Automatic orientation-based user interface for an ambiguous handheld device

[0001] The present invention relates to electronic devices. In particular, the present invention relates to automatic orientation based user-interface features for an electronic device.

[0002] Devices such as handheld computers, typically referred to as personal digital assistants (PDAs), are designed to have configurable input and output features. For example, some PDAs have configurable button options. Other PDAs have manual or application specific screen rotations.

[0003] PDAs generally have a designated orientation, centered around the use of the input/output features. For example, a typical PDA has a rectangular screen. Visual indices indicate a left and right side of the display. When content such as text is provided on the display, the content has a fixed orientation, with the left-right and top-down directions being fixed on the display. Similarly, the buttons on the PDA usually have a vertical orientation, set just below the display.

[0004] Given the fixed orientation of the typical PDA, the user has limits in how the device can be configured and oriented. For example, the device must be picked up and used in the correct orientation in order for the display to be used. The button functions assignments may be configurable, but the buttons have fixed physical locations relative to the display of the PDA.

[0005] Embodiments of the invention provide an electronic device that includes a user-interface feature, a detection mechanism and one or more internal components. The user-interface feature is configurable to have a selected orientation about at least a first axis. The detection mechanism can detect orientation information about the electronic device. The one or more components may select the orientation of the user-interface feature based on the detected orientation information.

[0006] In am embodiment, the physical orientation of an electronic device is symmetrical about two center-line axes. The orientation for those user-interface features is determined after the device is held by a user for use.

[0007] In one embodiment, the device may has a square shape, with symmetrically disposed buttons and a display. The orientation for displaying content on the display, and for assigning functions to the buttons, is determined once the device is held.

[0008] Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals are intended to refer to similar elements among different figures.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a front isometric view of an ambiguous electronic device that can be configured for multiple orientations, under an embodiment of the invention.

[0010] FIG. 2A is a front isometric view of an ambiguous electronic device that can be configured for multiple orientations, under another embodiment of the invention.

[0011] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view cut along lines A-A of FIG. 2A.

[0012] FIG. 3 is a back view of an electronic device including a sensor system for determining orientation information for the electronic device, under another embodiment of the invention.

[0013] FIG. 4 is a side view of an electronic device including a sensor system for determining orientation information for an electronic device, under an embodiment of the invention.

[0014] FIG. 5 is a method for configuring an electronic device based on orientation information detected from a sensor system, under an embodiment of the invention.

[0015] FIG. 6 is a method for configuring an electronic device based on orientation information detected from user-input, under an embodiment of the invention.

[0016] FIG. 7 is a block diagram for an electronic device configured for using orientation information, under an embodiment of the invention.

[0017] Embodiments of the invention describe an ambiguous electronic device having automatic orientation-based user interface features. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.

[0018] A. Overview

[0019] Embodiments of the invention include an ambiguous electronic device that can detect orientation information. Components of the ambiguous device, including user-interface features, are configurable based on the detected orientation of the device.

[0020] According to an embodiment, an electronic device includes a user-interface feature, a detection mechanism, and one or more components for configuring the user-interface feature. The user-interface feature is disposed symmetrically about one or more axes, and is configurable to have any one of multiple orientations. The detection mechanism detects a user-orientation for using the electronic device. The components are configured to select the orientation of the user-interface feature based on the detected user-orientation, and to configure the user-interface feature according to the selected orientation.

[0021] A user-interface feature is any feature that provides output to the user, or allows the user to enter input into the electronic device. Examples of user-interface features include a display, an input mechanism appearing on a display, or a set of actuatable surfaces.

[0022] A detection mechanism is any device that can detect orientation information, or be used in a manner that will determine orientation. Examples of detection mechanisms include sensors, actuatable surfaces and other mechanisms, that detect how the user has oriented the electronic device when using it. In one embodiment, the detection mechanism detects the orientation of the handheld during or right after the electronic device is in a power-on state.

[0023] The one or more components may refer to a processor or other component instructed to perform certain functions. Other examples of components in the electronic device include drivers, such as display drivers.

[0024] Actuatable surfaces include surfaces that act as switches when contacted by the user.

[0025] B. Ambiguous Electronic Devices

[0026] FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a configurable, ambiguous electronic device, under an embodiment of the invention. An electronic device 100 such as shown by FIG. 1 is symmetrical about at least two axes. This symmetry facilitates the electronic device 100 in being configured based on a detected orientation of the electronic device.

[0027] A set of user-interface features for electronic device 100 includes a display 120 and an arrangement of buttons 130. A housing 108 encases internal components of electronic device 100, and provides a front panel 112 for the set of user-interface features. The housing 108 may be referenced by a first and second pair of sides 105, 115.

