Package biochemical hazard and contraband detector

[0001] This application claims the benefit filing date of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/344,635, filed on Oct. 26, 2001.

[0002] Not applicable.

[0003] Not applicable.

[0004] 1. Field of Invention

[0005] The following relates to apparatus and method to detect the presence of materials, including but not limited to, hazardous or illegal contraband concealed within shipping, delivery, mail, or postal packages without fully unsealing the packages by probing the interior with airflow and collecting and analyzing concentrated sample particles.

[0006] 2. Description of Invention

[0007] According to US Department of Justice guide (NIJ Guide 101-00), most of the well known biological weapon agents such as, anthrax, Brucellosis, Tularemia, Cholera, Glanders, Melioidosis, Plague, Marburg Virus, Smallpox Virus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, Ebola Virus, Q Fever, Botulinum Toxin, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Tricothecene mycotoxins, and Ricin could take aerosol form. The agency further states, The primary infection route from exposure to biological agents is through inhalation.

[0008] During the year 2001, envelopes containing anthrax spores were sent via US Postal Service. The cutaneous form of anthrax spores caused havoc as it infected people who came in direct contact with the hazardous powder; however, the inhalation form of anthrax spores caused even greater fear and devastation, as the fine airborne spores randomly contaminated nearby packages and killed indiscriminately and capriciously.

[0009] Moreover, the inhalation form was much deadlier than the cutaneous form, as many died even with antibiotic treatments.

[0010] Soon afterward, the fear of other biological agents and the envelopes containing non-toxic materials preyed on the fear. Although no one suffered illness or death, these hoax-envelopes flood was nearly as effective in terrorizing the public and consuming valuable resources as the real biological attacks, as every incident had to be treated like the real thing.

[0011] In response, US Government irradiated mail packages bound for various government agencies and certain targeted private sectors. Even after three billion dollars budget and a nearly year since the incident, majority the mail packages to the general public have yet to be irradiated or otherwise protected.

[0012] Some of the reasons are listed below:

[0013] The irradiation is expensive process, takes long time to implement, and it alone cannot pinpoint the contaminated or hoax mail.

[0014] The possibility of infection among those unfortunate postal workers prior to irradiation at a central processing unit can be tragic.

[0015] The irradiated mail may cause health problems for the recipients. Many congressional workers had complained of headache, nose bleeding, diarrhea, and other ailments.

[0016] Many members of the public oppose and fear the irradiation process.

[0017] The irradiated mail must be stored for several days to lower the level of radiation, which delays delivery and incur storage cost.

[0018] No clear procedure exists to avoid irradiating products that can be damaged, destroyed, or even made harmful if they were exposed to massive doses of radiation. Such as electronic devices, film, glass and food items.

[0019] Exposing metal to ionizing radiation can induce radioactivity if enough of it collects on the surfaces. And there's a lot of metal in the mail in the form of binders, paperclips, and pens, not to mention all of the consumer products containing metal that are routinely shipped via the U.S. Postal Service.

[0020] The irradiation needs nuclear materials to keep it operating. Transporting radioactive material, worker safety, and environmental contamination from the kinds of leaks, spills, and mishaps can lead to disasters.

[0021] The terrorist may attack the irradiation facility, transport, or storage to obtain the irradiated material to create a dirty bomb.

[0022] The effectiveness of process may be exaggerated. A New Jersey official described some of the challenges in a memo. After much discussion about the penetration of the electron beam, she wrote, it was determined that the package would have to be turned over and run through irradiator a second time. The problem is that the spores in the envelopes would presumably fall to the bottom by gravity, thus avoiding the beam for both passes.

[0023] Another patent pending idea by Gary Mize called Bio-safe Mailbox uses time released toxins like chlorine dioxide or methyl bromide in a mailbox prior to pick up. This idea also suffers many problems associated with irradiation. The toxins that are used to destroy the biological agents are dangerous chemicals themselves, probably only effectiveness against the limited few biological agents, and ineffective against chemical toxic agents.

