 or 500 is used, the control unit can be programmed with software to operate one or more networked nebulizer array apparatuses 800. The software program of control unit 405 or 500 can include various operational modes. For example, in a first mode the control unit 405, 500 would send control signals to operate all of the nebulizers 820 in the selected nebulizer array 815 of a selected nebulizer apparatus 800. In a second operational mode, the control unit would send control signals to operate only some of the nebulizers 820 of the nebulizer array 815 of the nebulizer array apparatus 800. For example, if the nebulizer array 815 included ten nebulizers 820, then the control unit 405, 500 could be commanded to operate any number of these nebulizers from one to ten. This feature permits an operator, or a control program for that matter stored in the memory of the control unit 405, 500, to activate any number of the nebulizers in the nebulizer array to meet the desired dosage and flow requirements determine from external sources, such as turbulence sensors, temperature sensors, air pressure sensors (i.e., barometers), presence sensors, and any other useful sensors connected to give data to the control unit 405, 500. In a third operational mode, the control unit 405, 500 would send control signals to operate the nebulizers of a nebulizer array of a second nebulizer array apparatus 800. Thus, in the third operational mode, the control unit 405, 800 would send control signals to operate more than one nebulizer array apparatus.

[0119] In order to spray two or more different liquids through each nebulizer 820 of the nebulizer array 815, the nebulizer array apparatus would be constructed to have a separate reservoir corresponding to each of the nebulizable liquids (i.e., a first reservoir for the first liquid, a second reservoir for the second liquid, a third reservoir for a third liquid, and so on), wherein each reservoir is connected to a corresponding capillary distributor array to supply liquid to each of the nebulizers 820. Furthermore, each nebulizer 820 would preferably be one of the nebulizers 720 described in FIGS. 7 and 8 (i.e. a nebulizer having an interface with a separation) when the nebulizable liquids are normally not stable in liquid mixtures; however, any of the nebulizers described above are suitable for this embodiment when the nebulizable liquids are stable in liquid mixtures. FIG. 10 is a schematic drawing of such a multiple liquid nebulizer array apparatus 900. FIG. 10 illustrates the case where apparatus 900 has two large reservoirs 810a and 810b, wherein each reservoir contains a different liquid from the other. One skilled in the art would appreciate that apparatus 900 could be constructed to have three, four or more reservoirs without departing from the scope of the present invention. Each large reservoir 810a, 810b is connected to a capillary distributor array 935 and 936, respectively. With this construction, each nebulizer 820 of the nebulizer array 815 is connected to capillary conduits 940 and 941 so as to receive liquid simultaneously from both reservoirs 810a, 810b, respectively. Each nebulizer 820 would be constructed with a corresponding inlet for each capillary conduit 940, 941 that provides fluid supply from a reservoir. In the case illustrated in FIG. 10, each nebulizer 820 is constructed to have two inlets. However, one skilled in the art would realize that each nebulizer would have three inlets when the multiple liquid nebulizer array apparatus is constructed to include three reservoirs, or that each nebulizer would have four inlets when the apparatus is constructed to include four reservoirs, and so on.

[0120] When constructing the nebulizer array apparatus 800 and the multiple reservoir nebulizer array apparatus 900, each of these apparatuses are preferably constructed so that each individual nebulizer 820 is replaceable and/or that each reservoir 810, 810a, and 810b is replaceable. In either case, the common circuit 830 and the control unit remain as permanent parts of the apparatuses 800, 900. Alternatively, the apparatuses 800 and 900 are constructed so that the nebulizer array 815 is replaceable as a modular unit, so the individual nebulizers 820 are not replaceable. In this case, the reservoirs 810, 810a and 810b would still be constructed so as to be separately replaceable. Another alternative construction is to include the nebulizer array 815 in an integral modular construction with capillary distributor and the reservoir (i.e., reservoir 810, or the reservoirs 810a, 810b, etc.) so that the integrated nebulizer array-capillary distributor-reservoir module is replaceable, which means that the common circuit 830 and the control unit remain as the permanent parts of the apparatuses 800, 900.

[0121] One skilled in the art would recognize that the apparatuses 800, 900 are applicable to many different types of institutional and industrial situations such as hygiene in packaging, refrigeration, conditioning of food and perishable consumer goods, or hygiene in air conditioning systems, whether stationary or mobile. Furthermore, the apparatuses 800, 900 can be applied to industry uses, home uses, and institutional uses such as in hospitals. Although not limited to these applications, the apparatuses 800 or 900 can be integrally constructed as portions of white goods, dishwashers, washing machines, dry cleaning equipment, vacuum cleaners that stand alone or those that are built-in as part of an air conditioning system.

[0122] Lastly, one method embodiment in accordance with the present invention is a method for refreshing air summarized to include the steps of: (a) providing at least one autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge having multiple airless bags, wherein each bag contains a nebulizable fluid and each bag is connected to an interface, and the interface is connected to a nebulizer, so that there is a path of egress from each bag to the nebulizer through which nebulizable fluid flows to the nebulizer; (b) flowing the nebulizable fluid from each bag to the nebulizer; (c) mixing the nebulizable fluid from each bag in a space to provide a mixed fluid; and (d) nebulizing the mixed fluid to provide a combined mist as is evident from the previous description of the apparatus embodiments. Of course, the method can be further refined to include that the flow of nebulizable fluid is activated by a signal from a wireless control unit. The method can also be refined to include that nebulizing of the mixed fluid is controlled to maintain a perceived air quality of the ambient air.

[0123] Another method embodiment in accordance with the present invention is a method for refreshing air that includes the steps of: (a) providing at least one autonomous liquid droplet dispensing cartridge having multiple airless bags, wherein each bag contains a different nebulizable fluid and each bag is connected to an interface, and the interface is connected to a nebulizer, so that there is a separate path of egress from each bag to the nebulizer through which nebulizable fluid flows to the nebulizer; (b) flowing the nebulizable fluid from each bag to the nebulizer so that the different nebulizable fluids do not mix before nebulization; and (c) mixing the nebulizable fluid from each bag by nebulizing each fluid to provide a combined mist.

[0124] While the present invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that additions, deletions, substitutions, modifications and improvements can be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.