[0028] Because electronic device 100 is ambiguous, it has no designated orientation for its user-interface features until its orientation is determined. The layout of the user-interface features is symmetrically disposed about the X and Y center-line axes. For example, the top/bottom and left/right sides of the electronic device are unknown when the device is in an ambiguous state.

[0029] In an embodiment, the top/bottom and left/right sides of electronic device 100 are not designated, but determined after the device is held or in use. Once the orientation of electronic device 100 becomes known, the user-interface features are configured to function using the determined orientation. For example, content appearing on display 120 will have an orientation that matches the device's use. Button actions have set positions, and the buttons 130 that cause those actions to be performed are determined based on the orientation of the device.

[0030] Conventional electronic devices have set orientations before and after when they are in use. For example, conventional electronic devices have housing structures and visual indices to inform the user of the orientation of the electronic device. In contrast, embodiments of the invention provide no indication of the device's orientation prior to its use. The electronic device 100 and its user-interface features may be symmetrically disposed about one or more axes. The housing 108 may be symmetrical. No visual indices may be provided to indicate how, for example, a user should hold the electronic device 100. The orientation of the electronic device 100 will not matter until the device is held or in use.

[0031] Accordingly, electronic device 100 may be referenced against two center-line axes X and Y. In an embodiment, the lengths of all sides 105, 115 of electronic device 100 are the same, so that electronic device 100 has a square shape. Other shapes may be contemplated for electronic device 100, including geometries symmetrical about X and/or Y. For example, other embodiments may provide that housing 108 is rectangular or circular.

[0032] The display 120 and buttons 130 are symmetrically disposed on front panel 112 about X and Y. The display 120 is centrally positioned relative to axes X and Y. The buttons 130 are positioned on each corner of the square-shaped electronic device 100.

[0033] Display 120 displays content according to an orientation using one or more reference indications on axes X and Y. A reference indication may determine a top-down or right-left direction for display 120. The reference indication will designate one of the axes X, Y as the vertical axis, the other as the horizontal axis. Furthermore, the reference indication will indicate a top/bottom end about the vertical axis and left/right end about the horizontal axis.

[0034] The reference indication is determined after orientation information is determined from electronic device 100. The orientation information may be derived from detection mechanisms, such as described with FIGS. 3 and 4. The orientation information enables components of electronic device 100 to set the vertical and horizontal directions for display 120. In this way, content such as text is displayed relative to a top and bottom, and right to left.

[0035] In an embodiment, buttons 130 are assigned actions based on the orientation information. The actions may include any one of a set of predefined functions, operations, or programs, so that actuation of one of the buttons causes a corresponding function, operation or program to be performed. The action associated with each button 130 may be determined by identifying a reference indication using the orientation information. The reference indication can be used to designate physical locations for where buttons for specified actions are to be located. For example, the reference indication may designate one of the first pair of sides 105 as a left side for housing 108, and one of the second pair of sides 115 as a right side for housing 108. The button 130 designated to be in one of the comers, such as the top-left comer, may have a pre-selected action assigned to it.

[0036] According to an embodiment, electronic device 100 is equipped to detect orientation information for the electronic device in use. Detection mechanisms, as described in Section C, may be used to provide the orientation information when the device is gripped, or otherwise used. The orientation information may indicate, for example, how a user is holding the device, whether the user is holding it with left-handedness or right-handedness, and/or whether the user-interface features are facing up or down. This orientation information may, in turn, be used to designate left, right, top and/or bottom sides on electronic device 100. In this way, the orientation information for electronic device 100 will appear in a manner that matches a user's orientation for using the device.

[0037] Similarly, features such as buttons may be assigned to actions by having pre-determined locations for where buttons for each action is to be located. A button-press in the top, left corner, for example, will always identify a certain action. The orientation information is used to identify the top, left corner. The same orientation information that configures display 120 can be used to set the orientation of buttons 130.

[0038] FIG. 2A is a front isometric view of an ambiguous electronic device that can be configured for multiple orientations, under another embodiment of the invention. In FIG. 2A, designated contact surfaces 230 may be substituted for buttons on a housing 208. A front panel 212 of housing 208 provides the user-interface features, including display assembly 220. The display assembly 220 may be a contact-sensitive display, comprising a display screen 235 (FIG. 2B) and a digitizer pad 225. The digitizer pad 225 extends over and beyond the display screen 235. The digitizer pad 225 may be used to provide contact surfaces 240 that can be contacted to enter an input signal. The contact-sensitive areas 240 appear in regions of front panel 212 where digitizer pad 225 extends beyond display surface 235. For example, one of the contact surfaces 240 may be touched by the user to signal an interrupt to a processor. In this way, contact surfaces 240 may function the same as buttons 230.