[0024] Moreover, reconfiguring every mailbox to release and recycle these chemicals could be not only very expensive but also potentially harmful, as toxins may be released to environment. Not to mention that these processes can be thwarted easily, using lead foils to block the irradiation and airtight package can stop the decontaminants.

[0025] The danger to public using delivery service, however, is not new. Long before the biochemical terrorism, illegal contrabands such as bombs, poisons, illegal drugs, etc . . . have been sent using US Postal mail.

[0026] Available technologies like Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), vapor detection, gas chromatograph, reactive chemicals, etc . . . have had only limited use for detecting hazards and contraband inside delivery packages, because collecting concentrated content samples from a sealed container proved to be difficult.

[0027] X-ray and swab collection method, often used in airports, would be ineffective, too costly, and time consuming to use for delivery services due to high volumes. Tens of millions letters and packages that uses delivery services per day cannot be individually viewed and swabbed.

[0028] A better sample collection and concentration apparatus and method must be utilized, if advanced analytic technologies are to be implemented.

[0029] Whether it is real or hoax, the best defense against bio-terrorists or other criminal activities, is catching and prosecuting the perpetrator. To catch the offenders, law enforcement must be able to identify the crime quickly and secure the evidence without destroying or altering it. As selection, detection, and identification technology improve, such as nucleic acid amplification or antibody binding method, obtaining enough concentrated sample, quickly cueing the existence of the possible target agents inside the package, and preserving the evidence become critical.

[0030] The idea described here is inexpensive and effective apparatus and method to collect concentrated possible biochemical hazard and other illegal contrabands samples in packages for analysis.

[0031] Given that the envelope has been the choice of delivery vehicle by the terrorists and many other illegal activities, I will use the envelope as an example but other shipping packages can also utilize similar apparatus and method.

[0032] By taking advantage of:

[0033] 1. Most shipping or mail packages are semi-sealed and have gaps or openings where packaging material edges meet. This is to prevent air from being trapped inside the package and turning it into a balloon, because a ballooned envelope take up excess space and cause problem when transporting.

[0034] 2. Shipping or mailing packages usually do not contain particles that resemble the size and weight of biological pathogens or chemical toxins. And bombs and illegal drugs exhibit specific particle characteristic signatures.

[0035] 3. The possible harmful particles in the package are of such size and weight that they should become airborne and mobile by introducing air or gas flow via above gap.

[0036] The process results in following objects and advantages:

[0037] To provide cheap and effective apparatus to thwart biochemical terrorism, rather than using expensive and dangerous ultraviolet sterilization method, slow x-ray process, or expensive new mailboxes without unsealing the package.

[0038] To provide safe and easy operation, as the process does not require dangerous radiation or chemicals.

[0039] To provide method to help quickly apprehend criminal and reduce exposure, because the method could detect the presence of foreign particles early and stop it from going to addressee or another transfer agents.

[0040] To provide defense against hoax biological terror attacks, unlike prior-arts.

[0041] To provide better and concentrated sample collection.

[0042] To provide additional testing for many illegal contrabands like illegal drugs and bombs.

[0043] Further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the drawing and ensuing description.

[0044] In accordance with the present invention, a simple, safe, and effective concentrated sample collection and cueing apparatus and method against biochemical hazard and illegal contrabands without fully unsealing shipping, delivery, mail, or postal packages.

[0045] Drawing Figures

[0046] In the drawings, closely related figures have the same number but different alphabetic suffixes.

[0047] FIG. 1 shows a standard sealed US envelope with a small gap or opening highlighted.

[0048] FIG. 2 shows a sealed express mail package also with a gap highlighted.

[0049] FIG. 3 shows an airtight container with the above envelope inserted with clamps, sensors, and probe control box.

[0050] FIG. 4 shows right frontal right half view of the inserted and clamped secure envelope from FIG. 3

[0051] FIG. 4A shows perspective view of FIG. 4 to illustrate the probe and control box in more detail

[0052] FIG. 5 shows variants of probe shapes.