[0039] FIG. 2B is a cross-section of FIG. 2A, cut along lines A-A. Digitizer pad 225 extends over and beyond display screen 235. The digitizer pad 225 is configured to detect and interpret user contact on locations corresponding to either designated surfaces 240, or display assembly 220. Display surface 235 is configured to display images in the form of pixels or other graphic elements.

[0040] In one embodiment, digitizer pad 225 is formed from a material that is integrated into front panel 212. An example of this type of housing construction for an electronic device such as a handheld computer is provided in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/871,322, entitled Three-Dimensional Contact-Sensitive Feature for Electronic Devices. This application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0041] In one embodiment, orientation information is used to designate actions for designated contact surfaces 240. For example, each contact surface 240 may be one of a set, having a fixed position on front panel 212. The orientation information may be used to identify what action is to be assigned to that contact surface 240.

[0042] In another embodiment, the location of the contact surfaces 240 are not fixed, but determined by the orientation information. The orientation information may be used to interpret where contact surfaces are to appear on front panel 212, or elsewhere on housing 208. When orientation information is received, a region of digitizer pad 225 may be activated to receive input through contact with that region. Therefore, the location of each contact surface 240 is determined by the orientation information. For example, orientation information may determine that four contact surfaces 240 are needed for electronic device 200, with one contact surface at each comer. Similarly, another configuration may be interpreted from other orientation information that dictates five contact surfaces are needed for the same electronic device 200. Furthermore, the five contact surfaces may appear linearly to one side of display assembly 120.

[0043] C. Detection Mechanisms for Detecting Orientation Information

[0044] Embodiments of the invention provide for detection mechanisms that detect orientation information about an electronic device when the device is in use. The orientation information is shared with components that can configure user-interface features for a particular orientation. Specific types of detection mechanisms described in this application include touch-sensitive sensor systems, and user initiated input mechanisms.

[0045] (1) Sensor Systems

[0046] FIG. 3 is a bottom view of electronic device 300 adapted to include an orientation-detection mechanism, under an embodiment of the invention. The electronic device 300 may be square, or otherwise ambiguous in shape. In an embodiment, the orientation mechanism is a sensor system that detects an orientation of electronic device 300 based on input that is detected by the sensor system. The reference point may, for example, be a person, or the direction of gravity.

[0047] Sensor system 310 may include a plurality of sensor pads 312. Each sensor pad 312 corresponds to a contact-sensitive surface that detects contact from a user of electronic device 300. In an embodiment, sensor pads 312 appear where a user would grip the electronic device 300. In FIG. 3, sensor pads 312 appear on a back panel 320 of electronic device 300.

[0048] The sensor pads 312 may be distributed on back panel 320. Individual sensor pads 312 may be actuated by users who contact the sensor pads in the course of gripping or handling electronic device 300. Enough sensor pads 312 may be provided or otherwise positioned so that actuated sensor pads are a subset of all the sensor pads on the back panel 320.

[0049] Orientation information may be detected by identifying the arrangement of sensor pads 312 that are actuated as a result of the user gripping the electronic device 300. For example, components of electronic device 300 may be equipped to identify one arrangement of actuated sensor pads 312 as being left-handedness, and another arrangement of actuated sensor pads 312 as being right-handedness. For example, sensor pads 312 may be gripped on one side of back panel 312 (i.e. to the left of axis X) if the user is right handed.

[0050] FIG. 4 is a side view of electronic device 400 adapted to include an orientation-detection mechanism, under another embodiment. A sensor system is positioned on edges of housing 108 (FIG. 1). In one embodiment, edge surfaces 422 extending from either pair of lateral sides 105, 115 (FIGS. 1 and 2) are provided with sensor pads 412 that detect touch by the user. For a square shaped device such as shown with FIG. 1, four edge surfaces 422 may be assumed for electronic device 400. The sensor pads 412 on each edge surface 422 detect touch by the user. For example, finger tips may extend over and actuate sensor pads 412 on two or more of the edge surfaces 422.

[0051] The sensor pads 412 that are actuated by a user's grip may be used to detect orientation information, such as right/left-handedness, and top/down directions of electronic device 100. For example, when a user grips a square electronic device 100 such as shown by FIG. 1, the edge surface 422 with the greatest number of actuated surfaces may be used to identify the handedness of the user. Alternatively, the edge surface with the greatest number of actuated surfaces may indicate the left-right orientation of the device in use.

[0052] Examples of orientation information that can be determined through sensor systems such as described with FIGS. 3 and 4 include left/right-handedness, top/bottom directions, and upward/downward facing. Other types of orientation information may be provided by other embodiments.

[0053] Sensor systems such as described with FIGS. 2 and 4 may be implemented through various mechanisms. Contact-sensitive electromechanical materials that change resistance, inductance, or other electrical properties, may form sensor pads 312 (FIG. 3), 412 (FIG. 4).

[0054] (2) Housings With Integrally Formed Sensor Materials

[0055] In one embodiment, the housing of the electronic device may be formed from contact-sensitive material. The contact-sensitive material may be a unitary or integrated feature of the housing, at least in places where the sensor systems are in place. Electrical connections may be extended to a processor of the electronic device to designated housing locations from where the material is to provide contact-sensitive information.

[0056] Alternatively, the housing may incorporate the sensor material with no designated housing location for detecting contact. Rather, sufficient portions of the housing are contact-sensitive to enable contact to be located continuously over one or more of the housing's panels or surfaces. This contact may be used to determine orientation information.

[0057] With reference to FIG. 3, housing panel 320 may have an exterior layer formed from material that inherently detects user-contact. This user-contact detected from this type of material may be used to indicate the manner in which the user is holding electronic device 300. For example, the user's grip on electronic device 300 may detect whether the use is left-handed or right-handed, the left and right sides, the top and bottom sides, and/or an upward direction.

[0058] One type of material that can be used for a sensor material as an integrated portion of the housing is electronic muscle. Electronic muscle is a dielectric elastomer material that can be stretched and allowed to contract. The elastic stresses created from stretching and contracting the electronic muscle work against the electric field of the material and create electrical energy.

[0059] Electronic muscle may be used on some or all of the electronic device's housing. The electronic muscle may be made available in areas where users naturally grip the electronic device. In particular, the electronic muscle may be positioned in places such where the sensor systems are located, such as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

[0060] If pressure from user is detected, the electronic energy created from the contact to the electronic muscle is the input corresponding to the orientation information. The device may be configured based on this orientation information.

[0061] A more detailed description of electronic muscle is provided in a U.S. Patent Application entitled Implementation of Electronic Muscles In A Portable Computer As User Input/Output Devices, filed on Aug. 30, 2001, having Ser. No. 09/944,280, and naming Shawn Gettemy and Yoon Kean Wong as inventors. The aforementioned application is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0062] Another type of material that can be used as sensor materials is known under the trade name ELEKTEX, manufactured by ELEKSEN LIMITED. This type of material detects contact through a change in electrical resistance.

[0063] An analog-digital converter (see FIG. 7) may be used with the sensor materials to detect and interpret contact with the sensor materials. The analog-digital converter changes electrical signals created through changes in the electrical properties of the materials. The analog-digital converter may also detect the position for where contact is occurring on the housing of the electronic device.

[0064] (3) User-Initiated Detection Mechanisms

[0065] Rather than automatically detect orientation information, an electronic device such as shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to enable users to enter input that corresponds to orientation information. In these embodiments, orientation information is detected through a user-interface feature that is manually operated by the user to inform the electronic device of how it is being held. FIG. 6 illustrates a method for operating the electronic device using orientation information manually entered by the user.

[0066] For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the user presses the button 130 (FIG. 1) that is in a predetermined location on the electronic device 100 when he is holding the device. For example, the button 130 in the top left comer can be pressed by the user to set the orientation of the electronic device 100. Upon receiving the button press, the electronic device 100 configures the user-interface features based on which button 130 was pressed.

[0067] (4) Environmental Sensors

[0068] In another embodiment, environmental sensors may be used to detect orientation information used to configure the user-interface features of the electronic device. Examples of environmental sensors include accelerometers or similar devices that can be used to measure gravity.

[0069] D. Methods for Configuring User-Interface Features of Ambiguous Devices

[0070] FIGS. 5-6 illustrate methods for configuring different types of user-interface features based on orientation information detected from a detection mechanism. Reference to numerals in other figures of this application is for illustrative purposes only.

[0071] The detection mechanisms may correspond to any combination of sensor systems, user-input mechanisms, sensor materials, or combinations thereof. Examples for detection mechanisms are described with FIGS. 3 and 4, and elsewhere in Section C.

[0072] FIG. 5 illustrates a method for configuring a user-interface feature of an electronic device based to a detected orientation. The electronic device is ambiguous when not in use, so that the orientation of its user-interface features is unknown. As described below, the orientation of the electronic device is detectable when the electronic device in held or in use. This orientation may be used to configure the user-interface features of electronic device.