[0053] FIG. 6 shows the airtight box in FIG. 3 when being rotated upside down

[0054] FIG. 7 shows the envelope being infiltrated by scissor or syringe (optional feature).

[0055] FIG. 8 shows the airtight box in FIG. 3 attached to a detection device and then to a warning system.

[0056] FIG. 8A shows side view of the airtight box with inflated envelope in the middle sandwiched against the side compressor clamp with sensors.

[0057] FIG. 9 shows frontal view with socket lip device variant to the probe used in FIG. 4

[0058] FIG. 9A is side view for FIG. 9

[0059] FIG. 10 shows the above socket/lips like device in detail

[0060] 101. Hidden gap or opening in a package

[0061] 102. Envelope

[0062] 103. Envelope adhesive area

[0063] 105. Express Mail shipping package

[0064] 106. Envelope Flap

[0065] 107. Possible biochemical hazard material (inside the envelope)

[0066] 108. Side compressor clamp pairs connected to sensors for checking inflation of the envelope

[0067] 109. Airtight container/box (in this embodiment)

[0068] 110. Airtight box door

[0069] 111. Conveyer system (to deliver the envelope to the box)

[0070] 112. Mechanical clamp pairs (to hold the envelope in place)

[0071] 114. Mechanical probe

[0072] 114A. Strait probe

[0073] 114B. Narrow probe

[0074] 114C. Bent Probe

[0075] 114D. Slanted Probe

[0076] 114E. Hollow channel running down the middle on the probe

[0077] 115. Probe control box

[0078] 116. Probe movements from rest to under the envelope flap

[0079] 117. Side clamp movements (coming together to squeeze the envelope)

[0080] 118. Tube to inject air or gas into the envelope

[0081] 119. Tube to vacuum out the air or gas

[0082] 122. Inflation or ballooning of the envelope sidewalls

[0083] 123. A rod guide for the probe control box movement

[0084] 124. Lowering motion of the control box along the rod guide

[0085] 125. Axis to turn the box

[0086] 126. The airtight box rotating around the axis

[0087] 130. Mechanical scissor (cutting motion)

[0088] 131. Syringe like device (punching a hole)

[0089] 133. Forced movement of air or gas

[0090] 134. Detection or Analytic device (for concentration and analysis of particulates)

[0091] 135. Possible biochemical hazard material airborne

[0092] 137. Display and warning apparatus

[0093] 138. Socket lips device

[0094] 139. Airflow into the envelope Socket device above

[0095] 139A. Residual airflow

[0096] 140. Hole connected tube to inject air into envelope via the socket device

[0097] 141. Hole in the box with vacuum tube to collect sample particles

[0098] 142. Airflow measurement device

[0099] 143. Backward pressure on the holding clamp

[0100] DescriptionFIGS. 1, 2The Gap

[0101] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, vast majority of envelopes or packages used in US have small gaps or openings on the top corners where edges come together that can be probed without unsealing the subject. Opening 101 still exists even when flap 106 on envelope 102 or package 105 is closed and sealed.

[0102] In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, adhesive area 103 does not extend all the way out to corner edge of the envelope. This creates the gap above, which exists to vent air in and out when being handled. Without it, the envelope will not flatten as trapped air results in ballooning, which will then cause problem as it travels through the processing plants.

[0103] The small opening is well concealed and covered by the flap. This cover usually keeps possible hazardous and contraband particles 107 trapped inside the envelope.

[0104] FIGS. 5, 10Alternative Embodiments of Probe

[0105] FIG. 5 is closer look at and variants of a probe shapes. The probe shape can be various like strait tip 114A, narrowed tip 114B, bent tip 114C, or slanted tip 114D; however, regardless of the exact shape or material, the probe can be thin, dull, pointed, and hollow device that can easily slipped in the gap. Material of the probe can be metal, ceramic, plastic, etc . . . .

[0106] The outer shape of the probe may resemble end of a letter opener knife, but hollowed middle channel 114E extends from the tip to the end, which enables the air or gas movement back and forth from control box 115.