[0073] In step 510, orientation information is detected. The orientation information may be detected from any number of sensor systems described above. For example, sensor systems described with FIGS. 3 and 4 may be used to gain the orientation information. Alternatively, sensor materials incorporated into the housing of the material detect the orientation of the electronic device.

[0074] In step 520, an orientation is selected for user-interface features on the electronic device. The orientation is selected based on the detected orientation information.

[0075] Step 530 provides that the user-interface features are configured according to the selected orientation.

[0076] In an embodiment such as shown by FIG. 1, the user-interface features of electronic device 100 include buttons 130 and display 120. The actions assigned to each button 130 is unknown when electronic device 100 is ambiguous. Furthermore, the direction content is to appear on display 120 is unknown.

[0077] When the device is used, orientation information is detected and used to assign actions assigned to specific buttons 130. Each of the buttons 130 may be assigned an action based on a relative position of that button to a reference point or designation. Similarly, orientation information about a reference point or designation determines the top-down and left-right direction on display 120.

[0078] For example, the reference point of electronic device 100 may coincide with a user's palm and/or fingers in gripping electronic device 100. The detection mechanism may determine the left and top side of electronic device 100 relative to the user's grip. Each of the buttons 130 may be assigned an action based on that button's position relative to the user's hand. For example, any button assigned the top left corner position when electronic device 100 is held by the user is assigned a function for that position. Similarly, display 120 displays content, receives input, and orients itself based on the detected left-right and top-down reference designations.

[0079] FIG. 6 illustrates a method for detecting orientation information through user-input. The user-input may substitute for sensors and other mechanisms that detect orientation information about the electronic device.

[0080] In step 610, input is detected that corresponds to orientation information. In one embodiment, the input may correspond to a button press to one of the buttons 130 (FIG. 1),. In another embodiment, the input may correspond to actuation of one of the contact surfaces 240 (FIG. 2). The input includes an attribute or characteristic that serves as a reference designation for electronic device 100. For example, electronic device 100 (FIG. 1) may be configured so that the user must press the top, left corner button to switch the device from an ambiguous state.

[0081] Step 620 provides that the user-input is translated into orientation information. In the example provided, electronic device 100 makes a reference designation based on which button 130 is pressed to wake the electronic device 100 from the ambiguous state. In this way, the top, left corner button press designates the top, bottom, left, and right sides of electronic device 100.

[0082] Step 630 provides that electronic device 100 is configured using the detected orientation information. For example, each button may be assigned an action based on its position relative to the top-left corner. The display may be oriented top-down and left-right based on the proximity of each corner of the display to the button 130 designated as being the top-left corner.

[0083] E. Hardware Diagram

[0084] FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware implementation for use with an embodiment where an electronic device is a handheld computer. Handheld computers, sometimes referred to as PDAs, operate Personal Information Management software. Examples of software that can be operated by a handheld computer includes PALM OS, manufactured by PALM INC., or POCKET PC, manufactured by MICROSOFT.

[0085] In an embodiment, a handheld computer 700 includes a processor 740 coupled to a first memory 744 (non-volatile) and a second memory 746 (volatile). The processor 740 is coupled to a display driver 722. The processor 740 combines with display driver 722 to process and signal data for presentation on a display assembly 720. The display assembly 720 may include screen and digitizer components, as described in FIG. 2B.

[0086] In an embodiment, a sensor system 764 may be provided to detect orientation information. The sensor system 764 may comprise information compiled from a plurality of actuated sensor pads, such as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The orientation information may be detected as an analog value.

[0087] An analog-digital (AD) converter 732 is coupled to processor 740. The sensor system 764 signals orientation information to processor 740 via A/D converter 732. In addition, one or more channels 736 from A/D converter 732 maybe used to convert analog input provided by the digitizer, or by another analog input mechanism.

[0088] The handheld computer 700 may include one or more expansion ports for coupling to accessory devices, such as cradles, modems, memory units, re-chargers and other devices. Examples of expansion ports include serial ports, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, CompactFlash slots and infra-red ports. In an embodiment shown, an expansion port 702 enables one or more types of expansion modules to be connected to processor 740.

[0089] A power supply 755 may provide power to one or more internal components of the handheld computer 700. The power supply may correspond to a rechargeable or disposable battery set.

[0090] F. Alternative Buttons

[0091] While embodiments described herein provide for symmetrical electronic devices that are square in shape, other embodiments may use other symmetrical shapes. For example, the electronic device may be circular in shape.

[0092] While user-interface features described herein have focused on display and buttons, other embodiments may provide for other types features that can be oriented with orientation information. For example, connector ports, housing features and other components are configurable with orientation information.

[0093] G. Conclusion

[0094] In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.