[0107] To illustrate that vast array of the probe, FIG. 10 shows socket or lips device 138 in detail. It's called socket or lips device because device's two front walls sandwich an envelope corner with opening 101 in the middle like a socket or lips would hold on to an item by grasping two opposite walls on the target item. The definition of the probe is any device that can establish airflow into the package.

[0108] OperationsFIGS. 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 8A, 9, 9A

[0109] 1. As shown in FIG. 3, envelope 102 travels by conveyer belt mechanism 111 or gloved human hands to airtight container 109, which is a box in this embodiment.

[0110] 2. Once inside the airtight box, secure envelope 102 by holding clamps 112 on outer edge of the envelope sides. In this embodiment, top and bottom clamps are utilized. Lock it in the box by closing airtight door 110.

[0111] 3. Once envelope 102 has been secured by the operations 1 and 2 above, move side compressor clamps 108 with optical or pressure sensors (not shown) close against side walls of the envelope. So, when the envelope inflates in operations below, the ballooning envelope sidewalls push back the side clamps by operations below. FIG. 3 also illustrates the probe attached to control box 115 at rest prior to exploring the gap.

[0112] 4. By using optical or mechanical sensors, mechanically slide small probe 114 under the envelope flap by following arrow movements 116. This operation is detailed below.

[0113] 5. FIG. 4 shows exposed front right half of the airtight box from FIG. 3 in detail with some items inside mechanical control and sensor box 115 with attached the probe. The control box contains mechanical devices with sensors (not shown) to guide probe 114 underneath envelope flap 106. The exact mechanical and sensor devices to guide the probe into the gap are not part of the invention. The control box contains two air hoses inside. First hose 118 injects the air or gas to the probe tip and inflates 122 the envelope during the insertion process show in movement 116. Second hose 119 will be then used later for collecting sample by vacuuming the air and particle inside the envelope after ballooning as shown in FIGS. 8 and 8A.

[0114] 6. FIG. 4A shows detailed perspective view of FIG. 4 with one embodiment of the probe and the control box movement. The probe is attached control box 115, which is attached to guiding rod 123. Lower and rest the control box apparatus along guide rod 123 on top of the envelope and insert it under the flap by mechanically traveling up along the side of the envelope. As the probe slide up and approach near the flap, the probe expels constant air stream from its tip, to push the envelope wall and the flap further apart to enlarge the gap.

[0115] 7. FIG. 6 shows optional embodiment of the airtight box in FIG. 3 upside down to show possible rotation of the whole box apparatus in FIG. 3. Mechanically rotate 126 the whole airtight box over on axis 125 by turning on a motor (not shown) attached to the axis. As the box turns, gravity and centrifugal force will help to loosen the particles. Additionally, other motions like shaking or vibrating could achieve similar results. Perform this step on the probed and ballooned envelope.

[0116] 8. If the envelope fails to balloon by flowing air from the probe tip, cut a small opening with a scissor 130 or pokes a hole with a syringe 131 to create an opening that can be used to introduce air or gas inside the envelope, as seen in FIG. 7. If neither cutting nor poking is desirable, then the envelope can be treated via other method like proposed Ultra Violet Ray sterilization, which is not part of the invention.

[0117] 9. As in FIG. 8A, if the gas has successfully penetrated the interior of the envelope and expanded envelope sidewalls 112 by checking the pressure exerted against the side clamp. Afterward, force the envelope to deflate to induce the air/gas out of the envelope carrying the possible hazardous material by squeezing envelope-walls together 117 on both sides with the side clamps.

[0118] 10. Looking back to FIG. 8, collect airborne biochemical hazard particles sample 135 via probe channel 114E using vacuum hose 119 and hole 141 in the box. Send the sample to detection device 134, which can be laser analyzer, photometer, Optical Particle Counter (OPC), Condensation Particle Counter (CPC), optoelectronic sensor, or other particle/optical/biological/chemical analysis method. The analytic devices are not part of the invention.

[0119] 11. Afterward, display unit 137 shows analyzed and stored results. The unit can be combination of computer or electronic device. The exact technical specification of the unit not part of the invention. If certain selection and sensitivity criteria is reached in any one or more of criteria like particle count, mass, density, concentration, chemical reaction, generic response, etc . . . then alarm alerts the operator by sound, flashing screen, e-mail, and/or other communication methods.

[0120] 12. In alternative embodiment FIG. 9, instead of using the probe, socket or lips device 138 could gently fit against the envelope corner. Blow the air or gas 139 into the envelope via the socket device's hollow channel 140. As in above procedures, check the inflation as in FIG. 9A and then deflate the envelope by the side clamps as in FIG. 8A.

[0121] 13. As the side clamps compress against the envelope, use vacuum tube opening 141 attached to the wall of the airtight box and collect the airborne particles sample. Once collected, implement the same hazard detection and alert method, described above in operation 10 and 11.

[0122] 14. Another way to check for successful airflow injection is illustrated in FIG. 9; airflow meter 142 measures flow of residual airflow 139A. The residual flow rate and amount should diminish when some airflow penetrate inside the envelope. Also, the injected airflow should cause backward pressure 143 on the top and bottom clamps.

[0123] Possible Additional Feature

[0124] The particle sample can be collected into a sealed container by this device for further testing. Or, the whole airtight box may be removed and sent into the lab for further testing.

[0125] Problem could arise from probing underneath the flap and inside the envelope. This may be against the law for US post office; however, addressee should not have a problem. Addressee can even open the envelope fully by incision and fully test the contents. So, scissor or cutting device could be used to either partially or fully create incision to affect the particle test.

[0126] Alternatively, to avoid probing underneath the flap, the air can be simply pumped out utilizing a hole with vacuum hose attached 141 on the wall of the box by squeezing existing air pockets already in the envelope with side clamp without inflating it. Alternatively, the envelope sidewalls could be pulled apart to let the air in through the gap by grasping on the envelope sidewalls using vacuum suction or light adhesive on the side compressor clamp 108 on the envelope side walls. This action creates air inflow to the envelope, just as air is drawn into an accordion by pulling its side apart.

[0127] More than just air can be injected into the envelope interior. Toxins, such as chlorine dioxide and methyl bromide, may be mixed in with air to kill any hazardous particles that might be inside the envelope.

[0128] Advantage

[0129] From the description above, a number of advantages of my biochemical tester and method become evident:

[0130] (a) Operation is quick and simple.

[0131] (b) By checking the package inflation or flow rate of the air, operation can be assured of success.

[0132] (c) To provide the capability to vent contagions from the package or used to deliver toxins to kill the contaminant particles without unsealing the package.

[0133] Accordingly, the reader will see that the biochemical tester and accompanying method of this invention can detect presence of possible hazardous materials and illegal contraband in a shipping container simply, easily, safely, and assuredly.

[0134] Furthermore, the testing apparatus and method has the additional advantages in that

[0135] it provides quick alert against both real or false hazardous particles;

[0136] it provides effective detection not only against biological, but chemical contrabands such as poison, bomb, and illegal drugs;

[0137] it allows preservation of the evidence for prosecution;

[0138] it provides verification method of successful operation via inflation of the package or measured airflow change;

[0139] it allows testing of vast majority of shipment or mail packages, including most envelopes, express mail packages, envelopes with forwarding address hole opening, many box packaging, etc . . . ;

[0140] it provides adaptable platform to launch future improved analytic device and approach;

[0141] it allows safe operation in detection only mode by using only air in preferred embodiment rather than using toxins or irradiation;

[0142] it allows much more effective and assured way to kill certain biological hazard via verification process described above, if toxin is used rather than just air;

[0143] it allows testing of packages in it original semi-sealed state.

[0144] Although the description above contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention.

[0145] For example, rather than checking for inflation of a package, which may have stiff and rigid walls, the slower flow rate and volume of air or pressure exerted on holding clamps can be used to check for infiltration of gas inside a package.

[0146] Thus the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the example given.